@mohanscodex/spectra-code 0.4.8 → 0.5.0

package/skills/security-ownership-map/scripts/build_ownership_map.py

@@ -0,0 +1,956 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Build a security ownership map from git history."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import datetime as dt
+import fnmatch
+import json
+import math
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterable
+
+DEFAULT_SENSITIVE_RULES: list[tuple[str, str, float]] = [
+    ("**/auth/**", "auth", 1.0),
+    ("**/oauth/**", "auth", 1.0),
+    ("**/rbac/**", "auth", 1.0),
+    ("**/session/**", "auth", 1.0),
+    ("**/token/**", "auth", 1.0),
+    ("**/crypto/**", "crypto", 1.0),
+    ("**/tls/**", "crypto", 1.0),
+    ("**/ssl/**", "crypto", 1.0),
+    ("**/secrets/**", "secrets", 1.0),
+    ("**/keys/**", "secrets", 1.0),
+    ("**/*.pem", "secrets", 1.0),
+    ("**/*.key", "secrets", 1.0),
+    ("**/*.p12", "secrets", 1.0),
+    ("**/*.pfx", "secrets", 1.0),
+    ("**/iam/**", "auth", 1.0),
+    ("**/sso/**", "auth", 1.0),
+]
+
+DEFAULT_AUTHOR_EXCLUDE_REGEXES = [
+    "dependabot",
+]
+
+DEFAULT_COCHANGE_EXCLUDES = [
+    "**/Cargo.lock",
+    "**/Cargo.toml",
+    "**/package-lock.json",
+    "**/yarn.lock",
+    "**/pnpm-lock.yaml",
+    "**/go.sum",
+    "**/go.mod",
+    "**/Gemfile.lock",
+    "**/Pipfile.lock",
+    "**/poetry.lock",
+    "**/composer.lock",
+    "**/.github/**",
+    "**/.gitignore",
+    "**/.gitattributes",
+    "**/.gitmodules",
+    "**/.editorconfig",
+    "**/.vscode/**",
+    "**/.idea/**",
+]
+
+
+def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Build ownership graphs and security ownership summaries from git history."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--repo", default=".", help="Path to the git repo (default: .)")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--out",
+        default="ownership-map-out",
+        help="Output directory for graph artifacts",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--since", default=None, help="Limit git log to commits since date")
+    parser.add_argument("--until", default=None, help="Limit git log to commits until date")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--identity",
+        choices=("author", "committer"),
+        default="author",
+        help="Identity to attribute touches to",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--date-field",
+        choices=("author", "committer"),
+        default="author",
+        help="Date field to use for recency and bucketing",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--include-merges",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Include merge commits (excluded by default)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--half-life-days",
+        type=float,
+        default=180.0,
+        help="Half life for recency weighting",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--sensitive-config",
+        default=None,
+        help="CSV file with pattern,tag,weight for sensitive paths",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--owner-threshold",
+        type=float,
+        default=0.5,
+        help="Share threshold for hidden owner detection",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--bus-factor-threshold",
+        type=int,
+        default=1,
+        help="Bus factor threshold for hotspots",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--stale-days",
+        type=int,
+        default=365,
+        help="Days since last touch to consider stale",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--min-touches",
+        type=int,
+        default=1,
+        help="Minimum touches to keep an edge",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--emit-commits",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Write commit list to commits.jsonl",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--author-exclude-regex",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        help="Regex for author name/email to exclude (repeatable)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-default-author-excludes",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Disable default author excludes (dependabot)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-cochange",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Disable co-change graph output",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cochange-max-files",
+        type=int,
+        default=50,
+        help="Ignore commits touching more than this many files for co-change graph",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cochange-min-count",
+        type=int,
+        default=2,
+        help="Minimum co-change count to keep file-file edge",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cochange-min-jaccard",
+        type=float,
+        default=0.05,
