@moltium/world-core 0.1.2 → 0.1.4

package/lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Arrays.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.5.0) (utils/Arrays.sol)
+// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/Arrays.js.
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+import {Comparators} from "./Comparators.sol";
+import {SlotDerivation} from "./SlotDerivation.sol";
+import {StorageSlot} from "./StorageSlot.sol";
+import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
+
+/**
+ * @dev Collection of functions related to array types.
+ */
+library Arrays {
+    using SlotDerivation for bytes32;
+    using StorageSlot for bytes32;
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Sort an array of uint256 (in memory) following the provided comparator function.
+     *
+     * This function does the sorting "in place", meaning that it overrides the input. The object is returned for
+     * convenience, but that returned value can be discarded safely if the caller has a memory pointer to the array.
+     *
+     * NOTE: this function's cost is `O(n · log(n))` in average and `O(n²)` in the worst case, with n the length of the
+     * array. Using it in view functions that are executed through `eth_call` is safe, but one should be very careful
+     * when executing this as part of a transaction. If the array being sorted is too large, the sort operation may
+     * consume more gas than is available in a block, leading to potential DoS.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT: Consider memory side-effects when using custom comparator functions that access memory in an unsafe way.
+     */
+    function sort(
+        uint256[] memory array,
+        function(uint256, uint256) pure returns (bool) comp
+    ) internal pure returns (uint256[] memory) {
+        _quickSort(_begin(array), _end(array), comp);
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Variant of {sort} that sorts an array of uint256 in increasing order.
+     */
+    function sort(uint256[] memory array) internal pure returns (uint256[] memory) {
+        sort(array, Comparators.lt);
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Sort an array of address (in memory) following the provided comparator function.
+     *
+     * This function does the sorting "in place", meaning that it overrides the input. The object is returned for
+     * convenience, but that returned value can be discarded safely if the caller has a memory pointer to the array.
+     *
+     * NOTE: this function's cost is `O(n · log(n))` in average and `O(n²)` in the worst case, with n the length of the
+     * array. Using it in view functions that are executed through `eth_call` is safe, but one should be very careful
+     * when executing this as part of a transaction. If the array being sorted is too large, the sort operation may
+     * consume more gas than is available in a block, leading to potential DoS.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT: Consider memory side-effects when using custom comparator functions that access memory in an unsafe way.
+     */
+    function sort(
+        address[] memory array,
+        function(address, address) pure returns (bool) comp
+    ) internal pure returns (address[] memory) {
+        sort(_castToUint256Array(array), _castToUint256Comp(comp));
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Variant of {sort} that sorts an array of address in increasing order.
+     */
+    function sort(address[] memory array) internal pure returns (address[] memory) {
+        sort(_castToUint256Array(array), Comparators.lt);
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Sort an array of bytes32 (in memory) following the provided comparator function.
+     *
+     * This function does the sorting "in place", meaning that it overrides the input. The object is returned for
+     * convenience, but that returned value can be discarded safely if the caller has a memory pointer to the array.
+     *
+     * NOTE: this function's cost is `O(n · log(n))` in average and `O(n²)` in the worst case, with n the length of the
+     * array. Using it in view functions that are executed through `eth_call` is safe, but one should be very careful
+     * when executing this as part of a transaction. If the array being sorted is too large, the sort operation may
+     * consume more gas than is available in a block, leading to potential DoS.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT: Consider memory side-effects when using custom comparator functions that access memory in an unsafe way.
+     */
+    function sort(
+        bytes32[] memory array,
+        function(bytes32, bytes32) pure returns (bool) comp
+    ) internal pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
+        sort(_castToUint256Array(array), _castToUint256Comp(comp));
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Variant of {sort} that sorts an array of bytes32 in increasing order.
+     */
+    function sort(bytes32[] memory array) internal pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
+        sort(_castToUint256Array(array), Comparators.lt);
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Performs a quick sort of a segment of memory. The segment sorted starts at `begin` (inclusive), and stops
+     * at end (exclusive). Sorting follows the `comp` comparator.
