@moonbase-machines/c64 0.0.0-stage → 0.5.0

package/index.js

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+// @moonbase-machines/c64: A Commodore 64, every module by name, for one file (a bundle) or to take the
+// whole package at once: import { machine } from '@moonbase-machines/c64'. Each module can be imported
+// on its own too: '@moonbase-machines/c64/<module>.js'.
+export * as basicCompile from './basic-compile.js';
+export * as basicList from './basic-list.js';
+export * as basicLang from './basic-lang.js';
+export * as basicRom from './basic-rom.js';
+export * as basic from './basic.js';
+export * as browser from './browser.js';
+export * as d64 from './d64.js';
+export * as drive from './drive.js';
+export * as editor from './editor.js';
+export * as float from './float.js';
+export * as glyphHash from './glyph-hash.js';
+export * as glyphHashes from './glyph-hashes.js';
+export * as kernal from './kernal.js';
+export * as keys from './keys.js';
+export * as machine from './machine.js';
+export * as numbers from './numbers.js';
+export * as paint from './paint.js';
+export * as petscii from './petscii.js';
+export * as printer from './printer.js';
+export * as rom from './rom.js';
+export * as saves from './saves.js';
+export * as sid from './sid.js';
+export * as start from './start.js';
+export * as vic from './vic.js';

package/kernal.js

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+// The Commodore 64's KERNAL as far as Zoopak calls it, in JavaScript, at the addresses it calls
+// it: the remake's counterpart of @moonbase-machines/apple2e/rom.js, without Commodore's ROM. Each routine
+// takes what the KERNAL took in the registers and the zero page, and leaves what it left there.
+//
+//   install({ cpu, read, write, drive, loaded, call, log })
+//     cpu      a stand-in for the processor: its registers, and `hooks`, which this fills
+//     read, write   memory as the processor sees it, the I/O page at $D000 by the 6510's port
+//     drive    the serial bus (printer.js `bus`): a 1541 (drive.js), its files by
+//              name, its command channel and its memory, and a printer, device 4, if it is on
+//     loaded   told of each LOAD: the name, and where the file went
+//     call     runs the game's own code at an address, to its return: a routine the KERNAL calls
+//              through a vector the game has pointed at it (Tell-A-Tale's keyboard decode)
+//     held     the key held down on the page, as the keyboard's matrix shows it to the KERNAL's
+//              scan ({ code, shift }, matrixOf), or none
+//
+// Text out (CHROUT) is the screen editor's part the games use: a character at the cursor, in the
+// colour at $0286 and reversed while $C7 says so; RETURN, CLR and HOME, the cursor keys, RVS ON
+// and OFF, DEL, the colours and the two character sets. A control code it has no use for is
+// nothing, as on the machine. The screen is where $0288 says, the colours at $D800.
+import { editor } from './editor.js';
+
+export const VIC = [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9b, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
+  0x14, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x4c];   // $D000 to $D02E, as CINT sets them
+export const VECTORS = [0xea31, 0xfe66, 0xfe47, 0xf34a, 0xf291, 0xf20e, 0xf250, 0xf333, 0xf157, 0xf1ca, 0xf6ed, 0xf13e, 0xf32f, 0xfe66, 0xf4a5, 0xf5ed];   // $0314 on, as RESTOR puts them
+const COLOURS = { 0x90: 0, 0x05: 1, 0x1c: 2, 0x9f: 3, 0x9c: 4, 0x1e: 5, 0x1f: 6, 0x9e: 7, 0x81: 8, 0x95: 9, 0x96: 10, 0x97: 11, 0x98: 12, 0x99: 13, 0x9a: 14, 0x9b: 15 };
+
+// a PETSCII character as the screen code that shows it
+export function screenCode(p) {
+  if (p >= 0x20 && p < 0x40) return p;
+  if (p >= 0x40 && p < 0x60) return p - 0x40;
+  if (p >= 0x60 && p < 0x80) return p - 0x20;
+  if (p >= 0xa0 && p < 0xc0) return p - 0x40;
+  if (p >= 0xc0 && p < 0xff) return p - 0x80;
+  return p === 0xff ? 0x5e : 0x20;
+}
+
+// The KERNAL's keyboard tables, which a game reads in the ROM: where each of the four is ($EB79:
+// unshifted, shifted, Commodore key, CTRL), the character of each key of the keyboard's matrix
+// unshifted (Find Me looks a character up in it, for the key to hold down), shifted (BASIC
+// typed with the shift keys), with the Commodore key (the keycaps' left graphics) and with CTRL
+// (the colours, RVS ON and OFF, and the control codes). `kernalByte` gives the byte at an address
+// of the ROM, or undefined where it is not these. (They are the ROM's own bytes.)
+const UNSHIFTED = [
+  0x14, 0x0d, 0x1d, 0x88, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x11,   // DEL, RETURN, cursor right, F7, F1, F3, F5, cursor down
+  0x33, 0x57, 0x41, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x53, 0x45, 0x01,   // 3 W A 4 Z S E, left shift
+  0x35, 0x52, 0x44, 0x36, 0x43, 0x46, 0x54, 0x58,   // 5 R D 6 C F T X
+  0x37, 0x59, 0x47, 0x38, 0x42, 0x48, 0x55, 0x56,   // 7 Y G 8 B H U V
+  0x39, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x30, 0x4d, 0x4b, 0x4f, 0x4e,   // 9 I J 0 M K O N
+  0x2b, 0x50, 0x4c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x3a, 0x40, 0x2c,   // + P L - . : @ ,
+  0x5c, 0x2a, 0x3b, 0x13, 0x01, 0x3d, 0x5e, 0x2f,   // pound * ; HOME, right shift, = up-arrow /
+  0x31, 0x5f, 0x04, 0x32, 0x20, 0x02, 0x51, 0x03,   // 1, left arrow, CTRL, 2, space, Commodore key, Q, RUN/STOP
+];
+// and with a shift key down: the second character of each key, a letter's graphic
+const SHIFTED = [
+  0x94, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x8c, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x91,   // INST, shift RETURN, cursor left, F8, F2, F4, F6, cursor up
+  0x23, 0xd7, 0xc1, 0x24, 0xda, 0xd3, 0xc5, 0x01,   // # and the graphics of W A, $, Z S E, left shift
+  0x25, 0xd2, 0xc4, 0x26, 0xc3, 0xc6, 0xd4, 0xd8,   // % R D & C F T X
+  0x27, 0xd9, 0xc7, 0x28, 0xc2, 0xc8, 0xd5, 0xd6,   // ' Y G ( B H U V
+  0x29, 0xc9, 0xca, 0x30, 0xcd, 0xcb, 0xcf, 0xce,   // ) I J 0 M K O N
+  0xdb, 0xd0, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0x3e, 0x5b, 0xba, 0x3c,   // + P L - > [ @ <
+  0xa9, 0xc0, 0x5d, 0x93, 0x01, 0x3d, 0xde, 0x3f,   // pound * ] CLR, right shift, = pi ?
