@motiadev/core 0.1.0-beta.9 → 0.2.0-beta.31

package/python_modules/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import ResolutionImpossible
+
+from pip._internal.cache import CacheEntry, WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    InstallationError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
+    UnsupportedWheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_drop_extras,
+    install_req_from_link_and_ireq,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_invalid_constraint_type,
+)
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateVersion, Constraint, Requirement
+from .candidates import (
+    AlreadyInstalledCandidate,
+    BaseCandidate,
+    EditableCandidate,
+    ExtrasCandidate,
+    LinkCandidate,
+    RequiresPythonCandidate,
+    as_base_candidate,
+)
+from .found_candidates import FoundCandidates, IndexCandidateInfo
+from .requirements import (
+    ExplicitRequirement,
+    RequiresPythonRequirement,
+    SpecifierRequirement,
+    SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement,
+    UnsatisfiableRequirement,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    class ConflictCause(Protocol):
+        requirement: RequiresPythonRequirement
+        parent: Candidate
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+C = TypeVar("C")
+Cache = Dict[Link, C]
+
+
+class CollectedRootRequirements(NamedTuple):
+    requirements: List[Requirement]
+    constraints: Dict[str, Constraint]
+    user_requested: Dict[str, int]
+
+
+class Factory:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._finder = finder
+        self.preparer = preparer
+        self._wheel_cache = wheel_cache
+        self._python_candidate = RequiresPythonCandidate(py_version_info)
+        self._make_install_req_from_spec = make_install_req
+        self._use_user_site = use_user_site
+        self._force_reinstall = force_reinstall
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+
+        self._build_failures: Cache[InstallationError] = {}
+        self._link_candidate_cache: Cache[LinkCandidate] = {}
+        self._editable_candidate_cache: Cache[EditableCandidate] = {}
+        self._installed_candidate_cache: Dict[str, AlreadyInstalledCandidate] = {}
+        self._extras_candidate_cache: Dict[
+            Tuple[int, FrozenSet[NormalizedName]], ExtrasCandidate
+        ] = {}
+
+        if not ignore_installed:
+            env = get_default_environment()
+            self._installed_dists = {
+                dist.canonical_name: dist
+                for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False)
+            }
+        else:
+            self._installed_dists = {}
+
+    @property
+    def force_reinstall(self) -> bool:
+        return self._force_reinstall
+
+    def _fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(self, link: Link) -> None:
+        if not link.is_wheel:
+            return
+        wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+        if wheel.supported(self._finder.target_python.get_unsorted_tags()):
+            return
+        msg = f"{link.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(msg)
+
+    def _make_extras_candidate(
+        self,
+        base: BaseCandidate,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        *,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    ) -> ExtrasCandidate:
+        cache_key = (id(base), frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in extras))
+        try:
+            candidate = self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key]
+        except KeyError:
+            candidate = ExtrasCandidate(base, extras, comes_from=comes_from)
+            self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key] = candidate
+        return candidate
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_dist(
+        self,
+        dist: BaseDistribution,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Candidate:
+        try:
+            base = self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            base = AlreadyInstalledCandidate(dist, template, factory=self)
+            self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name] = base
+        if not extras:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion],
+    ) -> Optional[Candidate]:
+        base: Optional[BaseCandidate] = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+            link, template, name, version
+        )
+        if not extras or base is None:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_base_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion],
+    ) -> Optional[BaseCandidate]:
+        # TODO: Check already installed candidate, and use it if the link and
+        # editable flag match.
+
+        if link in self._build_failures:
+            # We already tried this candidate before, and it does not build.
+            # Don't bother trying again.
+            return None
+
+        if template.editable:
+            if link not in self._editable_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._editable_candidate_cache[link] = EditableCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except MetadataInconsistent as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+
+            return self._editable_candidate_cache[link]
+        else:
+            if link not in self._link_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._link_candidate_cache[link] = LinkCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except MetadataInconsistent as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+            return self._link_candidate_cache[link]
+
+    def _iter_found_candidates(
+        self,
+        ireqs: Sequence[InstallRequirement],
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+        hashes: Hashes,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        incompatible_ids: Set[int],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        if not ireqs:
+            return ()
+
+        # The InstallRequirement implementation requires us to give it a
+        # "template". Here we just choose the first requirement to represent
+        # all of them.