+        help="Minimum Jaccard similarity to keep file-file edge",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cochange-exclude",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        help="Glob to exclude from co-change graph (repeatable)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-default-cochange-excludes",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Disable default co-change excludes (lockfiles, .github, editor config)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-communities",
+        dest="communities",
+        action="store_false",
+        help="Disable community detection (enabled by default, requires networkx)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--graphml",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Emit ownership.graphml (requires networkx)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--max-community-files",
+        type=int,
+        default=50,
+        help="Max files listed per community",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--community-top-owners",
+        type=int,
+        default=5,
+        help="Top maintainers saved per community",
+    )
+    parser.set_defaults(communities=True)
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def load_sensitive_rules(path: str | None) -> list[tuple[str, str, float]]:
+    if not path:
+        return list(DEFAULT_SENSITIVE_RULES)
+    rules: list[tuple[str, str, float]] = []
+    with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+        for raw in handle:
+            line = raw.strip()
+            if not line or line.startswith("#"):
+                continue
+            parts = [part.strip() for part in line.split(",")]
+            if not parts:
+                continue
+            pattern = parts[0]
+            tag = parts[1] if len(parts) > 1 and parts[1] else "sensitive"
+            weight = float(parts[2]) if len(parts) > 2 and parts[2] else 1.0
+            rules.append((pattern, tag, weight))
+    return rules
+
+
+def parse_date(value: str) -> dt.datetime:
+    parsed = dt.datetime.fromisoformat(value)
+    if parsed.tzinfo is None:
+        parsed = parsed.replace(tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+    return parsed
+
+
+def offset_minutes(timestamp: dt.datetime) -> int | None:
+    offset = timestamp.utcoffset()
+    if offset is None:
+        return None
+    return int(offset.total_seconds() / 60)
+
+
+def format_offset(minutes: int) -> str:
+    sign = "+" if minutes >= 0 else "-"
+    minutes = abs(minutes)
+    return f"{sign}{minutes // 60:02d}:{minutes % 60:02d}"
+
+
+def recency_weighted(now: dt.datetime, when: dt.datetime, half_life_days: float) -> float:
+    if half_life_days <= 0:
+        return 1.0
+    age_days = max(0.0, (now - when).total_seconds() / 86400.0)
+    return math.exp(-math.log(2) * age_days / half_life_days)
+
+
+def match_sensitive(path: str, rules: Iterable[tuple[str, str, float]]) -> dict[str, float]:
+    tags: dict[str, float] = defaultdict(float)
+    posix = path.replace("\\", "/")
+    for pattern, tag, weight in rules:
+        patterns = [pattern]
+        if pattern.startswith("**/"):
+            patterns.append(pattern[3:])
+        for candidate in patterns:
+            if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(posix, candidate):
+                tags[tag] += weight
+                break
+    return tags
+
+
+def matches_glob(path: str, pattern: str) -> bool:
+    posix = path.replace("\\", "/")
+    patterns = [pattern]
+    if pattern.startswith("**/"):
+        patterns.append(pattern[3:])
+    return any(fnmatch.fnmatchcase(posix, candidate) for candidate in patterns)
+
+
+def is_excluded(path: str, patterns: Iterable[str]) -> bool:
+    return any(matches_glob(path, pattern) for pattern in patterns)
+
+
+def author_excluded(name: str, email: str, patterns: Iterable[re.Pattern[str]]) -> bool:
+    if not patterns:
+        return False
+    haystack = f"{name} {email}".strip()
+    return any(pattern.search(haystack) for pattern in patterns)
+
+
+def compute_community_owners(
+    community_files: Iterable[str],
+    people: dict[str, dict[str, object]],
+    file_people_touches: dict[str, dict[str, int]],
+    file_people_recency: dict[str, dict[str, float]],
+    file_people_sensitive: dict[str, dict[str, float]],
+    top_n: int,
+) -> dict[str, object]:
+    touches_by_person: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+    recency_by_person: dict[str, float] = defaultdict(float)
+    sensitive_by_person: dict[str, float] = defaultdict(float)
+
+    for path in community_files:
+        for person, touches in file_people_touches.get(path, {}).items():
+            touches_by_person[person] += touches
+        for person, recency in file_people_recency.get(path, {}).items():
+            recency_by_person[person] += recency
+        for person, weight in file_people_sensitive.get(path, {}).items():
+            sensitive_by_person[person] += weight
+
+    total_touches = sum(touches_by_person.values())
+    total_recency = sum(recency_by_person.values())
+    total_sensitive = sum(sensitive_by_person.values())
+
+    ranked = sorted(touches_by_person.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True)
+    owners = []
+    for person_id, touches in ranked[:top_n]:
+        recency = recency_by_person.get(person_id, 0.0)