+  0x21, 0x5f, 0x04, 0x22, 0xa0, 0x02, 0xd1, 0x83,   // ! left arrow, CTRL, " shift space, Commodore key, Q, LOAD and RUN
+];
+// with the Commodore key down: a letter's other graphic, the left one on its keycap; the digits
+// 1 to 8 the second eight colours
+const COMMODORE = [
+  0x94, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x8c, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x91,   // INST, shift RETURN, cursor left, F8, F2, F4, F6, cursor up
+  0x96, 0xb3, 0xb0, 0x97, 0xad, 0xae, 0xb1, 0x01,   // light red, the graphics of W A, dark grey, Z S E, left shift
+  0x98, 0xb2, 0xac, 0x99, 0xbc, 0xbb, 0xa3, 0xbd,   // grey, R D, light green, C F T X
+  0x9a, 0xb7, 0xa5, 0x9b, 0xbf, 0xb4, 0xb8, 0xbe,   // light blue, Y G, light grey, B H U V
+  0x29, 0xa2, 0xb5, 0x30, 0xa7, 0xa1, 0xb9, 0xaa,   // ) I J 0 M K O N
+  0xa6, 0xaf, 0xb6, 0xdc, 0x3e, 0x5b, 0xa4, 0x3c,   // + P L - > [ @ <
+  0xa8, 0xdf, 0x5d, 0x93, 0x01, 0x3d, 0xde, 0x3f,   // pound * ] CLR, right shift, = pi ?
+  0x81, 0x5f, 0x04, 0x95, 0xa0, 0x02, 0xab, 0x83,   // orange, left arrow, CTRL, brown, shift space, Commodore key, Q, LOAD and RUN
+];
+// with CTRL down: the digits 1 to 8 the first eight colours, 9 and 0 RVS ON and OFF, the letters
+// their control codes (A 1 to Z 26); $FF where a key gives nothing
+const CTRL = [
+  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,   // DEL, RETURN, cursor right, F7, F1, F3, F5, cursor down: nothing
+  0x1c, 0x17, 0x01, 0x9f, 0x1a, 0x13, 0x05, 0xff,   // red, W A, cyan, Z S, white (E), left shift
+  0x9c, 0x12, 0x04, 0x1e, 0x03, 0x06, 0x14, 0x18,   // purple, R (RVS ON) D, green, C F T X
+  0x1f, 0x19, 0x07, 0x9e, 0x02, 0x08, 0x15, 0x16,   // blue, Y G, yellow, B H U V
+  0x12, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x92, 0x0d, 0x0b, 0x0f, 0x0e,   // RVS ON (9), I J, RVS OFF (0), M K O N
+  0xff, 0x10, 0x0c, 0xff, 0xff, 0x1b, 0x00, 0xff,   // + P L - . : @ ,
+  0x1c, 0xff, 0x1d, 0xff, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x1e, 0xff,   // pound * ; HOME, right shift, = up-arrow /
+  0x90, 0x06, 0xff, 0x05, 0xff, 0xff, 0x11, 0xff,   // black (1), left arrow, CTRL, white (2), space, Commodore key, Q, RUN/STOP
+];
+const DECODE = [UNSHIFTED, SHIFTED, COMMODORE, CTRL];   // the tables at $EB81, $EBC2, $EC03 and $EC78
+const TABLES = [0xeb81, 0xebc2, 0xec03, 0xec78];
+export const KEY_TABLES = [0xeb79, 0xecb9];   // the addresses they take, the four and where they are
+export function kernalByte(at) {
+  if (at >= 0xeb79 && at < 0xeb81) return TABLES[(at - 0xeb79) >> 1] >> ((at & 1) ? 0 : 8) & 0xff;
+  const t = TABLES.findIndex(f => at >= f && at <= f + 0x40), code = at - TABLES[t];
+  const v = t < 0 ? undefined : code === 0x40 ? 0xff : DECODE[t][code];
+  if (v === undefined && at >= KEY_TABLES[0] && at < KEY_TABLES[1]) throw new Error(`the KERNAL's byte at $${at.toString(16).toUpperCase()}: not handled`);
+  return v;
+}
+
+// A character as the key of the matrix that types it, and the shift with it: the cursor keys,
+// RETURN, DEL and the keys of the unshifted table; or null (a character typed only into the buffer)
+export function matrixOf(p) {
+  const shifted = { 0x9d: 2, 0x91: 7 };
+  if (shifted[p] !== undefined) return { code: shifted[p], shift: 1 };
+  const code = UNSHIFTED.indexOf(p);
+  return code < 0 || [0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04].includes(p) ? null : { code, shift: 0 };
+}
+
+export function install({ cpu: c, read, write, drive, loaded = () => {}, call, held = () => null, log = () => {} }) {
+  const z = a => read(a), zw = (a, v) => write(a, v & 0xff);
+  // the screen editor, as the KERNAL's (editor.js): CHROUT's characters for the screen,
+  // the screen cleared, the pointers set; its scroll reads the keyboard's CTRL row as the KERNAL's does
+  const ed = editor({ read, write, keyRow: column => { write(0xdc00, column); const v = read(0xdc01); write(0xdc00, 0x7f); return v; } });
+  const chrout = ch => ed.chrout(ch), clear = () => ed.clear();
+  let typing = false;
+  const status = v => zw(0x90, v);
+  // Files, as the KERNAL keeps them: a table of up to ten, each its logical number ($0259), its
+  // device ($0263) and its secondary address ($026D), how many at $98; the input's device at $99
+  // and the output's at $9A. Device 8 is the drive, through the bus; the keyboard (0) and the
+  // screen (3) are the KERNAL's own. Any other device on the bus (4 on) is not there: its LISTEN
+  // or TALK leaves the status $80, DEVICE NOT PRESENT, and CHKOUT or CHKIN to it fails (5) and
+  // leaves the output on the screen, as Goldfields' check for a printer finds ($3EB3).