+        # Hopefully the Project model can correct this mismatch in the future.
+        template = ireqs[0]
+        assert template.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+        name = canonicalize_name(template.req.name)
+
+        extras: FrozenSet[str] = frozenset()
+        for ireq in ireqs:
+            assert ireq.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+            specifier &= ireq.req.specifier
+            hashes &= ireq.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+            extras |= frozenset(ireq.extras)
+
+        def _get_installed_candidate() -> Optional[Candidate]:
+            """Get the candidate for the currently-installed version."""
+            # If --force-reinstall is set, we want the version from the index
+            # instead, so we "pretend" there is nothing installed.
+            if self._force_reinstall:
+                return None
+            try:
+                installed_dist = self._installed_dists[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                return None
+            # Don't use the installed distribution if its version does not fit
+            # the current dependency graph.
+            if not specifier.contains(installed_dist.version, prereleases=True):
+                return None
+            candidate = self._make_candidate_from_dist(
+                dist=installed_dist,
+                extras=extras,
+                template=template,
+            )
+            # The candidate is a known incompatibility. Don't use it.
+            if id(candidate) in incompatible_ids:
+                return None
+            return candidate
+
+        def iter_index_candidate_infos() -> Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]:
+            result = self._finder.find_best_candidate(
+                project_name=name,
+                specifier=specifier,
+                hashes=hashes,
+            )
+            icans = list(result.iter_applicable())
+
+            # PEP 592: Yanked releases are ignored unless the specifier
+            # explicitly pins a version (via '==' or '===') that can be
+            # solely satisfied by a yanked release.
+            all_yanked = all(ican.link.is_yanked for ican in icans)
+
+            def is_pinned(specifier: SpecifierSet) -> bool:
+                for sp in specifier:
+                    if sp.operator == "===":
+                        return True
+                    if sp.operator != "==":
+                        continue
+                    if sp.version.endswith(".*"):
+                        continue
+                    return True
+                return False
+
+            pinned = is_pinned(specifier)
+
+            # PackageFinder returns earlier versions first, so we reverse.
+            for ican in reversed(icans):
+                if not (all_yanked and pinned) and ican.link.is_yanked:
+                    continue
+                func = functools.partial(
+                    self._make_candidate_from_link,
+                    link=ican.link,
+                    extras=extras,
+                    template=template,
+                    name=name,
+                    version=ican.version,
+                )
+                yield ican.version, func
+
+        return FoundCandidates(
+            iter_index_candidate_infos,
+            _get_installed_candidate(),
+            prefers_installed,
+            incompatible_ids,
+        )
+
+    def _iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+        self,
+        base_requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from the base given an extra-ed package.
+
+        :param base_requirements: Requirements known to the resolver. The
+            requirements are guaranteed to not have extras.
+        :param extras: The extras to inject into the explicit requirements'
+            candidates.
+        """
+        for req in base_requirements:
+            lookup_cand, _ = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if lookup_cand is None:  # Not explicit.
+                continue
+            # We've stripped extras from the identifier, and should always
+            # get a BaseCandidate here, unless there's a bug elsewhere.
+            base_cand = as_base_candidate(lookup_cand)
+            assert base_cand is not None, "no extras here"
+            yield self._make_extras_candidate(base_cand, extras)
+
+    def _iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from constraints.
+
+        This creates "fake" InstallRequirement objects that are basically clones
+        of what "should" be the template, but with original_link set to link.
+        """
+        for link in constraint.links:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(link)
+            candidate = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                link,
+                template=install_req_from_link_and_ireq(link, template),
+                name=canonicalize_name(identifier),
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if candidate:
+                yield candidate
+
+    def find_candidates(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        requirements: Mapping[str, Iterable[Requirement]],
+        incompatibilities: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        # Collect basic lookup information from the requirements.
+        explicit_candidates: Set[Candidate] = set()
+        ireqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in requirements[identifier]:
+            cand, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if cand is not None:
+                explicit_candidates.add(cand)
+            if ireq is not None:
+                ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # If the current identifier contains extras, add requires and explicit
+        # candidates from entries from extra-less identifier.
