@micro-os-plus/micro-test-plus 3.3.1 → 4.1.0

package/src/test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the µOS++ project (https://micro-os-plus.github.io/).
+ * Copyright (c) 2021-2026 Liviu Ionescu. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose is hereby granted, under the terms of the MIT license.
+ *
+ * If a copy of the license was not distributed with this file, it can be
+ * obtained from https://opensource.org/licenses/mit.
+ *
+ * Major parts of the code are inspired from v1.1.8 of the Boost UT project,
+ * released under the terms of the Boost Version 1.0 Software License,
+ * which can be obtained from https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.
+ */
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief C++ source file with implementations for the µTest++ test suite
+ * methods.
+ *
+ * @details
+ * This source file contains the core implementations for the test suite
+ * facilities of the µTest++ framework. It provides the logic for constructing,
+ * registering, and managing test suites and their associated test cases. The
+ * implementation covers initialisation and clean-up routines, execution of
+ * test suites and test cases, tracking of successful and failed checks, and
+ * integration with the test reporter for structured output.
+ *
+ * The design ensures that test suites are non-copyable and non-movable,
+ * maintaining unique ownership and consistent state. Flexible support for
+ * callable objects enables a wide range of test suite definitions,
+ * facilitating expressive and maintainable test organisation across embedded
+ * and general C++ projects.
+ *
+ * All definitions reside within the `micro_os_plus::micro_test_plus`
+ * namespace, ensuring clear separation from user code and minimising the risk
+ * of naming conflicts.
+ *
+ * This file must be included when building the µTest++ library.
+ */
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H)
+#include <micro-os-plus/config.h>
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H
+
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE)
+#include <micro-os-plus/diag/trace.h>
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE
+
+#include "micro-os-plus/micro-test-plus/test.h"
+#include "micro-os-plus/micro-test-plus/runner.h"
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat-pedantic"
+#else // GCC only
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wredundant-tags"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsuggest-final-types"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsuggest-final-methods"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// ============================================================================
+
+namespace micro_os_plus::micro_test_plus
+{
+  namespace detail
+  {
+    // ========================================================================
+
+    /**
+     * @details
+     * Stores the supplied @p name pointer, which is expected to point to
+     * a string with a lifetime exceeding that of this instance. If
+     * tracing is enabled, the name is output for diagnostic purposes.
+     */
+    test_node::test_node (const char* name) : name_{ name }
+    {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+      trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @details
+     * No resources are owned by `test_node`; the destructor performs no
+     * explicit clean-up. If tracing is enabled, the node name is output
+     * for diagnostic purposes.
+     */
+    test_node::~test_node ()
+    {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+      trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+
+    /**
+     * @details
+     * The constructor initialises a new instance of the `runnable_base` class
+     * with the specified name. It sets up the internal state required for
+     * managing test cases within the suite. If tracing is enabled, the
+     * function signature is output for diagnostic purposes. The default test
+     * suite does not require explicit registration, ensuring seamless
+     * integration within the µTest++ framework and supporting organised test
+     * management across all files and folders.
+     */
+    runnable_base::runnable_base (const char* name, class runner& runner,
+                                  size_t own_index)
+        : test_node{ name }, runner_{ runner }, own_index_{ own_index }
+    {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+      trace::printf ("%s '%s' %zu\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name, own_index_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @details
+     * The destructor releases any resources associated with the
+     * `runnable_base` instance. It ensures that the test suite is properly
+     * cleaned up after execution, supporting robust and reliable test
+     * management across all files and folders within the µTest++ framework.
+     */
+    runnable_base::~runnable_base ()
+    {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+      trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+
+      // children_subtests_ holds unique_ptrs; destroyed automatically.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @details
+     * Delegates immediately to `runner_.reporter()`, returning the
+     * reporter associated with the owning runner instance.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] reporter&
+    runnable_base::reporter (void) const noexcept
+    {
+      return runner_.reporter ();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @details
+     * Delegates immediately to `runner_.abort()`, passing the supplied
+     * source location so that the error message identifies the call site
+     * before the process is terminated via `::abort()`.
+     */
+    [[noreturn]] void
+    runnable_base::abort (const reflection::source_location& sl)
+    {
+      runner_.abort (sl);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @details
+     * Transfers ownership of @p child_test into `children_subtests_` and
+     * immediately invokes `subtest::run()` on the newly stored subtest.
+     * The parent's executed-subtest counter is then incremented. The
+     * child's check counters are intentionally not merged into the parent
+     * totals; each subtest reports only its own counters. The child's
+     * totals are, however, accumulated into @p suite so that the suite
+     * summary reflects all checks performed by its subtests.
+     */
+    void
+    runnable_base::after_subtest_create_ (
+        std::unique_ptr<class subtest> child_test, suite& suite)
+    {
+      // Transfer ownership into the vector.
+      children_subtests_.push_back (std::move (child_test));
+
+      // Run the child test case immediately.