+        sensitive = sensitive_by_person.get(person_id, 0.0)
+        owners.append(
+            {
+                "person_id": person_id,
+                "name": people.get(person_id, {}).get("name", person_id),
+                "touches": touches,
+                "touch_share": round(touches / total_touches, 4) if total_touches else 0.0,
+                "recency_share": round(recency / total_recency, 4) if total_recency else 0.0,
+                "sensitive_share": round(sensitive / total_sensitive, 4)
+                if total_sensitive
+                else 0.0,
+                "primary_tz_offset": people.get(person_id, {}).get("primary_tz_offset", ""),
+            }
+        )
+
+    return {
+        "bus_factor": len(touches_by_person),
+        "owner_count": len(touches_by_person),
+        "totals": {
+            "touches": total_touches,
+            "recency_weight": round(total_recency, 6),
+            "sensitive_weight": round(total_sensitive, 2),
+        },
+        "top_maintainers": owners,
+    }
+
+
+def run_git_log(
+    repo: str, since: str | None, until: str | None, include_merges: bool
+) -> Iterable[list[str]]:
+    cmd = [
+        "git",
+        "-C",
+        repo,
+        "log",
+        "--name-only",
+        "--no-renames",
+        "--date=iso-strict",
+        "--format=---%n%H%n%P%n%an%n%ae%n%ad%n%cn%n%ce%n%cd",
+    ]
+    if not include_merges:
+        cmd.append("--no-merges")
+    if since:
+        cmd.extend(["--since", since])
+    if until:
+        cmd.extend(["--until", until])
+
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(
+        cmd,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        text=True,
+    )
+    assert proc.stdout is not None
+
+    batch: list[str] = []
+    for line in proc.stdout:
+        batch.append(line.rstrip("\n"))
+        if line.rstrip("\n") == "---" and len(batch) > 1:
+            yield batch[:-1]
+            batch = ["---"]
+
+    if batch:
+        yield batch
+
+    stderr = proc.stderr.read() if proc.stderr else ""
+    exit_code = proc.wait()
+    if exit_code != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(stderr.strip() or "git log failed")
+
+
+def iter_commits(lines: Iterable[list[str]]) -> Iterable[tuple[dict[str, object], list[str]]]:
+    for chunk in lines:
+        if not chunk or chunk[0] != "---":
+            continue
+        header = chunk[1:9]
+        if len(header) < 8:
+            continue
+        parents = [entry for entry in header[1].split(" ") if entry]
+        commit = {
+            "hash": header[0],
+            "parents": parents,
+            "is_merge": len(parents) > 1,
+            "author_name": header[2],
+            "author_email": header[3],
+            "author_date": header[4],
+            "committer_name": header[5],
+            "committer_email": header[6],
+            "committer_date": header[7],
+        }
+        files = [line for line in chunk[9:] if line.strip()]
+        yield commit, files
+
+
+def ensure_out_dir(path: str) -> Path:
+    out_dir = Path(path)
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    return out_dir
+
+
+def write_csv(path: Path, header: list[str], rows: Iterable[list[str]]) -> None:
+    with path.open("w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as handle:
+        writer = csv.writer(handle)
+        writer.writerow(header)
+        for row in rows:
+            writer.writerow(row)
+
+
+def build_ownership_map(args: argparse.Namespace) -> Path:
+    now = dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc)
+    rules = load_sensitive_rules(args.sensitive_config)
+    out_dir = ensure_out_dir(args.out)
+
+    people: dict[str, dict[str, object]] = {}
+    files: dict[str, dict[str, object]] = {}
+    edges: dict[tuple[str, str], dict[str, object]] = {}
+    file_people_touches: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(int))
+    file_people_recency: dict[str, dict[str, float]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(float))
+    file_people_sensitive: dict[str, dict[str, float]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(float))
+    tag_totals: dict[str, float] = defaultdict(float)
+    tag_person_totals: dict[str, dict[str, float]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(float))
+    person_timezone_counts: dict[str, dict[int, int]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(int))
+    cochange_counts: dict[tuple[str, str], int] = defaultdict(int)
+    cochange_file_commits: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+    cochange_commits_used = 0
+    cochange_commits_skipped = 0
+    cochange_commits_filtered = 0
+    cochange_files_excluded = 0
+
+    commits_path = out_dir / "commits.jsonl"
+    commit_handle = None
+    if args.emit_commits:
+        commit_handle = commits_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    total_commits_seen = 0
+    total_commits_included = 0
+    commits_excluded_identities = 0
+    commits_excluded_merges = 0
+    total_edges = 0
+
+    author_exclude_regexes = []
+    if not args.no_default_author_excludes:
