@meimu/mutracer 0.1.0 → 0.1.1

package/lib/renderer/committedScene.js

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export class CommittedScene {
     instanceVersions = new WeakMap();
     value;
     copying = new WeakSet();
-    copy(value) {
+    copy(value, retainGeometryBvh = false) {
         if (!value || typeof value !== 'object')
             return value;
         const object = value;
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export class CommittedScene {
                     }
                 }
                 else
-                    cloned[key] = value instanceof Texture && key === 'source' ? value.source : this.copy(value[key]);
+                    cloned[key] = value instanceof Texture && key === 'source' ? value.source : this.copy(value[key], retainGeometryBvh);
             }
         }
         finally {
@@ -89,7 +89,12 @@ export class CommittedScene {
             });
         if (value instanceof Geometry) {
             this.geometryVersions.set(value, value.version);
-            setGeometryBvh(cloned, getGeometryBvh(value));
+            // The renderer builds/refits BVHs on the committed geometry. A source
+            // without a precomputed BVH must not erase that tree on every pose edit.
+            // Full scene replacements cannot rely on an incremental renderer refit.
+            const sourceBvh = getGeometryBvh(value);
+            if (sourceBvh || !retainGeometryBvh)
+                setGeometryBvh(cloned, sourceBvh);
             copyGeometryChangeState(value, cloned);
         }
         return cloned;
@@ -102,12 +107,12 @@ export class CommittedScene {
             for (const mesh of changes.transforms) {
                 this.copy(mesh.transform);
                 if (mesh instanceof InstancedMesh)
-                    this.copy(mesh);
+                    this.copy(mesh, true);
             }
             for (const mesh of changes.colors)
-                this.copy(mesh);
+                this.copy(mesh, true);
             for (const geometry of changes.geometries)
-                this.copy(geometry);
+                this.copy(geometry, true);
             for (const material of changes.materials)
                 this.copy(material);
             if (changes.lights)

package/lib/renderer/committedScene.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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{createCanvas} from '../util/canvas.js';\nimport Geometry from '../scene/Geometry.js';\nimport InstancedMesh from '../scene/InstancedMesh.js';\nimport Texture from '../scene/Texture.js';\nimport { copyGeometryChangeState } from '../scene/geometryChanges.js';\nimport { getGeometryBvh, setGeometryBvh } from './geometryBvh.js';\nimport type { Scene } from '../scene/Scene.js';\nimport type { SceneChanges } from './sceneChangeDetector.js';\n\n/** Stable engine-owned mirrors isolate deferred GPU uploads from external edits. */\nexport class CommittedScene {\n  private readonly copies = new WeakMap<object, any>();\n  private readonly geometryVersions = new WeakMap<Geometry, number>();\n  private readonly instanceVersions = new WeakMap<InstancedMesh, {transformsVersion: number; transforms: Float32Array; colorsVersion: number; colors?: Float32Array}>();\n  private value?: Scene;\n  private readonly copying = new WeakSet<object>();\n\n  private copy<T>(value: T): T {\n    if (!value || typeof value !== 'object') return value;\n    const object = value as object;\n    if ((typeof HTMLImageElement !== 'undefined' && object instanceof HTMLImageElement) || (typeof HTMLCanvasElement !== 'undefined' && object instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) ||\n        (typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && object instanceof OffscreenCanvas) ||\n        (typeof ImageBitmap !== 'undefined' && object instanceof ImageBitmap)) {\n      const source = object as HTMLImageElement | HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas | ImageBitmap;\n      let canvas = this.copies.get(object) as HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas | undefined;\n      if (!canvas) { canvas = createCanvas(source.width, source.height); this.copies.set(object, canvas); }\n      canvas.width = source.width; canvas.height = source.height;\n      const context = canvas.getContext('2d') as CanvasRenderingContext2D | OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D | null;\n      if (!context) throw new Error('Texture snapshot context is not available.');\n      context.drawImage(source, 0, 0);\n      return canvas as T;\n    }\n    if (typeof Node !