@moqtap/codec 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

package/src/drafts/draft13/codec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1438 @@
+import { BufferReader } from "../../core/buffer-reader.js";
+import { BufferWriter } from "../../core/buffer-writer.js";
+import type { BaseCodec, DecodeResult } from "../../core/types.js";
+import { DecodeError } from "../../core/types.js";
+import {
+  MESSAGE_ID_MAP,
+  MSG_ANNOUNCE,
+  MSG_ANNOUNCE_CANCEL,
+  MSG_ANNOUNCE_ERROR,
+  MSG_ANNOUNCE_OK,
+  MSG_CLIENT_SETUP,
+  MSG_FETCH,
+  MSG_FETCH_CANCEL,
+  MSG_FETCH_ERROR,
+  MSG_FETCH_OK,
+  MSG_GOAWAY,
+  MSG_MAX_REQUEST_ID,
+  MSG_PUBLISH,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_ERROR,
+  MSG_PUBLISH_OK,
+  MSG_REQUESTS_BLOCKED,
+  MSG_SERVER_SETUP,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_DONE,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_ERROR,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_ERROR,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_OK,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_OK,
+  MSG_SUBSCRIBE_UPDATE,
+  MSG_TRACK_STATUS,
+  MSG_TRACK_STATUS_ERROR,
+  MSG_TRACK_STATUS_OK,
+  MSG_UNANNOUNCE,
+  MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE,
+  MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE,
+  PARAM_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN,
+  PARAM_DELIVERY_TIMEOUT,
+  SETUP_PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID,
+  SETUP_PARAM_PATH,
+  VARINT_FRAMED_MESSAGES,
+} from "./messages.js";
+import type {
+  DatagramObject,
+  Draft13DataStream,
+  Draft13Fetch,
+  Draft13Message,
+  Draft13Params,
+  Draft13SetupParams,
+  FetchObjectPayload,
+  FetchStream,
+  JoiningFetch,
+  LargestLocation,
+  ObjectPayload,
+  StandaloneFetch,
+  SubgroupStream,
+  UnknownParam,
+} from "./types.js";
+
+// ─── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function bytesToHex(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
+  let hex = "";
+  for (let i = 0; i < bytes.byteLength; i++) {
+    hex += (bytes[i] as number).toString(16).padStart(2, "0");
+  }
+  return hex;
+}
+
+function hexToBytes(hex: string): Uint8Array {
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(hex.length / 2);
+  for (let i = 0; i < hex.length; i += 2) {
+    bytes[i / 2] = parseInt(hex.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
+  }
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+// ─── Setup Parameter Encoding/Decoding (even/odd convention) ────────────────────
+
+function encodeSetupParams(params: Draft13SetupParams, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  let count = 0;
+  if (params.path !== undefined) count++;
+  if (params.max_request_id !== undefined) count++;
+  if (params.unknown) count += params.unknown.length;
+
+  w.writeVarInt(count);
+
+  if (params.path !== undefined) {
+    w.writeVarInt(SETUP_PARAM_PATH);
+    const encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(params.path);
+    w.writeVarInt(encoded.byteLength);
+    w.writeBytes(encoded);
+  }
+  if (params.max_request_id !== undefined) {
+    w.writeVarInt(SETUP_PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID);
+    w.writeVarInt(params.max_request_id);
+  }
+  if (params.unknown) {
+    for (const u of params.unknown) {
+      const id = BigInt(u.id);
+      w.writeVarInt(id);
+      if (id % 2n === 0n) {
+        const raw = hexToBytes(u.raw_hex);
+        const tmpReader = new BufferReader(raw);
+        w.writeVarInt(tmpReader.readVarInt());
+      } else {
+        const raw = hexToBytes(u.raw_hex);
+        w.writeVarInt(raw.byteLength);
+        w.writeBytes(raw);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeSetupParams(r: BufferReader): Draft13SetupParams {
+  const count = Number(r.readVarInt());
+  const result: Draft13SetupParams = {};
+  const unknown: UnknownParam[] = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const paramType = r.readVarInt();
+    if (paramType % 2n === 0n) {
+      const value = r.readVarInt();
+      if (paramType === SETUP_PARAM_MAX_REQUEST_ID) {
+        result.max_request_id = value;
+      } else {
+        const tmpW = new BufferWriter(16);
+        tmpW.writeVarInt(value);
+        const raw = tmpW.finish();
+        unknown.push({
+          id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
+          length: raw.byteLength,
+          raw_hex: bytesToHex(raw),
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      const length = Number(r.readVarInt());
+      const bytes = r.readBytes(length);
+      if (paramType === SETUP_PARAM_PATH) {
+        result.path = new TextDecoder().decode(bytes);
+      } else {
+        unknown.push({ id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`, length, raw_hex: bytesToHex(bytes) });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (unknown.length > 0) result.unknown = unknown;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ─── Version-Specific Parameter Encoding/Decoding ───────────────────────────────
+// Uses even/odd convention: even type → bare varint value, odd type → length-prefixed blob
+
+function encodeParams(params: Draft13Params, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  let count = params.unknown ? params.unknown.length : 0;
+  if (params.authorization_token !== undefined) count++;
+  if (params.delivery_timeout !== undefined) count++;
+  w.writeVarInt(count);
+
+  if (params.authorization_token !== undefined) {
+    // AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN = 0x01 (odd → length-prefixed)
+    w.writeVarInt(PARAM_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN);
+    const at = params.authorization_token;
+    const tmpW = new BufferWriter(64);
+    tmpW.writeVarInt(at.alias_type);
+    tmpW.writeVarInt(at.token_type);
+    const tokenBytes = new TextEncoder().encode(at.token_value);
+    tmpW.writeBytes(tokenBytes);
+    const raw = tmpW.finish();
+    w.writeVarInt(raw.byteLength);
+    w.writeBytes(raw);
+  }
+  if (params.delivery_timeout !== undefined) {
+    // DELIVERY_TIMEOUT = 0x03 (odd → length-prefixed varint)
+    w.writeVarInt(PARAM_DELIVERY_TIMEOUT);
+    const tmpW = new BufferWriter(16);
+    tmpW.writeVarInt(params.delivery_timeout);
+    const raw = tmpW.finish();
+    w.writeVarInt(raw.byteLength);