+        author_exclude_regexes.extend(DEFAULT_AUTHOR_EXCLUDE_REGEXES)
+    author_exclude_regexes.extend(args.author_exclude_regex)
+    author_exclude_patterns = [
+        re.compile(pattern, re.IGNORECASE) for pattern in author_exclude_regexes
+    ]
+
+    cochange_excludes = []
+    if not args.no_default_cochange_excludes:
+        cochange_excludes.extend(DEFAULT_COCHANGE_EXCLUDES)
+    cochange_excludes.extend(args.cochange_exclude)
+
+    log_lines = run_git_log(args.repo, args.since, args.until, args.include_merges)
+    for commit, touched_files in iter_commits(log_lines):
+        total_commits_seen += 1
+
+        if commit.get("is_merge") and not args.include_merges:
+            commits_excluded_merges += 1
+            continue
+
+        identity_name = commit.get(f"{args.identity}_name", "")
+        identity_email = commit.get(f"{args.identity}_email", "")
+        if author_excluded(
+            identity_name,
+            identity_email,
+            author_exclude_patterns,
+        ):
+            commits_excluded_identities += 1
+            continue
+
+        if not touched_files:
+            continue
+
+        total_commits_included += 1
+        if commit_handle:
+            commit_handle.write(json.dumps({**commit, "files": touched_files}) + "\n")
+
+        identity_name = commit.get(f"{args.identity}_name", "")
+        identity_email = commit.get(f"{args.identity}_email", "") or identity_name
+        commit_date = parse_date(commit.get(f"{args.date_field}_date", ""))
+        recency = recency_weighted(now, commit_date, args.half_life_days)
+        tz_minutes = offset_minutes(commit_date)
+        if tz_minutes is not None:
+            person_timezone_counts[identity_email][tz_minutes] += 1
+        unique_files = sorted(set(touched_files))
+        if not args.no_cochange and len(unique_files) > 1:
+            if len(unique_files) > args.cochange_max_files:
+                cochange_commits_skipped += 1
+            else:
+                filtered_files = [
+                    path for path in unique_files if not is_excluded(path, cochange_excludes)
+                ]
+                excluded = len(unique_files) - len(filtered_files)
+                if excluded:
+                    cochange_files_excluded += excluded
+                if len(filtered_files) < 2:
+                    cochange_commits_filtered += 1
+                if filtered_files:
+                    for path in filtered_files:
+                        cochange_file_commits[path] += 1
+                if len(filtered_files) >= 2:
+                    cochange_commits_used += 1
+                    for idx, path in enumerate(filtered_files):
+                        for other in filtered_files[idx + 1 :]:
+                            cochange_counts[(path, other)] += 1
+
+        person = people.setdefault(
+            identity_email,
+            {
+                "name": identity_name,
+                "email": identity_email,
+                "first_seen": commit_date,
+                "last_seen": commit_date,
+                "commit_count": 0,
+                "touches": 0,
+                "sensitive_touches": 0.0,
+            },
+        )
+        person["commit_count"] = int(person["commit_count"]) + 1
+        person["first_seen"] = min(person["first_seen"], commit_date)
+        person["last_seen"] = max(person["last_seen"], commit_date)
+
+        for path in touched_files:
+            file_entry = files.setdefault(
+                path,
+                {
+                    "path": path,
+                    "first_seen": commit_date,
+                    "last_seen": commit_date,
+                    "commit_count": 0,
+                    "touches": 0,
+                    "authors": set(),
+                    "sensitive_tags": {},
+                },
+            )
+            file_entry["commit_count"] = int(file_entry["commit_count"]) + 1
+            file_entry["first_seen"] = min(file_entry["first_seen"], commit_date)
+            file_entry["last_seen"] = max(file_entry["last_seen"], commit_date)
+            file_entry["touches"] = int(file_entry["touches"]) + 1
+            file_entry["authors"].add(identity_email)
+
+            edge = edges.setdefault(
+                (identity_email, path),
+                {
+                    "touches": 0,
+                    "first_seen": commit_date,
+                    "last_seen": commit_date,
+                    "recency_weight": 0.0,
+                    "sensitive_weight": 0.0,
+                },
+            )
+            edge["touches"] = int(edge["touches"]) + 1
+            edge["first_seen"] = min(edge["first_seen"], commit_date)
+            edge["last_seen"] = max(edge["last_seen"], commit_date)
+            edge["recency_weight"] = float(edge["recency_weight"]) + recency
+
+            tags = match_sensitive(path, rules)
+            if tags:
+                file_entry["sensitive_tags"] = tags
+                sensitive_weight = sum(tags.values())
+                edge["sensitive_weight"] = float(edge["sensitive_weight"]) + sensitive_weight
