@mitre/hdf-schema 3.1.0 → 3.3.0

package/dist/schemas/hdf-system.schema.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-  "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/hdf-system/v3.1.0",
+  "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/hdf-system/v3.3.0",
   "title": "HDF System",
   "description": "Describes a system's authorization boundary, components, and interconnections. Maps to OSCAL SSP system-characteristics and FedRAMP system inventory.",
   "type": "object",
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
       "description": "Stable UUID (RFC 4122) for this system. Enables cross-document correlation independent of file location. Optional in casual use, expected in production documents."
     },
     "owner": {
-      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Identity",
+      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Identity",
       "description": "Team or individual responsible for this system's authorization and compliance. Maps to OSCAL responsible-party with role 'system-owner'."
     },
     "name": {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
       "description": "Description of the system's purpose and mission."
     },
     "authorizationStatus": {
-      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.1.0#/$defs/Authorization_Status",
+      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.3.0#/$defs/Authorization_Status",
       "description": "Current Authorization to Operate (ATO) status."
     },
     "authorizationDate": {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
       "description": "Date the current authorization status was granted. ISO 8601 format."
     },
     "categorizationLevel": {
-      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.1.0#/$defs/Categorization_Level",
+      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.3.0#/$defs/Categorization_Level",
       "description": "FIPS 199 security categorization (impact level)."
     },
     "boundaryDescription": {
@@ -57,21 +57,21 @@
       "type": "array",
       "minItems": 1,
       "items": {
-        "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/component/v3.1.0#/$defs/Component"
+        "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/component/v3.3.0#/$defs/Component"
       },
       "description": "System components within the authorization boundary. Uses the full polymorphic Component type with stable identity (componentId), external references, and SBOM support."
     },
     "controlDesignations": {
       "type": "array",
       "items": {
-        "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.1.0#/$defs/Control_Designation"
+        "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.3.0#/$defs/Control_Designation"
       },
       "description": "Declares which controls are common, hybrid, or system-specific, and which component provides them. Maps to NIST SP 800-53 control designations and OSCAL leveraged-authorizations."
     },
     "dataFlows": {
       "type": "array",
       "items": {
-        "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/data-flow/v3.1.0#/$defs/Data_Flow"
+        "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/data-flow/v3.3.0#/$defs/Data_Flow"
       },
       "description": "Inter-component data flows describing how components communicate. Supports local, cross-system, and external flows. Replaces the interconnections[] field."
     },
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
       "description": "Optional key-value labels for grouping and querying systems."
     },
     "integrity": {
-      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.1.0#/$defs/Integrity",
+      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.3.0#/$defs/Integrity",
       "description": "Cryptographic integrity information for verifying this system document has not been tampered with."
     },
     "version": {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
       "description": "Version of this system document."
     },
     "generator": {
-      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.1.0#/$defs/Generator",
+      "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.3.0#/$defs/Generator",
       "description": "Information about the tool that generated this system document."
     }
   },
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@
     }
   ],
   "$defs": {
-    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0": {
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0": {
       "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0",
       "title": "HDF Common Primitives",
       "description": "Shared building blocks used by hdf-results and hdf-baseline schemas.",
       "$defs": {
@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@
             },
             "type": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "Identity Type",
               "enum": [
                 "email",
                 "username",
@@ -451,6 +452,7 @@
           "properties": {
             "type": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "Evidence Type",
               "enum": [
                 "screenshot",
                 "code",
@@ -627,6 +629,7 @@
             },
             "status": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "Milestone Status",
               "enum": [
                 "pending",
                 "inProgress",
@@ -886,15 +889,42 @@
             },
             "code": {
               "type": "string",
-              "description": "The raw source code of the requirement. Set to null for manual-only requirements or requirements not yet implemented. Note that if this is an overlay, it does not include the underlying source code."
+              "description": "The raw source code of the requirement. Set to null for manual-only requirements or requirements not yet implemented; use verificationMethod to disambiguate manual-by-design from manual-pending-automation. Note that if this is an overlay, it does not include the underlying source code."
             },
             "sourceLocation": {
               "$ref": "#/$defs/Source_Location",
               "description": "The explicit location of the requirement within the source code."
+            },
+            "controlType": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "title": "Control Type",
+              "enum": [
+                "policy",
+                "procedure",
+                "technical",
+                "management",
+                "operational"
+              ],
+              "description": "Classification of the control's nature, aligning with NIST SP 800-53 / SP 800-53A categories. 'policy' = an authored governance statement; 'procedure' = a documented process; 'technical' = an enforced technical configuration; 'management' = a programmatic/management activity; 'operational' = a recurring operational activity (e.g. AT, IR, MA families). Optional: when omitted, consumers may infer heuristically from family/id but should not assume a default."
+            },
+            "verificationMethod": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/Verification_Method_Enum",
+              "description": "How this requirement is intended to be verified. Disambiguates the two cases that null 'code' overloads: 'manual-by-design' (the requirement is statement-form and not amenable to automation, e.g. FedRAMP 20x KSIs); 'manual-pending-automation' (automation could exist but does not yet, e.g. a STIG rule lacking a fix). 'automated' = a check exists and runs without operator action; 'hybrid' = part automated, part manual. Optional: when omitted, consumers should not infer a default."
