@minhduydev/mdpi 0.3.2 → 0.4.1

package/dist/template/.pi/skills/oklch-color-workflow/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: oklch-color-workflow
+description: Complete OKLCH color system workflow — syntax, thresholds, conversion, palette generation, contrast checking, gamut mapping, and Tailwind v4 migration
+---
+
+# OKLCH Color Workflow
+
+## When to Use
+
+- When defining design tokens or a color palette for a new project
+- When migrating from HEX/RGB to OKLCH in Tailwind v4
+- When needing wider-gamut colors for modern displays (P3, Rec.2020)
+- When creating accessible color systems with predictable lightness and contrast
+- When building design systems that need scientific, perceptually-uniform color
+
+## When NOT to Use
+
+- Projects not using CSS or design tokens (native mobile apps without color system migration)
+- When a pre-built palette (Tailwind default colors, shadcn/ui defaults) is sufficient
+- Quick prototypes where color system design is premature
+
+---
+
+## 1. OKLCH Syntax
+
+OKLCH is a perceptually-uniform color space: equal changes in values produce equal changes in perceived color.
+
+```css
+/* Syntax: oklch(L C H / alpha) */
+/* L: Lightness — 0 (black) to 1 (white) */
+/* C: Chroma — 0 (gray) to ~0.37 (maximum) */
+/* H: Hue — 0 to 360 degrees */
+/* alpha: Optional — 0 to 1 */
+
+oklch(0.5 0.2 280)             /* Medium purple-blue */
+oklch(0.9 0.02 0)              /* Near-white (very low chroma) */
+oklch(0.4 0.25 160 / 0.8)      /* Green with opacity */
+oklch(0.5 0 0)                 /* Perfect neutral gray — C=0 means no hue */
+```
+
+**Key insight:** Unlike HSL where `hsl(0 0% 50%)` is medium gray, OKLCH gray is `oklch(0.5 0 0)` — and it's perceptually the same lightness regardless of hue. HSL's perceived lightness varies by hue (yellows look lighter than blues at the same HSL lightness).
+
+### CSS OKLCH vs HSL comparison:
+
+| Property | HSL | OKLCH |
+|----------|-----|-------|
+| Perceptual uniformity | No — lightness is hue-dependent | Yes — same L = same perceived lightness |
+| Gray point | `hsl(0 0% X%)` — abstract | `oklch(L 0 H)` — C=0 at any hue = gray |
+| Gamut | Always sRGB | Extends to P3, Rec.2020 |
+| Browser support | Universal | 93%+ (Chrome 111+, Safari 15.4+, Firefox 113+) |
+
+---
+
+## 2. Threshold Values
+
+| Range | Chroma (C) | Use |
+|-------|-----------|-----|
+| **Gray / Neutral** | `0` — `0.02` | Backgrounds, text, borders, dividers |
+| **Subtle** | `0.02` — `0.08` | Tinted neutrals, subtle surfaces, muted text |
+| **Accent** | `0.15` — `0.25` | Buttons, links, highlights, brand colors |
+| **Vibrant** | `0.25` — `0.37` | Vibrant accents, marketing elements, illustrations |
+
+**Lightness thresholds for text:**
+
+| Use | L (Lightness) | Notes |
+|-----|--------------|-------|
+| Dark text on light bg | `0.15` — `0.4` | Below 0.15 is too close to black |
+| Light text on dark bg | `0.7` — `0.95` | Above 0.95 is too close to white |
+| Body text | `0.2` — `0.35` | Comfortable reading range |
+| Muted/secondary | `0.4` — `0.6` | Lower contrast text |
+| Surface backgrounds (light) | `0.95` — `1` | Near-white |
+| Surface backgrounds (dark) | `0.1` — `0.2` | Near-black |
+
+**Hue ranges for common colors:**
+
+| Color | Hue (H) |
+|-------|---------|
+| Red | 20–40 |
+| Orange | 50–75 |
+| Yellow | 85–110 |