== 'undefined' && object instanceof Node) return value;\n    if (value instanceof Geometry && this.geometryVersions.get(value) === value.version) return this.copies.get(value);\n    if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value)) {\n      const previous = this.copies.get(object);\n      if (previous?.constructor === value.constructor && previous.length === (value as any).length) {\n        previous.set(value); return previous;\n      }\n      const cloned = (value as any).slice(); this.copies.set(object, cloned); return cloned;\n    }\n    if (value instanceof ArrayBuffer) return value.slice(0) as T;\n    let cloned = this.copies.get(object);\n    if (!cloned) { cloned = Array.isArray(value) ? [] : Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(value)); this.copies.set(object, cloned); }\n    if (this.copying.has(object)) return cloned;\n    this.copying.add(object);\n    try {\n      for (const key of Object.keys(value)) {\n        if (value instanceof InstancedMesh && (key === 'transforms' || key === 'colors')) {\n          const previous = this.instanceVersions.get(value);\n          const version = key === 'transforms' ? value.transformsVersion : value.colorsVersion;\n          const priorVersion = key === 'transforms' ? previous?.transformsVersion : previous?.colorsVersion;\n          const array = value[key];\n          if (!previous || priorVersion !== version || previous[key] !== array) {\n            // Each batch owns its snapshot even when callers share source storage.\n            if (!array) cloned[key] = undefined;\n            else if (previous?.[key] === array && cloned[key]?.length === array.length) cloned[key].set(array);\n            else cloned[key] = array.slice();\n          }\n        } else cloned[key] = value instanceof Texture && key === 'source' ? value.source : this.copy((value as any)[key]);\n      }\n    } finally { this.copying.delete(object); }\n    if (Array.isArray(value)) cloned.length = value.length;\n    if (value instanceof InstancedMesh) this.instanceVersions.set(value, {\n      transformsVersion: value.transformsVersion, transforms: value.transforms,\n      colorsVersion: value.colorsVersion, colors: value.colors\n    });\n    if (value instanceof Geometry) {\n      this.geometryVersions.set(value, value.version);\n      setGeometryBvh(cloned, getGeometryBvh(value));\n      copyGeometryChangeState(value, cloned);\n    }\n    return cloned;\n  }\n\n  mirror<T extends object>(source: T): T { return this.copies.get(source); }\n\n  capture(scene: Scene, changes: SceneChanges): Scene {\n    if (!this.value || changes.meshes === 'full') this.value = { meshes: this.copy(scene.meshes), lights: this.copy(scene.lights), background: this.copy(scene.background) };\n    else {\n      for (const mesh of changes.transforms) {\n        this.copy(mesh.transform);\n        if (mesh instanceof InstancedMesh) this.copy(mesh);\n      }\n      for (const mesh of changes.colors) this.copy(mesh);\n      for (const geometry of changes.geometries) this.copy(geometry);\n      for (const material of changes.materials) this.copy(material);\n      if (changes.lights) this.value.lights = this.copy(scene.lights);\n      if (changes.background) this.value.background = this.copy(scene.background);\n    }\n    return this.value;\n  }\n}\n"]}
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{createCanvas} from '../util/canvas.js';\nimport Geometry from '../scene/Geometry.js';\nimport InstancedMesh from '../scene/InstancedMesh.js';\nimport Texture from '../scene/Texture.js';\nimport { copyGeometryChangeState } from '../scene/geometryChanges.js';\nimport { getGeometryBvh, setGeometryBvh } from './geometryBvh.js';\nimport type { Scene } from '../scene/Scene.js';\nimport type { SceneChanges } from './sceneChangeDetector.js';\n\n/** Stable engine-owned mirrors isolate deferred GPU uploads from external edits. */\nexport class CommittedScene {\n  private readonly copies = new WeakMap<object, any>();\n  private readonly geometryVersions = new WeakMap<Geometry, number>();\n  private readonly instanceVersions = new WeakMap<InstancedMesh, {transformsVersion: number; transforms: Float32Array; colorsVersion: number; colors?: Float32Array}>();\n  private value?: Scene;\n  private readonly copying = new WeakSet<object>();\n\n  private copy<T>(value: T, retainGeometryBvh = false): T {\n    if (!value || typeof value !