+    w.writeBytes(raw);
+  }
+  if (params.unknown) {
+    for (const u of params.unknown) {
+      const id = BigInt(u.id);
+      w.writeVarInt(id);
+      if (id % 2n === 0n) {
+        // Even → bare varint
+        const raw = hexToBytes(u.raw_hex);
+        const tmpReader = new BufferReader(raw);
+        w.writeVarInt(tmpReader.readVarInt());
+      } else {
+        // Odd → length-prefixed
+        const raw = hexToBytes(u.raw_hex);
+        w.writeVarInt(raw.byteLength);
+        w.writeBytes(raw);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeParams(r: BufferReader): Draft13Params {
+  const count = Number(r.readVarInt());
+  const result: Draft13Params = {};
+  const unknown: UnknownParam[] = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const paramType = r.readVarInt();
+
+    if (paramType % 2n === 0n) {
+      // Even type → bare varint value
+      const value = r.readVarInt();
+      const tmpW = new BufferWriter(16);
+      tmpW.writeVarInt(value);
+      const raw = tmpW.finish();
+      unknown.push({
+        id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`,
+        length: raw.byteLength,
+        raw_hex: bytesToHex(raw),
+      });
+    } else {
+      // Odd type → length-prefixed blob
+      const length = Number(r.readVarInt());
+      const startOff = r.offset;
+
+      if (paramType === PARAM_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN) {
+        const alias_type = r.readVarInt();
+        const token_type = r.readVarInt();
+        const tokenBytesLen = length - (r.offset - startOff);
+        const tokenBytes = r.readBytes(tokenBytesLen);
+        result.authorization_token = {
+          alias_type,
+          token_type,
+          token_value: new TextDecoder().decode(tokenBytes),
+        };
+      } else if (paramType === PARAM_DELIVERY_TIMEOUT) {
+        const blob = r.readBytes(length);
+        const tmpReader = new BufferReader(blob);
+        result.delivery_timeout = tmpReader.readVarInt();
+      } else {
+        const bytes = r.readBytes(length);
+        unknown.push({ id: `0x${paramType.toString(16)}`, length, raw_hex: bytesToHex(bytes) });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (unknown.length > 0) result.unknown = unknown;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ─── Payload Encoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function encodeClientSetupPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "client_setup" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.supported_versions.length);
+  for (const v of msg.supported_versions) w.writeVarInt(v);
+  encodeSetupParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeServerSetupPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "server_setup" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.selected_version);
+  encodeSetupParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribePayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
+  w.writeString(msg.track_name);
+  w.writeUint8(msg.subscriber_priority);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.filter_type);
+  const ft = Number(msg.filter_type);
+  if (ft === 3 || ft === 4) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!);
+  }
+  if (ft === 4) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group!);
+  }
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe_ok" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.expires);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.content_exists);
+  if (msg.content_exists === 1n && msg.largest_location) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location.group);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location.object);
+  }
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe_error" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe_update" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group);
+  w.writeUint8(msg.subscriber_priority);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeDonePayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe_done" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.status_code);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.stream_count);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+function encodeUnsubscribePayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "unsubscribe" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+}
+
+function encodeAnnouncePayload(msg: Draft13Message & { type: "announce" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeAnnounceOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "announce_ok" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+}
+
+function encodeAnnounceErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "announce_error" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+function encodeUnannouncePayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "unannounce" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
+}
+
+function encodeAnnounceCancelPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "announce_cancel" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+// Draft-13: subscribe_namespace (renamed from subscribe_announces, same wire format)
+function encodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe_namespace" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace_prefix);
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe_namespace_ok" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+}
+
+function encodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "subscribe_namespace_error" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+function encodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "unsubscribe_namespace" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace_prefix);
+}
+
+function encodePublishPayload(msg: Draft13Message & { type: "publish" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
+  w.writeString(msg.track_name);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.content_exists);
+  if (msg.content_exists === 1n && msg.largest_location) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location.group);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location.object);
+  }