+        with contextlib.suppress(InvalidRequirement):
+            parsed_requirement = get_requirement(identifier)
+            if parsed_requirement.name != identifier:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+                        requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, ()),
+                        frozenset(parsed_requirement.extras),
+                    ),
+                )
+                for req in requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, []):
+                    _, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+                    if ireq is not None:
+                        ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # Add explicit candidates from constraints. We only do this if there are
+        # known ireqs, which represent requirements not already explicit. If
+        # there are no ireqs, we're constraining already-explicit requirements,
+        # which is handled later when we return the explicit candidates.
+        if ireqs:
+            try:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+                        identifier,
+                        constraint,
+                        template=ireqs[0],
+                    ),
+                )
+            except UnsupportedWheel:
+                # If we're constrained to install a wheel incompatible with the
+                # target architecture, no candidates will ever be valid.
+                return ()
+
+        # Since we cache all the candidates, incompatibility identification
+        # can be made quicker by comparing only the id() values.
+        incompat_ids = {id(c) for c in incompatibilities.get(identifier, ())}
+
+        # If none of the requirements want an explicit candidate, we can ask
+        # the finder for candidates.
+        if not explicit_candidates:
+            return self._iter_found_candidates(
+                ireqs,
+                constraint.specifier,
+                constraint.hashes,
+                prefers_installed,
+                incompat_ids,
+            )
+
+        return (
+            c
+            for c in explicit_candidates
+            if id(c) not in incompat_ids
+            and constraint.is_satisfied_by(c)
+            and all(req.is_satisfied_by(c) for req in requirements[identifier])
+        )
+
+    def _make_requirements_from_install_req(
+        self, ireq: InstallRequirement, requested_extras: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given InstallRequirement. In
+        most cases this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the InstallRequirement has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the InstallRequirement has both a constraint (or link) and extras
+                -> result is split in two requirement objects: one with the constraint
+                (or link) and one with the extra. This allows centralized constraint
+                handling for the base, resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        if not ireq.match_markers(requested_extras):
+            logger.info(
+                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
+                ireq.name,
+                ireq.markers,
+            )
+        elif not ireq.link:
+            if ireq.extras and ireq.req is not None and ireq.req.specifier:
+                yield SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement(ireq)
+            yield SpecifierRequirement(ireq)
+        else:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(ireq.link)
+            # Always make the link candidate for the base requirement to make it
+            # available to `find_candidates` for explicit candidate lookup for any
+            # set of extras.
+            # The extras are required separately via a second requirement.
+            cand = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                ireq.link,
+                template=install_req_drop_extras(ireq) if ireq.extras else ireq,
+                name=canonicalize_name(ireq.name) if ireq.name else None,
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if cand is None:
+                # There's no way we can satisfy a URL requirement if the underlying
+                # candidate fails to build. An unnamed URL must be user-supplied, so
+                # we fail eagerly. If the URL is named, an unsatisfiable requirement
+                # can make the resolver do the right thing, either backtrack (and
+                # maybe find some other requirement that's buildable) or raise a
+                # ResolutionImpossible eventually.
+                if not ireq.name:
+                    raise self._build_failures[ireq.link]
+                yield UnsatisfiableRequirement(canonicalize_name(ireq.name))
+            else:
+                # require the base from the link
+                yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(cand)
+                if ireq.extras:
+                    # require the extras on top of the base candidate
+                    yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(
+                        self._make_extras_candidate(cand, frozenset(ireq.extras))
+                    )
+
+    def collect_root_requirements(
+        self, root_ireqs: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> CollectedRootRequirements:
+        collected = CollectedRootRequirements([], {}, {})
+        for i, ireq in enumerate(root_ireqs):
+            if ireq.constraint:
+                # Ensure we only accept valid constraints
+                problem = check_invalid_constraint_type(ireq)
+                if problem:
+                    raise InstallationError(problem)
+                if not ireq.match_markers():
+                    continue
+                assert ireq.name, "Constraint must be named"
+                name = canonicalize_name(ireq.name)
+                if name in collected.constraints:
+                    collected.constraints[name] &= ireq
+                else:
+                    collected.constraints[name] = Constraint.from_ireq(ireq)
+            else:
+                reqs = list(
+                    self._make_requirements_from_install_req(
+                        ireq,
+                        requested_extras=(),
+                    )
+                )
+                if not reqs:
+                    continue
+                template = reqs[0]
+                if ireq.user_supplied and template.name not in collected.user_requested:
+                    collected.user_requested[template.name] = i
+                collected.requirements.extend(reqs)
+        # Put requirements with extras at the end of the root requires. This does not
+        # affect resolvelib's picking preference but it does affect its initial criteria
+        # population: by putting extras at the end we enable the candidate finder to
+        # present resolvelib with a smaller set of candidates to resolvelib, already
+        # taking into account any non-transient constraints on the associated base. This
+        # means resolvelib will have fewer candidates to visit and reject.