== 'object') return value;\n    const object = value as object;\n    if ((typeof HTMLImageElement !== 'undefined' && object instanceof HTMLImageElement) || (typeof HTMLCanvasElement !== 'undefined' && object instanceof HTMLCanvasElement) ||\n        (typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && object instanceof OffscreenCanvas) ||\n        (typeof ImageBitmap !== 'undefined' && object instanceof ImageBitmap)) {\n      const source = object as HTMLImageElement | HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas | ImageBitmap;\n      let canvas = this.copies.get(object) as HTMLCanvasElement | OffscreenCanvas | undefined;\n      if (!canvas) { canvas = createCanvas(source.width, source.height); this.copies.set(object, canvas); }\n      canvas.width = source.width; canvas.height = source.height;\n      const context = canvas.getContext('2d') as CanvasRenderingContext2D | OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D | null;\n      if (!context) throw new Error('Texture snapshot context is not available.');\n      context.drawImage(source, 0, 0);\n      return canvas as T;\n    }\n    if (typeof Node !== 'undefined' && object instanceof Node) return value;\n    if (value instanceof Geometry && this.geometryVersions.get(value) === value.version) return this.copies.get(value);\n    if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value)) {\n      const previous = this.copies.get(object);\n      if (previous?.constructor === value.constructor && previous.length === (value as any).length) {\n        previous.set(value); return previous;\n      }\n      const cloned = (value as any).slice(); this.copies.set(object, cloned); return cloned;\n    }\n    if (value instanceof ArrayBuffer) return value.slice(0) as T;\n    let cloned = this.copies.get(object);\n    if (!cloned) { cloned = Array.isArray(value) ? [] : Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(value)); this.copies.set(object, cloned); }\n    if (this.copying.has(object)) return cloned;\n    this.copying.add(object);\n    try {\n      for (const key of Object.keys(value)) {\n        if (value instanceof InstancedMesh && (key === 'transforms' || key === 'colors')) {\n          const previous = this.instanceVersions.get(value);\n          const version = key === 'transforms' ? value.transformsVersion : value.colorsVersion;\n          const priorVersion = key === 'transforms' ? previous?.transformsVersion : previous?.colorsVersion;\n          const array = value[key];\n          if (!previous || priorVersion !== version || previous[key] !== array) {\n            // Each batch owns its snapshot even when callers share source storage.\n            if (!array) cloned[key] = undefined;\n            else if (previous?.[key] === array && cloned[key]?.length === array.length) cloned[key].set(array);\n            else cloned[key] = array.slice();\n          }\n        } else cloned[key] = value instanceof Texture && key === 'source' ? value.source : this.copy((value as any)[key], retainGeometryBvh);\n      }\n    } finally { this.copying.delete(object); }\n    if (Array.isArray(value)) cloned.length = value.length;\n    if (value instanceof InstancedMesh) this.instanceVersions.set(value, {\n      transformsVersion: value.transformsVersion, transforms: value.transforms,\n      colorsVersion: value.colorsVersion, colors: value.colors\n    });\n    if (value instanceof Geometry) {\n      this.geometryVersions.set(value, value.version);\n      // The renderer builds/refits BVHs on the committed geometry. A source\n      // without a precomputed BVH must not erase that tree on every pose edit.\n      // Full scene replacements cannot rely on an incremental renderer refit.