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodePublishOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "publish_ok" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
+  w.writeUint8(msg.subscriber_priority);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.filter_type);
+  const ft = Number(msg.filter_type);
+  if (ft === 3 || ft === 4) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!);
+  }
+  if (ft === 4) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group!);
+  }
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodePublishErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "publish_error" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+function encodeFetchPayload(msg: Draft13Message & { type: "fetch" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeUint8(msg.subscriber_priority);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.fetch_type);
+  const ft = Number(msg.fetch_type);
+  if (ft === 1 && msg.standalone) {
+    w.writeTuple(msg.standalone.track_namespace);
+    w.writeString(msg.standalone.track_name);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.standalone.start_group);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.standalone.start_object);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.standalone.end_group);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.standalone.end_object);
+  } else if ((ft === 2 || ft === 3) && msg.joining) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.joining.joining_subscribe_id);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.joining.joining_start);
+  }
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeFetchOkPayload(msg: Draft13Message & { type: "fetch_ok" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_of_track);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_location.group);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.end_location.object);
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+function encodeFetchErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "fetch_error" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+function encodeFetchCancelPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "fetch_cancel" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+}
+
+// Draft-13: track_status is now SUBSCRIBE-like
+function encodeTrackStatusPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "track_status" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeTuple(msg.track_namespace);
+  w.writeString(msg.track_name);
+  w.writeUint8(msg.subscriber_priority);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.forward);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.filter_type);
+  const ft = Number(msg.filter_type);
+  if (ft === 3 || ft === 4) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_group!);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.start_object!);
+  }
+  if (ft === 4) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.end_group!);
+  }
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+// Draft-13: track_status_ok is SUBSCRIBE_OK-like
+function encodeTrackStatusOkPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "track_status_ok" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.track_alias);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.expires);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.group_order);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.content_exists);
+  if (msg.content_exists === 1n && msg.largest_location) {
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location.group);
+    w.writeVarInt(msg.largest_location.object);
+  }
+  encodeParams(msg.parameters, w);
+}
+
+// Draft-13: track_status_error
+function encodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "track_status_error" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.error_code);
+  w.writeString(msg.reason_phrase);
+}
+
+function encodeGoAwayPayload(msg: Draft13Message & { type: "goaway" }, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  w.writeString(msg.new_session_uri);
+}
+
+function encodeMaxRequestIdPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "max_request_id" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.request_id);
+}
+
+function encodeRequestsBlockedPayload(
+  msg: Draft13Message & { type: "requests_blocked" },
+  w: BufferWriter,
+): void {
+  w.writeVarInt(msg.maximum_request_id);
+}
+
+// ─── Payload Decoders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function decodeClientSetupPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const numVersions = Number(r.readVarInt());
+  if (numVersions === 0) {
+    throw new DecodeError("CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION", "supported_versions must not be empty", r.offset);
+  }
+  const supported_versions: bigint[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < numVersions; i++) supported_versions.push(r.readVarInt());
+  const parameters = decodeSetupParams(r);
+  return { type: "client_setup", supported_versions, parameters };
+}
+
+function decodeServerSetupPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const selected_version = r.readVarInt();
+  const parameters = decodeSetupParams(r);
+  return { type: "server_setup", selected_version, parameters };
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
+  const track_name = r.readString();
+  const subscriber_priority = r.readUint8();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const forward = r.readVarInt();
+  const filter_type = r.readVarInt();
+  const ft = Number(filter_type);
+  if (ft < 1 || ft > 4) {
+    throw new DecodeError("CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION", `Invalid filter_type: ${ft}`, r.offset);
+  }
+  let start_group: bigint | undefined;
+  let start_object: bigint | undefined;
+  let end_group: bigint | undefined;
+  if (ft === 3 || ft === 4) {
+    start_group = r.readVarInt();
+    start_object = r.readVarInt();
+  }
+  if (ft === 4) {
+    end_group = r.readVarInt();
+  }
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: "subscribe",
+    request_id,
+    track_namespace,
+    track_name,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    group_order,
+    forward,
+    filter_type,
+    parameters,
+  };
+  if (start_group !== undefined) msg.start_group = start_group;
+  if (start_object !== undefined) msg.start_object = start_object;