+                person["sensitive_touches"] = float(person["sensitive_touches"]) + sensitive_weight
+                file_people_sensitive[path][identity_email] += sensitive_weight
+                for tag, weight in tags.items():
+                    tag_totals[tag] += weight
+                    tag_person_totals[tag][identity_email] += weight
+
+            person["touches"] = int(person["touches"]) + 1
+            file_people_touches[path][identity_email] += 1
+            file_people_recency[path][identity_email] += recency
+            total_edges += 1
+
+    if commit_handle:
+        commit_handle.close()
+
+    people_rows = []
+    for email, person in sorted(people.items()):
+        tz_counts = person_timezone_counts.get(email, {})
+        primary_tz_offset = ""
+        primary_tz_minutes = ""
+        timezone_offsets = ""
+        if tz_counts:
+            primary_tz_minutes_value = max(tz_counts.items(), key=lambda item: (item[1], item[0]))[
+                0
+            ]
+            primary_tz_offset = format_offset(primary_tz_minutes_value)
+            primary_tz_minutes = str(primary_tz_minutes_value)
+            timezone_offsets = ";".join(
+                f"{format_offset(minutes)}:{count}"
+                for minutes, count in sorted(tz_counts.items(), key=lambda item: item[0])
+            )
+            person["primary_tz_offset"] = primary_tz_offset
+        people_rows.append(
+            [
+                email,
+                str(person["name"]),
+                email,
+                person["first_seen"].isoformat(),
+                person["last_seen"].isoformat(),
+                str(person["commit_count"]),
+                str(person["touches"]),
+                f"{person['sensitive_touches']:.2f}",
+                primary_tz_offset,
+                primary_tz_minutes,
+                timezone_offsets,
+            ]
+        )
+
+    file_rows = []
+    for path, file_entry in sorted(files.items()):
+        authors = file_entry["authors"]
+        bus_factor = len(authors)
+        tags = file_entry["sensitive_tags"]
+        tag_list = ";".join(sorted(tags.keys()))
+        sensitivity_score = sum(tags.values()) if tags else 0.0
+        file_rows.append(
+            [
+                path,
+                path,
+                file_entry["first_seen"].isoformat(),
+                file_entry["last_seen"].isoformat(),
+                str(file_entry["commit_count"]),
+                str(file_entry["touches"]),
+                str(bus_factor),
+                f"{sensitivity_score:.2f}",
+                tag_list,
+            ]
+        )
+
+    edge_rows = []
+    for (email, path), edge in edges.items():
+        if int(edge["touches"]) < args.min_touches:
+            continue
+        edge_rows.append(
+            [
+                email,
+                path,
+                str(edge["touches"]),
+                f"{edge['recency_weight']:.6f}",
+                edge["first_seen"].isoformat(),
+                edge["last_seen"].isoformat(),
+                f"{edge['sensitive_weight']:.2f}",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    cochange_rows: list[list[str]] = []
+    if not args.no_cochange:
+        for (file_a, file_b), count in cochange_counts.items():
+            if count < args.cochange_min_count:
+                continue
+            commits_a = cochange_file_commits.get(file_a, 0)
+            commits_b = cochange_file_commits.get(file_b, 0)
+            denom = commits_a + commits_b - count
+            if denom <= 0:
+                continue
+            jaccard = count / denom
+            if jaccard < args.cochange_min_jaccard:
+                continue
+            cochange_rows.append([file_a, file_b, str(count), f"{jaccard:.6f}"])
+
+    write_csv(
+        out_dir / "people.csv",
+        [
+            "person_id",
+            "name",
+            "email",
+            "first_seen",
+            "last_seen",
+            "commit_count",
+            "touches",
+            "sensitive_touches",
+            "primary_tz_offset",
+            "primary_tz_minutes",
+            "timezone_offsets",
+        ],
+        people_rows,
+    )
+    write_csv(
+        out_dir / "files.csv",
+        [
+            "file_id",
+            "path",
+            "first_seen",
+            "last_seen",
+            "commit_count",
+            "touches",
+            "bus_factor",
+            "sensitivity_score",
+            "sensitivity_tags",
+        ],
+        file_rows,
+    )
+    write_csv(
+        out_dir / "edges.csv",
+        [
+            "person_id",
+            "file_id",
+            "touches",
+            "recency_weight",
+            "first_seen",
+            "last_seen",
+            "sensitive_weight",
+        ],
+        edge_rows,
+    )
+    if not args.no_cochange:
+        write_csv(
+            out_dir / "cochange_edges.csv",
+            [
+                "file_a",
+                "file_b",
+                "cochange_count",
+                "jaccard",
+            ],
+            cochange_rows,
+        )
+