\n      const sourceBvh = getGeometryBvh(value);\n      if (sourceBvh || !retainGeometryBvh) setGeometryBvh(cloned, sourceBvh);\n      copyGeometryChangeState(value, cloned);\n    }\n    return cloned;\n  }\n\n  mirror<T extends object>(source: T): T { return this.copies.get(source); }\n\n  capture(scene: Scene, changes: SceneChanges): Scene {\n    if (!this.value || changes.meshes === 'full') this.value = { meshes: this.copy(scene.meshes), lights: this.copy(scene.lights), background: this.copy(scene.background) };\n    else {\n      for (const mesh of changes.transforms) {\n        this.copy(mesh.transform);\n        if (mesh instanceof InstancedMesh) this.copy(mesh, true);\n      }\n      for (const mesh of changes.colors) this.copy(mesh, true);\n      for (const geometry of changes.geometries) this.copy(geometry, true);\n      for (const material of changes.materials) this.copy(material);\n      if (changes.lights) this.value.lights = this.copy(scene.lights);\n      if (changes.background) this.value.background = this.copy(scene.background);\n    }\n    return this.value;\n  }\n}\n"]}

package/lib/renderer/glsl/rayTrace.frag.js

@@ -120,6 +120,10 @@ ${intelMac ? doubleTransmissionCheckCode : ''}
 bool isShadowCatcher = mat.materialType == SHADOW_CATCHER;
 if (isShadowCatcher) {
 if (aa.fromEye) {
+
+
+outAux.albedo = vec3(1.0);
+outAux.normal = dot(si.normal, aa.ray.d) > 0.0 ? -si.normal : si.normal;
 si.hit = false;
 outAux.isShadowCatcher = true;
 }

package/lib/renderer/glsl/rayTrace.frag.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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see LICENSES/RayTracingRenderer-MIT.txt.\n\nimport commonGlsl from './chunks/common.glsl.js';\nimport rayTraceCore from './chunks/rayTraceCore.glsl.js';\nimport textureLinear from './chunks/textureLinear.glsl.js';\nimport materialBufferGlsl from './chunks/materialBuffer.glsl.js';\nimport intersect from './chunks/intersect.glsl.js';\nimport randGlsl from './chunks/rand.glsl.js';\nimport random from './chunks/random.glsl.js';\nimport envMap from './chunks/envMap.glsl.js';\nimport sampleMaterialGlsl from './chunks/sampleMaterial.glsl.js';\nimport sampleLightGlsl from './chunks/sampleLight.glsl.js';\nimport { FragmentShader, glsl, Shader } from '../shader.js';\nimport openPbrBsdfGlsl from './chunks/openPbrBsdf.glsl.js';\nimport samplingGlsl from './chunks/sampling.glsl.js';\nimport { isIntelMac } from '../util.js';\nimport uvProjectionGlsl from './chunks/uvProjection.glsl.js';\n\nconst doubleTransmissionCheckCode = glsl`\n#if defined(HAS_TRANSMISSION) || defined(HAS_ALPHA)\n  if (!si.isTransparency && BOUNCES < 16 && depth * 2 > BOUNCES) {\n    path.abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n#endif\n`;\n\n// bounce fix on intel mac\n// The intel mac only have one bounce if the loop is not unrolled\n// But windows will have extremely slow shader compilation if the loop is unrolled\n// So here the code are injected separately.\nconst bounceCodeOnIntelMac = glsl`\n// Mark loop can be unrolled\nfor(int _idx_ = 0; _idx_ < BOUNCES; _idx_++) {{\n  if (path.abort) {\n    return vec4(path.li, path.alpha);\n  }\n  bounce(path, depth, si, mat, outAux);\n}}\n`;\nconst bounceCodeOnOther = glsl`\nbool isOpaque = !si.isTransparency;\nint activeBounceLimit = min(BOUNCES, bounceLimit);\nfor(int idx = 0; idx < min(BOUNCES * 3, ${MAX_PATH_EVENTS}); idx++) {\n  if (isOpaque && idx > activeBounceLimit) {\n    path.abort = true;\n  }\n  if (path.abort) {\n    return vec4(path.li, path.alpha);\n  }\n  bounce(path, depth, si, mat, outAux);\n}\n`;\n\nexport default function createRayTraceFragmentShader() {\n  const intelMac = isIntelMac();\n  return new FragmentShader({\n  name: 'rayTraceFrag',\n  outputs: ['color', 'albedo', 'normal', 'moments'],\n  defines: {\n    BOUNCES: 2\n  },\n  uniforms: {\n    cameraApertureRadius: Shader.uniform('float', 0),\n    cameraFocusDistance: Shader.uniform('float', 10),\n\n    viewProjectionInv: Shader.uniform('mat4'),\n    viewInv: Shader.uniform('mat4'),\n    transmissiveOutputAlphaMin: Shader.uniform('float'),\n    openPbrEnergyLut: Shader.uniform('sampler2D'),\n\n    viewportSize: Shader.uniform('vec2'),\n\n    wavelength: Shader.uniform('float', 0),\n    bevelEnabled: Shader.uniform('bool', true),\n    dispersionWavelengths: Shader.uniform('int', 3),\n    bounceLimit: Shader.uniform('int', 8)\n  },\n  includes: [rayTraceCore, materialBufferGlsl, intersect, random, envMap],\n  main: glsl`\n${commonGlsl}\n\n${randGlsl}\n${random.main}\n\n${textureLinear}\n\n${rayTraceCore.main}\n\n${uvProjectionGlsl}\n\n${materialBufferGlsl.main}\n${intersect.main}\n${envMap.main}\n\n${samplingGlsl}\n${openPbrBsdfGlsl}\n\nfloat heroWavelength;\nfloat pathWavelength;\n\n${sampleLightGlsl}\n${sampleMaterialGlsl}\n\n${cameraRayGlsl}\nstruct RayTraceAuxiliary {\n  // Denoising guides and auxiliary pixel classification.