+     *
+     * Invariant: `begin <= end`. This is the case when initially called by {sort} and is preserved in subcalls.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT: Memory locations between `begin` and `end` are not validated/zeroed. This function should
+     * be used only if the limits are within a memory array.
+     */
+    function _quickSort(uint256 begin, uint256 end, function(uint256, uint256) pure returns (bool) comp) private pure {
+        unchecked {
+            if (end - begin < 0x40) return;
+
+            // Use first element as pivot
+            uint256 pivot = _mload(begin);
+            // Position where the pivot should be at the end of the loop
+            uint256 pos = begin;
+
+            for (uint256 it = begin + 0x20; it < end; it += 0x20) {
+                if (comp(_mload(it), pivot)) {
+                    // If the value stored at the iterator's position comes before the pivot, we increment the
+                    // position of the pivot and move the value there.
+                    pos += 0x20;
+                    _swap(pos, it);
+                }
+            }
+
+            _swap(begin, pos); // Swap pivot into place
+            _quickSort(begin, pos, comp); // Sort the left side of the pivot
+            _quickSort(pos + 0x20, end, comp); // Sort the right side of the pivot
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Pointer to the memory location of the first element of `array`.
+     */
+    function _begin(uint256[] memory array) private pure returns (uint256 ptr) {
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            ptr := add(array, 0x20)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Pointer to the memory location of the first memory word (32bytes) after `array`. This is the memory word
+     * that comes just after the last element of the array.
+     */
+    function _end(uint256[] memory array) private pure returns (uint256 ptr) {
+        unchecked {
+            return _begin(array) + array.length * 0x20;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Load memory word (as a uint256) at location `ptr`.
+     */
+    function _mload(uint256 ptr) private pure returns (uint256 value) {
+        assembly {
+            value := mload(ptr)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Swaps the elements memory location `ptr1` and `ptr2`.
+     */
+    function _swap(uint256 ptr1, uint256 ptr2) private pure {
+        assembly {
+            let value1 := mload(ptr1)
+            let value2 := mload(ptr2)
+            mstore(ptr1, value2)
+            mstore(ptr2, value1)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Helper: low level cast address memory array to uint256 memory array
+    function _castToUint256Array(address[] memory input) private pure returns (uint256[] memory output) {
+        assembly {
+            output := input
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Helper: low level cast bytes32 memory array to uint256 memory array
+    function _castToUint256Array(bytes32[] memory input) private pure returns (uint256[] memory output) {
+        assembly {
+            output := input
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Helper: low level cast address comp function to uint256 comp function
+    function _castToUint256Comp(
+        function(address, address) pure returns (bool) input
+    ) private pure returns (function(uint256, uint256) pure returns (bool) output) {
+        assembly {
+            output := input
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Helper: low level cast bytes32 comp function to uint256 comp function
+    function _castToUint256Comp(
+        function(bytes32, bytes32) pure returns (bool) input
+    ) private pure returns (function(uint256, uint256) pure returns (bool) output) {
+        assembly {
+            output := input
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Searches a sorted `array` and returns the first index that contains
+     * a value greater or equal to `element`. If no such index exists (i.e. all
+     * values in the array are strictly less than `element`), the array length is
+     * returned. Time complexity O(log n).
+     *
+     * NOTE: The `array` is expected to be sorted in ascending order, and to
+     * contain no repeated elements.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT: Deprecated. This implementation behaves as {lowerBound} but lacks
+     * support for repeated elements in the array. The {lowerBound} function should
+     * be used instead.
+     */
+    function findUpperBound(uint256[] storage array, uint256 element) internal view returns (uint256) {
+        uint256 low = 0;
+        uint256 high = array.length;
+
+        if (high == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        while (low < high) {
+            uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
+
+            // Note that mid will always be strictly less than high (i.e. it will be a valid array index)
+            // because Math.average rounds towards zero (it does integer division with truncation).
+            if (unsafeAccess(array, mid).value > element) {
+                high = mid;
+            } else {
+                low = mid + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // At this point `low` is the exclusive upper bound. We will return the inclusive upper bound.