+    orphaned_sensitive_code = []
+    bus_factor_hotspots = []
+    for path, file_entry in files.items():
+        tags = file_entry["sensitive_tags"]
+        if not tags:
+            continue
+        bus_factor = len(file_entry["authors"])
+        last_seen = file_entry["last_seen"]
+        age_days = (now - last_seen).days
+        top_owner = None
+        if path in file_people_touches:
+            top_owner = max(file_people_touches[path].items(), key=lambda item: item[1])[0]
+        hotspot = {
+            "path": path,
+            "bus_factor": bus_factor,
+            "last_touch": last_seen.isoformat(),
+            "sensitivity_tags": sorted(tags.keys()),
+            "top_owner": top_owner,
+        }
+        if bus_factor <= args.bus_factor_threshold:
+            bus_factor_hotspots.append(hotspot)
+            if age_days >= args.stale_days:
+                orphaned_sensitive_code.append(
+                    {
+                        **hotspot,
+                        "last_security_touch": last_seen.isoformat(),
+                    }
+                )
+
+    hidden_owners = []
+    for tag, total in tag_totals.items():
+        if total <= 0:
+            continue
+        person_totals = tag_person_totals[tag]
+        if not person_totals:
+            continue
+        top_email, top_value = max(person_totals.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])
+        share = top_value / total
+        if share >= args.owner_threshold:
+            person_name = people.get(top_email, {}).get("name", top_email)
+            hidden_owners.append(
+                {
+                    "person": top_email,
+                    "name": person_name,
+                    "controls": f"{share * 100:.0f}% of {tag} code",
+                    "category": tag,
+                    "share": round(share, 4),
+                }
+            )
+
+    summary = {
+        "generated_at": now.isoformat(),
+        "repo": os.path.abspath(args.repo),
+        "parameters": {
+            "since": args.since,
+            "until": args.until,
+            "half_life_days": args.half_life_days,
+            "bus_factor_threshold": args.bus_factor_threshold,
+            "stale_days": args.stale_days,
+            "owner_threshold": args.owner_threshold,
+            "sensitive_config": args.sensitive_config,
+            "identity": args.identity,
+            "date_field": args.date_field,
+            "include_merges": args.include_merges,
+            "cochange_enabled": not args.no_cochange,
+            "cochange_max_files": args.cochange_max_files,
+            "cochange_min_count": args.cochange_min_count,
+            "cochange_min_jaccard": args.cochange_min_jaccard,
+            "cochange_default_excludes": not args.no_default_cochange_excludes,
+            "cochange_excludes": cochange_excludes,
+            "author_default_excludes": not args.no_default_author_excludes,
+            "author_exclude_regexes": author_exclude_regexes,
+            "community_top_owners": args.community_top_owners,
+        },
+        "orphaned_sensitive_code": orphaned_sensitive_code,
+        "hidden_owners": hidden_owners,
+        "bus_factor_hotspots": bus_factor_hotspots,
+        "stats": {
+            "commits": total_commits_included,
+            "commits_seen": total_commits_seen,
+            "commits_excluded_identities": commits_excluded_identities,
+            "commits_excluded_merges": commits_excluded_merges,
+            "edges": total_edges,
+            "people": len(people),
+            "files": len(files),
+            "cochange_pairs_total": len(cochange_counts) if not args.no_cochange else 0,
+            "cochange_edges": len(cochange_rows) if not args.no_cochange else 0,
+            "cochange_commits_used": cochange_commits_used if not args.no_cochange else 0,
+            "cochange_commits_skipped": cochange_commits_skipped if not args.no_cochange else 0,
+            "cochange_commits_filtered": cochange_commits_filtered if not args.no_cochange else 0,
+            "cochange_files_excluded": cochange_files_excluded if not args.no_cochange else 0,
+        },
+    }
+
+    with (out_dir / "summary.json").open("w", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+        json.dump(summary, handle, indent=2)
+
+    if args.communities or args.graphml:
+        try:
+            import networkx as nx
+            from networkx.algorithms import bipartite
+        except ImportError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "networkx is required for communities/graphml output. Install with: pip install networkx"
+            )
+        else:
+            graph_bipartite = None
+            graph_cochange = None
+            person_nodes = set()
+            file_nodes = set()
+            community_index: dict[str, int] = {}
+            community_metadata: list[dict[str, object]] = []
+
+            if args.graphml or (args.communities and (args.no_cochange or not cochange_rows)):
+                graph_bipartite = nx.Graph()
+                for (email, path), edge in edges.items():