+| Green | 130–160 |
+| Teal | 170–200 |
+| Blue | 220–270 |
+| Purple | 280–310 |
+| Pink | 320–350 |
+| Neutral | 0 (any, C should be 0) |
+
+---
+
+## 3. Conversion
+
+### HEX/RGB → OKLCH
+
+Use `color-mix()` in CSS or a conversion function:
+
+```ts
+// JavaScript conversion using the CSS Color API
+function hexToOklch(hex: string): { L: number; C: number; H: number } {
+  const canvas = new OffscreenCanvas(1, 1);
+  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')!;
+  ctx.fillStyle = hex;
+  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 1, 1);
+  const [r, g, b, a] = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data;
+  
+  // Convert sRGB linear → OKLab → OKLCH
+  // Use a library instead of manual math for production
+  return srgbToOklch([r / 255, g / 255, b / 255]);
+}
+
+// Recommended: use `culori` or `colorjs.io` library
+import { rgb, oklch } from 'culori';
+
+const color = oklch(rgb('#3B82F6'));
+// → { L: 0.54, C: 0.18, H: 260, alpha: 1 }
+```
+
+**Online tools:**
+- [oklch.com](https://oklch.com) — interactive OKLCH picker
+- [huetone.art](https://huetone.art) — palette generation in OKLCH
+- [colourcontrast.cc](https://colourcontrast.cc) — contrast checking with OKLCH
+
+### OKLCH → HEX (with gamut mapping)
+
+```css
+/* Direct — browser handles gamut mapping automatically */
+color: oklch(0.5 0.3 280);
+
+/* Fallback for older browsers */
+color: #6b5ae8;
+color: oklch(0.5 0.3 280);
+```
+
+```ts
+import { oklch, rgb } from 'culori';
+
+// Convert OKLCH to sRGB hex (gamut mapped automatically)
+const hex = rgb(oklch('oklch(0.5 0.3 280)'));
+// Or with explicit gamut mapping to sRGB:
+import { clampChroma, toGamut } from 'culori';
+
+const gamutMapped = toGamut('srgb', 'oklch')(oklch('oklch(0.5 0.3 280)'));
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Palette Generation
+
+### Single-hue palette (50–950 scale)
+
+Given a hue and target lightnesses, vary L and C to create a consistent palette:
+
+```css
+/* Blue palette — single hue, varying lightness + chroma */
+:root {
+  --blue-50:  oklch(0.97 0.01 260);
+  --blue-100: oklch(0.93 0.03 260);
+  --blue-200: oklch(0.86 0.06 260);
+  --blue-300: oklch(0.78 0.10 260);
+  --blue-400: oklch(0.68 0.15 260);
+  --blue-500: oklch(0.56 0.18 260);
+  --blue-600: oklch(0.45 0.18 260);
+  --blue-700: oklch(0.35 0.15 260);
+  --blue-800: oklch(0.27 0.12 260);
+  --blue-900: oklch(0.20 0.08 260);
+  --blue-950: oklch(0.14 0.04 260);
+}
+```
+
+**Chroma curve for natural palettes:**
+- 50: C=0.01 (near gray)
+- Peak C at 500–600 (the most "colorful")
+- 950: C=0.02–0.05 (near gray again)
+
+### Semantic tokens from primitives
+
+```css
+:root {
+  /* Background */
+  --bg-primary:     oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --bg-secondary:   oklch(0.96 0.02 260);
+  --bg-muted:       oklch(0.94 0.01 260);
+
+  /* Foreground */
+  --fg-primary:     oklch(0.15 0 0);
+  --fg-muted:       oklch(0.45 0.01 260);
+
+  /* Brand */
+  --color-primary:  oklch(0.56 0.18 260);
+  --color-accent:   oklch(0.62 0.22 180);
+
+  /* Borders */
+  --border-default: oklch(0.88 0.01 260);
+  --border-muted:   oklch(0.92 0.01 260);
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Contrast (APCA / WCAG 3)
+
+OKLCH makes contrast calculation perceptually accurate. Use the lightness difference (`ΔL`) for quick estimates.