+        # Python's list sort is stable, meaning relative order is kept for objects with
+        # the same key.
+        collected.requirements.sort(key=lambda r: r.name != r.project_name)
+        return collected
+
+    def make_requirement_from_candidate(
+        self, candidate: Candidate
+    ) -> ExplicitRequirement:
+        return ExplicitRequirement(candidate)
+
+    def make_requirements_from_spec(
+        self,
+        specifier: str,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement],
+        requested_extras: Iterable[str] = (),
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given specifier. In most cases
+        this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the specifier has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the specifier has both a constraint and extras -> result is split
+                in two requirement objects: one with the constraint and one with the
+                extra. This allows centralized constraint handling for the base,
+                resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        ireq = self._make_install_req_from_spec(specifier, comes_from)
+        return self._make_requirements_from_install_req(ireq, requested_extras)
+
+    def make_requires_python_requirement(
+        self,
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+    ) -> Optional[Requirement]:
+        if self._ignore_requires_python:
+            return None
+        # Don't bother creating a dependency for an empty Requires-Python.
+        if not str(specifier):
+            return None
+        return RequiresPythonRequirement(specifier, self._python_candidate)
+
+    def get_wheel_cache_entry(
+        self, link: Link, name: Optional[str]
+    ) -> Optional[CacheEntry]:
+        """Look up the link in the wheel cache.
+
+        If ``preparer.require_hashes`` is True, don't use the wheel cache,
+        because cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes
+        than the files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false
+        hash mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have
+        nondeterministic contents due to file modification times.
+        """
+        if self._wheel_cache is None:
+            return None
+        return self._wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=name,
+            supported_tags=get_supported(),
+        )
+
+    def get_dist_to_uninstall(self, candidate: Candidate) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        # TODO: Are there more cases this needs to return True? Editable?
+        dist = self._installed_dists.get(candidate.project_name)
+        if dist is None:  # Not installed, no uninstallation required.
+            return None
+
+        # We're installing into global site. The current installation must
+        # be uninstalled, no matter it's in global or user site, because the
+        # user site installation has precedence over global.
+        if not self._use_user_site:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site. Remove the user site installation.
+        if dist.in_usersite:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site, but the installed incompatible
+        # package is in global site. We can't uninstall that, and would let
+        # the new user installation to "shadow" it. But shadowing won't work
+        # in virtual environments, so we error out.
+        if running_under_virtualenv() and dist.in_site_packages:
+            message = (
+                f"Will not install to the user site because it will lack "
+                f"sys.path precedence to {dist.raw_name} in {dist.location}"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(message)
+        return None
+
+    def _report_requires_python_error(
+        self, causes: Sequence["ConflictCause"]
+    ) -> UnsupportedPythonVersion:
+        assert causes, "Requires-Python error reported with no cause"
+
+        version = self._python_candidate.version
+
+        if len(causes) == 1:
+            specifier = str(causes[0].requirement.specifier)
+            message = (
+                f"Package {causes[0].parent.name!r} requires a different "
+                f"Python: {version} not in {specifier!r}"
+            )
+            return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+        message = f"Packages require a different Python. {version} not in:"
+        for cause in causes:
+            package = cause.parent.format_for_error()
+            specifier = str(cause.requirement.specifier)
+            message += f"\n{specifier!r} (required by {package})"
+        return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+    def _report_single_requirement_conflict(
+        self, req: Requirement, parent: Optional[Candidate]
+    ) -> DistributionNotFound:
+        if parent is None:
+            req_disp = str(req)
+        else:
+            req_disp = f"{req} (from {parent.name})"
+
+        cands = self._finder.find_all_candidates(req.project_name)
+        skipped_by_requires_python = self._finder.requires_python_skipped_reasons()
+
+        versions_set: Set[CandidateVersion] = set()
+        yanked_versions_set: Set[CandidateVersion] = set()
+        for c in cands:
+            is_yanked = c.link.is_yanked if c.link else False
+            if is_yanked:
+                yanked_versions_set.add(c.version)
+            else:
+                versions_set.add(c.version)
+
+        versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(versions_set)]
+        yanked_versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(yanked_versions_set)]
+
+        if yanked_versions:
+            # Saying "version X is yanked" isn't entirely accurate.
