@meteora-ag/cp-amm-sdk 1.0.0-rc.5 → 1.0.0-rc.6

package/node_modules/@solana/web3.js/node_modules/@noble/curves/src/abstract/weierstrass.ts

@@ -1,1375 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Short Weierstrass curve methods. The formula is: y² = x³ + ax + b.
- *
- * ### Design rationale for types
- *
- * * Interaction between classes from different curves should fail:
- *   `k256.Point.BASE.add(p256.Point.BASE)`
- * * For this purpose we want to use `instanceof` operator, which is fast and works during runtime
- * * Different calls of `curve()` would return different classes -
- *   `curve(params) !== curve(params)`: if somebody decided to monkey-patch their curve,
- *   it won't affect others
- *
- * TypeScript can't infer types for classes created inside a function. Classes is one instance
- * of nominative types in TypeScript and interfaces only check for shape, so it's hard to create
- * unique type for every function call.
- *
- * We can use generic types via some param, like curve opts, but that would:
- *     1. Enable interaction between `curve(params)` and `curve(params)` (curves of same params)
- *     which is hard to debug.
- *     2. Params can be generic and we can't enforce them to be constant value:
- *     if somebody creates curve from non-constant params,
- *     it would be allowed to interact with other curves with non-constant params
- *
- * @todo https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-7.html#unique-symbol
- * @module
- */
-/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
-import {
-  type AffinePoint,
-  type BasicCurve,
-  type Group,
-  type GroupConstructor,
-  pippenger,
-  validateBasic,
-  wNAF,
-} from './curve.js';
-import {
-  Field,
-  type IField,
-  getMinHashLength,
-  invert,
-  mapHashToField,
-  mod,
-  validateField,
-} from './modular.js';
-import * as ut from './utils.js';
-import { type CHash, type Hex, type PrivKey, abool, ensureBytes, memoized } from './utils.js';
-
-export type { AffinePoint };
-type HmacFnSync = (key: Uint8Array, ...messages: Uint8Array[]) => Uint8Array;
-type EndomorphismOpts = {
-  beta: bigint;
-  splitScalar: (k: bigint) => { k1neg: boolean; k1: bigint; k2neg: boolean; k2: bigint };
-};
-export type BasicWCurve<T> = BasicCurve<T> & {
-  // Params: a, b
-  a: T;
-  b: T;
-
-  // Optional params
-  allowedPrivateKeyLengths?: readonly number[]; // for P521
-  wrapPrivateKey?: boolean; // bls12-381 requires mod(n) instead of rejecting keys >= n
-  endo?: EndomorphismOpts; // Endomorphism options for Koblitz curves
-  // When a cofactor != 1, there can be an effective methods to:
-  // 1. Determine whether a point is torsion-free
-  isTorsionFree?: (c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>) => boolean;
-  // 2. Clear torsion component
-  clearCofactor?: (c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>) => ProjPointType<T>;
-};
-
-type Entropy = Hex | boolean;
-export type SignOpts = { lowS?: boolean; extraEntropy?: Entropy; prehash?: boolean };
-export type VerOpts = { lowS?: boolean; prehash?: boolean; format?: 'compact' | 'der' | undefined };
-
-function validateSigVerOpts(opts: SignOpts | VerOpts) {
-  if (opts.lowS !== undefined) abool('lowS', opts.lowS);
-  if (opts.prehash !== undefined) abool('prehash', opts.prehash);
-}
-
-// Instance for 3d XYZ points
-export interface ProjPointType<T> extends Group<ProjPointType<T>> {
-  readonly px: T;
-  readonly py: T;
-  readonly pz: T;
-  get x(): T;
-  get y(): T;
-  multiply(scalar: bigint): ProjPointType<T>;
-  toAffine(iz?: T): AffinePoint<T>;
-  isTorsionFree(): boolean;
-  clearCofactor(): ProjPointType<T>;
-  assertValidity(): void;
-  hasEvenY(): boolean;
-  toRawBytes(isCompressed?: boolean): Uint8Array;
-  toHex(isCompressed?: boolean): string;
-
-  multiplyUnsafe(scalar: bigint): ProjPointType<T>;
-  multiplyAndAddUnsafe(Q: ProjPointType<T>, a: bigint, b: bigint): ProjPointType<T> | undefined;
-  _setWindowSize(windowSize: number): void;
-}
-// Static methods for 3d XYZ points
-export interface ProjConstructor<T> extends GroupConstructor<ProjPointType<T>> {
-  new (x: T, y: T, z: T): ProjPointType<T>;
-  fromAffine(p: AffinePoint<T>): ProjPointType<T>;
-  fromHex(hex: Hex): ProjPointType<T>;
-  fromPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey): ProjPointType<T>;
-  normalizeZ(points: ProjPointType<T>[]): ProjPointType<T>[];
-  msm(points: ProjPointType<T>[], scalars: bigint[]): ProjPointType<T>;
-}
-
-export type CurvePointsType<T> = BasicWCurve<T> & {
-  // Bytes
-  fromBytes?: (bytes: Uint8Array) => AffinePoint<T>;
-  toBytes?: (c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>, isCompressed: boolean) => Uint8Array;
-};
-
-export type CurvePointsTypeWithLength<T> = Readonly<
-  CurvePointsType<T> & { nByteLength: number; nBitLength: number }
->;
-
-function validatePointOpts<T>(curve: CurvePointsType<T>): CurvePointsTypeWithLength<T> {
-  const opts = validateBasic(curve);
-  ut.validateObject(
-    opts,
-    {
-      a: 'field',
-      b: 'field',
-    },
-    {
-      allowedPrivateKeyLengths: 'array',
-      wrapPrivateKey: 'boolean',
-      isTorsionFree: 'function',
-      clearCofactor: 'function',
-      allowInfinityPoint: 'boolean',
-      fromBytes: 'function',
-      toBytes: 'function',
-    }
-  );
-  const { endo, Fp, a } = opts;
-  if (endo) {
-    if (!Fp.eql(a, Fp.ZERO)) {
-      throw new Error('invalid endomorphism, can only be defined for Koblitz curves that have a=0');
-    }
-    if (
-      typeof endo !== 'object' ||
-      typeof endo.beta !== 'bigint' ||
-      typeof endo.splitScalar !== 'function'
-    ) {
-      throw new Error('invalid endomorphism, expected beta: bigint and splitScalar: function');
-    }
-  }
-  return Object.freeze({ ...opts } as const);
-}
-
-export type CurvePointsRes<T> = {
-  CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validatePointOpts<T>>;
-  ProjectivePoint: ProjConstructor<T>;
-  normPrivateKeyToScalar: (key: PrivKey) => bigint;
-  weierstrassEquation: (x: T) => T;
-  isWithinCurveOrder: (num: bigint) => boolean;
-};
-
-const { bytesToNumberBE: b2n, hexToBytes: h2b } = ut;
-
-export class DERErr extends Error {
-  constructor(m = '') {
-    super(m);
-  }
-}
-export type IDER = {
-  // asn.1 DER encoding utils
-  Err: typeof DERErr;
-  // Basic building block is TLV (Tag-Length-Value)
-  _tlv: {
-    encode: (tag: number, data: string) => string;
-    // v - value, l - left bytes (unparsed)
-    decode(tag: number, data: Uint8Array): { v: Uint8Array; l: Uint8Array };
-  };
-  // https://crypto.stackexchange.com/a/57734 Leftmost bit of first byte is 'negative' flag,
-  // since we always use positive integers here. It must always be empty:
-  // - add zero byte if exists
-  // - if next byte doesn't have a flag, leading zero is not allowed (minimal encoding)
-  _int: {
-    encode(num: bigint): string;
-    decode(data: Uint8Array): bigint;
-  };
-  toSig(hex: string | Uint8Array): { r: bigint; s: bigint };
-  hexFromSig(sig: { r: bigint; s: bigint }): string;
-};
-/**
- * ASN.1 DER encoding utilities. ASN is very complex & fragile. Format:
- *
- *     [0x30 (SEQUENCE), bytelength, 0x02 (INTEGER), intLength, R, 0x02 (INTEGER), intLength, S]
- *
- * Docs: https://letsencrypt.org/docs/a-warm-welcome-to-asn1-and-der/, https://luca.ntop.org/Teaching/Appunti/asn1.html
- */
-export const DER: IDER = {
-  // asn.1 DER encoding utils
-  Err: DERErr,
-  // Basic building block is TLV (Tag-Length-Value)
-  _tlv: {
