@moostjs/event-http 0.5.32 → 0.6.0

package/skills/moostjs-event-http/routing.md

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+# Routing & handlers — @moostjs/event-http
+
+> Defining HTTP routes, methods, parameters, wildcards, and handler return values.
+
+## Concepts
+
+Every HTTP endpoint is defined by a method decorator (`@Get`, `@Post`, etc.) on a controller method. The decorator specifies the HTTP method and optional path. Route parameters (`:param`), wildcards (`*`), and regex constraints provide flexible URL matching. Controllers group related handlers under a shared prefix.
+
+## API Reference
+
+### HTTP method decorators
+
+All imported from `@moostjs/event-http`:
+
+| Decorator | HTTP Method | Usage |
+|-----------|-------------|-------|
+| `@Get(path?)` | GET | `@Get('users/:id')` |
+| `@Post(path?)` | POST | `@Post('users')` |
+| `@Put(path?)` | PUT | `@Put('users/:id')` |
+| `@Delete(path?)` | DELETE | `@Delete('users/:id')` |
+| `@Patch(path?)` | PATCH | `@Patch('users/:id')` |
+| `@All(path?)` | All methods | `@All('proxy/*')` |
+| `@HttpMethod(method, path?)` | Any method | `@HttpMethod('OPTIONS', '')` |
+| `@Upgrade(path?)` | UPGRADE | `@Upgrade('/ws')` |
+
+```ts
+import { Get, Post, Put, Delete, Patch, All, HttpMethod, Upgrade } from '@moostjs/event-http'
+```
+
+### `@HttpMethod(method, path?)`
+
+The base decorator — all convenience decorators (`@Get`, `@Post`, etc.) call this internally.
+
+```ts
+@HttpMethod('HEAD', 'health')
+healthCheck() { /* HEAD /health */ }
+
+@HttpMethod('OPTIONS', '')
+cors() { /* OPTIONS / */ }
+```
+
+Valid methods: `'GET'`, `'PUT'`, `'POST'`, `'PATCH'`, `'DELETE'`, `'HEAD'`, `'OPTIONS'`, `'UPGRADE'`, `'*'`
+
+### `@Upgrade(path?)`
+
+Registers an UPGRADE route for WebSocket handshakes. Use with `@moostjs/event-ws`:
+
+```ts
+@Upgrade('/ws')
+handleUpgrade(ws: WooksWs) {
+  return ws.upgrade()
+}
+```
+
+### Route parameters — `@Param` and `@Params`
+
+Imported from `moost` (not from `@moostjs/event-http`):
+
+```ts
+import { Controller, Param, Params } from 'moost'
+import { Get } from '@moostjs/event-http'
+
+@Controller('users')
+class UserController {
+  @Get(':id')
+  find(@Param('id') id: string) {
+    return { id } // GET /users/123
+  }
+
+  @Get(':type/:type/:id')
+  getAsset(@Params() params: { type: string[], id: string }) {
+    return params
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Pattern: Path defaults
+
+```ts
+@Get()         // path = method name, e.g. GET /getUsers
+getUsers() {}
+
+@Get('')       // path = controller root, e.g. GET /
+root() {}
+
+@Get('list')   // explicit path, e.g. GET /list
+listItems() {}
+```
+
+### Pattern: Multiple parameters
+
+```ts
+// Slash-separated: /flights/SFO/LAX
+@Get('flights/:from/:to')
+getFlight(@Param('from') from: string, @Param('to') to: string) {}
+
+// Hyphen-separated: /dates/2024-01-15
+@Get('dates/:year-:month-:day')
+getDate(
+  @Param('year') year: string,
+  @Param('month') month: string,
+  @Param('day') day: string,
+) {}
+```
+
+### Pattern: Regex-constrained parameters
+
+```ts
+// Only matches two-digit hours and minutes: /time/09h30m
+@Get('time/:hours(\\d{2})h:minutes(\\d{2})m')
+getTime(@Param('hours') hours: string, @Param('minutes') minutes: string) {}
+```
+
+### Pattern: Repeated parameters (arrays)
+
+```ts
+// /rgb/255/128/0 -> color = ['255', '128', '0']
+@Get('rgb/:color/:color/:color')
+getRgb(@Param('color') color: string[]) {}
+```
+
+### Pattern: Wildcards
+
+```ts
+@Controller('static')
+class StaticController {
+  @Get('*')
+  handleAll(@Param('*') path: string) {}
+
+  @Get('*.js')
+  handleJS(@Param('*') name: string) {}
+
+  // Multiple wildcards -> array
+  @Get('*/test/*')
+  handleTest(@Param('*') paths: string[]) {}
+
+  // Regex on wildcard: only digits
+  @Get('*(\\d+)')
+  handleNumbers(@Param('*') path: string) {}
+}
+```
+
+### Pattern: Controller prefix
+
+```ts
+import { Controller } from 'moost'
+
+@Controller('api/v1/users')
+class UserController {
+  @Get('')     // GET /api/v1/users
+  list() {}
+
+  @Get(':id')  // GET /api/v1/users/123
+  find() {}
+}
+```
+
+### Pattern: Nested controllers
+
+```ts
+import { Controller, ImportController } from 'moost'
+
+@Controller('api')
+class ApiController {
+  @ImportController(() => UserController)
+  users!: UserController
+
+  @ImportController(() => ProductController)
+  products!: ProductController
+}
+// Routes: GET /api/users/..., GET /api/products/...
+```
+
+## Handler return values
+
+Whatever the handler returns becomes the response body:
+
+| Return type | Content-Type |
+|-------------|--------------|
+| `string` | `text/plain` |
+| object / array | `application/json` |
+| `ReadableStream` | streamed |
+| fetch `Response` | forwarded as-is |
+
+```ts
+@Get('text')
+getText() { return 'Hello!' }           // text/plain
+
+@Get('json')
+getJson() { return { message: 'Hi' } }  // application/json
+
+@Get('data')
+async getData() { return await fetchFromDb() }  // async works
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Use `@Get('')` (empty string) for the controller root path, not `@Get()` (which uses the method name)
+- Keep controller prefixes as REST resource names: `@Controller('users')`, `@Controller('products')`
+- Use `@Param` for individual route parameters, `@Params` when you need the full params object
+- Prefer convenience decorators (`@Get`, `@Post`) over `@HttpMethod` for standard methods
+
+## Gotchas
+
+- `@Get()` without arguments uses the **method name** as the path — this is rarely what you want
+- Route parameters are always strings — use pipes to transform to numbers/booleans
+- An explicit double slash `//` at the end of a path forces the URL to end with a trailing slash
+- Query parameters are not part of the route path — use `@Query()` to extract them