+        if (low > 0 && unsafeAccess(array, low - 1).value == element) {
+            return low - 1;
+        } else {
+            return low;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Searches an `array` sorted in ascending order and returns the first
+     * index that contains a value greater or equal than `element`. If no such index
+     * exists (i.e. all values in the array are strictly less than `element`), the array
+     * length is returned. Time complexity O(log n).
+     *
+     * See C++'s https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/lower_bound[lower_bound].
+     */
+    function lowerBound(uint256[] storage array, uint256 element) internal view returns (uint256) {
+        uint256 low = 0;
+        uint256 high = array.length;
+
+        if (high == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        while (low < high) {
+            uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
+
+            // Note that mid will always be strictly less than high (i.e. it will be a valid array index)
+            // because Math.average rounds towards zero (it does integer division with truncation).
+            if (unsafeAccess(array, mid).value < element) {
+                // this cannot overflow because mid < high
+                unchecked {
+                    low = mid + 1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                high = mid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return low;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Searches an `array` sorted in ascending order and returns the first
+     * index that contains a value strictly greater than `element`. If no such index
+     * exists (i.e. all values in the array are strictly less than `element`), the array
+     * length is returned. Time complexity O(log n).
+     *
+     * See C++'s https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/upper_bound[upper_bound].
+     */
+    function upperBound(uint256[] storage array, uint256 element) internal view returns (uint256) {
+        uint256 low = 0;
+        uint256 high = array.length;
+
+        if (high == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        while (low < high) {
+            uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
+
+            // Note that mid will always be strictly less than high (i.e. it will be a valid array index)
+            // because Math.average rounds towards zero (it does integer division with truncation).
+            if (unsafeAccess(array, mid).value > element) {
+                high = mid;
+            } else {
+                // this cannot overflow because mid < high
+                unchecked {
+                    low = mid + 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return low;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Same as {lowerBound}, but with an array in memory.
+     */
+    function lowerBoundMemory(uint256[] memory array, uint256 element) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        uint256 low = 0;
+        uint256 high = array.length;
+
+        if (high == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        while (low < high) {
+            uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
+
+            // Note that mid will always be strictly less than high (i.e. it will be a valid array index)
+            // because Math.average rounds towards zero (it does integer division with truncation).
+            if (unsafeMemoryAccess(array, mid) < element) {
+                // this cannot overflow because mid < high
+                unchecked {
+                    low = mid + 1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                high = mid;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return low;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Same as {upperBound}, but with an array in memory.
+     */
+    function upperBoundMemory(uint256[] memory array, uint256 element) internal pure returns (uint256) {
+        uint256 low = 0;
+        uint256 high = array.length;
+
+        if (high == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        while (low < high) {
+            uint256 mid = Math.average(low, high);
+
+            // Note that mid will always be strictly less than high (i.e. it will be a valid array index)
+            // because Math.average rounds towards zero (it does integer division with truncation).
+            if (unsafeMemoryAccess(array, mid) > element) {
+                high = mid;
+            } else {
+                // this cannot overflow because mid < high
+                unchecked {
+                    low = mid + 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return low;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Copies the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to the end of `array` into a new address array in
+     * memory.
+     *
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice[Javascript's `Array.slice`]
+     */
+    function slice(address[] memory array, uint256 start) internal pure returns (address[] memory) {
+        return slice(array, start, array.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Copies the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to `end` (excluded) into a new address array in
+     * memory. The `end` argument is truncated to the length of the `array`.
+     *
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice[Javascript's `Array.slice`]
+     */
+    function slice(address[] memory array, uint256 start, uint256 end) internal pure returns (address[] memory) {
+        // sanitize
+        end = Math.min(end, array.length);
+        start = Math.min(start, end);
+
+        // allocate and copy
+        address[] memory result = new address[](end - start);
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            mcopy(add(result, 0x20), add(add(array, 0x20), mul(start, 0x20)), mul(sub(end, start), 0x20))
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Copies the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to the end of `array` into a new bytes32 array in
+     * memory.
+     *
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice[Javascript's `Array.slice`]
+     */
+    function slice(bytes32[] memory array, uint256 start) internal pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
+        return slice(array, start, array.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Copies the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to `end` (excluded) into a new bytes32 array in
+     * memory. The `end` argument is truncated to the length of the `array`.