+  const files = () => z(0x98), entry = la => { for (let k = 0; k < files(); k++) if (z(0x259 + k) === la) return k; return -1; };
+  const open = () => {
+    const la = z(0xb8), fa = z(0xba), sa = z(0xb9);
+    if (entry(la) >= 0) { c.a = 2; c.c = 1; return; }   // FILE OPEN
+    if (files() >= 10) { c.a = 1; c.c = 1; return; }    // TOO MANY FILES
+    const k = files(); zw(0x259 + k, la); zw(0x263 + k, fa); zw(0x26d + k, sa | 0x60); zw(0x98, k + 1);
+    if (fa >= 4) {
+      status(0);
+      if (z(0xb7)) {
+        if (!drive.listen(fa)) { status(0x80); c.a = 5; c.c = 1; return; }
+        drive.second((sa | 0x60) | 0xf0); const at = z(0xbb) | z(0xbc) << 8; for (let i = 0; i < z(0xb7); i++) drive.ciout(read(at + i)); drive.unlsn();
+      }
+    }
+    c.c = 0;
+  };
+  const close = () => {
+    const k = entry(c.a); if (k < 0) { c.c = 0; return; }
+    const fa = z(0x263 + k), sa = z(0x26d + k);
+    if (fa >= 4) { const there = drive.listen(fa); status(there ? 0 : 0x80); if (there) { drive.second((sa & 0xef) | 0xe0); drive.unlsn(); } }
+    for (let i = k; i < files() - 1; i++) { zw(0x259 + i, z(0x25a + i)); zw(0x263 + i, z(0x264 + i)); zw(0x26d + i, z(0x26e + i)); }
+    zw(0x98, files() - 1); c.c = 0;
+  };
+  const channel = output => {
+    const k = entry(c.x); if (k < 0) { c.a = 3; c.c = 1; return; }   // FILE NOT OPEN
+    const fa = z(0x263 + k), sa = z(0x26d + k);
+    if (fa >= 4) {
+      const there = output ? drive.listen(fa) : drive.talk(fa); status(there ? 0 : 0x80);
+      if (!there) { c.a = 5; c.c = 1; return; }
+      if (output) drive.second(sa); else drive.tksa(sa);
+    }
+    zw(output ? 0x9a : 0x99, fa); c.c = 0;
+  };
+  const clrchn = () => { if (z(0x9a) >= 4) drive.unlsn(); if (z(0x99) >= 4) drive.untlk(); zw(0x9a, 3); zw(0x99, 0); };
+  const hooks = {
+    0xffd2: () => { if (z(0x9a) >= 4) drive.ciout(c.a); else chrout(c.a); c.c = 0; },   // CHROUT: to the screen, or a device on the bus (the drive's file, the printer)
+    0xffc0: open, 0xffc3: close, 0xffc6: () => channel(false), 0xffc9: () => channel(true),   // OPEN, CLOSE, CHKIN, CHKOUT
+    0xffe7: () => { clrchn(); zw(0x98, 0); },                                      // CLALL
+    // CHRIN: from the keyboard, the line typed, a character a call (the screen editor's, its
+    // place begun once a call and not again while it waits for keys: `typing`); else a byte from
+    // the file on the drive, its status as it ends (none read once it is set: CHKIN clears it)
+    0xffcf: () => {
+      if (z(0x99) === 0) {
+        if (!typing) { ed.begin(); typing = true; }
+        const ch = ed.input();
+        if (ch === null) return 'wait';
+        typing = false; c.a = ch; c.c = 0; return;
+      }
+      if (z(0x99) !== 8) throw new Error('CHRIN from device ' + z(0x99) + ': not handled');
+      // ($F1AD) with the status already set, a RETURN and no read; else ACPTR's byte
+      if (z(0x90)) { c.a = 0x0d; c.c = 0; return; }
+      const r = drive.acptr(); if (r) { c.a = r.byte; if (r.eoi) status(z(0x90) | 0x40); } else { c.a = 0x0d; status(z(0x90) | 0x42); } c.c = 0;
+    },
+    0xfff0: () => { if (c.c) { c.x = z(0xd6); c.y = z(0xd3); } else { zw(0xd6, c.x); zw(0xd3, c.y); ed.setLine(); } },   // PLOT
+    0xffcc: clrchn, 0xff90: () => { zw(0x9d, c.a); },                              // CLRCHN, SETMSG
+    0xffe1: () => { c.z = 0; },                                                    // STOP: not pressed
+    0xffb7: () => { c.a = z(0x90); c.nz(c.a); },                                   // READST
+    0xffba: () => { zw(0xb8, c.a); zw(0xba, c.x); zw(0xb9, c.y); },                // SETLFS
+    0xffbd: () => { zw(0xb7, c.a); zw(0xbb, c.x); zw(0xbc, c.y); },                // SETNAM
+    // LOAD: the file the name says from device 8, where it says or at X and Y; the end in X and Y
+    0xffd5: () => {
+      const n = z(0xb7), from = z(0xbb) | z(0xbc) << 8, name = Uint8Array.from({ length: n }, (_, i) => z(from + i)), sa = z(0xb9);
+      const raw = z(0xba) === 8 ? drive.load(name) : null;
+      if (!raw || raw.length < 2 || c.a !== 0) { c.a = raw ? 4 : 4; c.c = 1; status(0x42); log('LOAD', String.fromCharCode(...name), 'not found'); return; }
+      const at = sa === 0 ? c.x | c.y << 8 : raw[0] | raw[1] << 8, body = raw.subarray(2);
+      for (let i = 0; i < body.length; i++) write(at + i, body[i]);
+      const end = at + body.length;
+      zw(0xae, end); zw(0xaf, end >> 8); status(0); c.x = end & 0xff; c.y = end >> 8; c.c = 0; c.a = 0;
+      loaded(String.fromCharCode(...name), at, end - 1);