+            },
+            "applicability": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "title": "Applicability",
+              "enum": [
+                "required",
+                "optional",
+                "advisory"
+              ],
+              "description": "Whether the requirement is mandatory within its baseline. Distinct from severity (risk weight) and status (lifecycle state). Maps cleanly onto: FedRAMP rev5 OSCAL 'CORE' prop, FedRAMP 20x inline 'Optional:' markers, CMMC sublevel rows, and CIS Implementation Group memberships (IG1/IG2/IG3 may carry richer semantics; layer those onto props[]/tags{}). Optional: when omitted, consumers should treat the requirement as 'required' by convention."
             }
           },
           "examples": [
             {
+              "$comment": "v3.1.x-style requirement: classification fields omitted. Consumers must continue to handle this shape under v3.3.0 (backward compatibility).",
               "id": "SV-238196",
               "title": "The Ubuntu operating system must enforce password complexity",
               "impact": 0.5,
@@ -922,11 +952,85 @@
                   "data": "Verify the value of 'minlen' in /etc/security/pwquality.conf."
                 }
               ]
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "v3.2 example populating all three classification fields. controlType=technical because AC-3 is enforced via configuration, not policy text. verificationMethod=automated because a check exists. applicability=required because this is a CORE control in the source baseline.",
+              "id": "AC-3",
+              "title": "Access Enforcement",
+              "impact": 0.7,
+              "tags": {
+                "nist": [
+                  "AC-3"
+                ],
+                "severity": "high"
+              },
+              "descriptions": [
+                {
+                  "label": "default",
+                  "data": "The information system enforces approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources."
+                }
+              ],
+              "code": "control 'AC-3' do; impact 0.7; end",
+              "controlType": "technical",
+              "verificationMethod": "automated",
+              "applicability": "required"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "v3.2 example for a manual-by-design requirement. FedRAMP 20x KSIs are statement-form: code is omitted (not null) and verificationMethod=manual-by-design distinguishes this from 'automation could exist but doesn't yet'. controlType=policy because this is an authored governance statement.",
+              "id": "KSI-CNA-01",
+              "title": "Cyber Security Plan documents the system",
+              "impact": 0.5,
+              "tags": {
+                "ksi": [
+                  "KSI-CNA"
+                ]
+              },
+              "descriptions": [
+                {
+                  "label": "default",
+                  "data": "The Cyber Security Plan documents the system, its boundary, and its components."
+                }
+              ],
+              "controlType": "policy",
+              "verificationMethod": "manual-by-design",
+              "applicability": "required"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "v3.2 example for a STIG rule lacking a <fix>. Differs from manual-by-design: automation should exist, just not yet. applicability=advisory used here because the source format flagged it as recommended-but-not-mandatory; CIS-style IG memberships and FedRAMP 'Optional:' markers map onto applicability=optional or advisory similarly.",
+              "id": "SV-999999",
+              "title": "Example STIG rule pending automation",
+              "impact": 0.3,
+              "tags": {
+                "stig_id": "SV-999999"
+              },
+              "descriptions": [
+                {
+                  "label": "default",
+                  "data": "Example requirement that is intended to be automated but currently lacks a fix block."
+                },
+                {
+                  "label": "check",
+                  "data": "Manual review of system configuration is required."
+                }
+              ],
+              "verificationMethod": "manual-pending-automation",
+              "applicability": "advisory"
             }
           ],
           "description": "Core requirement fields shared between baseline requirements and evaluated requirements. Contains the fundamental requirement definition without assessment results.",
           "title": "Requirement Core"
         },
+        "Verification_Method_Enum": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": [
+            "automated",
+            "manual-by-design",
+            "manual-pending-automation",
+            "hybrid"
+          ],
+          "description": "How a requirement is intended to be verified. Disambiguates the two cases that null 'code' overloads: 'manual-by-design' (the requirement is statement-form and not amenable to automation, e.g. FedRAMP 20x KSIs); 'manual-pending-automation' (automation could exist but does not yet, e.g. a STIG rule lacking a fix). 'automated' = a check exists and runs without operator action; 'hybrid' = part automated, part manual. Named '_Enum' to disambiguate from the unrelated Verification_Method DID-context struct.",
+          "title": "Verification Method Enum"
+        },
         "Severity": {
           "type": "string",
           "enum": [
@@ -957,9 +1061,9 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.1.0": {
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.3.0": {
       "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.1.0",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.3.0",
       "title": "HDF System Primitives",
       "description": "Types for describing system architecture, authorization boundaries, and components.",
       "$defs": {
@@ -1010,7 +1114,7 @@
               "description": "Rationale for why this override is needed."
             },
             "approvedBy": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Identity",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Identity",
               "description": "Identity of the person or system that approved this override."
             }
           },
@@ -1040,6 +1144,7 @@
             },
             "designation": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "Designation",
               "enum": [
                 "common",
                 "system-specific",
@@ -1091,9 +1196,9 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/component/v3.1.0": {
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/component/v3.3.0": {
       "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/component/v3.1.0",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/component/v3.3.0",
       "title": "HDF Component Primitives",
       "description": "First-class system component with identity, polymorphic type, SBOM embedding, and system-binding properties. Components are the successor to Targets, adding stable identity (componentId), external system cross-references, and software inventory.",
       "$defs": {
@@ -1107,6 +1212,20 @@
           "properties": {
             "type": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "Target Type",
+              "enum": [
+                "host",
+                "containerImage",
+                "containerInstance",
+                "containerPlatform",
+                "cloudAccount",
+                "cloudResource",
+                "repository",
+                "application",
+                "artifact",
+                "network",
+                "database"
+              ],
               "description": "Component type discriminator. Same values as Target types."