-    encode: (tag: number, data: string): string => {
-      const { Err: E } = DER;
-      if (tag < 0 || tag > 256) throw new E('tlv.encode: wrong tag');
-      if (data.length & 1) throw new E('tlv.encode: unpadded data');
-      const dataLen = data.length / 2;
-      const len = ut.numberToHexUnpadded(dataLen);
-      if ((len.length / 2) & 0b1000_0000) throw new E('tlv.encode: long form length too big');
-      // length of length with long form flag
-      const lenLen = dataLen > 127 ? ut.numberToHexUnpadded((len.length / 2) | 0b1000_0000) : '';
-      const t = ut.numberToHexUnpadded(tag);
-      return t + lenLen + len + data;
-    },
-    // v - value, l - left bytes (unparsed)
-    decode(tag: number, data: Uint8Array): { v: Uint8Array; l: Uint8Array } {
-      const { Err: E } = DER;
-      let pos = 0;
-      if (tag < 0 || tag > 256) throw new E('tlv.encode: wrong tag');
-      if (data.length < 2 || data[pos++] !== tag) throw new E('tlv.decode: wrong tlv');
-      const first = data[pos++];
-      const isLong = !!(first & 0b1000_0000); // First bit of first length byte is flag for short/long form
-      let length = 0;
-      if (!isLong) length = first;
-      else {
-        // Long form: [longFlag(1bit), lengthLength(7bit), length (BE)]
-        const lenLen = first & 0b0111_1111;
-        if (!lenLen) throw new E('tlv.decode(long): indefinite length not supported');
-        if (lenLen > 4) throw new E('tlv.decode(long): byte length is too big'); // this will overflow u32 in js
-        const lengthBytes = data.subarray(pos, pos + lenLen);
-        if (lengthBytes.length !== lenLen) throw new E('tlv.decode: length bytes not complete');
-        if (lengthBytes[0] === 0) throw new E('tlv.decode(long): zero leftmost byte');
-        for (const b of lengthBytes) length = (length << 8) | b;
-        pos += lenLen;
-        if (length < 128) throw new E('tlv.decode(long): not minimal encoding');
-      }
-      const v = data.subarray(pos, pos + length);
-      if (v.length !== length) throw new E('tlv.decode: wrong value length');
-      return { v, l: data.subarray(pos + length) };
-    },
-  },
-  // https://crypto.stackexchange.com/a/57734 Leftmost bit of first byte is 'negative' flag,
-  // since we always use positive integers here. It must always be empty:
-  // - add zero byte if exists
-  // - if next byte doesn't have a flag, leading zero is not allowed (minimal encoding)
-  _int: {
-    encode(num: bigint): string {
-      const { Err: E } = DER;
-      if (num < _0n) throw new E('integer: negative integers are not allowed');
-      let hex = ut.numberToHexUnpadded(num);
-      // Pad with zero byte if negative flag is present
-      if (Number.parseInt(hex[0], 16) & 0b1000) hex = '00' + hex;
-      if (hex.length & 1) throw new E('unexpected DER parsing assertion: unpadded hex');
-      return hex;
-    },
-    decode(data: Uint8Array): bigint {
-      const { Err: E } = DER;
-      if (data[0] & 0b1000_0000) throw new E('invalid signature integer: negative');
-      if (data[0] === 0x00 && !(data[1] & 0b1000_0000))
-        throw new E('invalid signature integer: unnecessary leading zero');
-      return b2n(data);
-    },
-  },
-  toSig(hex: string | Uint8Array): { r: bigint; s: bigint } {
-    // parse DER signature
-    const { Err: E, _int: int, _tlv: tlv } = DER;
-    const data = typeof hex === 'string' ? h2b(hex) : hex;
-    ut.abytes(data);
-    const { v: seqBytes, l: seqLeftBytes } = tlv.decode(0x30, data);
-    if (seqLeftBytes.length) throw new E('invalid signature: left bytes after parsing');
-    const { v: rBytes, l: rLeftBytes } = tlv.decode(0x02, seqBytes);
-    const { v: sBytes, l: sLeftBytes } = tlv.decode(0x02, rLeftBytes);
-    if (sLeftBytes.length) throw new E('invalid signature: left bytes after parsing');
-    return { r: int.decode(rBytes), s: int.decode(sBytes) };
-  },
-  hexFromSig(sig: { r: bigint; s: bigint }): string {
-    const { _tlv: tlv, _int: int } = DER;
-    const rs = tlv.encode(0x02, int.encode(sig.r));
-    const ss = tlv.encode(0x02, int.encode(sig.s));
-    const seq = rs + ss;
-    return tlv.encode(0x30, seq);
-  },
-};
-
-// Be friendly to bad ECMAScript parsers by not using bigint literals
-// prettier-ignore
-const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3), _4n = BigInt(4);
-
-export function weierstrassPoints<T>(opts: CurvePointsType<T>): CurvePointsRes<T> {
-  const CURVE = validatePointOpts(opts);
-  const { Fp } = CURVE; // All curves has same field / group length as for now, but they can differ
-  const Fn = Field(CURVE.n, CURVE.nBitLength);
-
-  const toBytes =
-    CURVE.toBytes ||
-    ((_c: ProjConstructor<T>, point: ProjPointType<T>, _isCompressed: boolean) => {
-      const a = point.toAffine();
-      return ut.concatBytes(Uint8Array.from([0x04]), Fp.toBytes(a.x), Fp.toBytes(a.y));
-    });
-  const fromBytes =
-    CURVE.fromBytes ||
-    ((bytes: Uint8Array) => {
-      // const head = bytes[0];
-      const tail = bytes.subarray(1);
-      // if (head !== 0x04) throw new Error('Only non-compressed encoding is supported');
-      const x = Fp.fromBytes(tail.subarray(0, Fp.BYTES));
-      const y = Fp.fromBytes(tail.subarray(Fp.BYTES, 2 * Fp.BYTES));
-      return { x, y };
-    });
-
-  /**
-   * y² = x³ + ax + b: Short weierstrass curve formula
-   * @returns y²
-   */
-  function weierstrassEquation(x: T): T {
-    const { a, b } = CURVE;
-    const x2 = Fp.sqr(x); // x * x
-    const x3 = Fp.mul(x2, x); // x2 * x
-    return Fp.add(Fp.add(x3, Fp.mul(x, a)), b); // x3 + a * x + b
-  }
-  // Validate whether the passed curve params are valid.
-  // We check if curve equation works for generator point.
-  // `assertValidity()` won't work: `isTorsionFree()` is not available at this point in bls12-381.
-  // ProjectivePoint class has not been initialized yet.
-  if (!Fp.eql(Fp.sqr(CURVE.Gy), weierstrassEquation(CURVE.Gx)))
-    throw new Error('bad generator point: equation left != right');
-
-  // Valid group elements reside in range 1..n-1
-  function isWithinCurveOrder(num: bigint): boolean {
-    return ut.inRange(num, _1n, CURVE.n);
-  }
-  // Validates if priv key is valid and converts it to bigint.
-  // Supports options allowedPrivateKeyLengths and wrapPrivateKey.
-  function normPrivateKeyToScalar(key: PrivKey): bigint {
-    const { allowedPrivateKeyLengths: lengths, nByteLength, wrapPrivateKey, n: N } = CURVE;
-    if (lengths && typeof key !== 'bigint') {
-      if (ut.isBytes(key)) key = ut.bytesToHex(key);
-      // Normalize to hex string, pad. E.g. P521 would norm 130-132 char hex to 132-char bytes
-      if (typeof key !== 'string' || !lengths.includes(key.length))
-        throw new Error('invalid private key');
-      key = key.padStart(nByteLength * 2, '0');
-    }
-    let num: bigint;
-    try {
-      num =
-        typeof key === 'bigint'
-          ? key
-          : ut.bytesToNumberBE(ensureBytes('private key', key, nByteLength));
-    } catch (error) {
-      throw new Error(
-        'invalid private key, expected hex or ' + nByteLength + ' bytes, got ' + typeof key
-      );
-    }
-    if (wrapPrivateKey) num = mod(num, N); // disabled by default, enabled for BLS
-    ut.aInRange('private key', num, _1n, N); // num in range [1..N-1]
-    return num;
-  }
-
-  function assertPrjPoint(other: unknown) {
-    if (!(other instanceof Point)) throw new Error('ProjectivePoint expected');
-  }
-
-  // Memoized toAffine / validity check. They are heavy. Points are immutable.