+  if (end_group !== undefined) msg.end_group = end_group;
+  return msg as unknown as Draft13Message;
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const track_alias = r.readVarInt();
+  const expires = r.readVarInt();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const content_exists = r.readVarInt();
+  let largest_location: LargestLocation | undefined;
+  if (content_exists === 1n) {
+    const group = r.readVarInt();
+    const object = r.readVarInt();
+    largest_location = { group, object };
+  }
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: "subscribe_ok",
+    request_id,
+    track_alias,
+    expires,
+    group_order,
+    content_exists,
+    parameters,
+  };
+  if (largest_location) msg.largest_location = largest_location;
+  return msg as unknown as Draft13Message;
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "subscribe_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const start_group = r.readVarInt();
+  const start_object = r.readVarInt();
+  const end_group = r.readVarInt();
+  const subscriber_priority = r.readUint8();
+  const forward = r.readVarInt();
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  return {
+    type: "subscribe_update",
+    request_id,
+    start_group,
+    start_object,
+    end_group,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    forward,
+    parameters,
+  };
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeDonePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const status_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const stream_count = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "subscribe_done", request_id, status_code, stream_count, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+function decodeUnsubscribePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  return { type: "unsubscribe", request_id };
+}
+
+function decodeAnnouncePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  return { type: "announce", request_id, track_namespace, parameters };
+}
+
+function decodeAnnounceOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  return { type: "announce_ok", request_id };
+}
+
+function decodeAnnounceErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "announce_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+function decodeUnannouncePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
+  return { type: "unannounce", track_namespace };
+}
+
+function decodeAnnounceCancelPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "announce_cancel", track_namespace, error_code, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+// Draft-13: subscribe_namespace (renamed from subscribe_announces)
+function decodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const track_namespace_prefix = r.readTuple();
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  return { type: "subscribe_namespace", request_id, track_namespace_prefix, parameters };
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  return { type: "subscribe_namespace_ok", request_id };
+}
+
+function decodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "subscribe_namespace_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+function decodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const track_namespace_prefix = r.readTuple();
+  return { type: "unsubscribe_namespace", track_namespace_prefix };
+}
+
+function decodePublishPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
+  const track_name = r.readString();
+  const track_alias = r.readVarInt();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const content_exists = r.readVarInt();
+  let largest_location: LargestLocation | undefined;
+  if (content_exists === 1n) {
+    const group = r.readVarInt();
+    const object = r.readVarInt();
+    largest_location = { group, object };
+  }
+  const forward = r.readVarInt();
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: "publish",
+    request_id,
+    track_namespace,
+    track_name,
+    track_alias,
+    group_order,
+    content_exists,
+    forward,
+    parameters,
+  };
+  if (largest_location) msg.largest_location = largest_location;
+  return msg as unknown as Draft13Message;
+}
+
+function decodePublishOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const forward = r.readVarInt();
+  const subscriber_priority = r.readUint8();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const filter_type = r.readVarInt();
+  const ft = Number(filter_type);
+  let start_group: bigint | undefined;
+  let start_object: bigint | undefined;
+  let end_group: bigint | undefined;
+  if (ft === 3 || ft === 4) {
+    start_group = r.readVarInt();
+    start_object = r.readVarInt();
+  }
+  if (ft === 4) {
+    end_group = r.readVarInt();
+  }
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: "publish_ok",
+    request_id,
+    forward,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    group_order,
+    filter_type,
+    parameters,
+  };
+  if (start_group !== undefined) msg.start_group = start_group;
+  if (start_object !== undefined) msg.start_object = start_object;
+  if (end_group !== undefined) msg.end_group = end_group;
+  return msg as unknown as Draft13Message;
+}
+
+function decodePublishErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "publish_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+function decodeFetchPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const subscriber_priority = r.readUint8();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const fetch_type = r.readVarInt();
+  const ft = Number(fetch_type);
+
+  if (ft < 1 || ft > 3) {
+    throw new DecodeError("CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION", `Invalid fetch_type: ${ft}`, r.offset);
+  }
+
+  let standalone: StandaloneFetch | undefined;
+  let joining: JoiningFetch | undefined;
+
+  if (ft === 1) {
+    const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
+    const track_name = r.readString();
+    const start_group = r.readVarInt();
+    const start_object = r.readVarInt();
+    const end_group = r.readVarInt();
+    const end_object = r.readVarInt();
+    standalone = { track_namespace, track_name, start_group, start_object, end_group, end_object };
+  } else {
+    const joining_subscribe_id = r.readVarInt();