             },
             "name": {
@@ -1123,7 +1242,7 @@
               "description": "Description of this component's role or purpose."
             },
             "owner": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Identity",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Identity",
               "description": "Team or individual responsible for this component. Enables per-component ownership when different teams manage different parts of a system."
             },
             "externalIds": {
@@ -1151,6 +1270,7 @@
             },
             "sbomFormat": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "SBOM Format",
               "enum": [
                 "cyclonedx",
                 "spdx"
@@ -1167,12 +1287,12 @@
             "inputOverrides": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
-                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.1.0#/$defs/Input_Override"
+                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.3.0#/$defs/Input_Override"
               },
               "description": "System-specific overrides for baseline input values."
             },
             "targetSelector": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.1.0#/$defs/Target_Selector",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/system/v3.3.0#/$defs/Target_Selector",
               "description": "Label selector to match targets belonging to this component during migration. Targets with matching labels are automatically included."
             }
           },
@@ -1492,7 +1612,7 @@
                   "const": "cloudAccount"
                 },
                 "provider": {
-                  "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Cloud_Provider",
+                  "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Cloud_Provider",
                   "description": "Cloud provider."
                 },
                 "accountId": {
@@ -1531,7 +1651,7 @@
                   "const": "cloudResource"
                 },
                 "provider": {
-                  "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Cloud_Provider",
+                  "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Cloud_Provider",
                   "description": "Cloud provider."
                 },
                 "resourceType": {
@@ -1711,9 +1831,9 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/data-flow/v3.1.0": {
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/data-flow/v3.3.0": {
       "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/data-flow/v3.1.0",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/data-flow/v3.3.0",
       "title": "HDF Data Flow Primitives",
       "description": "Types for describing data flows between components within a system and across system boundaries. Data flows model network connections, API calls, database queries, and other inter-component communication.",
       "$defs": {
@@ -1806,6 +1926,7 @@
             },
             "direction": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "Direction",
               "enum": [
                 "unidirectional",
                 "bidirectional"
@@ -1869,9 +1990,9 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.1.0": {
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.3.0": {
       "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.1.0",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/extensions/v3.3.0",
       "title": "HDF Extension Primitives",
       "description": "Extension types for waivers, attestations, generators, and integrity.",
       "$defs": {
@@ -1899,15 +2020,15 @@
           ],
           "properties": {
             "type": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.1.0#/$defs/Override_Type",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.3.0#/$defs/Override_Type",
               "description": "The type of override applied to this requirement."
             },
             "status": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.1.0#/$defs/Result_Status",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.3.0#/$defs/Result_Status",
               "description": "The new status this override sets for the requirement. Optional when only impact is being overridden."
             },
             "impact": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.1.0#/$defs/Impact_Override",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.3.0#/$defs/Impact_Override",
               "description": "Override to the requirement's impact score. At least one of status or impact must be set."
             },
             "reason": {
@@ -1915,7 +2036,7 @@
               "description": "Explanation for why this override was applied."
             },
             "appliedBy": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Identity",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Identity",
               "description": "Identity of who applied this override. For simple cases, use type 'simple' with just an identifier."
             },
             "appliedAt": {
@@ -1929,19 +2050,28 @@
               "description": "Timestamp when this override expires and must be reviewed/renewed. REQUIRED - no permanent overrides allowed. ISO 8601 format."
             },
             "signature": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Signature",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Signature",
               "description": "Optional digital signature for enhanced trust and non-repudiation. Supports hardware security tokens (PKCS#11/PKCS#12), Yubikeys, GPG keys, passkeys, and other signing methods."
             },
             "evidence": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
-                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Evidence"
+                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Evidence"
               },
               "description": "Supporting evidence for this override, such as screenshots demonstrating manual verification for attestations."
             },
             "previousChecksum": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Checksum",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Checksum",
               "description": "SHA-256 checksum of the previous amendment in chronological order. Creates a tamper-evident chain of amendments (similar to blockchain). Null for the first amendment on a requirement."
+            },
+            "cvss": {
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/cvss/v3.3.0#/$defs/Cvss",
+              "$comment": "When present alongside impact.value on a riskAdjustment override, impact.value should be approximately cvss.computedScore / 10.0. Soft consistency rule — validators may warn but should not error. The cvss block makes Environmental/Threat enrichment auditable.",
+              "description": "Structured CVSS scoring data backing this override. Captures the rubric (which Environmental/Threat metrics the consumer modified, the recomputed score) used to justify a riskAdjustment. For other override types this is optional context."
+            },
+            "justification": {
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.3.0#/$defs/Justification",
+              "description": "Structured controlled-vocabulary classification for why this override applies. Complements (does not replace) the free-text 'reason' field. Most useful on falsePositive and attestation overrides where the structured category enables filtering and lossless round-trip with VEX / OSCAL / FedRAMP DR. See the Justification primitive for the precedent vocabulary and rationale."