\n  vec3 albedo;\n  vec3 normal;\n  bool isBlank;\n  // The primary ray hit a shadow catcher, whose sample the catcher pass owns.\n  bool isShadowCatcher;\n};\n\nvoid bounce(inout Path path, inout int depth, inout SurfaceInteraction si, inout OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat, inout RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n  samplingBounce = uint(max(depth, 0));\n  // The bounce will be doubled on the transmission material.\n  // For other materials. We will quite early\n  // TODO It is only used on Mac with AMD card. If I enabled it on windows.\n  // It will cause shader compilation too slow.\n${intelMac ? doubleTransmissionCheckCode : ''}\n\n  bool isShadowCatcher = mat.materialType == SHADOW_CATCHER;\n  if (isShadowCatcher) {\n    if (path.fromEye) {\n      si.hit = false;\n      outAux.isShadowCatcher = true;\n    }\n    else {\n      // The catcher belongs only to the shadow-mask pass. Keep its default\n      // white material out of glossy and transmission reflections.\n#ifdef USE_ENVMAP\n      if (path.isNextRefraction) {\n        // The invisible catcher can sit between a transmitted camera ray and\n        // the grounded skybox. Use the displayed background here instead of\n        // terminating early with the raw lighting environment.\n        vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n        bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n        float backgroundMisWeight = path.scatteringIsDelta ? 1.0\n          : sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf,\n              envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d)) * envLightSelectionPmf);\n        path.li += backgroundMisWeight * path.beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n        path.alpha = max(path.alpha, bg.a);\n      }\n      else {\n        vec2 envUv = cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d);\n        vec3 emission = textureLinear(envMap, envUv).rgb;\n        emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, pathWavelength);\n        path.li += path.beta * emission *\n          sampling_power_heuristic(\n            path.scatteringPdf,\n            envMapPdf(envUv) * envLightSelectionPmf\n          );\n      }\n#else\n      vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n      bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n      path.li += path.beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n#endif\n      path.abort = true;\n      return;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (!si.hit) {\n    // Sample from background if first ray not hit anything.\n    vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n    // Dispersion renders one additive pass per RGB wavelength. Background\n    // radiance has to be split in the same way as lights and emissive\n    // surfaces, otherwise the full skybox is accumulated three times.\n    bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n    if (path.fromEye) {\n      path.li = bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      path.alpha = bg.a;\n      // Only treat as blank pixels when the background is transparent\n      outAux.isBlank = bg.a < 0.01;\n    }\n    else {\n      Ray cam = initCameraRay(v_Texcoord + pixelJitter());\n      bool towardsCam = dot(cam.d, path.ray.d) > 0.0;\n      if (transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n        if (towardsCam) {\n          path.alpha = max(path.alpha, bg.a);\n        } else {\n          path.alpha = 1.0;\n        }\n      }\n#if !defined(USE_ENVMAP)\n      // TODO treat background as a light source\n      if (towardsCam) {\n        path.li = path.beta * sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf, 1.0) * bg.rgb;\n      }\n#endif\n    }\n    path.abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n\n  bool sampleIgnored = false;\n  if ((mat.materialType == STANDARD || mat.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n    if (transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n      // TODO increase the alpha when there are more bounces.