+    const joining_start = r.readVarInt();
+    joining = { joining_subscribe_id, joining_start };
+  }
+
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  return {
+    type: "fetch",
+    request_id,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    group_order,
+    fetch_type,
+    standalone,
+    joining,
+    parameters,
+  } as Draft13Fetch;
+}
+
+function decodeFetchOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const end_of_track = r.readVarInt();
+  const group = r.readVarInt();
+  const object = r.readVarInt();
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  return {
+    type: "fetch_ok",
+    request_id,
+    group_order,
+    end_of_track,
+    end_location: { group, object },
+    parameters,
+  };
+}
+
+function decodeFetchErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "fetch_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+function decodeFetchCancelPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  return { type: "fetch_cancel", request_id };
+}
+
+// Draft-13: track_status is SUBSCRIBE-like
+function decodeTrackStatusPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const track_namespace = r.readTuple();
+  const track_name = r.readString();
+  const subscriber_priority = r.readUint8();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const forward = r.readVarInt();
+  const filter_type = r.readVarInt();
+  const ft = Number(filter_type);
+  if (ft < 1 || ft > 4) {
+    throw new DecodeError("CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION", `Invalid filter_type: ${ft}`, r.offset);
+  }
+  let start_group: bigint | undefined;
+  let start_object: bigint | undefined;
+  let end_group: bigint | undefined;
+  if (ft === 3 || ft === 4) {
+    start_group = r.readVarInt();
+    start_object = r.readVarInt();
+  }
+  if (ft === 4) {
+    end_group = r.readVarInt();
+  }
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: "track_status",
+    request_id,
+    track_namespace,
+    track_name,
+    subscriber_priority,
+    group_order,
+    forward,
+    filter_type,
+    parameters,
+  };
+  if (start_group !== undefined) msg.start_group = start_group;
+  if (start_object !== undefined) msg.start_object = start_object;
+  if (end_group !== undefined) msg.end_group = end_group;
+  return msg as unknown as Draft13Message;
+}
+
+// Draft-13: track_status_ok is SUBSCRIBE_OK-like
+function decodeTrackStatusOkPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const track_alias = r.readVarInt();
+  const expires = r.readVarInt();
+  const group_order = r.readVarInt();
+  const content_exists = r.readVarInt();
+  let largest_location: LargestLocation | undefined;
+  if (content_exists === 1n) {
+    const group = r.readVarInt();
+    const object = r.readVarInt();
+    largest_location = { group, object };
+  }
+  const parameters = decodeParams(r);
+  const msg: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    type: "track_status_ok",
+    request_id,
+    track_alias,
+    expires,
+    group_order,
+    content_exists,
+    parameters,
+  };
+  if (largest_location) msg.largest_location = largest_location;
+  return msg as unknown as Draft13Message;
+}
+
+// Draft-13: track_status_error
+function decodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  const error_code = r.readVarInt();
+  const reason_phrase = r.readString();
+  return { type: "track_status_error", request_id, error_code, reason_phrase };
+}
+
+function decodeGoAwayPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const new_session_uri = r.readString();
+  return { type: "goaway", new_session_uri };
+}
+
+function decodeMaxRequestIdPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  return { type: "max_request_id", request_id };
+}
+
+function decodeRequestsBlockedPayload(r: BufferReader): Draft13Message {
+  const maximum_request_id = r.readVarInt();
+  return { type: "requests_blocked", maximum_request_id };
+}
+
+// ─── Payload dispatch tables ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const payloadDecoders: ReadonlyMap<bigint, (r: BufferReader) => Draft13Message> = new Map([
+  [MSG_CLIENT_SETUP, decodeClientSetupPayload],
+  [MSG_SERVER_SETUP, decodeServerSetupPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE, decodeSubscribePayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_OK, decodeSubscribeOkPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_ERROR, decodeSubscribeErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_UPDATE, decodeSubscribeUpdatePayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_DONE, decodeSubscribeDonePayload],
+  [MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE, decodeUnsubscribePayload],
+  [MSG_ANNOUNCE, decodeAnnouncePayload],
+  [MSG_ANNOUNCE_OK, decodeAnnounceOkPayload],
+  [MSG_ANNOUNCE_ERROR, decodeAnnounceErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_UNANNOUNCE, decodeUnannouncePayload],
+  [MSG_ANNOUNCE_CANCEL, decodeAnnounceCancelPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE, decodeSubscribeNamespacePayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_OK, decodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload],
+  [MSG_SUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE_ERROR, decodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_UNSUBSCRIBE_NAMESPACE, decodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH, decodePublishPayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_OK, decodePublishOkPayload],
+  [MSG_PUBLISH_ERROR, decodePublishErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH, decodeFetchPayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH_OK, decodeFetchOkPayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH_ERROR, decodeFetchErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_FETCH_CANCEL, decodeFetchCancelPayload],
+  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS, decodeTrackStatusPayload],
+  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS_OK, decodeTrackStatusOkPayload],
+  [MSG_TRACK_STATUS_ERROR, decodeTrackStatusErrorPayload],
+  [MSG_GOAWAY, decodeGoAwayPayload],
+  [MSG_MAX_REQUEST_ID, decodeMaxRequestIdPayload],
+  [MSG_REQUESTS_BLOCKED, decodeRequestsBlockedPayload],
+]);
+
+// ─── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Encode a draft-13 control message.