             }
           },
           "examples": [
@@ -2033,6 +2163,7 @@
           "properties": {
             "type": {
               "type": "string",
+              "title": "POAM Type",
               "enum": [
                 "remediation",
                 "mitigation",
@@ -2046,7 +2177,7 @@
               "description": "Detailed explanation of the plan, including what actions will be taken."
             },
             "appliedBy": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Identity",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Identity",
               "description": "Identity of who created this POA&M. For simple cases, use type 'simple' with just an identifier."
             },
             "appliedAt": {
@@ -2062,23 +2193,23 @@
             "milestones": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
-                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Milestone"
+                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Milestone"
               },
               "description": "Optional array of milestones tracking progress toward completion."
             },
             "signature": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Signature",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Signature",
               "description": "Optional digital signature for enhanced trust and non-repudiation."
             },
             "evidence": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
-                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Evidence"
+                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Evidence"
               },
               "description": "Supporting evidence for this POA&M, such as documentation of compensating controls or mitigation implementation."
             },
             "previousChecksum": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Checksum",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Checksum",
               "description": "SHA-256 checksum of the previous amendment in chronological order. Creates a tamper-evident chain of amendments (similar to blockchain). Null for the first amendment on a requirement."
             }
           },
@@ -2229,7 +2360,7 @@
           },
           "properties": {
             "algorithm": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Hash_Algorithm",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Hash_Algorithm",
               "description": "The hash algorithm used for the checksum."
             },
             "checksum": {
@@ -2262,9 +2393,9 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.1.0": {
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.3.0": {
       "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.1.0",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/amendments/v3.3.0",
       "title": "HDF Amendment Primitives",
       "description": "Types for waivers, attestations, and POA&Ms that modify requirement compliance status.",
       "$defs": {
@@ -2282,6 +2413,24 @@
           "description": "The type of amendment, aligned with FedRAMP deviation request categories. 'waiver': risk accepted by Authorizing Official. 'attestation': manually verified by assessor. 'poam': remediation tracked (no status change). 'inherited': control provided by another component or system. 'falsePositive': scanner incorrectly identified a finding — for compliance scans (STIG, CIS), the check actually passes, so status is typically set to 'passed'; for vulnerability scans (CVE, SCA), the flagged vulnerability does not apply to this system, so status is typically set to 'notApplicable'. The disposition field on the requirement distinguishes false positives from genuinely not-applicable findings. 'riskAdjustment': impact score adjusted based on environmental context (FedRAMP Risk Adjustment); does not change pass/fail status, only impact via the impact field. 'operationalRequirement': deviation required by operational constraints (FedRAMP Operational Requirement); the finding cannot be remediated because the system requires the affected functionality. Remains an open risk. Migration note: 'exception' was removed in v3.1.0 — use 'waiver' with status 'notApplicable' instead.",
           "title": "Override Type"
         },
+        "Justification": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": [
+            "component_not_present",
+            "vulnerable_code_not_present",
+            "vulnerable_code_not_in_execute_path",
+            "vulnerable_code_cannot_be_controlled_by_adversary",
+            "inline_mitigations_already_exist",
+            "requires_configuration",
+            "requires_dependency",
+            "requires_environment",
+            "protected_by_compiler",
+            "protected_at_runtime",
+            "protected_at_perimeter"
+          ],
+          "description": "Structured controlled-vocabulary reason for an override, complementing the free-text 'reason' field. 'reason' carries the human-readable rationale an auditor reads; 'justification' carries the machine-readable category enabling filtering, aggregation, and lossless round-trip with structured ecosystems (VEX, OSCAL, FedRAMP DR). Both fields may be present simultaneously and are NOT redundant: 'reason' explains the specific circumstance; 'justification' classifies it. Authors SHOULD populate both when a controlled-vocabulary value applies — the enum value alone is not self-explanatory to an auditor. The vocabulary is drawn from the VEX ecosystem: the first five values are common across OpenVEX, CSAF VEX, and CycloneDX VEX; the remaining six (requires_configuration / requires_dependency / requires_environment / protected_by_compiler / protected_at_runtime / protected_at_perimeter) are CycloneDX-specific and describe why the vulnerable code path is unreachable in the deployed configuration. The enum is extended additively across schema versions as other ecosystems' controlled vocabularies are integrated; documents using values added in a newer schema version will fail validation against an older schema. Consumers SHOULD validate against the schema version declared by the document ($schema) rather than assume a fixed vocabulary.",
+          "title": "Justification"
+        },
         "Impact_Override": {
           "type": "object",
           "required": [
@@ -2301,6 +2450,7 @@
         },
         "Standalone_Override": {
           "type": "object",
+          "description": "A standalone override to a requirement's compliance status or risk impact. Validation has two branches gated on 'type': when type is 'operationalRequirement', neither 'status' nor 'impact' may be set — the override records accepted risk without changing the finding (documentation-only). For all other types, at least one of 'status' or 'impact' must be set. This rule aligns with: (1) OSCAL Assessment Results — finding.target.status and finding.associated-risk[].facet[] are separate axes (https://pages.nist.gov/OSCAL/learn/concepts/layer/assessment/assessment-results/); (2) FedRAMP deviation request types — Risk Adjustment changes impact only, Operational Requirement documents acceptance only, False Positive changes status (https://www.ignyteplatform.com/blog/fedramp/fedramp-deviation-requests-submit/); (3) NIST SP 800-37 RMF — risk response (accept/mitigate/transfer) is a separate step from control assessment status (https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/37/r2/final).",
           "unevaluatedProperties": false,
           "required": [
             "type",
@@ -2310,18 +2460,48 @@
             "appliedAt",
             "expiresAt"
           ],
-          "anyOf": [
-            {
-              "required": [
-                "status"
-              ]
+          "if": {
+            "properties": {
+              "type": {
+                "enum": [
+                  "operationalRequirement"
+                ]
+              }
             },
-            {
-              "required": [
-                "impact"
+            "required": [
+              "type"
+            ]
+          },
+          "then": {
+            "not": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "required": [
+                    "status"
+                  ]
+                },
+                {
+                  "required": [
+                    "impact"
+                  ]
+                }
               ]
             }
-          ],
+          },
+          "else": {
+            "anyOf": [
+              {
+                "required": [
+                  "status"
+                ]
+              },
+              {
+                "required": [
+                  "impact"
+                ]
+              }
+            ]
+          },
           "properties": {
             "type": {
               "$ref": "#/$defs/Override_Type",
@@ -2336,7 +2516,7 @@
               "description": "Name of the baseline containing the requirement. Required when the system has multiple baselines with potentially overlapping requirement IDs."