+    },
+    // SAVE: from the address in the zero page at A to the one in X and Y
+    0xffd8: () => {
+      const n = z(0xb7), at = z(0xbb) | z(0xbc) << 8, name = Uint8Array.from({ length: n }, (_, i) => z(at + i));
+      const from = z(c.a) | z(c.a + 1) << 8, to = c.x | c.y << 8, body = new Uint8Array(to - from + 2);
+      body[0] = from & 0xff; body[1] = from >> 8; for (let i = from; i < to; i++) body[i - from + 2] = read(i);
+      drive.save(name, body); c.c = 0; c.a = 0;
+    },
+    // the serial bus, answered by the drive as the machine's hooks answer it
+    0xffb1: () => status(drive.listen(c.a) ? 0 : 0x80), 0xffb4: () => status(drive.talk(c.a) ? 0 : 0x80),
+    0xff93: () => drive.second(c.a), 0xff96: () => drive.tksa(c.a), 0xffa8: () => drive.ciout(c.a),
+    0xffae: () => drive.unlsn(), 0xffab: () => drive.untlk(),
+    0xffa5: () => { const r = drive.acptr(); if (r) { c.a = r.byte; if (r.eoi) status(z(0x90) | 0x40); } else { c.a = 0x0d; status(z(0x90) | 0x42); } c.c = 0; },
+    // the clock at $A0 to $A2, which only the interrupt moves (UDTIM, a sixtieth of a second, and
+    // round again after 24 hours), and the keyboard's row with STOP, read as it moves: no key
+    0xffdb: () => { zw(0xa2, c.a); zw(0xa1, c.x); zw(0xa0, c.y); }, 0xffde: () => { c.a = z(0xa2); c.x = z(0xa1); c.y = z(0xa0); },
+    0xffea: () => {
+      let t = (z(0xa0) << 16 | z(0xa1) << 8 | z(0xa2)) + 1;
+      if (t >= 0x4f1a01) t = 0;
+      zw(0xa0, t >> 16); zw(0xa1, t >> 8); zw(0xa2, t); zw(0x91, read(0xdc01));
+    },
+    // CINT, as MENU calls it within the ROM ($FF5B): the VIC set up, the screen cleared
+    0xff5b: () => { VIC.forEach((v, i) => write(0xd000 + i, v)); zw(0x286, z(0x286) || 14); zw(0x288, z(0x288) || 4); zw(0xc7, 0); clear(); },
+    // RESTOR ($FD15): the KERNAL's vectors back to its own
+    0xfd15: () => VECTORS.forEach((v, i) => { zw(0x314 + 2 * i, v); zw(0x315 + 2 * i, v >> 8); }),
+  };
+  // The keyboard read (SCNKEY, $EA87), from the key it found down: its code in the matrix at $CB
+  // and the shift keys at $028D, as the KERNAL's decode takes them on from $EADD (where MENU's
+  // interrupt sends a cursor key it holds down for the joystick or the last key, $02). The key
+  // goes into the buffer when it is new, or held long enough to repeat (the cursor keys, space
+  // and DEL repeat, after 16 interrupts and then every 4). A key held on the page is down in the
+  // matrix (`held`); keys typed by a program go into the buffer, as the machine's typing does
+  // (machine.js).
+  // (or the game's own decode, where it has pointed $028F)
+  const decode = () => {
+    const own = z(0x28f) | z(0x290) << 8;
+    if (own !== 0xeb48) { call(own); return; }
+    const code = z(0xcb), shift = z(0x28d);
+    // (the table as the KERNAL's decode chooses it, $EB48: SHIFT the shifted, the Commodore key its
+    // own, CTRL with or without the others CTRL's; the Commodore key and SHIFT together switch the
+    // character set, once a press, unless $0291 locks it, and decode with the table before)
+    let table;
+    if (shift === 3) { switchSets(shift); table = Math.max(0, TABLES.indexOf(z(0xf5) | z(0xf6) << 8)); }
+    else { table = shift * 2 >= 8 ? 3 : shift; zw(0xf5, TABLES[table]); zw(0xf6, TABLES[table] >> 8); }
+    const key = code === 0x40 ? 0xff : DECODE[table][code];
+    const put = () => {
+      zw(0xc5, code); zw(0x28e, shift);
+      if (key !== 0xff && z(0xc6) < z(0x289)) { zw(0x277 + z(0xc6), key); zw(0xc6, z(0xc6) + 1); }
+    };
+    if (code !== z(0xc5)) { zw(0x28c, 0x10); put(); return; }   // a new key: in at once, its repeat 16 interrupts on
+    const k = key & 0x7f, mode = z(0x28a);
+    if (!(mode & 0x80)) {                                        // only these keys repeat, unless all do ($028A)
+      if (mode & 0x40) return;                                   // (or none)
+      if (k === 0x7f) { put(); return; }
+      if (![0x14, 0x20, 0x1d, 0x11].includes(k)) return;
+    }
+    if (z(0x28c)) { zw(0x28c, z(0x28c) - 1); if (z(0x28c)) return; }
+    zw(0x28b, z(0x28b) - 1); if (z(0x28b)) return;
+    zw(0x28b, 4);
+    if (z(0xc6)) return;                                         // a repeat only into an empty buffer
+    put();
+  };
+  // the scan: the key held down, decoded; or none (keys typed by a program come only through the
+  // buffer), which goes past the decode and its vector, and only notes that none is down
+  const scnkey = () => {
+    const h = held(), shift = h?.shift ?? 0; zw(0x28d, shift); zw(0xcb, h?.code ?? 0x40);