+            # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11745#issuecomment-1402805842
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following yanked versions: %s",
+                ", ".join(yanked_versions) or "none",
+            )
+        if skipped_by_requires_python:
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following versions that require a different python "
+                "version: %s",
+                "; ".join(skipped_by_requires_python) or "none",
+            )
+        logger.critical(
+            "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s "
+            "(from versions: %s)",
+            req_disp,
+            ", ".join(versions) or "none",
+        )
+        if str(req) == "requirements.txt":
+            logger.info(
+                "HINT: You are attempting to install a package literally "
+                'named "requirements.txt" (which cannot exist). Consider '
+                "using the '-r' flag to install the packages listed in "
+                "requirements.txt"
+            )
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(f"No matching distribution found for {req}")
+
+    def get_installation_error(
+        self,
+        e: "ResolutionImpossible[Requirement, Candidate]",
+        constraints: Dict[str, Constraint],
+    ) -> InstallationError:
+        assert e.causes, "Installation error reported with no cause"
+
+        # If one of the things we can't solve is "we need Python X.Y",
+        # that is what we report.
+        requires_python_causes = [
+            cause
+            for cause in e.causes
+            if isinstance(cause.requirement, RequiresPythonRequirement)
+            and not cause.requirement.is_satisfied_by(self._python_candidate)
+        ]
+        if requires_python_causes:
+            # The comprehension above makes sure all Requirement instances are
+            # RequiresPythonRequirement, so let's cast for convenience.
+            return self._report_requires_python_error(
+                cast("Sequence[ConflictCause]", requires_python_causes),
+            )
+
+        # Otherwise, we have a set of causes which can't all be satisfied
+        # at once.
+
+        # The simplest case is when we have *one* cause that can't be
+        # satisfied. We just report that case.
+        if len(e.causes) == 1:
+            req, parent = e.causes[0]
+            if req.name not in constraints:
+                return self._report_single_requirement_conflict(req, parent)
+
+        # OK, we now have a list of requirements that can't all be
+        # satisfied at once.
+
+        # A couple of formatting helpers
+        def text_join(parts: List[str]) -> str:
+            if len(parts) == 1:
+                return parts[0]
+
+            return ", ".join(parts[:-1]) + " and " + parts[-1]
+
+        def describe_trigger(parent: Candidate) -> str:
+            ireq = parent.get_install_requirement()
+            if not ireq or not ireq.comes_from:
+                return f"{parent.name}=={parent.version}"
+            if isinstance(ireq.comes_from, InstallRequirement):
+                return str(ireq.comes_from.name)
+            return str(ireq.comes_from)
+
+        triggers = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if parent is None:
+                # This is a root requirement, so we can report it directly
+                trigger = req.format_for_error()
+            else:
+                trigger = describe_trigger(parent)
+            triggers.add(trigger)
+
+        if triggers:
+            info = text_join(sorted(triggers))
+        else:
+            info = "the requested packages"
+
+        msg = (
+            f"Cannot install {info} because these package versions "
+            "have conflicting dependencies."
+        )
+        logger.critical(msg)
+        msg = "\nThe conflict is caused by:"
+
+        relevant_constraints = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if req.name in constraints:
+                relevant_constraints.add(req.name)
+            msg = msg + "\n    "
+            if parent:
+                msg = msg + f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
+            else:
+                msg = msg + "The user requested "
+            msg = msg + req.format_for_error()
+        for key in relevant_constraints:
+            spec = constraints[key].specifier
+            msg += f"\n    The user requested (constraint) {key}{spec}"
+
+        msg = (
+            msg
+            + "\n\n"
+            + "To fix this you could try to:\n"
+            + "1. loosen the range of package versions you've specified\n"
+            + "2. remove package versions to allow pip attempt to solve "
+            + "the dependency conflict\n"
+        )
+
+        logger.info(msg)
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(
+            "ResolutionImpossible: for help visit "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/topics/dependency-resolution/"
+            "#dealing-with-dependency-conflicts"
+        )