+     *
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice[Javascript's `Array.slice`]
+     */
+    function slice(bytes32[] memory array, uint256 start, uint256 end) internal pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
+        // sanitize
+        end = Math.min(end, array.length);
+        start = Math.min(start, end);
+
+        // allocate and copy
+        bytes32[] memory result = new bytes32[](end - start);
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            mcopy(add(result, 0x20), add(add(array, 0x20), mul(start, 0x20)), mul(sub(end, start), 0x20))
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Copies the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to the end of `array` into a new uint256 array in
+     * memory.
+     *
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice[Javascript's `Array.slice`]
+     */
+    function slice(uint256[] memory array, uint256 start) internal pure returns (uint256[] memory) {
+        return slice(array, start, array.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Copies the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to `end` (excluded) into a new uint256 array in
+     * memory. The `end` argument is truncated to the length of the `array`.
+     *
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice[Javascript's `Array.slice`]
+     */
+    function slice(uint256[] memory array, uint256 start, uint256 end) internal pure returns (uint256[] memory) {
+        // sanitize
+        end = Math.min(end, array.length);
+        start = Math.min(start, end);
+
+        // allocate and copy
+        uint256[] memory result = new uint256[](end - start);
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            mcopy(add(result, 0x20), add(add(array, 0x20), mul(start, 0x20)), mul(sub(end, start), 0x20))
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Moves the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to the end of `array` to the start of that array.
+     *
+     * NOTE: This function modifies the provided array in place. If you need to preserve the original array, use {slice} instead.
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice[Javascript's `Array.splice`]
+     */
+    function splice(address[] memory array, uint256 start) internal pure returns (address[] memory) {
+        return splice(array, start, array.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Moves the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to `end` (excluded) to the start of that array. The
+     * `end` argument is truncated to the length of the `array`.
+     *
+     * NOTE: This function modifies the provided array in place. If you need to preserve the original array, use {slice} instead.
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice[Javascript's `Array.splice`]
+     */
+    function splice(address[] memory array, uint256 start, uint256 end) internal pure returns (address[] memory) {
+        // sanitize
+        end = Math.min(end, array.length);
+        start = Math.min(start, end);
+
+        // move and resize
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            mcopy(add(array, 0x20), add(add(array, 0x20), mul(start, 0x20)), mul(sub(end, start), 0x20))
+            mstore(array, sub(end, start))
+        }
+
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Moves the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to the end of `array` to the start of that array.
+     *
+     * NOTE: This function modifies the provided array in place. If you need to preserve the original array, use {slice} instead.
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice[Javascript's `Array.splice`]
+     */
+    function splice(bytes32[] memory array, uint256 start) internal pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
+        return splice(array, start, array.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Moves the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to `end` (excluded) to the start of that array. The
+     * `end` argument is truncated to the length of the `array`.
+     *
+     * NOTE: This function modifies the provided array in place. If you need to preserve the original array, use {slice} instead.
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice[Javascript's `Array.splice`]
+     */
+    function splice(bytes32[] memory array, uint256 start, uint256 end) internal pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
+        // sanitize
+        end = Math.min(end, array.length);
+        start = Math.min(start, end);
+
+        // move and resize
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            mcopy(add(array, 0x20), add(add(array, 0x20), mul(start, 0x20)), mul(sub(end, start), 0x20))
+            mstore(array, sub(end, start))
+        }
+
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Moves the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to the end of `array` to the start of that array.
+     *
+     * NOTE: This function modifies the provided array in place. If you need to preserve the original array, use {slice} instead.
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice[Javascript's `Array.splice`]
+     */
+    function splice(uint256[] memory array, uint256 start) internal pure returns (uint256[] memory) {
+        return splice(array, start, array.length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Moves the content of `array`, from `start` (included) to `end` (excluded) to the start of that array. The
+     * `end` argument is truncated to the length of the `array`.
+     *
+     * NOTE: This function modifies the provided array in place. If you need to preserve the original array, use {slice} instead.