+ * Most messages use type(varint) + length(uint16 BE) + payload.
+ * PUBLISH family uses type(varint) + length(varint) + payload.
+ */
+export function encodeMessage(message: Draft13Message): Uint8Array {
+  const typeId = MESSAGE_ID_MAP.get(message.type);
+  if (typeId === undefined) throw new Error(`Unknown message type: ${message.type}`);
+
+  const payloadWriter = new BufferWriter();
+  encodePayload(message, payloadWriter);
+  const payload = payloadWriter.finish();
+
+  const writer = new BufferWriter();
+  writer.writeVarInt(typeId);
+
+  if (VARINT_FRAMED_MESSAGES.has(typeId)) {
+    // PUBLISH family: varint length framing
+    writer.writeVarInt(payload.byteLength);
+  } else {
+    // All other messages: uint16 BE length framing
+    if (payload.byteLength > 0xffff) {
+      throw new Error(`Payload too large for 16-bit length: ${payload.byteLength}`);
+    }
+    writer.writeUint8((payload.byteLength >> 8) & 0xff);
+    writer.writeUint8(payload.byteLength & 0xff);
+  }
+
+  writer.writeBytes(payload);
+  return writer.finish();
+}
+
+function encodePayload(msg: Draft13Message, w: BufferWriter): void {
+  switch (msg.type) {
+    case "client_setup":
+      return encodeClientSetupPayload(msg, w);
+    case "server_setup":
+      return encodeServerSetupPayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe":
+      return encodeSubscribePayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe_ok":
+      return encodeSubscribeOkPayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe_error":
+      return encodeSubscribeErrorPayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe_update":
+      return encodeSubscribeUpdatePayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe_done":
+      return encodeSubscribeDonePayload(msg, w);
+    case "unsubscribe":
+      return encodeUnsubscribePayload(msg, w);
+    case "announce":
+      return encodeAnnouncePayload(msg, w);
+    case "announce_ok":
+      return encodeAnnounceOkPayload(msg, w);
+    case "announce_error":
+      return encodeAnnounceErrorPayload(msg, w);
+    case "unannounce":
+      return encodeUnannouncePayload(msg, w);
+    case "announce_cancel":
+      return encodeAnnounceCancelPayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe_namespace":
+      return encodeSubscribeNamespacePayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe_namespace_ok":
+      return encodeSubscribeNamespaceOkPayload(msg, w);
+    case "subscribe_namespace_error":
+      return encodeSubscribeNamespaceErrorPayload(msg, w);
+    case "unsubscribe_namespace":
+      return encodeUnsubscribeNamespacePayload(msg, w);
+    case "publish":
+      return encodePublishPayload(msg, w);
+    case "publish_ok":
+      return encodePublishOkPayload(msg, w);
+    case "publish_error":
+      return encodePublishErrorPayload(msg, w);
+    case "fetch":
+      return encodeFetchPayload(msg, w);
+    case "fetch_ok":
+      return encodeFetchOkPayload(msg, w);
+    case "fetch_error":
+      return encodeFetchErrorPayload(msg, w);
+    case "fetch_cancel":
+      return encodeFetchCancelPayload(msg, w);
+    case "track_status":
+      return encodeTrackStatusPayload(msg, w);
+    case "track_status_ok":
+      return encodeTrackStatusOkPayload(msg, w);
+    case "track_status_error":
+      return encodeTrackStatusErrorPayload(msg, w);
+    case "goaway":
+      return encodeGoAwayPayload(msg, w);
+    case "max_request_id":
+      return encodeMaxRequestIdPayload(msg, w);
+    case "requests_blocked":
+      return encodeRequestsBlockedPayload(msg, w);
+    default: {
+      const _exhaustive: never = msg;
+      throw new Error(`Unhandled message type: ${(_exhaustive as Draft13Message).type}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a draft-13 control message from bytes.