             },
             "status": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.1.0#/$defs/Result_Status",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.3.0#/$defs/Result_Status",
               "description": "The new status this amendment sets. Optional when only impact is being overridden."
             },
             "impact": {
@@ -2348,7 +2528,7 @@
               "description": "Justification for this amendment."
             },
             "appliedBy": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Identity",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Identity",
               "description": "Identity of who applied this amendment."
             },
             "appliedAt": {
@@ -2364,22 +2544,31 @@
             "evidence": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
-                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Evidence"
+                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Evidence"
               },
               "description": "Supporting evidence (screenshots, logs, URLs, documents)."
             },
             "signature": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Signature",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Signature",
               "description": "Digital signature for non-repudiation."
             },
             "previousChecksum": {
-              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Checksum",
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Checksum",
               "description": "Checksum of the prior amendment in the chain. Creates a tamper-evident linked list. Null for the first amendment."
             },
+            "cvss": {
+              "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/cvss/v3.3.0#/$defs/Cvss",
+              "$comment": "When present alongside impact.value on a riskAdjustment override, impact.value should be approximately cvss.computedScore / 10.0. Soft consistency rule — validators may warn but should not error. The cvss block makes Environmental/Threat enrichment auditable.",
+              "description": "Structured CVSS scoring data backing this override. Captures the rubric (which Environmental/Threat metrics the consumer modified, the recomputed score) used to justify a riskAdjustment. For other override types this is optional context."
+            },
+            "justification": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/Justification",
+              "description": "Structured controlled-vocabulary classification for why this override applies. Complements (does not replace) the free-text 'reason' field. Most useful on falsePositive and attestation overrides where the structured category enables filtering and lossless round-trip with VEX / OSCAL / FedRAMP DR. See the Justification primitive for the precedent vocabulary and rationale."
+            },
             "milestones": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
-                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.1.0#/$defs/Milestone"
+                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/common/v3.3.0#/$defs/Milestone"
               },
               "description": "Remediation milestones (primarily for POA&M type amendments)."
             },
@@ -2392,6 +2581,13 @@
               "type": "string",
               "format": "uuid",
               "description": "componentId of the component this amendment is scoped to. When set, the amendment only applies to the specified component. When omitted, the amendment applies system-wide."
+            },
+            "affectedPackages": {
+              "type": "array",
+              "items": {
+                "$ref": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/affected-package/v3.3.0#/$defs/Affected_Package"
+              },
+              "description": "Software packages this amendment is scoped to, distinct from componentRef (which scopes to an HDF-internal Component by UUID). Use when the source amendment format references packages by purl/cpe/name+version — e.g., VEX `affects[]` / `products[]`, OSCAL POA&M `subjects[]`, FedRAMP component-aware amendments. Symmetric with Evaluated_Requirement.affectedPackages, which scopes findings to the same package vocabulary. When omitted, the amendment applies system-wide (or only to componentRef when that is set)."