\n      float alpha = max(1.0 - mat.transmissionWeight, 1.0 - pow(1.0 - transmissiveOutputAlphaMin, float(depth)));\n      path.alpha = max(alpha, path.alpha);\n    }\n    float alpha = mat.alpha;\n    if (alpha < 1.0) {\n      // Alpha is sampled as stochastic coverage. An accepted surface branch\n      // must use full radiance weight; multiplying by alpha again is biased.\n      path.alpha = max(path.alpha, alpha);\n      if (hashedSample(3u) > alpha) {\n        sampleIgnored = true;\n      }\n    }\n    if (!sampleIgnored) {\n      SampleMaterial(si, mat, path);\n    }\n    else {\n      path.ray.o = si.position + path.ray.d * EPS;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (!si.albedoSampled && !sampleIgnored) {\n    // Select denoising guides.\n    if ((mat.materialType == STANDARD || mat.materialType == UNLIT) &&\n      !(mat.transmissionWeight > 0.5 ||\n        (mat.specularRoughness <= 0.02 && mat.baseMetalness > 0.98))) {\n      // Alpha-blended decals can be skipped stochastically. In that case keep\n      // looking for the first useful rough-surface guide behind the decal,\n      // even though it is reached after depth zero.\n      outAux.albedo = mat.baseColor;\n      outAux.normal = dot(si.normal, si.position - vec3(viewInv[3])) > 0.0\n        ? -si.normal\n        : si.normal;\n      si.albedoSampled = true;\n    }\n    if (depth > 4) {\n      si.albedoSampled = true;\n    }\n  }\n\n\n  // Russian Roulette sampling\n#ifdef USE_RR\n  if (depth >= RR_MAX && !sampleIgnored) {\n    // Max-component survival (pbrt-v4) avoids over-amplifying saturated paths.\n    float maxComponent = max(max(path.beta.x, path.beta.y), path.beta.z);\n    float q = max(0.0, 1.0 - maxComponent);\n    if (sample1D(bounceDim(RUSSIAN_ROULETTE)) < q) {\n      // TODO we force use alpha 1.0 here.\n      // To avoid the glass pixels is transparent even if it's on an opaque object.\n      path.alpha = 1.0;\n      path.abort = true;\n    }\n    else {\n      path.beta /= 1.0 - q;\n    }\n  }\n#endif\n\n  if (path.abort) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Next ray hit\n  intersectScene(path.ray, si, true);\n  getMaterial(mat, si.materialIndex, si.uv, si.uv1, si.instanceIndex);\n  si.isTransparency = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 || mat.subsurfaceWeight > 0.001 || mat.alpha < 0.999;\n\n  // Dynamic preview only becomes spectral when the primary visible surface\n  // actually disperses transmitted light. Direct background and ordinary\n  // opaque materials stay full RGB and therefore remain noise-free.\n  if (dispersionWavelengths == 1 && si.hit && mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 && mat.transmissionDispersionScale > 0.001) {\n    pathWavelength = heroWavelength;\n  }\n  if (mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 && pathWavelength > 0.0) {\n    mat.specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n      pathWavelength,\n      mat.specularIor,\n      mat.transmissionDispersionScale,\n      mat.dispersionAbbeNumber\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (sampleIgnored) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  bool isAlphaOccluded = hashedSample(3u) < mat.alpha;\n#ifdef NUM_LIGHTS\n  // Use light if hit the light\n  LightSampleRec lightSample;\n  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LIGHTS; i++) {\n    // Fetch light Data\n    Light light = fetchLight(i);\n    float d = intersectLight(path.ray, light, lightSample);\n    bool occluded = si.hit && d > distance(si.position, path.ray.o);\n    if (d != INF && !(occluded && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n      lightSample.pdf *= light.selectionPmf;\n      float misWeight = sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf, lightSample.pdf);\n      lightSample.emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(lightSample.emission, pathWavelength);\n      path.li += misWeight * path.beta * lightSample.emission;\n      // TODO set alpha to 1.0 will cause some sharp edges\n      path.alpha = 1.0;\n      path.abort = true;\n    }\n  }\n#endif\n\n#ifdef USE_ENVMAP\n  if (!(si.hit && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n    if (path.isNextRefraction) {\n      // Camera-visible transmission must use the displayed background. The\n      // raw environment remains the lighting source for non-transmission rays.\n      vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n      bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n      float backgroundMisWeight = path.scatteringIsDelta ? 