-
-  // Converts Projective point to affine (x, y) coordinates.
-  // Can accept precomputed Z^-1 - for example, from invertBatch.
-  // (x, y, z) ∋ (x=x/z, y=y/z)
-  const toAffineMemo = memoized((p: Point, iz?: T): AffinePoint<T> => {
-    const { px: x, py: y, pz: z } = p;
-    // Fast-path for normalized points
-    if (Fp.eql(z, Fp.ONE)) return { x, y };
-    const is0 = p.is0();
-    // If invZ was 0, we return zero point. However we still want to execute
-    // all operations, so we replace invZ with a random number, 1.
-    if (iz == null) iz = is0 ? Fp.ONE : Fp.inv(z);
-    const ax = Fp.mul(x, iz);
-    const ay = Fp.mul(y, iz);
-    const zz = Fp.mul(z, iz);
-    if (is0) return { x: Fp.ZERO, y: Fp.ZERO };
-    if (!Fp.eql(zz, Fp.ONE)) throw new Error('invZ was invalid');
-    return { x: ax, y: ay };
-  });
-  // NOTE: on exception this will crash 'cached' and no value will be set.
-  // Otherwise true will be return
-  const assertValidMemo = memoized((p: Point) => {
-    if (p.is0()) {
-      // (0, 1, 0) aka ZERO is invalid in most contexts.
-      // In BLS, ZERO can be serialized, so we allow it.
-      // (0, 0, 0) is invalid representation of ZERO.
-      if (CURVE.allowInfinityPoint && !Fp.is0(p.py)) return;
-      throw new Error('bad point: ZERO');
-    }
-    // Some 3rd-party test vectors require different wording between here & `fromCompressedHex`
-    const { x, y } = p.toAffine();
-    // Check if x, y are valid field elements
-    if (!Fp.isValid(x) || !Fp.isValid(y)) throw new Error('bad point: x or y not FE');
-    const left = Fp.sqr(y); // y²
-    const right = weierstrassEquation(x); // x³ + ax + b
-    if (!Fp.eql(left, right)) throw new Error('bad point: equation left != right');
-    if (!p.isTorsionFree()) throw new Error('bad point: not in prime-order subgroup');
-    return true;
-  });
-
-  /**
-   * Projective Point works in 3d / projective (homogeneous) coordinates: (x, y, z) ∋ (x=x/z, y=y/z)
-   * Default Point works in 2d / affine coordinates: (x, y)
-   * We're doing calculations in projective, because its operations don't require costly inversion.
-   */
-  class Point implements ProjPointType<T> {
-    static readonly BASE = new Point(CURVE.Gx, CURVE.Gy, Fp.ONE);
-    static readonly ZERO = new Point(Fp.ZERO, Fp.ONE, Fp.ZERO);
-
-    constructor(
-      readonly px: T,
-      readonly py: T,
-      readonly pz: T
-    ) {
-      if (px == null || !Fp.isValid(px)) throw new Error('x required');
-      if (py == null || !Fp.isValid(py)) throw new Error('y required');
-      if (pz == null || !Fp.isValid(pz)) throw new Error('z required');
-      Object.freeze(this);
-    }
-
-    // Does not validate if the point is on-curve.
-    // Use fromHex instead, or call assertValidity() later.
-    static fromAffine(p: AffinePoint<T>): Point {
-      const { x, y } = p || {};
-      if (!p || !Fp.isValid(x) || !Fp.isValid(y)) throw new Error('invalid affine point');
-      if (p instanceof Point) throw new Error('projective point not allowed');
-      const is0 = (i: T) => Fp.eql(i, Fp.ZERO);
-      // fromAffine(x:0, y:0) would produce (x:0, y:0, z:1), but we need (x:0, y:1, z:0)
-      if (is0(x) && is0(y)) return Point.ZERO;
-      return new Point(x, y, Fp.ONE);
-    }
-
-    get x(): T {
-      return this.toAffine().x;
-    }
-    get y(): T {
-      return this.toAffine().y;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Takes a bunch of Projective Points but executes only one
-     * inversion on all of them. Inversion is very slow operation,
-     * so this improves performance massively.
-     * Optimization: converts a list of projective points to a list of identical points with Z=1.
-     */
-    static normalizeZ(points: Point[]): Point[] {
-      const toInv = Fp.invertBatch(points.map((p) => p.pz));
-      return points.map((p, i) => p.toAffine(toInv[i])).map(Point.fromAffine);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts hash string or Uint8Array to Point.
-     * @param hex short/long ECDSA hex
-     */
-    static fromHex(hex: Hex): Point {
-      const P = Point.fromAffine(fromBytes(ensureBytes('pointHex', hex)));
-      P.assertValidity();
-      return P;
-    }
-
-    // Multiplies generator point by privateKey.
-    static fromPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey) {
-      return Point.BASE.multiply(normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey));
-    }
-
-    // Multiscalar Multiplication
-    static msm(points: Point[], scalars: bigint[]): Point {
-      return pippenger(Point, Fn, points, scalars);
-    }
-
-    // "Private method", don't use it directly
-    _setWindowSize(windowSize: number) {
-      wnaf.setWindowSize(this, windowSize);
-    }
-
-    // A point on curve is valid if it conforms to equation.
-    assertValidity(): void {
-      assertValidMemo(this);
-    }
-
-    hasEvenY(): boolean {
-      const { y } = this.toAffine();
-      if (Fp.isOdd) return !Fp.isOdd(y);
-      throw new Error("Field doesn't support isOdd");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Compare one point to another.
-     */
-    equals(other: Point): boolean {
-      assertPrjPoint(other);
-      const { px: X1, py: Y1, pz: Z1 } = this;
-      const { px: X2, py: Y2, pz: Z2 } = other;
-      const U1 = Fp.eql(Fp.mul(X1, Z2), Fp.mul(X2, Z1));
-      const U2 = Fp.eql(Fp.mul(Y1, Z2), Fp.mul(Y2, Z1));
-      return U1 && U2;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Flips point to one corresponding to (x, -y) in Affine coordinates.
-     */
-    negate(): Point {
-      return new Point(this.px, Fp.neg(this.py), this.pz);
-    }
-
-    // Renes-Costello-Batina exception-free doubling formula.
-    // There is 30% faster Jacobian formula, but it is not complete.
-    // https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1060, algorithm 3
-    // Cost: 8M + 3S + 3*a + 2*b3 + 15add.
-    double() {
-      const { a, b } = CURVE;
-      const b3 = Fp.mul(b, _3n);
-      const { px: X1, py: Y1, pz: Z1 } = this;
-      let X3 = Fp.ZERO, Y3 = Fp.ZERO, Z3 = Fp.ZERO; // prettier-ignore
-      let t0 = Fp.mul(X1, X1); // step 1
-      let t1 = Fp.mul(Y1, Y1);
-      let t2 = Fp.mul(Z1, Z1);
-      let t3 = Fp.mul(X1, Y1);
-      t3 = Fp.add(t3, t3); // step 5
-      Z3 = Fp.mul(X1, Z1);
-      Z3 = Fp.add(Z3, Z3);
-      X3 = Fp.mul(a, Z3);
-      Y3 = Fp.mul(b3, t2);
-      Y3 = Fp.add(X3, Y3); // step 10
-      X3 = Fp.sub(t1, Y3);
-      Y3 = Fp.add(t1, Y3);
-      Y3 = Fp.mul(X3, Y3);
-      X3 = Fp.mul(t3, X3);
-      Z3 = Fp.mul(b3, Z3); // step 15
-      t2 = Fp.mul(a, t2);
-      t3 = Fp.sub(t0, t2);
-      t3 = Fp.mul(a, t3);
-      t3 = Fp.add(t3, Z3);
-      Z3 = Fp.add(t0, t0); // step 20
-      t0 = Fp.add(Z3, t0);
-      t0 = Fp.add(t0, t2);
-      t0 = Fp.mul(t0, t3);
-      Y3 = Fp.add(Y3, t0);
-      t2 = Fp.mul(Y1, Z1); // step 25
-      t2 = Fp.add(t2, t2);
-      t0 = Fp.mul(t2, t3);
-      X3 = Fp.sub(X3, t0);
-      Z3 = Fp.mul(t2, t1);
-      Z3 = Fp.add(Z3, Z3); // step 30
-      Z3 = Fp.add(Z3, Z3);
-      return new Point(X3, Y3, Z3);
-    }
-
-    // Renes-Costello-Batina exception-free addition formula.