             }
           },
           "examples": [
@@ -2493,16 +2689,38 @@
               },
               "appliedAt": "2026-03-26T10:00:00Z",
               "expiresAt": "2026-09-26T00:00:00Z"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "VEX-style import — falsePositive scoped to specific packages by purl. The affectedPackages array carries structured product identity instead of squeezing 'Products: …' into the reason free-text field.",
+              "type": "falsePositive",
+              "requirementId": "CVE-2026-12345",
+              "status": "notApplicable",
+              "reason": "Vulnerable code path is not present in our build — dependency compiled with the affected module disabled",
+              "justification": "vulnerable_code_not_present",
+              "appliedBy": {
+                "type": "email",
+                "identifier": "secops@org.gov"
+              },
+              "appliedAt": "2026-05-01T10:00:00Z",
+              "expiresAt": "2027-05-01T00:00:00Z",
+              "affectedPackages": [
+                {
+                  "purl": "pkg:npm/lodash@4.17.20"
+                },
+                {
+                  "purl": "pkg:rpm/openssl@1.1.1k-2.el8",
+                  "fixedInVersion": "1.1.1k-3.el8"
+                }
+              ]
             }
           ],
-          "description": "A standalone amendment that modifies a requirement's compliance status and/or impact score. At least one of status or impact must be set. Extends the inline Override concept with requirementId and baselineRef for use outside of results documents.",
           "title": "Standalone Override"
         }
       }
     },
-    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.1.0": {
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.3.0": {
       "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
-      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.1.0",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/result/v3.3.0",
       "title": "HDF Result Primitives",
       "description": "Types for representing assessment results and statuses.",
       "$defs": {
@@ -2632,6 +2850,325 @@
           "title": "Requirement Description"
         }
       }
+    },
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/cvss/v3.3.0": {
+      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/cvss/v3.3.0",
+      "title": "HDF CVSS Primitives",
+      "description": "Types for representing CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) data attached to assessment findings. Supports CVSS v2.0, v3.0, v3.1, and v4.0 metric groups (Base, Threat, Environmental, Supplemental).",
+      "$defs": {
+        "Cvss_Severity": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": [
+            "none",
+            "low",
+            "medium",
+            "high",
+            "critical"
+          ],
+          "description": "Qualitative CVSS severity band. Aligns with FIRST/NVD bands: none=0.0, low=0.1-3.9, medium=4.0-6.9, high=7.0-8.9, critical=9.0-10.0. Distinct from the broader Severity enum used on Requirement_Core (which includes 'informational').",
+          "title": "CVSS Severity"
+        },
+        "Cvss": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "unevaluatedProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "version"
+          ],
+          "anyOf": [
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "baseScore"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "baseVector"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "threatVector"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "threatScore"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "environmentalVector"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "environmentalScore"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "supplementalVector"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "computedScore"
+              ]
+            }
+          ],
+          "$comment": "Only `version` is required; every metric/score field is optional because a single Cvss instance may represent vendor-supplied Base data (on a finding's cvss[]), consumer-supplied enrichment (on a riskAdjustment override — Environmental/Threat/Supplemental deltas with NO base, since base is the finding's scan-specific vendor data), or a fully-resolved effectiveCvss. The Base/Threat/Environmental/Supplemental groups do not partition cleanly into vendor-vs-consumer (Threat straddles: vendor temporal data and consumer exploit-maturity both live here), so a single permissive type is more honest than separate vendor/consumer types. The anyOf guardrail rejects a content-free object (e.g. {version} alone) by requiring at least one substantive metric or score. baseVector remains optional even when baseScore is present: some vendor tools (Twistlock/Prisma Cloud) emit a final score without the vector that derived it — that score is captured structurally rather than lost.",
+          "properties": {
+            "version": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "enum": [
+                "2.0",
+                "3.0",
+                "3.1",
+                "4.0"
+              ],
+              "description": "The CVSS specification version this entry conforms to. Vendor scanners typically emit 3.1 or 4.0; legacy data may use 2.0 or 3.0."
+            },
+            "source": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "description": "Optional identifier the CVSS data is associated with — most commonly a CVE ID (e.g., 'CVE-2024-12345'), but may also be a vendor advisory ID, GHSA, or similar.",
+              "examples": [
+                "CVE-2024-12345",
+                "GHSA-9hjg-9r4m-mvj7",
+                "RHSA-2024:0123"
+              ]
+            },
+            "baseVector": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "$comment": "Optional. Permissive umbrella pattern accepting any FIRST CVSS vector shape — version prefix is optional (CVSS 2.0 has no prefix), metric tokens are alphanumeric uppercase pairs separated by '/'. Strict per-version semantic validation belongs in a separate utility (hdf-utilities `validateCvssVector`), not in the schema. See https://www.first.org/cvss/v4.0/specification-document for the v4 grammar and earlier-version documents for v2/v3.",
+              "pattern": "^(CVSS:[234]\\.[01]/)?[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+(/[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+)*$",
+              "description": "Optional Base metric group vector string as emitted by the source (e.g., 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'). For CVSS 2.0 the version prefix is omitted. Some vendor tools emit a final baseScore without the vector — in that case this field is absent and the score cannot be recomputed or decomposed. The pattern accepts any version-prefixed or prefix-less metric token sequence; semantic validity of individual metrics is checked by hdf-utilities, not by the schema."
+            },
+            "baseScore": {
+              "type": "number",
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "maximum": 10,
+              "description": "The Base score (0.0–10.0) computed from the base vector. Reflects the intrinsic, vendor-published severity before consumer enrichment."
+            },
+            "baseSeverity": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/Cvss_Severity",
+              "description": "Qualitative severity band corresponding to baseScore. CVSS 2.0 does not natively use 'none' or 'critical' bands; map accordingly when populating."
+            },
+            "threatVector": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "$comment": "Threat (formerly Temporal in v3.x) metric group. Consumer-side metrics: Exploit Maturity, Remediation Level, Report Confidence (v3 added E/RL/RC; v4 keeps E only). Same permissive grammar as baseVector but the CVSS version prefix is rarely repeated here.",
+              "pattern": "^(CVSS:[234]\\.[01]/)?[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+(/[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+)*$",
+              "description": "Optional Threat metric group vector segment (e.g., 'E:U/RL:O/RC:C' for CVSS 3.1, or 'E:A' for CVSS 4.0). Consumer-supplied — captures real-world exploitation and remediation context the vendor cannot know."