+    if (h && h.code !== null) decode(); else { switchSets(shift); zw(0xc5, 0x40); zw(0x28e, shift); }
+  };
+  // the Commodore key and SHIFT pressed together: the other character set, as $D018 has it
+  const switchSets = shift => { if (shift === 3 && z(0x28e) !== 3 && !(z(0x291) & 0x80)) write(0xd018, read(0xd018) ^ 2); };
+  hooks[0xeadd] = decode;
+  // The interrupt's own routine ($EA31, where $0314 points first): the clock, the cursor's blink
+  // (only while BASIC takes a line: $CC is 0), the cassette's motor off, the keyboard; and its end,
+  // which a game's own routine goes on to: $EA7B the keyboard read, $EA7E the CIA's interrupt
+  // answered, $EA81 the registers back and RTI, which are the remake's to put back
+  // ($EA34 the same without the clock, where Goldfields' boot points $0314 while it loads)
+  hooks[0xea31] = () => { hooks[0xffea](); hooks[0xea34](); };
+  hooks[0xea34] = () => {
+    // the cursor's blink, while $CC is 0: every 20 interrupts ($CD) the character at the cursor
+    // reversed, it and its colour kept ($CE, $0287) while it is ($CF), and put back after
+    if (!z(0xcc)) {
+      zw(0xcd, z(0xcd) - 1);
+      if (!z(0xcd)) {
+        zw(0xcd, 20);
+        const y = z(0xd3), at = (z(0xd1) | z(0xd2) << 8) + y, colour = 0xd800 + ((z(0xd1) | z(0xd2) << 8) & 0x3ff) + y;
+        const was = z(0xcf) & 1; zw(0xcf, z(0xcf) >> 1);
+        let x = z(0x287), a = read(at);
+        if (!was) { zw(0xcf, z(0xcf) + 1); zw(0xce, a); zw(0x287, read(colour)); x = z(0x286); a = z(0xce); }
+        write(at, a ^ 0x80); write(colour, x);
+      }
+    }
+    if (z(1) & 0x10) { zw(0xc0, 0); zw(1, z(1) | 0x20); } else if (!z(0xc0)) zw(1, z(1) & 0x1f);
+    scnkey();
+  };
+  hooks[0xea7b] = scnkey;
+  for (const a of [0xea7e, 0xea81]) hooks[a] = () => {};
+  // Two of BASIC's routines, which Tell-A-Tale calls to write a number: a whole number in $62 and
+  // $63 into the floating point accumulator (FLOATC, $BC49, X the exponent: $90 for 16 bits, C set
+  // for positive), and the accumulator as text (FOUT, entered at $BDDF): its sign at $00FF+Y (Y as
+  // FLOATC leaves it, 0), its digits after, a 0 at the end, and its address in A and Y. Another
+  // number than a whole one is not handled: it stops the remake.
+  hooks[0xbc49] = () => {
+    if (c.x !== 0x90 || !c.c) throw new Error('FLOATC with another exponent or sign: not handled');
+    let mant = z(0x62) << 24 | z(0x63) << 16, exp = c.x;
+    if (!mant) exp = 0; else while (!(mant & 0x80000000)) { mant = (mant << 1) >>> 0; exp--; }
+    zw(0x61, exp); zw(0x62, mant >>> 24); zw(0x63, mant >>> 16); zw(0x64, 0); zw(0x65, 0); zw(0x66, 0); zw(0x70, 0); c.y = 0;
+  };
+  hooks[0xbddf] = () => {
+    const exp = z(0x61), mant = (z(0x62) << 24 | z(0x63) << 16 | z(0x64) << 8 | z(0x65)) >>> 0, shift = 0xa0 - exp;
+    if (exp && (shift < 0 || shift > 32 || mant % 2 ** shift)) throw new Error('FOUT of a number not whole: not handled');
+    const n = exp ? mant / 2 ** shift : 0, sign = z(0x66) & 0x80 ? 0x2d : 0x20, text = String(n);
+    write(0xff + c.y, sign); zw(0x66, sign);
+    for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) write(0x100 + c.y + i, text.charCodeAt(i));
+    write(0x100 + c.y + text.length, 0);
+    c.a = 0x00; c.y = 0x01; c.x = 0;
+  };
+  // two of OPEN's and CLOSE's own steps for a file on the drive, which MENU's fast loader calls
+  // within the ROM: the secondary address and name sent ($F3D5), and the file closed ($F642)
+  hooks[0xf3d5] = () => {
+    if (z(0xb9) & 0x80 || !z(0xb7)) { c.c = 0; return; }
+    status(drive.listen(z(0xba)) ? 0 : 0x80); drive.second(z(0xb9) | 0xf0);
+    const at = z(0xbb) | z(0xbc) << 8; for (let i = 0; i < z(0xb7); i++) drive.ciout(z(at + i));
+    drive.unlsn(); c.c = z(0x90) & 0x80 ? 1 : 0;
+  };
+  hooks[0xf642] = () => { if (z(0xb9) & 0x80) return; const there = drive.listen(z(0xba)); status(there ? 0 : 0x80); if (there) { drive.second((z(0xb9) & 0xef) | 0xe0); drive.unlsn(); } c.c = 0; };
+  // and the routines the vectors lead to, which a game's own routine hands on to (MENU's CHROUT
+  // ends JMP $F1CA): the same
+  Object.assign(hooks, { 0xf1ca: hooks[0xffd2], 0xf4a5: hooks[0xffd5], 0xf5ed: hooks[0xffd8] });
+  for (const [a, f] of Object.entries(hooks)) c.hooks.set(+a, f);
+}

package/keys.js

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// The browser's keys as the C64's keyboard matrix, column then row, and the joystick in port 2
+// on the arrow keys with the fire button on the left control key or shift.