+      class subtest& subtest = *children_subtests_.back ();
+      subtest.run ();
+
+      // This test executed one more subtest.
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+      trace::printf ("%s subtest '%s' executed one more subtest\n",
+                     __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name ());
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+      totals ().increment_executed_subtests ();
+      // Do not accumulate the totals from the child test into the current test
+      // totals, each subtest shows only its counters.
+
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+      trace::printf ("%s suite '%s' totals\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__,
+                     suite.name ());
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+
+      // Accumulate the totals from the child test into the suite totals.
+      suite.totals () += subtest.totals ();
+    }
+  } // namespace detail
+
+  // ==========================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * The destructor releases any resources associated with the
+   * `subtest` instance. If tracing is enabled, it outputs the
+   * function signature for diagnostic purposes. This ensures that the test
+   * suite is properly cleaned up after execution, supporting robust and
+   * reliable test management across all files and folders within the µTest++
+   * framework.
+   */
+  subtest::~subtest ()
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * Invokes the stored callable with the `Self_T` instance, surrounded by
+   * reporter calls to begin and end the subtest.
+   */
+  void
+  subtest::run (void)
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS
+
+    class reporter& reporter = this->reporter ();
+
+    // For now, subtests do not record the time.
+    // this->timings.timestamp_begin ();
+    reporter.begin_subtest (*this);
+
+    // Invoke the callable, passing the self reference followed by the variadic
+    // arguments.
+    callable_ (*this);
+
+    // this->timings.timestamp_end ();
+    reporter.end_subtest (*this);
+  }
+
+  // ==========================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * No resources are owned directly by `suite`; the destructor performs
+   * no explicit clean-up. If tracing is enabled, the suite name is
+   * output for diagnostic purposes.
+   */
+  suite::~suite ()
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * Invokes the stored callable with the `Self_T` instance, surrounded by
+   * reporter calls to begin and end the suite.
+   */
+  void
+  suite::run (void)
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS
+
+    class reporter& reporter = this->reporter ();
+
+    this->timings ().timestamp_begin ();
+    reporter.begin_suite (*this);
+
+    // Invoke the callable, passing the self reference followed by the variadic
+    // arguments.
+    callable_ (*this);
+
+    this->timings ().timestamp_end ();
+    reporter.end_suite (*this);
+  }
+
+  // ==========================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * Initialises the base `suite` with @p name, the given @p runner, and
+   * a no-op callable. Sets `own_index` to 1, reserving index 0 for the
+   * runner itself. If tracing is enabled, the name is output for
+   * diagnostic purposes.
+   */
+  top_suite::top_suite (const char* name, class runner& runner)
+      : suite{ name, runner, [] (suite&) noexcept {} }
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+
+    own_index (1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * No resources are owned directly by `top_suite`; the destructor
+   * performs no explicit clean-up. If tracing is enabled, the suite
+   * name is output for diagnostic purposes.
+   */
+  top_suite::~top_suite ()
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+  }
+
+  // ==========================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * No resources are owned directly by `static_suite`; the destructor
+   * performs no explicit clean-up. If tracing is enabled, the suite
+   * name is output for diagnostic purposes.
+   */
+  static_suite::~static_suite ()
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS_CONSTRUCTORS
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * Records the suite begin timestamp, notifies the reporter via
+   * `begin_suite()`, invokes the stored static callable with `*this`,
+   * records the suite end timestamp, and notifies the reporter via
+   * `end_suite()`.
+   */
+  void
+  static_suite::run (void)
+  {
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE) \
+    && defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage-in-libc-call"
+#endif
+#endif
+    trace::printf ("%s '%s'\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, name_);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_TRACE_MICRO_TEST_PLUS
+
+    class reporter& reporter = this->reporter ();
+
+    this->timings ().timestamp_begin ();
+    reporter.begin_suite (*this);
+
+    static_callable_ (*this);
+
+    this->timings ().timestamp_end ();
+    reporter.end_suite (*this);
+  }
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+} // namespace micro_os_plus::micro_test_plus
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

package/src/timings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the µOS++ project (https://micro-os-plus.github.io/).
+ * Copyright (c) 2021-2026 Liviu Ionescu. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose is hereby granted, under the terms of the MIT license.
+ *
+ * If a copy of the license was not distributed with this file, it can be
+ * obtained from https://opensource.org/licenses/mit.
+ *
+ * Major parts of the code are inspired from v1.1.8 of the Boost UT project,
+ * released under the terms of the Boost Version 1.0 Software License,
+ * which can be obtained from https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.
+ */
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief C++ source file with implementations for the µTest++ timings
+ * methods.
+ *
+ * @details
+ * This source file contains the implementations for the `timestamp` and
+ * `timestamps` classes of the µTest++ framework. It provides methods
+ * for capturing monotonic clock values, checking whether valid
+ * timestamps have been recorded, and computing the elapsed time in
+ * milliseconds and microseconds between a begin and an end timestamp.
+ *
+ * All definitions reside within the
+ * `micro_os_plus::micro_test_plus` namespace.