+            },
+            "threatScore": {
+              "type": "number",
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "maximum": 10,
+              "description": "Optional score (0.0–10.0) recomputed after applying Threat metrics. Always less than or equal to baseScore in practice."
+            },
+            "environmentalVector": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "$comment": "Environmental metric group. Consumer-side: Modified Base metrics (MAV, MAC, MC, MI, MA, ...) plus Security Requirements (CR, IR, AR). Captures how a particular consumer's environment changes the impact of the vulnerability.",
+              "pattern": "^(CVSS:[234]\\.[01]/)?[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+(/[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+)*$",
+              "description": "Optional Environmental metric group vector segment (e.g., 'MAV:N/CR:H/IR:H/AR:H'). Consumer-supplied — reflects the deployment context (criticality, mitigations, network exposure)."
+            },
+            "environmentalScore": {
+              "type": "number",
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "maximum": 10,
+              "description": "Optional score (0.0–10.0) recomputed after applying Environmental metrics."
+            },
+            "supplementalVector": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "$comment": "Supplemental metric group is unique to CVSS 4.0. It conveys context (Safety, Automatable, Recovery, Value Density, Vulnerability Response Effort, Provider Urgency) but by spec does NOT affect any score — purely informational.",
+              "pattern": "^(CVSS:[234]\\.[01]/)?[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+(/[A-Za-z]+:[A-Za-z]+)*$",
+              "description": "Optional Supplemental metric group vector segment (CVSS 4.0 only). Examples: 'S:P/AU:N/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber'. Per CVSS 4.0 spec, supplemental metrics convey additional context but have no impact on the computed score."
+            },
+            "computedScore": {
+              "type": "number",
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "maximum": 10,
+              "description": "Optional final score after combining Base + Threat + Environmental metrics. This is the score consumers should treat as authoritative for risk decisions when present."
+            },
+            "computedSeverity": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/Cvss_Severity",
+              "description": "Qualitative severity band corresponding to computedScore. Same band convention as baseSeverity."
+            }
+          },
+          "examples": [
+            {
+              "$comment": "Base-only: vendor-supplied CVSS 3.1 data exactly as a scanner (e.g., Nessus, Grype) would emit it. No consumer enrichment yet.",
+              "version": "3.1",
+              "source": "CVE-2024-12345",
+              "baseVector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
+              "baseScore": 9.8,
+              "baseSeverity": "critical"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "Base + Threat: consumer added Exploit Maturity ('E:U' = Unproven) and Remediation Level ('RL:O' = Official Fix) to a HTTP/2 'Rapid Reset' DoS finding. Threat score drops from base 7.5 to 5.5.",
+              "version": "3.1",
+              "source": "CVE-2023-44487",
+              "baseVector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
+              "baseScore": 7.5,
+              "baseSeverity": "high",
+              "threatVector": "E:U/RL:O/RC:C",
+              "threatScore": 5.5
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "Base + Environmental: consumer asserts the affected system is high-criticality (CR:H, IR:H, AR:H) AND network-reachable in their environment (MAV:N). Environmental score reflects deployment risk for the xz-utils backdoor.",
+              "version": "3.1",
+              "source": "CVE-2024-3094",
+              "baseVector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
+              "baseScore": 6.7,
+              "baseSeverity": "medium",
+              "environmentalVector": "MAV:N/CR:H/IR:H/AR:H",
+              "environmentalScore": 9,
+              "computedScore": 9,
+              "computedSeverity": "critical"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "Full CVSS 4.0: vendor base + consumer threat (E:A = Attacked, exploits seen in the wild) + environmental (high CIA requirements) + supplemental context (S:P = present safety impact, AU:N = no autonomous spread, RE:M = moderate response effort) for the Fortinet FortiOS pre-auth RCE. computedScore reflects post-mitigation final risk.",
+              "version": "4.0",
+              "source": "CVE-2024-21762",
+              "baseVector": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
+              "baseScore": 9.8,
+              "baseSeverity": "critical",
+              "threatVector": "E:A",
+              "threatScore": 9.3,
+              "environmentalVector": "MAV:N/CR:H/IR:H/AR:H",
+              "environmentalScore": 9.5,
+              "supplementalVector": "S:P/AU:N/V:C/RE:M",
+              "computedScore": 4.2,
+              "computedSeverity": "medium"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "CVSS 2.0 legacy: Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160) as still reported by older scanner output and legacy NVD data. CVSS 2.0 vectors have no 'CVSS:2.0/' prefix.",
+              "version": "2.0",
+              "source": "CVE-2014-0160",
+              "baseVector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N",
+              "baseScore": 5,
+              "baseSeverity": "medium"
+            }
+          ],
+          "description": "A CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) score record for a vulnerability finding. Captures the vendor-supplied Base metric group and optional consumer-supplied Threat, Environmental, and Supplemental metric groups. Supports all four CVSS major versions (2.0, 3.0, 3.1, 4.0). Vector strings are validated against a permissive umbrella grammar; semantic validation (correct metrics per version, correct values per metric) is performed by the hdf-utilities `validateCvssVector` helper rather than at the schema layer.",
+          "title": "CVSS"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/affected-package/v3.3.0": {
+      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+      "$id": "https://mitre.github.io/hdf-libs/schemas/primitives/affected-package/v3.3.0",
+      "title": "HDF Affected Package Primitives",
+      "description": "Types for representing the software package(s) affected by a vulnerability finding.",
+      "$defs": {
+        "Affected_Package": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "unevaluatedProperties": false,
+          "anyOf": [
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "name",
+                "version",
+                "ecosystem"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "purl"
+              ]
+            },
+            {
+              "required": [
+                "cpe"
+              ]
+            }
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "name": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "description": "The package name as published in its ecosystem. Examples: 'openssl' (rpm), 'lodash' (npm), 'org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core' (maven, group:artifact)."