-    // There is 30% faster Jacobian formula, but it is not complete.
-    // https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1060, algorithm 1
-    // Cost: 12M + 0S + 3*a + 3*b3 + 23add.
-    add(other: Point): Point {
-      assertPrjPoint(other);
-      const { px: X1, py: Y1, pz: Z1 } = this;
-      const { px: X2, py: Y2, pz: Z2 } = other;
-      let X3 = Fp.ZERO, Y3 = Fp.ZERO, Z3 = Fp.ZERO; // prettier-ignore
-      const a = CURVE.a;
-      const b3 = Fp.mul(CURVE.b, _3n);
-      let t0 = Fp.mul(X1, X2); // step 1
-      let t1 = Fp.mul(Y1, Y2);
-      let t2 = Fp.mul(Z1, Z2);
-      let t3 = Fp.add(X1, Y1);
-      let t4 = Fp.add(X2, Y2); // step 5
-      t3 = Fp.mul(t3, t4);
-      t4 = Fp.add(t0, t1);
-      t3 = Fp.sub(t3, t4);
-      t4 = Fp.add(X1, Z1);
-      let t5 = Fp.add(X2, Z2); // step 10
-      t4 = Fp.mul(t4, t5);
-      t5 = Fp.add(t0, t2);
-      t4 = Fp.sub(t4, t5);
-      t5 = Fp.add(Y1, Z1);
-      X3 = Fp.add(Y2, Z2); // step 15
-      t5 = Fp.mul(t5, X3);
-      X3 = Fp.add(t1, t2);
-      t5 = Fp.sub(t5, X3);
-      Z3 = Fp.mul(a, t4);
-      X3 = Fp.mul(b3, t2); // step 20
-      Z3 = Fp.add(X3, Z3);
-      X3 = Fp.sub(t1, Z3);
-      Z3 = Fp.add(t1, Z3);
-      Y3 = Fp.mul(X3, Z3);
-      t1 = Fp.add(t0, t0); // step 25
-      t1 = Fp.add(t1, t0);
-      t2 = Fp.mul(a, t2);
-      t4 = Fp.mul(b3, t4);
-      t1 = Fp.add(t1, t2);
-      t2 = Fp.sub(t0, t2); // step 30
-      t2 = Fp.mul(a, t2);
-      t4 = Fp.add(t4, t2);
-      t0 = Fp.mul(t1, t4);
-      Y3 = Fp.add(Y3, t0);
-      t0 = Fp.mul(t5, t4); // step 35
-      X3 = Fp.mul(t3, X3);
-      X3 = Fp.sub(X3, t0);
-      t0 = Fp.mul(t3, t1);
-      Z3 = Fp.mul(t5, Z3);
-      Z3 = Fp.add(Z3, t0); // step 40
-      return new Point(X3, Y3, Z3);
-    }
-
-    subtract(other: Point) {
-      return this.add(other.negate());
-    }
-
-    is0() {
-      return this.equals(Point.ZERO);
-    }
-    private wNAF(n: bigint): { p: Point; f: Point } {
-      return wnaf.wNAFCached(this, n, Point.normalizeZ);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Non-constant-time multiplication. Uses double-and-add algorithm.
-     * It's faster, but should only be used when you don't care about
-     * an exposed private key e.g. sig verification, which works over *public* keys.
-     */
-    multiplyUnsafe(sc: bigint): Point {
-      const { endo, n: N } = CURVE;
-      ut.aInRange('scalar', sc, _0n, N);
-      const I = Point.ZERO;
-      if (sc === _0n) return I;
-      if (this.is0() || sc === _1n) return this;
-
-      // Case a: no endomorphism. Case b: has precomputes.
-      if (!endo || wnaf.hasPrecomputes(this))
-        return wnaf.wNAFCachedUnsafe(this, sc, Point.normalizeZ);
-
-      // Case c: endomorphism
-      let { k1neg, k1, k2neg, k2 } = endo.splitScalar(sc);
-      let k1p = I;
-      let k2p = I;
-      let d: Point = this;
-      while (k1 > _0n || k2 > _0n) {
-        if (k1 & _1n) k1p = k1p.add(d);
-        if (k2 & _1n) k2p = k2p.add(d);
-        d = d.double();
-        k1 >>= _1n;
-        k2 >>= _1n;
-      }
-      if (k1neg) k1p = k1p.negate();
-      if (k2neg) k2p = k2p.negate();
-      k2p = new Point(Fp.mul(k2p.px, endo.beta), k2p.py, k2p.pz);
-      return k1p.add(k2p);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Constant time multiplication.
-     * Uses wNAF method. Windowed method may be 10% faster,
-     * but takes 2x longer to generate and consumes 2x memory.
-     * Uses precomputes when available.
-     * Uses endomorphism for Koblitz curves.
-     * @param scalar by which the point would be multiplied
-     * @returns New point
-     */
-    multiply(scalar: bigint): Point {
-      const { endo, n: N } = CURVE;
-      ut.aInRange('scalar', scalar, _1n, N);
-      let point: Point, fake: Point; // Fake point is used to const-time mult
-      if (endo) {
-        const { k1neg, k1, k2neg, k2 } = endo.splitScalar(scalar);
-        let { p: k1p, f: f1p } = this.wNAF(k1);
-        let { p: k2p, f: f2p } = this.wNAF(k2);
-        k1p = wnaf.constTimeNegate(k1neg, k1p);
-        k2p = wnaf.constTimeNegate(k2neg, k2p);
-        k2p = new Point(Fp.mul(k2p.px, endo.beta), k2p.py, k2p.pz);
-        point = k1p.add(k2p);
-        fake = f1p.add(f2p);
-      } else {
-        const { p, f } = this.wNAF(scalar);
-        point = p;
-        fake = f;
-      }
-      // Normalize `z` for both points, but return only real one
-      return Point.normalizeZ([point, fake])[0];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Efficiently calculate `aP + bQ`. Unsafe, can expose private key, if used incorrectly.
-     * Not using Strauss-Shamir trick: precomputation tables are faster.
-     * The trick could be useful if both P and Q are not G (not in our case).
-     * @returns non-zero affine point
-     */
-    multiplyAndAddUnsafe(Q: Point, a: bigint, b: bigint): Point | undefined {
-      const G = Point.BASE; // No Strauss-Shamir trick: we have 10% faster G precomputes
-      const mul = (
-        P: Point,
-        a: bigint // Select faster multiply() method
-      ) => (a === _0n || a === _1n || !P.equals(G) ? P.multiplyUnsafe(a) : P.multiply(a));
-      const sum = mul(this, a).add(mul(Q, b));
-      return sum.is0() ? undefined : sum;
-    }
-
-    // Converts Projective point to affine (x, y) coordinates.
-    // Can accept precomputed Z^-1 - for example, from invertBatch.