+     * NOTE: replicates the behavior of https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice[Javascript's `Array.splice`]
+     */
+    function splice(uint256[] memory array, uint256 start, uint256 end) internal pure returns (uint256[] memory) {
+        // sanitize
+        end = Math.min(end, array.length);
+        start = Math.min(start, end);
+
+        // move and resize
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            mcopy(add(array, 0x20), add(add(array, 0x20), mul(start, 0x20)), mul(sub(end, start), 0x20))
+            mstore(array, sub(end, start))
+        }
+
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeAccess(address[] storage arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (StorageSlot.AddressSlot storage) {
+        bytes32 slot;
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            slot := arr.slot
+        }
+        return slot.deriveArray().offset(pos).getAddressSlot();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeAccess(bytes32[] storage arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (StorageSlot.Bytes32Slot storage) {
+        bytes32 slot;
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            slot := arr.slot
+        }
+        return slot.deriveArray().offset(pos).getBytes32Slot();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeAccess(uint256[] storage arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (StorageSlot.Uint256Slot storage) {
+        bytes32 slot;
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            slot := arr.slot
+        }
+        return slot.deriveArray().offset(pos).getUint256Slot();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeAccess(bytes[] storage arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (StorageSlot.BytesSlot storage) {
+        bytes32 slot;
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            slot := arr.slot
+        }
+        return slot.deriveArray().offset(pos).getBytesSlot();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeAccess(string[] storage arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (StorageSlot.StringSlot storage) {
+        bytes32 slot;
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            slot := arr.slot
+        }
+        return slot.deriveArray().offset(pos).getStringSlot();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeMemoryAccess(address[] memory arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (address res) {
+        assembly {
+            res := mload(add(add(arr, 0x20), mul(pos, 0x20)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeMemoryAccess(bytes32[] memory arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (bytes32 res) {
+        assembly {
+            res := mload(add(add(arr, 0x20), mul(pos, 0x20)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeMemoryAccess(uint256[] memory arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (uint256 res) {
+        assembly {
+            res := mload(add(add(arr, 0x20), mul(pos, 0x20)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeMemoryAccess(bytes[] memory arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (bytes memory res) {
+        assembly {
+            res := mload(add(add(arr, 0x20), mul(pos, 0x20)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Access an array in an "unsafe" way. Skips solidity "index-out-of-range" check.
+     *
+     * WARNING: Only use if you are certain `pos` is lower than the array length.
+     */
+    function unsafeMemoryAccess(string[] memory arr, uint256 pos) internal pure returns (string memory res) {
+        assembly {
+            res := mload(add(add(arr, 0x20), mul(pos, 0x20)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Helper to set the length of a dynamic array. Directly writing to `.length` is forbidden.
+     *
+     * WARNING: this does not clear elements if length is reduced, of initialize elements if length is increased.
+     */
+    function unsafeSetLength(address[] storage array, uint256 len) internal {
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            sstore(array.slot, len)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Helper to set the length of a dynamic array. Directly writing to `.length` is forbidden.
+     *
+     * WARNING: this does not clear elements if length is reduced, of initialize elements if length is increased.
+     */
+    function unsafeSetLength(bytes32[] storage array, uint256 len) internal {
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            sstore(array.slot, len)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Helper to set the length of a dynamic array. Directly writing to `.length` is forbidden.
+     *
+     * WARNING: this does not clear elements if length is reduced, of initialize elements if length is increased.
+     */
+    function unsafeSetLength(uint256[] storage array, uint256 len) internal {
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            sstore(array.slot, len)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Helper to set the length of a dynamic array. Directly writing to `.length` is forbidden.
+     *
+     * WARNING: this does not clear elements if length is reduced, of initialize elements if length is increased.
+     */
+    function unsafeSetLength(bytes[] storage array, uint256 len) internal {
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            sstore(array.slot, len)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Helper to set the length of a dynamic array. Directly writing to `.length` is forbidden.
+     *
+     * WARNING: this does not clear elements if length is reduced, of initialize elements if length is increased.
+     */
+    function unsafeSetLength(string[] storage array, uint256 len) internal {
+        assembly ("memory-safe") {
+            sstore(array.slot, len)
+        }
+    }
+}