+ */
+export function decodeMessage(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<Draft13Message> {
+  try {
+    const reader = new BufferReader(bytes);
+    const typeId = reader.readVarInt();
+
+    let payloadLength: number;
+    if (VARINT_FRAMED_MESSAGES.has(typeId)) {
+      // PUBLISH family: varint length framing
+      payloadLength = Number(reader.readVarInt());
+    } else {
+      // All other messages: uint16 BE length framing
+      const lenHi = reader.readUint8();
+      const lenLo = reader.readUint8();
+      payloadLength = (lenHi << 8) | lenLo;
+    }
+
+    const payloadBytes = reader.readBytes(payloadLength);
+    const payloadReader = new BufferReader(payloadBytes);
+
+    const decoder = payloadDecoders.get(typeId);
+    if (!decoder) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: new DecodeError(
+          "UNKNOWN_MESSAGE_TYPE",
+          `Unknown message type ID: 0x${typeId.toString(16)}`,
+          0,
+        ),
+      };
+    }
+
+    const message = decoder(payloadReader);
+    return { ok: true, value: message, bytesRead: reader.offset };
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e };
+    throw e;
+  }
+}
+
+// ─── Data Stream Encoding/Decoding ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const FETCH_STREAM_TYPE = 0x05n;
+
+export function encodeSubgroupStream(stream: SubgroupStream): Uint8Array {
+  const w = new BufferWriter();
+  const typeId = stream.streamTypeId;
+  w.writeVarInt(BigInt(typeId));
+  w.writeVarInt(stream.trackAlias);
+  w.writeVarInt(stream.groupId);
+  if (typeId === 0x0c) w.writeVarInt(stream.subgroupId);
+  w.writeUint8(stream.publisherPriority);
+  for (const obj of stream.objects) {
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.objectId);
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.payloadLength);
+    if (obj.payloadLength === 0 && obj.status !== undefined) {
+      w.writeVarInt(obj.status);
+    } else {
+      w.writeBytes(obj.payload);
+    }
+  }
+  return w.finish();
+}
+
+export function encodeDatagram(dg: DatagramObject): Uint8Array {
+  const w = new BufferWriter();
+  w.writeVarInt(BigInt(dg.streamTypeId));
+  w.writeVarInt(dg.trackAlias);
+  w.writeVarInt(dg.groupId);
+  w.writeVarInt(dg.objectId);
+  w.writeUint8(dg.publisherPriority);
+  if (dg.streamTypeId === 0x02) {
+    w.writeVarInt(dg.objectStatus ?? 0n);
+  } else {
+    w.writeBytes(dg.payload);
+  }
+  return w.finish();
+}
+
+export function encodeFetchStream(stream: FetchStream): Uint8Array {
+  const w = new BufferWriter();
+  w.writeVarInt(FETCH_STREAM_TYPE);
+  w.writeVarInt(stream.requestId);
+  for (const obj of stream.objects) {
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.groupId);
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.subgroupId);
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.objectId);
+    w.writeUint8(obj.publisherPriority);
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.extensionHeadersLength);
+    w.writeVarInt(obj.payloadLength);
+    w.writeBytes(obj.payload);
+  }
+  return w.finish();
+}
+
+export function decodeSubgroupStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<SubgroupStream> {
+  try {
+    const r = new BufferReader(bytes);
+    const streamTypeId = Number(r.readVarInt());
+    if (streamTypeId !== 0x08 && streamTypeId !== 0x0c) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: new DecodeError(
+          "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
+          `Expected subgroup type 0x08 or 0x0C, got 0x${streamTypeId.toString(16)}`,
+          0,
+        ),
+      };
+    }
+    const trackAlias = r.readVarInt();
+    const groupId = r.readVarInt();
+    let subgroupId = 0n;
+    if (streamTypeId === 0x0c) subgroupId = r.readVarInt();
+    const publisherPriority = r.readUint8();
+    const objects: ObjectPayload[] = [];
+    while (r.remaining > 0) {
+      const objectId = r.readVarInt();
+      const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt());
+      let payload: Uint8Array;
+      let status: bigint | undefined;
+      if (payloadLength === 0) {
+        status = r.readVarInt();
+        payload = new Uint8Array(0);
+      } else {
+        payload = r.readBytes(payloadLength);
+      }
+      const obj: ObjectPayload = { type: "object", objectId, payloadLength, payload };
+      if (status !== undefined) (obj as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).status = status;
+      objects.push(obj);
+    }
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      value: {
+        type: "subgroup",
+        streamTypeId,
+        trackAlias,
+        groupId,
+        subgroupId,
+        publisherPriority,
+        objects,
+      },
+      bytesRead: r.offset,
+    };
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e };
+    throw e;
+  }
+}
+
+export function decodeDatagram(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<DatagramObject> {
+  try {
+    const r = new BufferReader(bytes);
+    const streamTypeId = Number(r.readVarInt());
+    if (streamTypeId !== 0x00 && streamTypeId !== 0x02) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: new DecodeError(
+          "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