-    // (x, y, z) ∋ (x=x/z, y=y/z)
-    toAffine(iz?: T): AffinePoint<T> {
-      return toAffineMemo(this, iz);
-    }
-    isTorsionFree(): boolean {
-      const { h: cofactor, isTorsionFree } = CURVE;
-      if (cofactor === _1n) return true; // No subgroups, always torsion-free
-      if (isTorsionFree) return isTorsionFree(Point, this);
-      throw new Error('isTorsionFree() has not been declared for the elliptic curve');
-    }
-    clearCofactor(): Point {
-      const { h: cofactor, clearCofactor } = CURVE;
-      if (cofactor === _1n) return this; // Fast-path
-      if (clearCofactor) return clearCofactor(Point, this) as Point;
-      return this.multiplyUnsafe(CURVE.h);
-    }
-
-    toRawBytes(isCompressed = true): Uint8Array {
-      abool('isCompressed', isCompressed);
-      this.assertValidity();
-      return toBytes(Point, this, isCompressed);
-    }
-
-    toHex(isCompressed = true): string {
-      abool('isCompressed', isCompressed);
-      return ut.bytesToHex(this.toRawBytes(isCompressed));
-    }
-  }
-  const _bits = CURVE.nBitLength;
-  const wnaf = wNAF(Point, CURVE.endo ? Math.ceil(_bits / 2) : _bits);
-  // Validate if generator point is on curve
-  return {
-    CURVE,
-    ProjectivePoint: Point as ProjConstructor<T>,
-    normPrivateKeyToScalar,
-    weierstrassEquation,
-    isWithinCurveOrder,
-  };
-}
-
-// Instance
-export interface SignatureType {
-  readonly r: bigint;
-  readonly s: bigint;
-  readonly recovery?: number;
-  assertValidity(): void;
-  addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): RecoveredSignatureType;
-  hasHighS(): boolean;
-  normalizeS(): SignatureType;
-  recoverPublicKey(msgHash: Hex): ProjPointType<bigint>;
-  toCompactRawBytes(): Uint8Array;
-  toCompactHex(): string;
-  // DER-encoded
-  toDERRawBytes(isCompressed?: boolean): Uint8Array;
-  toDERHex(isCompressed?: boolean): string;
-}
-export type RecoveredSignatureType = SignatureType & {
-  readonly recovery: number;
-};
-// Static methods
-export type SignatureConstructor = {
-  new (r: bigint, s: bigint): SignatureType;
-  fromCompact(hex: Hex): SignatureType;
-  fromDER(hex: Hex): SignatureType;
-};
-type SignatureLike = { r: bigint; s: bigint };
-
-export type PubKey = Hex | ProjPointType<bigint>;
-
-export type CurveType = BasicWCurve<bigint> & {
-  hash: CHash; // CHash not FHash because we need outputLen for DRBG
-  hmac: HmacFnSync;
-  randomBytes: (bytesLength?: number) => Uint8Array;
-  lowS?: boolean;
-  bits2int?: (bytes: Uint8Array) => bigint;
-  bits2int_modN?: (bytes: Uint8Array) => bigint;
-};
-
-function validateOpts(
-  curve: CurveType
-): Readonly<CurveType & { nByteLength: number; nBitLength: number }> {
-  const opts = validateBasic(curve);
-  ut.validateObject(
-    opts,
-    {
-      hash: 'hash',
-      hmac: 'function',
-      randomBytes: 'function',
-    },
-    {
-      bits2int: 'function',
-      bits2int_modN: 'function',
-      lowS: 'boolean',
-    }
-  );
-  return Object.freeze({ lowS: true, ...opts } as const);
-}
-
-export type CurveFn = {
-  CURVE: ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
-  getPublicKey: (privateKey: PrivKey, isCompressed?: boolean) => Uint8Array;
-  getSharedSecret: (privateA: PrivKey, publicB: Hex, isCompressed?: boolean) => Uint8Array;
-  sign: (msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts?: SignOpts) => RecoveredSignatureType;
-  verify: (signature: Hex | SignatureLike, msgHash: Hex, publicKey: Hex, opts?: VerOpts) => boolean;
-  ProjectivePoint: ProjConstructor<bigint>;
-  Signature: SignatureConstructor;
-  utils: {
-    normPrivateKeyToScalar: (key: PrivKey) => bigint;
-    isValidPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey): boolean;
-    randomPrivateKey: () => Uint8Array;
-    precompute: (windowSize?: number, point?: ProjPointType<bigint>) => ProjPointType<bigint>;
-  };
-};
-
-/**
- * Creates short weierstrass curve and ECDSA signature methods for it.
- * @example
- * import { Field } from '@noble/curves/abstract/modular';
- * // Before that, define BigInt-s: a, b, p, n, Gx, Gy
- * const curve = weierstrass({ a, b, Fp: Field(p), n, Gx, Gy, h: 1n })
- */
-export function weierstrass(curveDef: CurveType): CurveFn {
-  const CURVE = validateOpts(curveDef) as ReturnType<typeof validateOpts>;
-  const { Fp, n: CURVE_ORDER } = CURVE;
-  const compressedLen = Fp.BYTES + 1; // e.g. 33 for 32
-  const uncompressedLen = 2 * Fp.BYTES + 1; // e.g. 65 for 32
-
-  function modN(a: bigint) {
-    return mod(a, CURVE_ORDER);
-  }
-  function invN(a: bigint) {
-    return invert(a, CURVE_ORDER);
-  }
-
-  const {
-    ProjectivePoint: Point,
-    normPrivateKeyToScalar,
-    weierstrassEquation,
-    isWithinCurveOrder,
-  } = weierstrassPoints({
-    ...CURVE,
-    toBytes(_c, point, isCompressed: boolean): Uint8Array {
-      const a = point.toAffine();
-      const x = Fp.toBytes(a.x);
-      const cat = ut.concatBytes;
-      abool('isCompressed', isCompressed);
-      if (isCompressed) {
-        return cat(Uint8Array.from([point.hasEvenY() ? 0x02 : 0x03]), x);
-      } else {
-        return cat(Uint8Array.from([0x04]), x, Fp.toBytes(a.y));
-      }
-    },
-    fromBytes(bytes: Uint8Array) {
-      const len = bytes.length;
-      const head = bytes[0];
-      const tail = bytes.subarray(1);
-      // this.assertValidity() is done inside of fromHex
-      if (len === compressedLen && (head === 0x02 || head === 0x03)) {
-        const x = ut.bytesToNumberBE(tail);
-        if (!ut.inRange(x, _1n, Fp.ORDER)) throw new Error('Point is not on curve');
-        const y2 = weierstrassEquation(x); // y² = x³ + ax + b
-        let y: bigint;
-        try {
-          y = Fp.sqrt(y2); // y = y² ^ (p+1)/4
-        } catch (sqrtError) {
-          const suffix = sqrtError instanceof Error ? ': ' + sqrtError.message : '';
-          throw new Error('Point is not on curve' + suffix);
-        }
-        const isYOdd = (y & _1n) === _1n;
-        // ECDSA
-        const isHeadOdd = (head & 1) === 1;
-        if (isHeadOdd !== isYOdd) y = Fp.neg(y);
-        return { x, y };
-      } else if (len === uncompressedLen && head === 0x04) {
-        const x = Fp.fromBytes(tail.subarray(0, Fp.BYTES));
-        const y = Fp.fromBytes(tail.subarray(Fp.BYTES, 2 * Fp.BYTES));
-        return { x, y };
-      } else {
-        const cl = compressedLen;
-        const ul = uncompressedLen;
-        throw new Error(
-          'invalid Point, expected length of ' + cl + ', or uncompressed ' + ul + ', got ' + len
-        );
-      }
-    },
-  });
-  const numToNByteStr = (num: bigint): string =>
-    ut.bytesToHex(ut.numberToBytesBE(num, CURVE.nByteLength));
-
-  function isBiggerThanHalfOrder(number: bigint) {
-    const HALF = CURVE_ORDER >> _1n;
-    return number > HALF;
-  }
-
-  function normalizeS(s: bigint) {
-    return isBiggerThanHalfOrder(s) ? modN(-s) : s;
-  }
-  // slice bytes num
-  const slcNum = (b: Uint8Array, from: number, to: number) => ut.bytesToNumberBE(b.slice(from, to));
-
-  /**
-   * ECDSA signature with its (r, s) properties. Supports DER & compact representations.