+
+```css
+/* Quick contrast heuristic in OKLCH: */
+/* WCAG 2.1 AA (4.5:1) ≈ |L₁ - L₂| ≥ 0.35 */
+/* WCAG 2.1 AA Large (3:1) ≈ |L₁ - L₂| ≥ 0.25 */
+/* WCAG 2.1 AAA (7:1) ≈ |L₁ - L₂| ≥ 0.50 */
+
+/* Example: white text on blue button */
+/* White: L=1, Blue-500: L=0.56, ΔL=0.44 → ≥ 0.35 ✓ AA pass */
+button {
+  background: oklch(0.56 0.18 260); /* Blue-500 */
+  color: oklch(1 0 0);               /* White */
+}
+
+/* Example: gray text on white background — FAIL */
+/* Gray-400: L=0.63, White: L=1, ΔL=0.37 → barely passes AA */
+.text-muted {
+  color: oklch(0.63 0.01 260);      /* Gray-400 */
+}
+
+/* Better: */
+.text-muted {
+  color: oklch(0.45 0.01 260);      /* Gray-600 — ΔL=0.55 ✓ */
+}
+```
+
+**Contrast check recipe:**
+
+```ts
+function contrastRatio(L1: number, L2: number): number {
+  // OKLCH-based APCA-like contrast
+  const lighter = Math.max(L1, L2);
+  const darker = Math.min(L1, L2);
+  const contrast = (lighter + 0.1) / (darker + 0.1);
+  return contrast;
+}
+
+// Use with culori for precise WCAG 3 APCA:
+import { contrastAPCA } from 'culori';
+
+const ratio = contrastAPCA('oklch(0.15 0 0)', 'oklch(0.97 0 0)');
+// APCA values: 0-100+, 45+ = preferred for body text
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Gamut Mapping
+
+OKLCH colors can fall outside the sRGB gamut. Browsers automatically clip them, but you can control the mapping:
+
+```css
+/* This color is outside sRGB — vivid saturated blue-purple */
+.vibrant-element {
+  color: oklch(0.5 0.37 290);
+  /* Browser clips to nearest sRGB color automatically */
+  /* Result will be approximately #8855ff */
+}
+```
+
+**Gamut mapping strategies:**
+
+```ts
+import { toGamut, clampChroma, oklch } from 'culori';
+
+const outOfGamut = oklch('oklch(0.5 0.37 290)');
+
+// Strategy 1: Clip chroma until color fits sRGB (preserves hue + lightness)
+const strategy1 = toGamut('srgb', 'oklch', 'clip')(outOfGamut);
+
+// Strategy 2: Gamut map with CSS-compatible algorithm
+const strategy2 = toGamut('srgb', 'oklch')(outOfGamut);
+
+// Strategy 3: Manual chroma reduction
+const manual = { ...outOfGamut, c: 0.25 }; // Reduce chroma until in gamut
+```
+
+**Detection:**
+
+```css
+/* Use @supports to detect OKLCH support and provide fallback */
+.hero {
+  background: #6b5ae8;                     /* sRGB fallback */
+  background: oklch(0.5 0.3 280);          /* OKLCH — wider gamut */
+}
+
+/* Also detect display gamut */
+@media (color-gamut: p3) {
+  .hero {
+    background: oklch(0.5 0.3 280);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. Tailwind v4 Migration
+
+### Tailwind v4 `@theme` with OKLCH
+
+```css
+/* app.css — Tailwind v4 theme with OKLCH */
+@import "tailwindcss";
+
+@theme {
+  --color-primary-50:  oklch(0.97 0.01 260);
+  --color-primary-100: oklch(0.93 0.03 260);
+  --color-primary-200: oklch(0.86 0.06 260);
+  --color-primary-300: oklch(0.78 0.10 260);
+  --color-primary-400: oklch(0.68 0.15 260);
+  --color-primary-500: oklch(0.56 0.18 260);
+  --color-primary-600: oklch(0.45 0.18 260);
+  --color-primary-700: oklch(0.35 0.15 260);
+  --color-primary-800: oklch(0.27 0.12 260);
+  --color-primary-900: oklch(0.20 0.08 260);
+  --color-primary-950: oklch(0.14 0.04 260);
+
+  --color-surface:     oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --color-surface-alt: oklch(0.96 0.02 260);
+  --color-border:      oklch(0.88 0.01 260);
+  --color-muted:       oklch(0.45 0.01 260);
+}
+```
+
+### Dark mode with OKLCH