+          `Expected datagram type 0x00 or 0x02, got 0x${streamTypeId.toString(16)}`,
+          0,
+        ),
+      };
+    }
+    const trackAlias = r.readVarInt();
+    const groupId = r.readVarInt();
+    const objectId = r.readVarInt();
+    const publisherPriority = r.readUint8();
+    let objectStatus: bigint | undefined;
+    let payload: Uint8Array;
+    if (streamTypeId === 0x02) {
+      objectStatus = r.readVarInt();
+      payload = new Uint8Array(0);
+    } else {
+      payload = r.readBytes(r.remaining);
+    }
+    const result: DatagramObject = {
+      type: "datagram",
+      streamTypeId,
+      trackAlias,
+      groupId,
+      objectId,
+      publisherPriority,
+      payloadLength: payload.byteLength,
+      payload,
+    };
+    if (objectStatus !== undefined)
+      (result as unknown as Record<string, unknown>).objectStatus = objectStatus;
+    return { ok: true, value: result, bytesRead: r.offset };
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e };
+    throw e;
+  }
+}
+
+export function decodeFetchStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<FetchStream> {
+  try {
+    const r = new BufferReader(bytes);
+    const streamType = r.readVarInt();
+    if (streamType !== FETCH_STREAM_TYPE) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: new DecodeError(
+          "CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION",
+          `Expected fetch type 0x05, got 0x${streamType.toString(16)}`,
+          0,
+        ),
+      };
+    }
+    const requestId = r.readVarInt();
+    const objects: FetchObjectPayload[] = [];
+    while (r.remaining > 0) {
+      const groupId = r.readVarInt();
+      const subgroupId = r.readVarInt();
+      const objectId = r.readVarInt();
+      const publisherPriority = r.readUint8();
+      const extensionHeadersLength = r.readVarInt();
+      if (extensionHeadersLength > 0n) r.readBytes(Number(extensionHeadersLength));
+      const payloadLength = Number(r.readVarInt());
+      const payload = payloadLength > 0 ? r.readBytes(payloadLength) : new Uint8Array(0);
+      objects.push({
+        type: "object",
+        groupId,
+        subgroupId,
+        objectId,
+        publisherPriority,
+        extensionHeadersLength,
+        payloadLength,
+        payload,
+      });
+    }
+    return { ok: true, value: { type: "fetch", requestId, objects }, bytesRead: r.offset };
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (e instanceof DecodeError) return { ok: false, error: e };
+    throw e;
+  }
+}
+
+export function decodeDataStream(
+  streamType: "subgroup" | "datagram" | "fetch",
+  bytes: Uint8Array,
+): DecodeResult<Draft13DataStream> {
+  switch (streamType) {
+    case "subgroup":
+      return decodeSubgroupStream(bytes);
+    case "datagram":
+      return decodeDatagram(bytes);
+    case "fetch":
+      return decodeFetchStream(bytes);
+    default: {
+      const _: never = streamType;
+      throw new Error(`Unknown: ${_}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function createStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft13Message> {
+  let buffer = new Uint8Array(0);
+  return new TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft13Message>({
+    transform(chunk, controller) {
+      const newBuffer = new Uint8Array(buffer.length + chunk.length);
+      newBuffer.set(buffer, 0);
+      newBuffer.set(chunk, buffer.length);
+      buffer = newBuffer;
+      while (buffer.length > 0) {
+        const result = decodeMessage(buffer);
+        if (!result.ok) {
+          if (result.error.code === "UNEXPECTED_END") break;
+          controller.error(result.error);
+          return;
+        }
+        controller.enqueue(result.value);
+        buffer = buffer.slice(result.bytesRead);
+      }
+    },
+    flush(controller) {
+      if (buffer.length > 0)
+        controller.error(new DecodeError("UNEXPECTED_END", "Stream ended with incomplete data", 0));
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+// ─── Codec Factory ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export interface Draft13Codec extends BaseCodec<Draft13Message> {
+  readonly draft: "draft-ietf-moq-transport-13";
+  encodeSubgroupStream(stream: SubgroupStream): Uint8Array;
+  encodeDatagram(dg: DatagramObject): Uint8Array;
+  encodeFetchStream(stream: FetchStream): Uint8Array;
+  decodeSubgroupStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<SubgroupStream>;
+  decodeDatagram(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<DatagramObject>;
+  decodeFetchStream(bytes: Uint8Array): DecodeResult<FetchStream>;
+  decodeDataStream(
+    streamType: "subgroup" | "datagram" | "fetch",
+    bytes: Uint8Array,
+  ): DecodeResult<Draft13DataStream>;
+  createStreamDecoder(): TransformStream<Uint8Array, Draft13Message>;
+}
+
+export function createDraft13Codec(): Draft13Codec {
+  return {
+    draft: "draft-ietf-moq-transport-13",
+    encodeMessage,
+    decodeMessage,
+    encodeSubgroupStream,
+    encodeDatagram,
+    encodeFetchStream,
+    decodeSubgroupStream,
+    decodeDatagram,
+    decodeFetchStream,
+    decodeDataStream,
+    createStreamDecoder,
+  };
+}