-   */
-  class Signature implements SignatureType {
-    constructor(
-      readonly r: bigint,
-      readonly s: bigint,
-      readonly recovery?: number
-    ) {
-      this.assertValidity();
-    }
-
-    // pair (bytes of r, bytes of s)
-    static fromCompact(hex: Hex) {
-      const l = CURVE.nByteLength;
-      hex = ensureBytes('compactSignature', hex, l * 2);
-      return new Signature(slcNum(hex, 0, l), slcNum(hex, l, 2 * l));
-    }
-
-    // DER encoded ECDSA signature
-    // https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/57644/what-are-the-parts-of-a-bitcoin-transaction-input-script
-    static fromDER(hex: Hex) {
-      const { r, s } = DER.toSig(ensureBytes('DER', hex));
-      return new Signature(r, s);
-    }
-
-    assertValidity(): void {
-      ut.aInRange('r', this.r, _1n, CURVE_ORDER); // r in [1..N]
-      ut.aInRange('s', this.s, _1n, CURVE_ORDER); // s in [1..N]
-    }
-
-    addRecoveryBit(recovery: number): RecoveredSignature {
-      return new Signature(this.r, this.s, recovery) as RecoveredSignature;
-    }
-
-    recoverPublicKey(msgHash: Hex): typeof Point.BASE {
-      const { r, s, recovery: rec } = this;
-      const h = bits2int_modN(ensureBytes('msgHash', msgHash)); // Truncate hash
-      if (rec == null || ![0, 1, 2, 3].includes(rec)) throw new Error('recovery id invalid');
-      const radj = rec === 2 || rec === 3 ? r + CURVE.n : r;
-      if (radj >= Fp.ORDER) throw new Error('recovery id 2 or 3 invalid');
-      const prefix = (rec & 1) === 0 ? '02' : '03';
-      const R = Point.fromHex(prefix + numToNByteStr(radj));
-      const ir = invN(radj); // r^-1
-      const u1 = modN(-h * ir); // -hr^-1
-      const u2 = modN(s * ir); // sr^-1
-      const Q = Point.BASE.multiplyAndAddUnsafe(R, u1, u2); // (sr^-1)R-(hr^-1)G = -(hr^-1)G + (sr^-1)
-      if (!Q) throw new Error('point at infinify'); // unsafe is fine: no priv data leaked
-      Q.assertValidity();
-      return Q;
-    }
-
-    // Signatures should be low-s, to prevent malleability.
-    hasHighS(): boolean {
-      return isBiggerThanHalfOrder(this.s);
-    }
-
-    normalizeS() {
-      return this.hasHighS() ? new Signature(this.r, modN(-this.s), this.recovery) : this;
-    }
-
-    // DER-encoded
-    toDERRawBytes() {
-      return ut.hexToBytes(this.toDERHex());
-    }
-    toDERHex() {
-      return DER.hexFromSig({ r: this.r, s: this.s });
-    }
-
-    // padded bytes of r, then padded bytes of s
-    toCompactRawBytes() {
-      return ut.hexToBytes(this.toCompactHex());
-    }
-    toCompactHex() {
-      return numToNByteStr(this.r) + numToNByteStr(this.s);
-    }
-  }
-  type RecoveredSignature = Signature & { recovery: number };
-
-  const utils = {
-    isValidPrivateKey(privateKey: PrivKey) {
-      try {
-        normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey);
-        return true;
-      } catch (error) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    },
-    normPrivateKeyToScalar: normPrivateKeyToScalar,
-
-    /**
-     * Produces cryptographically secure private key from random of size
-     * (groupLen + ceil(groupLen / 2)) with modulo bias being negligible.
-     */
-    randomPrivateKey: (): Uint8Array => {
-      const length = getMinHashLength(CURVE.n);
-      return mapHashToField(CURVE.randomBytes(length), CURVE.n);
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Creates precompute table for an arbitrary EC point. Makes point "cached".
-     * Allows to massively speed-up `point.multiply(scalar)`.
-     * @returns cached point
-     * @example
-     * const fast = utils.precompute(8, ProjectivePoint.fromHex(someonesPubKey));
-     * fast.multiply(privKey); // much faster ECDH now
-     */
-    precompute(windowSize = 8, point = Point.BASE): typeof Point.BASE {
-      point._setWindowSize(windowSize);
-      point.multiply(BigInt(3)); // 3 is arbitrary, just need any number here
-      return point;
-    },
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Computes public key for a private key. Checks for validity of the private key.
-   * @param privateKey private key
-   * @param isCompressed whether to return compact (default), or full key
-   * @returns Public key, full when isCompressed=false; short when isCompressed=true
-   */
-  function getPublicKey(privateKey: PrivKey, isCompressed = true): Uint8Array {
-    return Point.fromPrivateKey(privateKey).toRawBytes(isCompressed);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Quick and dirty check for item being public key. Does not validate hex, or being on-curve.
-   */
-  function isProbPub(item: PrivKey | PubKey): boolean {
-    const arr = ut.isBytes(item);
-    const str = typeof item === 'string';
-    const len = (arr || str) && (item as Hex).length;
-    if (arr) return len === compressedLen || len === uncompressedLen;
-    if (str) return len === 2 * compressedLen || len === 2 * uncompressedLen;
-    if (item instanceof Point) return true;
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman).
-   * Computes shared public key from private key and public key.
-   * Checks: 1) private key validity 2) shared key is on-curve.
-   * Does NOT hash the result.
-   * @param privateA private key
-   * @param publicB different public key
-   * @param isCompressed whether to return compact (default), or full key
-   * @returns shared public key
-   */
-  function getSharedSecret(privateA: PrivKey, publicB: Hex, isCompressed = true): Uint8Array {
-    if (isProbPub(privateA)) throw new Error('first arg must be private key');
-    if (!isProbPub(publicB)) throw new Error('second arg must be public key');
-    const b = Point.fromHex(publicB); // check for being on-curve
-    return b.multiply(normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateA)).toRawBytes(isCompressed);
-  }
-
-  // RFC6979: ensure ECDSA msg is X bytes and < N. RFC suggests optional truncating via bits2octets.
-  // FIPS 186-4 4.6 suggests the leftmost min(nBitLen, outLen) bits, which matches bits2int.
-  // bits2int can produce res>N, we can do mod(res, N) since the bitLen is the same.
-  // int2octets can't be used; pads small msgs with 0: unacceptatble for trunc as per RFC vectors
-  const bits2int =
-    CURVE.bits2int ||
-    function (bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-      // Our custom check "just in case"
-      if (bytes.length > 8192) throw new Error('input is too large');
-      // For curves with nBitLength % 8 !== 0: bits2octets(bits2octets(m)) !== bits2octets(m)
-      // for some cases, since bytes.length * 8 is not actual bitLength.
-      const num = ut.bytesToNumberBE(bytes); // check for == u8 done here
-      const delta = bytes.length * 8 - CURVE.nBitLength; // truncate to nBitLength leftmost bits
-      return delta > 0 ? num >> BigInt(delta) : num;
-    };
-  const bits2int_modN =
-    CURVE.bits2int_modN ||
-    function (bytes: Uint8Array): bigint {
-      return modN(bits2int(bytes)); // can't use bytesToNumberBE here
-    };
-  // NOTE: pads output with zero as per spec
-  const ORDER_MASK = ut.bitMask(CURVE.nBitLength);
-  /**
-   * Converts to bytes. Checks if num in `[0..ORDER_MASK-1]` e.g.: `[0..2^256-1]`.
-   */
-  function int2octets(num: bigint): Uint8Array {
-    ut.aInRange('num < 2^' + CURVE.nBitLength, num, _0n, ORDER_MASK);
-    // works with order, can have different size than numToField!
-    return ut.numberToBytesBE(num, CURVE.nByteLength);
-  }
-
-  // Steps A, D of RFC6979 3.2
-  // Creates RFC6979 seed; converts msg/privKey to numbers.
-  // Used only in sign, not in verify.
-  // NOTE: we cannot assume here that msgHash has same amount of bytes as curve order,
-  // this will be invalid at least for P521. Also it can be bigger for P224 + SHA256
-  function prepSig(msgHash: Hex, privateKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts) {
-    if (['recovered', 'canonical'].some((k) => k in opts))
-      throw new Error('sign() legacy options not supported');
-    const { hash, randomBytes } = CURVE;
-    let { lowS, prehash, extraEntropy: ent } = opts; // generates low-s sigs by default
-    if (lowS == null) lowS = true; // RFC6979 3.2: we skip step A, because we already provide hash
-    msgHash = ensureBytes('msgHash', msgHash);
-    validateSigVerOpts(opts);
-    if (prehash) msgHash = ensureBytes('prehashed msgHash', hash(msgHash));
-
-    // We can't later call bits2octets, since nested bits2int is broken for curves
-    // with nBitLength % 8 !== 0. Because of that, we unwrap it here as int2octets call.