+                    if int(edge["touches"]) < args.min_touches:
+                        continue
+                    graph_bipartite.add_node(email, node_type="person")
+                    graph_bipartite.add_node(path, node_type="file")
+                    graph_bipartite.add_edge(email, path, weight=float(edge["touches"]))
+                    person_nodes.add(email)
+                    file_nodes.add(path)
+
+            if not args.no_cochange and cochange_rows:
+                graph_cochange = nx.Graph()
+                for file_a, file_b, count, jaccard in cochange_rows:
+                    graph_cochange.add_edge(
+                        file_a,
+                        file_b,
+                        weight=float(jaccard),
+                        count=int(count),
+                    )
+
+            if args.communities:
+                communities_result = None
+                if graph_cochange is not None:
+                    communities_result = list(
+                        nx.algorithms.community.greedy_modularity_communities(
+                            graph_cochange, weight="weight"
+                        )
+                    )
+                elif graph_bipartite is not None and file_nodes:
+                    projected = bipartite.weighted_projected_graph(graph_bipartite, file_nodes)
+                    communities_result = list(
+                        nx.algorithms.community.greedy_modularity_communities(projected)
+                    )
+
+                if communities_result is not None:
+                    serialized = []
+                    for idx, community in enumerate(communities_result, start=1):
+                        files_list = sorted(community)
+                        owners = compute_community_owners(
+                            files_list,
+                            people,
+                            file_people_touches,
+                            file_people_recency,
+                            file_people_sensitive,
+                            args.community_top_owners,
+                        )
+                        for path in files_list:
+                            community_index[path] = idx
+                        entry = {
+                            "id": idx,
+                            "size": len(files_list),
+                            "files": files_list[: args.max_community_files],
+                            "maintainers": owners["top_maintainers"],
+                            "bus_factor": owners["bus_factor"],
+                            "owner_count": owners["owner_count"],
+                            "totals": owners["totals"],
+                        }
+                        serialized.append(entry)
+                        metadata = dict(entry)
+                        metadata.pop("files", None)
+                        community_metadata.append(metadata)
+                    with (out_dir / "communities.json").open("w", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+                        json.dump(serialized, handle, indent=2)
+
+            if args.communities:
+                for node, community_id in community_index.items():
+                    if graph_cochange is not None and node in graph_cochange:
+                        graph_cochange.nodes[node]["community_id"] = community_id
+                    if graph_bipartite is not None and node in graph_bipartite:
+                        graph_bipartite.nodes[node]["community_id"] = community_id
+
+                graph_for_json = graph_cochange or graph_bipartite
+                if graph_for_json is not None:
+                    try:
+                        from networkx.readwrite import json_graph
+                    except ImportError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        data = json_graph.node_link_data(graph_for_json, edges="edges")
+                        data.setdefault("graph", {})
+                        data["graph"]["community_maintainers"] = community_metadata
+                        json_name = (
+                            "cochange.graph.json"
+                            if graph_for_json is graph_cochange
+                            else "ownership.graph.json"
+                        )
+                        with (out_dir / json_name).open("w", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+                            json.dump(data, handle, indent=2)
+
+            if args.graphml:
+                if graph_bipartite is not None:
+                    nx.write_graphml(graph_bipartite, out_dir / "ownership.graphml")
+                if graph_cochange is not None:
+                    nx.write_graphml(graph_cochange, out_dir / "cochange.graphml")
+
+    return out_dir
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    args = parse_args()
+    try:
+        out_dir = build_ownership_map(args)
+    except RuntimeError as exc:
+        print(str(exc), file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    print(f"Ownership map written to {out_dir}")
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())