+export const MATRIX = {
+  Backspace: [0, 0], Delete: [0, 0], Enter: [0, 1], F7: [0, 3], F1: [0, 4], F3: [0, 5], F5: [0, 6],
+  '3': [1, 0], w: [1, 1], a: [1, 2], '4': [1, 3], z: [1, 4], s: [1, 5], e: [1, 6],
+  '5': [2, 0], r: [2, 1], d: [2, 2], '6': [2, 3], c: [2, 4], f: [2, 5], t: [2, 6], x: [2, 7],
+  '7': [3, 0], y: [3, 1], g: [3, 2], '8': [3, 3], b: [3, 4], h: [3, 5], u: [3, 6], v: [3, 7],
+  '9': [4, 0], i: [4, 1], j: [4, 2], '0': [4, 3], m: [4, 4], k: [4, 5], o: [4, 6], n: [4, 7],
+  '+': [5, 0], p: [5, 1], l: [5, 2], '-': [5, 3], '.': [5, 4], ':': [5, 5], '@': [5, 6], ',': [5, 7],
+  '£': [6, 0], '*': [6, 1], ';': [6, 2], Home: [6, 3], '=': [6, 5], '^': [6, 6], '/': [6, 7],
+  '1': [7, 0], _: [7, 1], '2': [7, 3], ' ': [7, 4], q: [7, 6], Escape: [7, 7],
+};
+// keys that need shift on the C64: the shifted character (or function key) and its unshifted key
+export const SHIFTED = { '!': '1', '"': '2', '#': '3', '$': '4', '%': '5', '&': '6', "'": '7', '(': '8', ')': '9', '?': '/', '<': ',', '>': '.', '[': ':', ']': ';',
+  F2: 'F1', F4: 'F3', F6: 'F5', F8: 'F7' };   // (F2, F4, F6 and F8 are shift with F1, F3, F5 and F7 on the 64)
+// the C64's own modifier keys, where VICE puts them: Control the Commodore key (and the
+// joystick's fire too), Tab CTRL
+export const MODIFIERS = { Control: [7, 5], Tab: [7, 2] };
+export const JOYSTICK = { ArrowUp: 1, ArrowDown: 2, ArrowLeft: 4, ArrowRight: 8, Control: 16, Shift: 16, Alt: 16 };
+// the arrow keys are also the cursor keys: down and right, and with shift, up and left
+export const CURSOR = { ArrowDown: [0, 7, 0], ArrowRight: [0, 2, 0], ArrowUp: [0, 7, 1], ArrowLeft: [0, 2, 1] };

package/machine.js

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// A Commodore 64, as far as the games use it: 64K of RAM with the KERNAL, BASIC and character
+// ROMs banked over it by the 6510's port, the VIC-II's text and bitmap modes and sprites drawn
+// a raster line at a time, its raster interrupt, the two CIAs' timers and the keyboard and
+// joystick through the first, the SID's registers, and the 1541 in drive.js, answered when the
+// KERNAL is asked to load or save and at the KERNAL's serial bus routines, so that the games'
+// own talking to the drive works too. PAL: 312 lines of 63 cycles, 985,248 cycles a second.
+import { CPU } from '@moonbase-machines/mos6502/cpu.js';
+import { VIC } from './vic.js';
+import { Drive } from './drive.js';
+import { Printer, bus } from './printer.js';
+import { install as standIn } from './rom.js';
+
+const LINES = 312, CYCLES_PER_LINE = 63, DISPLAY_START = 15;   // (the cycle of a line its first character is fetched at)
+
+export class C64 {
+  constructor(game, roms, { log = () => {}, printer = new Printer({ on: false }) } = {}) {
+    this.game = game; this.log = log;
+    this.ram = new Uint8Array(0x10000);
+    this.kernal = roms.kernal; this.basic = roms.basic; this.chargen = roms.chargen;
+    this.color = new Uint8Array(0x400);
+    this.port = 0x37; this.portDir = 0x2f;
+    this.cia1 = new CIA(); this.cia2 = new CIA();
+    this.sid = new Uint8Array(0x20); this.sidWrites = [];   // [cycle, register, value] since the last frame
+    this.vic = new VIC(this);
+    this.keys = new Uint8Array(8);   // the keyboard matrix, a bit a key, set while held
+    this.joystick = 0;   // port 2: up 1, down 2, left 4, right 8, fire 16
+    this.drive = new Drive(Uint8Array.from(atob(game.image), c => c.charCodeAt(0)));
+    this.printer = printer;   // device 4, on the bus if switched on (printer.js)
+    this.halted = false; this.frame = 0; this.line = 0;
+    this.cpu = new CPU(this, { nmos: true, writeBack: true });   // the 6510 is an NMOS 6502, undocumented NOPs and all, and its read-modify-writes write twice
+    // the KERNAL's LOAD, once the name and device are set, and its SAVE; on Commodore's ROMs with
+    // their vectors ($0330, $0332) as the KERNAL sets them, its own code instead, on the bus
+    // below: its messages (SEARCHING FOR, LOADING, VERIFYING, SAVING) and VERIFY as it does them.
+    // A game's own loader at the vector (Zoopak's) is answered here.