-    // const bits2octets = (bits) => int2octets(bits2int_modN(bits))
-    const h1int = bits2int_modN(msgHash);
-    const d = normPrivateKeyToScalar(privateKey); // validate private key, convert to bigint
-    const seedArgs = [int2octets(d), int2octets(h1int)];
-    // extraEntropy. RFC6979 3.6: additional k' (optional).
-    if (ent != null && ent !== false) {
-      // K = HMAC_K(V || 0x00 || int2octets(x) || bits2octets(h1) || k')
-      const e = ent === true ? randomBytes(Fp.BYTES) : ent; // generate random bytes OR pass as-is
-      seedArgs.push(ensureBytes('extraEntropy', e)); // check for being bytes
-    }
-    const seed = ut.concatBytes(...seedArgs); // Step D of RFC6979 3.2
-    const m = h1int; // NOTE: no need to call bits2int second time here, it is inside truncateHash!
-    // Converts signature params into point w r/s, checks result for validity.
-    function k2sig(kBytes: Uint8Array): RecoveredSignature | undefined {
-      // RFC 6979 Section 3.2, step 3: k = bits2int(T)
-      const k = bits2int(kBytes); // Cannot use fields methods, since it is group element
-      if (!isWithinCurveOrder(k)) return; // Important: all mod() calls here must be done over N
-      const ik = invN(k); // k^-1 mod n
-      const q = Point.BASE.multiply(k).toAffine(); // q = Gk
-      const r = modN(q.x); // r = q.x mod n
-      if (r === _0n) return;
-      // Can use scalar blinding b^-1(bm + bdr) where b ∈ [1,q−1] according to
-      // https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/7337/6509. We've decided against it:
-      // a) dependency on CSPRNG b) 15% slowdown c) doesn't really help since bigints are not CT
-      const s = modN(ik * modN(m + r * d)); // Not using blinding here
-      if (s === _0n) return;
-      let recovery = (q.x === r ? 0 : 2) | Number(q.y & _1n); // recovery bit (2 or 3, when q.x > n)
-      let normS = s;
-      if (lowS && isBiggerThanHalfOrder(s)) {
-        normS = normalizeS(s); // if lowS was passed, ensure s is always
-        recovery ^= 1; // // in the bottom half of N
-      }
-      return new Signature(r, normS, recovery) as RecoveredSignature; // use normS, not s
-    }
-    return { seed, k2sig };
-  }
-  const defaultSigOpts: SignOpts = { lowS: CURVE.lowS, prehash: false };
-  const defaultVerOpts: VerOpts = { lowS: CURVE.lowS, prehash: false };
-
-  /**
-   * Signs message hash with a private key.
-   * ```
-   * sign(m, d, k) where
-   *   (x, y) = G × k
-   *   r = x mod n
-   *   s = (m + dr)/k mod n
-   * ```
-   * @param msgHash NOT message. msg needs to be hashed to `msgHash`, or use `prehash`.
-   * @param privKey private key
-   * @param opts lowS for non-malleable sigs. extraEntropy for mixing randomness into k. prehash will hash first arg.
-   * @returns signature with recovery param
-   */
-  function sign(msgHash: Hex, privKey: PrivKey, opts = defaultSigOpts): RecoveredSignature {
-    const { seed, k2sig } = prepSig(msgHash, privKey, opts); // Steps A, D of RFC6979 3.2.
-    const C = CURVE;
-    const drbg = ut.createHmacDrbg<RecoveredSignature>(C.hash.outputLen, C.nByteLength, C.hmac);
-    return drbg(seed, k2sig); // Steps B, C, D, E, F, G
-  }
-
-  // Enable precomputes. Slows down first publicKey computation by 20ms.
-  Point.BASE._setWindowSize(8);
-  // utils.precompute(8, ProjectivePoint.BASE)
-
-  /**
-   * Verifies a signature against message hash and public key.
-   * Rejects lowS signatures by default: to override,
-   * specify option `{lowS: false}`. Implements section 4.1.4 from https://www.secg.org/sec1-v2.pdf:
-   *
-   * ```
-   * verify(r, s, h, P) where
-   *   U1 = hs^-1 mod n
-   *   U2 = rs^-1 mod n
-   *   R = U1⋅G - U2⋅P
-   *   mod(R.x, n) == r
-   * ```
-   */
-  function verify(
-    signature: Hex | SignatureLike,
-    msgHash: Hex,
-    publicKey: Hex,
-    opts = defaultVerOpts
-  ): boolean {
-    const sg = signature;
-    msgHash = ensureBytes('msgHash', msgHash);
-    publicKey = ensureBytes('publicKey', publicKey);
-    const { lowS, prehash, format } = opts;
-
-    // Verify opts, deduce signature format
-    validateSigVerOpts(opts);
-    if ('strict' in opts) throw new Error('options.strict was renamed to lowS');
-    if (format !== undefined && format !== 'compact' && format !== 'der')
-      throw new Error('format must be compact or der');
-    const isHex = typeof sg === 'string' || ut.isBytes(sg);
-    const isObj =
-      !isHex &&
-      !format &&
-      typeof sg === 'object' &&
-      sg !== null &&
-      typeof sg.r === 'bigint' &&
-      typeof sg.s === 'bigint';
-    if (!isHex && !isObj)
-      throw new Error('invalid signature, expected Uint8Array, hex string or Signature instance');
-
-    let _sig: Signature | undefined = undefined;
-    let P: ProjPointType<bigint>;
-    try {
-      if (isObj) _sig = new Signature(sg.r, sg.s);
-      if (isHex) {
-        // Signature can be represented in 2 ways: compact (2*nByteLength) & DER (variable-length).
-        // Since DER can also be 2*nByteLength bytes, we check for it first.
-        try {
-          if (format !== 'compact') _sig = Signature.fromDER(sg);
-        } catch (derError) {
-          if (!(derError instanceof DER.Err)) throw derError;
-        }
-        if (!_sig && format !== 'der') _sig = Signature.fromCompact(sg);
-      }
-      P = Point.fromHex(publicKey);
-    } catch (error) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (!_sig) return false;
-    if (lowS && _sig.hasHighS()) return false;
-    if (prehash) msgHash = CURVE.hash(msgHash);
-    const { r, s } = _sig;
-    const h = bits2int_modN(msgHash); // Cannot use fields methods, since it is group element
-    const is = invN(s); // s^-1
-    const u1 = modN(h * is); // u1 = hs^-1 mod n
-    const u2 = modN(r * is); // u2 = rs^-1 mod n
-    const R = Point.BASE.multiplyAndAddUnsafe(P, u1, u2)?.toAffine(); // R = u1⋅G + u2⋅P
-    if (!R) return false;
-    const v = modN(R.x);
-    return v === r;
-  }
-  return {
-    CURVE,
-    getPublicKey,
-    getSharedSecret,
-    sign,
-    verify,
-    ProjectivePoint: Point,
-    Signature,
-    utils,
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Implementation of the Shallue and van de Woestijne method for any weierstrass curve.
- * TODO: check if there is a way to merge this with uvRatio in Edwards; move to modular.
- * b = True and y = sqrt(u / v) if (u / v) is square in F, and
- * b = False and y = sqrt(Z * (u / v)) otherwise.
- * @param Fp
- * @param Z
- * @returns
- */
-export function SWUFpSqrtRatio<T>(
-  Fp: IField<T>,
-  Z: T
-): (u: T, v: T) => { isValid: boolean; value: T } {
-  // Generic implementation
-  const q = Fp.ORDER;
-  let l = _0n;
-  for (let o = q - _1n; o % _2n === _0n; o /= _2n) l += _1n;
-  const c1 = l; // 1. c1, the largest integer such that 2^c1 divides q - 1.
-  // We need 2n ** c1 and 2n ** (c1-1). We can't use **; but we can use <<.