+ *
+ * This file must be included when building the µTest++ library.
+ */
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+#if defined(MICRO_OS_PLUS_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H)
+#include <micro-os-plus/config.h>
+#endif // MICRO_OS_PLUS_INCLUDE_CONFIG_H
+
+#include "micro-os-plus/micro-test-plus/timings.h"
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Waggregate-return"
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpre-c++17-compat"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat-pedantic"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// ============================================================================
+
+namespace micro_os_plus::micro_test_plus::detail
+{
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * On Windows, the current time is captured via `timespec_get()` with
+   * `TIME_UTC`. On POSIX platforms with `CLOCK_MONOTONIC` defined,
+   * `clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)` is used to obtain a monotonic
+   * timestamp. On platforms where neither macro is defined, `value_`
+   * remains zero-initialised.
+   */
+  timestamp::timestamp () noexcept
+  {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    timespec_get (&value_, TIME_UTC);
+#elif defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+    clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &value_);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * Returns `true` if at least one of the `tv_sec` or `tv_nsec` fields
+   * of the underlying `timespec` is non-zero, indicating that a valid
+   * clock reading was successfully captured.
+   */
+  bool
+  timestamp::has_clock (void) const noexcept
+  {
+    return value_.tv_sec != 0 || value_.tv_nsec != 0;
+  }
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * If the begin timestamp has not yet been set, a `timestamp` is
+   * constructed in-place using the default constructor, which captures
+   * the current monotonic time. Subsequent calls are silently ignored,
+   * ensuring idempotent behaviour.
+   */
+  void
+  timestamps::timestamp_begin (void) noexcept
+  {
+    // Ensure it is timestamped only once.
+    if (!begin_time_.has_value ())
+      {
+        begin_time_.emplace ();
+      }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * If the begin timestamp has not yet been set, a `timestamp` is
+   * constructed in-place from the supplied `timespec` value. Subsequent
+   * calls are silently ignored, ensuring idempotent behaviour.
+   */
+  void
+  timestamps::timestamp_begin (const timespec& ts) noexcept
+  {
+    // Ensure it is timestamped only once.
+    if (!begin_time_.has_value ())
+      {
+        begin_time_.emplace (ts);
+      }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * If the end timestamp has not yet been set, a `timestamp` is
+   * constructed in-place using the default constructor, which captures
+   * the current monotonic time. Subsequent calls are silently ignored,
+   * ensuring idempotent behaviour.
+   */
+  void
+  timestamps::timestamp_end (void) noexcept
+  {
+    // Ensure it is timestamped only once.
+    if (!end_time_.has_value ())
+      {
+        end_time_.emplace ();
+      }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * If the end timestamp has not yet been set, a `timestamp` is
+   * constructed in-place from the supplied `timespec` value. Subsequent
+   * calls are silently ignored, ensuring idempotent behaviour.
+   */
+  void
+  timestamps::timestamp_end (const timespec& ts) noexcept
+  {
+    // Ensure it is timestamped only once.
+    if (!end_time_.has_value ())
+      {
+        end_time_.emplace (ts);
+      }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * Returns `true` only when both the begin and end optional timestamps
+   * are engaged and each contains a valid (non-zero) clock reading, as
+   * determined by `timestamp::has_clock()`.
+   */
+  bool
+  timestamps::has_timestamps (void) const noexcept
+  {
+    return begin_time_.has_value () && begin_time_->has_clock ()
+           && end_time_.has_value () && end_time_->has_clock ();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @details
+   * Subtracts the begin timestamp from the end timestamp in nanoseconds.
+   * If the nanosecond difference is negative, one second is borrowed
+   * from the seconds delta to normalise the result. The total elapsed
+   * duration in microseconds is then split into whole milliseconds
+   * (written to @p milliseconds) and the remainder microseconds (written
+   * to @p microseconds). Requires `has_timestamps()` to be `true`;
+   * behaviour is undefined otherwise.
+   */
+  void
+  timestamps::compute_elapsed_time (uint32_t& milliseconds,
+                                    uint32_t& microseconds) const
+  {
+    assert (has_timestamps ());
+
+    // Precondition: has_timestamps() must be true before calling this method.
+    // Invoking it with disengaged optionals is undefined behaviour.
+    long long delta_ns
+        = end_time_->value ().tv_nsec - begin_time_->value ().tv_nsec;
+    long long delta_s
+        = end_time_->value ().tv_sec - begin_time_->value ().tv_sec;
+    if (delta_ns < 0)
+      {
+        delta_ns += 1000000000LL;
+        --delta_s;
+      }
+
+    // Split into milliseconds and microseconds.
+    const long long total_us = delta_s * 1000000LL + delta_ns / 1000LL;
+    milliseconds = static_cast<uint32_t> (total_us / 1000LL);
+    microseconds = static_cast<uint32_t> (total_us % 1000LL);
+  }
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+} // namespace micro_os_plus::micro_test_plus::detail
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------