+    const own = (vector, at) => !roms.standIn && this.read16(vector) === at;
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xf49e, () => own(0x330, 0xf4a5) ? false : this.load());
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xf5dd, () => own(0x332, 0xf5ed) ? false : this.save());
+    // the serial bus, at the routines the KERNAL's jump table leads to; the status at $90 says
+    // whether the device answered, and bit 6 marks the last byte of a file
+    const d = this.bus = bus(this.drive, this.printer), st = this.ram;
+    // (a device not there adds DEVICE NOT PRESENT to the status, as the KERNAL's $FE1C does; one
+    // that answers leaves it as it was: a VERIFY's mismatch, bit 4, kept through the CLOSE after)
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xed0c, c => { if (!d.listen(c.a)) st[0x90] |= 0x80; return true; });
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xed09, c => { if (!d.talk(c.a)) st[0x90] |= 0x80; return true; });
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xedb9, c => { d.second(c.a); return true; });
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xedc7, c => { d.tksa(c.a); return true; });
+    // (CIOUT ends CLC, as Commodore's does: BASIC's CHROUT, $E10C, takes a carry set as an error)
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xeddd, c => { d.ciout(c.a); c.c = 0; return true; });
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xedfe, () => { d.unlsn(); return true; });
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xedef, () => { d.untlk(); return true; });
+    this.cpu.hooks.set(0xee13, c => { const r = d.acptr(); if (r) { c.a = r.byte; if (r.eoi) st[0x90] |= 0x40; } else { c.a = 0x0d; st[0x90] |= 0x42; } c.c = 0; return true; });
+    // Commodore's ROMs, or moonbase's in their place (rom.js)
+    if (roms.standIn) standIn(this);
+    this.reset();
+  }
+
+  reset() { this.port = 0x37; this.portDir = 0x2f; this.cpu.pc = this.read16(0xfffc); this.cpu.sp = 0xfd; this.cpu.i = 1; }
+  read16(a) { return this.read(a) | this.read(a + 1) << 8; }
+
+  // what the CPU sees, by the port's LORAM, HIRAM and CHAREN bits
+  read(a) {
+    if (a === 0) return this.portDir;
+    if (a === 1) return (this.port & this.portDir) | (~this.portDir & 0x17) & 0xff | 0x10;   // the cassette sense reads high
+    const p = this.port & 7;
+    if (a >= 0xe000) return p & 2 ? this.rom(this.kernal, a) : this.ram[a];
+    if (a >= 0xd000 && a < 0xe000) { if (p & 3 && p & 4) return this.io(a); if (p & 3) return this.chargen[a - 0xd000]; return this.ram[a]; }
+    if (a >= 0xa000 && a < 0xc000) return (p & 3) === 3 ? this.rom(this.basic, a) : this.ram[a];
+    return this.ram[a];
+  }
+  // a ROM's byte; in moonbase's stand-in only those it has (rom.js), another stops the machine
+  rom(r, a) {
+    const i = a - (r === this.kernal ? 0xe000 : 0xa000);
+    if (r.known && !r.known[i]) throw new Error(`the ${r === this.kernal ? 'KERNAL' : 'BASIC'} ROM at $${a.toString(16).toUpperCase()}: not handled`);
+    return r[i];
+  }
+  write(a, v) {
+    if (a === 0) { this.portDir = v; return; }
+    if (a === 1) { this.port = v; return; }
+    const p = this.port & 7;
+    if (a >= 0xd000 && a < 0xe000 && (p & 3) && (p & 4)) { this.ioWrite(a, v); return; }
+    this.ram[a] = v;   // a write under a ROM goes to the RAM beneath
+  }
+
+  // the I/O page: the VIC-II at $D000, the SID at $D400, color RAM at $D800, the CIAs at $DC00 and $DD00
+  io(a) {
+    if (a < 0xd400) return this.vic.read(a & 0x3f);
+    if (a < 0xd800) return (a & 0x1f) === 0x1b ? Math.random() * 256 | 0 : (a & 0x1f) === 0x1c ? 0 : this.sid[a & 0x1f];   // OSC3 reads noise, ENV3 nothing
+    if (a < 0xdc00) return this.color[a - 0xd800] | 0xf0;
+    if (a < 0xdd00) return this.cia1.read(a & 0xf, this);
+    if (a < 0xde00) return this.cia2.read(a & 0xf, this);
+    return 0xff;
+  }
+  ioWrite(a, v) {
+    if (a < 0xd400) this.vic.write(a & 0x3f, v);
+    else if (a < 0xd800) { this.sid[a & 0x1f] = v; this.sidWrites.push([this.cpu.cycles, a & 0x1f, v]); }
+    else if (a < 0xdc00) this.color[a - 0xd800] = v & 15;
+    else if (a < 0xdd00) this.cia1.write(a & 0xf, v);
+    else if (a < 0xde00) this.cia2.write(a & 0xf, v);
+  }
+
+  // the keyboard matrix as CIA1 scans it: port A selects columns, low; port B reads rows, low
+  // for a key held; the joystick in port 2 pulls port A's low bits, in port 1 port B's
+  keyboardRows(columns) {
+    let rows = 0xff;
+    for (let c = 0; c < 8; c++) if (!(columns & (1 << c))) rows &= ~this.keys[c];
+    return rows & 0xff;
+  }
+
+  // the KERNAL's LOAD: the name at ($BB) of $B7 bytes, the device in $BA, the secondary address
+  // in $B9, and the address to load at in X and Y when the secondary address is 0. The file goes
+  // into memory, the end goes to $AE/$AF and X/Y, and carry clear says it worked.
+  load() {
+    const c = this.cpu, nameBytes = this.ram.subarray(this.ram[0xbb] | this.ram[0xbc] << 8, (this.ram[0xbb] | this.ram[0xbc] << 8) + this.ram[0xb7]), device = this.ram[0xba], sa = this.ram[0xb9];
+    const name = String.fromCharCode(...nameBytes);
+    if (device !== 8) { c.a = 5; c.c = 1; return; }   // DEVICE NOT PRESENT
+    const raw = this.drive.load(nameBytes);
+    if (!raw || raw.length < 2 || c.a !== 0) { this.log('LOAD ' + JSON.stringify(name) + (raw ? ' verify' : ' not found')); c.a = 4; c.c = 1; this.ram[0x90] = 0x42; return; }
+    const at = sa === 0 ? c.x | c.y << 8 : raw[0] | raw[1] << 8, body = raw.subarray(2);
+    for (let i = 0; i < body.length; i++) this.write(at + i, body[i]);
+    const end = at + body.length;
+    this.ram[0xae] = end & 0xff; this.ram[0xaf] = end >> 8; this.ram[0x90] = 0;
+    c.x = end & 0xff; c.y = end >> 8; c.c = 0; c.a = 0;