+
+OKLCH makes dark mode trivial — just adjust L (lightness) while keeping H and C the same:
+
+```css
+@custom-variant dark (&:where(.dark, .dark *));
+
+@theme {
+  /* Light — high L for surfaces */
+  --color-surface:     oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --color-surface-alt: oklch(0.96 0.02 260);
+
+  /* Dark — low L for surfaces */
+  --color-surface-dark:     oklch(0.12 0 0);
+  --color-surface-alt-dark: oklch(0.15 0.02 260);
+}
+
+/* Or use CSS variables with media query: */
+:root {
+  --bg: oklch(0.99 0 0);
+  --text: oklch(0.15 0 0);
+}
+
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+  :root {
+    --bg: oklch(0.12 0 0);
+    --text: oklch(0.88 0 0);
+  }
+}
+
+/* The brand color stays the same — only background/text flip */
+/* primary-500 remains oklch(0.56 0.18 260) in both modes */
+```
+
+### Tinted neutrals
+
+Give your neutral tones a subtle brand hue by adding very low chroma:
+
+```css
+/* BEFORE — true neutral grays (bland) */
+--gray-100: oklch(0.96 0 0);
+--gray-500: oklch(0.55 0 0);
+
+/* AFTER — tinted with brand hue (sophisticated) */
+/* C=0.01 is imperceptible as "color" but reads as a richer neutral */
+--gray-100: oklch(0.96 0.01 260);  /* Barely blue-tinted */
+--gray-500: oklch(0.55 0.02 260);  /* Subtle warmth from brand hue */
+```
+
+### Migration from HEX/RGB
+
+```css
+/* BEFORE — Tailwind v3, HEX colors */
+:root {
+  --color-primary: #3B82F6;
+  --color-surface: #FFFFFF;
+  --color-muted: #6B7280;
+}
+
+/* AFTER — Tailwind v4, OKLCH */
+:root {
+  --color-primary: oklch(0.56 0.18 260);
+  --color-surface: oklch(1 0 0);
+  --color-muted: oklch(0.45 0.01 260);
+}
+```
+
+**Migration checklist:**
+1. Convert all HEX colors to OKLCH using a converter tool
+2. Update Tailwind v4 `@theme` with OKLCH values
+3. Keep HEX fallbacks for older browsers if needed
+4. Adjust chroma values — high-chroma HEX colors may need C reduction
+5. Verify contrast ratios — OKLCH reveals contrast issues that HEX masked
+6. Test dark mode — OKLCH's uniform L makes this trivial
+
+---
+
+## Don't
+
+| Pattern | Replacement | Because |
+|---------|-------------|---------|
+| C too high for text | Keep text C ≤ 0.15; reserve C≥0.2 for display/brand use | High chroma text is fatiguing at small sizes |
+| Not checking gamut | Reduce C or use `toGamut()` for predictable clipping | Colors outside sRGB clip unpredictably |
+| Mixing color spaces in palette | Use one color space for the entire palette | Mixed spaces make comparison impossible |
+| C=0 for all grays | Use C=0.01 with brand hue for richer neutrals | True neutral grays can look sterile |
+| No fallback for OKLCH | Use `color: #hex; color: oklch(...)` pattern | OKLCH unsupported in older browsers |
+
+---
+
+## Verification
+
+- [ ] All colors use OKLCH syntax (`oklch(L C H / alpha)`)
+- [ ] Grays and neutrals use C=0 to C=0.02 range
+- [ ] Accent colors use C=0.15 to C=0.25 range
+- [ ] Text colors do not exceed C=0.15 (readability)
+- [ ] Contrast ratio checked: |ΔL| ≥ 0.35 for body text, ≥ 0.25 for large text
+- [ ] Gamut checked: no colors outside sRGB without fallback
+- [ ] HEX/RGB fallback provided for colors where gamut mapping matters
+- [ ] Palette follows natural chroma curve (peak at 500/600, low at 50/950)
+- [ ] Neutrals are tinted with brand hue (C ≥ 0.01) for richness
+- [ ] Tailwind v4 `@theme` uses OKLCH values
+- [ ] Dark mode flips L values while keeping H and C consistent