-  // 2n ** c1 == 2n << (c1-1)
-  const _2n_pow_c1_1 = _2n << (c1 - _1n - _1n);
-  const _2n_pow_c1 = _2n_pow_c1_1 * _2n;
-  const c2 = (q - _1n) / _2n_pow_c1; // 2. c2 = (q - 1) / (2^c1)  # Integer arithmetic
-  const c3 = (c2 - _1n) / _2n; // 3. c3 = (c2 - 1) / 2            # Integer arithmetic
-  const c4 = _2n_pow_c1 - _1n; // 4. c4 = 2^c1 - 1                # Integer arithmetic
-  const c5 = _2n_pow_c1_1; // 5. c5 = 2^(c1 - 1)                  # Integer arithmetic
-  const c6 = Fp.pow(Z, c2); // 6. c6 = Z^c2
-  const c7 = Fp.pow(Z, (c2 + _1n) / _2n); // 7. c7 = Z^((c2 + 1) / 2)
-  let sqrtRatio = (u: T, v: T): { isValid: boolean; value: T } => {
-    let tv1 = c6; // 1. tv1 = c6
-    let tv2 = Fp.pow(v, c4); // 2. tv2 = v^c4
-    let tv3 = Fp.sqr(tv2); // 3. tv3 = tv2^2
-    tv3 = Fp.mul(tv3, v); // 4. tv3 = tv3 * v
-    let tv5 = Fp.mul(u, tv3); // 5. tv5 = u * tv3
-    tv5 = Fp.pow(tv5, c3); // 6. tv5 = tv5^c3
-    tv5 = Fp.mul(tv5, tv2); // 7. tv5 = tv5 * tv2
-    tv2 = Fp.mul(tv5, v); // 8. tv2 = tv5 * v
-    tv3 = Fp.mul(tv5, u); // 9. tv3 = tv5 * u
-    let tv4 = Fp.mul(tv3, tv2); // 10. tv4 = tv3 * tv2
-    tv5 = Fp.pow(tv4, c5); // 11. tv5 = tv4^c5
-    let isQR = Fp.eql(tv5, Fp.ONE); // 12. isQR = tv5 == 1
-    tv2 = Fp.mul(tv3, c7); // 13. tv2 = tv3 * c7
-    tv5 = Fp.mul(tv4, tv1); // 14. tv5 = tv4 * tv1
-    tv3 = Fp.cmov(tv2, tv3, isQR); // 15. tv3 = CMOV(tv2, tv3, isQR)
-    tv4 = Fp.cmov(tv5, tv4, isQR); // 16. tv4 = CMOV(tv5, tv4, isQR)
-    // 17. for i in (c1, c1 - 1, ..., 2):
-    for (let i = c1; i > _1n; i--) {
-      let tv5 = i - _2n; // 18.    tv5 = i - 2
-      tv5 = _2n << (tv5 - _1n); // 19.    tv5 = 2^tv5
-      let tvv5 = Fp.pow(tv4, tv5); // 20.    tv5 = tv4^tv5
-      const e1 = Fp.eql(tvv5, Fp.ONE); // 21.    e1 = tv5 == 1
-      tv2 = Fp.mul(tv3, tv1); // 22.    tv2 = tv3 * tv1
-      tv1 = Fp.mul(tv1, tv1); // 23.    tv1 = tv1 * tv1
-      tvv5 = Fp.mul(tv4, tv1); // 24.    tv5 = tv4 * tv1
-      tv3 = Fp.cmov(tv2, tv3, e1); // 25.    tv3 = CMOV(tv2, tv3, e1)
-      tv4 = Fp.cmov(tvv5, tv4, e1); // 26.    tv4 = CMOV(tv5, tv4, e1)
-    }
-    return { isValid: isQR, value: tv3 };
-  };
-  if (Fp.ORDER % _4n === _3n) {
-    // sqrt_ratio_3mod4(u, v)
-    const c1 = (Fp.ORDER - _3n) / _4n; // 1. c1 = (q - 3) / 4     # Integer arithmetic
-    const c2 = Fp.sqrt(Fp.neg(Z)); // 2. c2 = sqrt(-Z)
-    sqrtRatio = (u: T, v: T) => {
-      let tv1 = Fp.sqr(v); // 1. tv1 = v^2
-      const tv2 = Fp.mul(u, v); // 2. tv2 = u * v
-      tv1 = Fp.mul(tv1, tv2); // 3. tv1 = tv1 * tv2
-      let y1 = Fp.pow(tv1, c1); // 4. y1 = tv1^c1
-      y1 = Fp.mul(y1, tv2); // 5. y1 = y1 * tv2
-      const y2 = Fp.mul(y1, c2); // 6. y2 = y1 * c2
-      const tv3 = Fp.mul(Fp.sqr(y1), v); // 7. tv3 = y1^2; 8. tv3 = tv3 * v
-      const isQR = Fp.eql(tv3, u); // 9. isQR = tv3 == u
-      let y = Fp.cmov(y2, y1, isQR); // 10. y = CMOV(y2, y1, isQR)
-      return { isValid: isQR, value: y }; // 11. return (isQR, y) isQR ? y : y*c2
-    };
-  }
-  // No curves uses that
-  // if (Fp.ORDER % _8n === _5n) // sqrt_ratio_5mod8
-  return sqrtRatio;
-}
-/**
- * Simplified Shallue-van de Woestijne-Ulas Method
- * https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9380#section-6.6.2
- */
-export function mapToCurveSimpleSWU<T>(
-  Fp: IField<T>,
-  opts: {
-    A: T;
-    B: T;
-    Z: T;
-  }
-): (u: T) => { x: T; y: T } {
-  validateField(Fp);
-  if (!Fp.isValid(opts.A) || !Fp.isValid(opts.B) || !Fp.isValid(opts.Z))
-    throw new Error('mapToCurveSimpleSWU: invalid opts');
-  const sqrtRatio = SWUFpSqrtRatio(Fp, opts.Z);
-  if (!Fp.isOdd) throw new Error('Fp.isOdd is not implemented!');
-  // Input: u, an element of F.
-  // Output: (x, y), a point on E.
-  return (u: T): { x: T; y: T } => {
-    // prettier-ignore
-    let tv1, tv2, tv3, tv4, tv5, tv6, x, y;
-    tv1 = Fp.sqr(u); // 1.  tv1 = u^2
-    tv1 = Fp.mul(tv1, opts.Z); // 2.  tv1 = Z * tv1
-    tv2 = Fp.sqr(tv1); // 3.  tv2 = tv1^2
-    tv2 = Fp.add(tv2, tv1); // 4.  tv2 = tv2 + tv1
-    tv3 = Fp.add(tv2, Fp.ONE); // 5.  tv3 = tv2 + 1
-    tv3 = Fp.mul(tv3, opts.B); // 6.  tv3 = B * tv3
-    tv4 = Fp.cmov(opts.Z, Fp.neg(tv2), !Fp.eql(tv2, Fp.ZERO)); // 7.  tv4 = CMOV(Z, -tv2, tv2 != 0)
-    tv4 = Fp.mul(tv4, opts.A); // 8.  tv4 = A * tv4
-    tv2 = Fp.sqr(tv3); // 9.  tv2 = tv3^2
-    tv6 = Fp.sqr(tv4); // 10. tv6 = tv4^2
-    tv5 = Fp.mul(tv6, opts.A); // 11. tv5 = A * tv6
-    tv2 = Fp.add(tv2, tv5); // 12. tv2 = tv2 + tv5
-    tv2 = Fp.mul(tv2, tv3); // 13. tv2 = tv2 * tv3
-    tv6 = Fp.mul(tv6, tv4); // 14. tv6 = tv6 * tv4
-    tv5 = Fp.mul(tv6, opts.B); // 15. tv5 = B * tv6
-    tv2 = Fp.add(tv2, tv5); // 16. tv2 = tv2 + tv5
-    x = Fp.mul(tv1, tv3); // 17.   x = tv1 * tv3
-    const { isValid, value } = sqrtRatio(tv2, tv6); // 18. (is_gx1_square, y1) = sqrt_ratio(tv2, tv6)
-    y = Fp.mul(tv1, u); // 19.   y = tv1 * u  -> Z * u^3 * y1
-    y = Fp.mul(y, value); // 20.   y = y * y1
-    x = Fp.cmov(x, tv3, isValid); // 21.   x = CMOV(x, tv3, is_gx1_square)
-    y = Fp.cmov(y, value, isValid); // 22.   y = CMOV(y, y1, is_gx1_square)
-    const e1 = Fp.isOdd!(u) === Fp.isOdd!(y); // 23.  e1 = sgn0(u) == sgn0(y)
-    y = Fp.cmov(Fp.neg(y), y, e1); // 24.   y = CMOV(-y, y, e1)
-    x = Fp.div(x, tv4); // 25.   x = x / tv4
-    return { x, y };
-  };
-}