+    this.log('LOAD', JSON.stringify(name), '$' + at.toString(16), body.length + ' bytes');
+  }
+  // SAVE: the start address is in the zero page at A, the end in X and Y
+  save() {
+    const c = this.cpu, name = this.pstringAt(this.ram[0xbb] | this.ram[0xbc] << 8, this.ram[0xb7]);
+    const from = this.ram[c.a] | this.ram[c.a + 1] << 8, to = c.x | c.y << 8;
+    const body = new Uint8Array(to - from + 2); body[0] = from & 0xff; body[1] = from >> 8;
+    for (let i = from; i < to; i++) body[i - from + 2] = this.read(i);
+    this.drive.save(this.ram.subarray(this.ram[0xbb] | this.ram[0xbc] << 8, (this.ram[0xbb] | this.ram[0xbc] << 8) + this.ram[0xb7]), body);
+    this.log('SAVE', JSON.stringify(name), body.length + ' bytes'); c.c = 0; c.a = 0;
+  }
+  pstringAt(a, n) { let s = ''; for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) s += String.fromCharCode(this.ram[a + i]); return s; }
+
+  // a key held or released, by its place in the matrix: column 0 to 7 and row 0 to 7
+  key(column, row, down) { if (down) this.keys[column] |= 1 << row; else this.keys[column] &= ~(1 << row); }
+  // type a line as if at the keyboard, through the KERNAL's buffer at $0277, once BASIC is ready
+  type(text) { const n = Math.min(10, text.length); for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) this.ram[0x277 + i] = text.charCodeAt(i); this.ram[0xc6] = n; return text.slice(n); }
+
+  // one raster line: the CPU's cycles, the CIAs' timers, the VIC-II's line, and any interrupt. The
+  // line is drawn with the registers and memory as they are where its display starts, cycle 15,
+  // as the VIC-II takes them: a register written later in the line (a demo's raster split, after
+  // its wait) shows from the next line, as the 64 shows the left of the screen (held to VICE on
+  // Subway Arts' $D016 at line $42)
+  runLine() {
+    const until = this.cpu.cycles + CYCLES_PER_LINE, display = this.cpu.cycles + DISPLAY_START;
+    let drawn = false;
+    while (this.cpu.cycles < until && !this.halted) {
+      if (!drawn && this.cpu.cycles >= display) { this.vic.line(this.line); drawn = true; }
+      const before = this.cpu.cycles;
+      const pc = this.cpu.pc;
+      if ((this.port & 2) === 0 && pc >= 0xe000 && !this.cpu.hooks.has(pc)) { /* RAM under the KERNAL: fine, it runs */ }
+      this.cpu.step();
+      const spent = this.cpu.cycles - before;
+      if (this.cia1.tick(spent) && (this.cia1.icr & 0x80)) this.cpu.irq();
+      // (NMI on its edge, as the 6502 takes it: once as CIA 2's line goes active, not again until
+      // it has gone inactive, its flags read, and active again; a demo that leaves it active,
+      // unacknowledged, is not interrupted for ever after, which is how RESTORE is locked out)
+      this.cia2.tick(spent);
+      const nmi = (this.cia2.icr & 0x80) !== 0;
+      if (nmi && !this.nmiLine) this.cpu.nmi();
+      this.nmiLine = nmi;
+    }
+    if (!drawn) this.vic.line(this.line);
+    if (this.vic.irq()) this.cpu.irq();
+    this.line = (this.line + 1) % LINES;
+    if (this.line === 0) this.frame++;
+  }
+  runFrame() { for (let i = 0; i < LINES; i++) this.runLine(); }
+}
+
+// A 6526 CIA: two timers counting cycles, an interrupt when one runs out, and two ports.
+class CIA {
+  constructor() { this.ta = 0xffff; this.taLatch = 0xffff; this.tb = 0xffff; this.tbLatch = 0xffff; this.cra = 0; this.crb = 0; this.icr = 0; this.mask = 0; this.pra = 0xff; this.prb = 0xff; this.ddra = 0; this.ddrb = 0; this.tod = 0; }
+  read(r, m) {
+    switch (r) {
+      case 0: return m && this === m.cia1 ? (this.pra | ~this.ddra) & ~(m.joystick) & 0xff : (this.pra | ~this.ddra) & 0xff;
+      case 1: return m && this === m.cia1 ? m.keyboardRows(this.pra | ~this.ddra) & (this.prb | ~this.ddrb) : (this.prb | ~this.ddrb) & 0xff;
+      case 2: return this.ddra; case 3: return this.ddrb;
+      case 4: return this.ta & 0xff; case 5: return this.ta >> 8; case 6: return this.tb & 0xff; case 7: return this.tb >> 8;
+      case 8: return 0; case 9: return 0; case 10: return 0; case 11: return 0;
+      case 13: { const v = this.icr; this.icr = 0; return v; }
+      case 14: return this.cra; case 15: return this.crb;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+  write(r, v) {
+    switch (r) {
+      case 0: this.pra = v; break; case 1: this.prb = v; break; case 2: this.ddra = v; break; case 3: this.ddrb = v; break;
+      case 4: this.taLatch = (this.taLatch & 0xff00) | v; break; case 5: this.taLatch = (this.taLatch & 0xff) | v << 8; if (!(this.cra & 1)) this.ta = this.taLatch; break;
+      case 6: this.tbLatch = (this.tbLatch & 0xff00) | v; break; case 7: this.tbLatch = (this.tbLatch & 0xff) | v << 8; if (!(this.crb & 1)) this.tb = this.tbLatch; break;
+      case 13: if (v & 0x80) this.mask |= v & 0x1f; else this.mask &= ~v; break;
+      case 14: this.cra = v; if (v & 0x10) this.ta = this.taLatch; break;
+      case 15: this.crb = v; if (v & 0x10) this.tb = this.tbLatch; break;
+    }
+  }
+  // the timers by `cycles`; true when an enabled interrupt is raised
+  tick(cycles) {
+    let raised = false;
+    if (this.cra & 1) {
+      this.ta -= cycles;
+      while (this.ta < 0) { this.ta += this.taLatch + 1; this.icr |= 1; if (this.cra & 8) { this.cra &= ~1; this.ta = this.taLatch; } if ((this.crb & 0x60) === 0x40 && this.crb & 1) { if (--this.tb < 0) { this.tb = this.tbLatch; this.icr |= 2; } } }
+    }
+    if (this.crb & 1 && (this.crb & 0x60) === 0) { this.tb -= cycles; while (this.tb < 0) { this.tb += this.tbLatch + 1; this.icr |= 2; if (this.crb & 8) { this.crb &= ~1; this.tb = this.tbLatch; } } }
+    if (this.icr & this.mask & 0x1f) { this.icr |= 0x80; raised = true; }
+    return raised;
+  }
+}