+            },
+            "version": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "description": "The exact version of the package that the vulnerability scanner observed. Use the ecosystem's native version string verbatim (e.g., '1.1.1k-7.el8_4' for rpm, '4.17.20' for npm)."
+            },
+            "ecosystem": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "enum": [
+                "npm",
+                "pypi",
+                "rpm",
+                "deb",
+                "maven",
+                "gem",
+                "nuget",
+                "go",
+                "cargo",
+                "generic"
+              ],
+              "description": "The packaging ecosystem the package belongs to. Use 'generic' for hardware, firmware, or anything outside the listed language/OS package managers."
+            },
+            "cpe": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^cpe:2\\.3:[aho]:.*",
+              "description": "Optional CPE 2.3 URI identifying the affected product. Validated leniently: only the 'cpe:2.3:' prefix and the part-type letter ('a' application, 'h' hardware, 'o' operating system) are enforced here. Use `hdf-utilities.parseCpe` for full-grammar parsing. Example: 'cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:1.1.1k:*:*:*:*:*:*:*'."
+            },
+            "purl": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^pkg:[A-Za-z0-9.+-]+/.+",
+              "description": "Optional Package URL (PURL) identifying the affected package. Validated leniently: only the 'pkg:TYPE/' scheme prefix is enforced here, where TYPE follows the PURL grammar (a letter followed by letters, digits, '.', '+', or '-') and is matched case-insensitively to mirror `hdf-utilities.parsePurl`'s accept-and-warn behavior. Use `parsePurl` for full PURL parsing. Example: 'pkg:rpm/redhat/openssl@1.1.1k-7.el8_4?arch=x86_64'."
+            },
+            "fixedInVersion": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "description": "Optional version string identifying the first release that contains the fix for the vulnerability. Use the same version syntax as `version`. Example: '1.1.1l' fixes 'openssl@1.1.1k'."
+            }
+          },
+          "examples": [
+            {
+              "$comment": "RPM ecosystem with full CPE + PURL — typical Grype/Trivy output for a RHEL host scan.",
+              "name": "openssl",
+              "version": "1.1.1k-7.el8_4",
+              "ecosystem": "rpm",
+              "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:1.1.1k:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
+              "purl": "pkg:rpm/redhat/openssl@1.1.1k-7.el8_4?arch=x86_64",
+              "fixedInVersion": "1.1.1l"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "NPM ecosystem with PURL only — the JavaScript world rarely emits CPEs; PURL is the canonical identifier.",
+              "name": "lodash",
+              "version": "4.17.20",
+              "ecosystem": "npm",
+              "purl": "pkg:npm/lodash@4.17.20",
+              "fixedInVersion": "4.17.21"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "Minimal valid AffectedPackage — only the three required fields. Use when the scanner reports a package by name+version without emitting CPE or PURL strings.",
+              "name": "requests",
+              "version": "2.28.1",
+              "ecosystem": "pypi"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "Maven ecosystem with full identifiers + fixedInVersion — log4j Log4Shell-style finding showing the patch path from vulnerable to fixed.",
+              "name": "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core",
+              "version": "2.14.1",
+              "ecosystem": "maven",
+              "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:log4j:2.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
+              "purl": "pkg:maven/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-core@2.14.1",
+              "fixedInVersion": "2.17.1"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "purl-only — VEX import path where the source format gives a purl and we choose not to decompose it. Valid because purl encodes name/version/ecosystem implicitly.",
+              "purl": "pkg:npm/lodash@4.17.20"
+            },
+            {
+              "$comment": "cpe-only — NIST-flavored scopes where the consumer carries a CPE 2.3 string and no purl. Valid because cpe encodes vendor/product/version.",
+              "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:openssl:openssl:1.1.1k:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
+            }
+          ],
+          "description": "Represents a package referenced by a vulnerability finding or by an amendment's scope. On Evaluated_Requirement.affectedPackages it says 'this CVE affects these package versions'. On Standalone_Override.affectedPackages it says 'this amendment is scoped to these packages' (used by VEX, OSCAL POA&M, FedRAMP component-aware amendments). NOT a system-level component identifier — see `components[]` on hdf-system for those. Validity requires at least one of: (name + version + ecosystem), purl alone, or cpe alone. purl and cpe are self-describing identifiers that encode name/version implicitly, so either may stand on its own; the name+version+ecosystem combination is the explicit form for sources without formal identifiers.",
+          "title": "Affected Package"
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 }