1.0\n          : sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf,\n              envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d)) * envLightSelectionPmf);\n        path.li += backgroundMisWeight * path.beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      path.alpha = max(path.alpha, bg.a);\n      path.abort = true;\n      return;\n    }\n    vec2 uv = cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d);\n    vec3 emission = textureLinear(envMap, uv).rgb;\n    float misWeight = sampling_power_heuristic(\n      path.scatteringPdf,\n      envMapPdf(uv) * envLightSelectionPmf\n    );\n    emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, pathWavelength);\n    path.li += path.beta * emission * misWeight;\n\n  // TODO force the min alpha to be 1 when showing envmap as background\n  #if !defined(USE_BACKGROUND)\n    path.alpha = 1.0;\n  #endif\n    path.abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n#endif\n\n  depth++;\n}\n\n\nvec2 bevelCubicSample(float radius, float xi) {\n  float x = 0.25;\n  for (int iteration = 0; iteration < 10; iteration++) {\n    float x2 = x * x;\n    float x3 = x2 * x;\n    float oneMinusX = 1.0 - x;\n    float value = 10.0 * x2 - 20.0 * x3 + 15.0 * x2 * x2 -\n      4.0 * x2 * x3 - xi;\n    float derivative = 20.0 * x * oneMinusX * oneMinusX * oneMinusX;\n    if (abs(value) < 1e-6 || derivative == 0.0) break;\n    x = clamp(x - value / derivative, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n  float diskRadius = x * radius;\n  return vec2(\n    diskRadius,\n    sqrt(max(radius * radius - diskRadius * diskRadius, 0.0))\n  );\n}\n\nfloat bevelCubicPdf(float radius, float distanceToSource) {\n  if (distanceToSource >= radius) return 0.0;\n  float falloff = radius - distanceToSource;\n  return falloff * falloff * falloff;\n}\n\n// Shader bevel. Usage: docs/materials.md (Renderer extensions)\nvec3 getBevelNormal(SurfaceInteraction source, float radius) {\n  vec3 geometricNormal = source.faceNormal;\n  if (dot(geometricNormal, source.vertexNormal) < 0.0) geometricNormal = -geometricNormal;\n  vec3 tangent;\n  vec3 bitangent;\n  sampling_orthonormal_basis(geometricNormal, tangent, bitangent);\n  vec3 normalSum = vec3(0.0);\n\n  for (int sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < BEVEL_SAMPLES; sampleIndex++) {\n    vec2 bevelRnd = sample2D(CAMERA_BEVEL_BASE + uint(sampleIndex));\n    float axisSample = bevelRnd.x;\n    float radialSample = bevelRnd.y;\n    vec3 diskNormal = geometricNormal;\n    vec3 diskTangent = tangent;\n    vec3 diskBitangent = bitangent;\n    float pickPdfNormal = 0.5;\n    float pickPdfTangent = 0.25;\n    float pickPdfBitangent = 0.25;\n    if (axisSample < 0.5) {\n      axisSample *= 2.0;\n    }\n    else if (axisSample < 0.75) {\n      vec3 swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskTangent;\n      diskTangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfTangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.5) * 4.0;\n    }\n    else {\n      vec3 swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskBitangent;\n      diskBitangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfBitangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.75) * 4.0;\n    }\n\n    vec2 diskSample = bevelCubicSample(radius, radialSample);\n    float phi = TWOPI * axisSample;\n    vec3 diskOffset = diskSample.x *\n      (cos(phi) * diskTangent + sin(phi) * diskBitangent);\n    Ray ray;\n    initRay(\n      ray,\n      source.position + diskNormal * diskSample.y + diskOffset,\n      -diskNormal\n    );\n    SurfaceInteraction hit;\n    intersectSceneBevel(\n      ray,\n      hit,\n      source.instanceIndex,\n      max(2.0 * diskSample.y, EPS)\n    );\n    if (!hit.hit) continue;\n\n    float pdfNormal = pickPdfNormal * abs(dot(diskNormal, hit.faceNormal));\n    float pdfTangent = pickPdfTangent * abs(dot(diskTangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    float pdfBitangent = pickPdfBitangent * abs(dot(diskBitangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    float weight = pdfNormal / max(\n      pdfNormal * pdfNormal + pdfTangent * pdfTangent +\n        pdfBitangent * pdfBitangent,\n      1e-8\n    );\n    weight *= bevelCubicPdf(radius, distance(hit.position, source.position)) /\n      max(bevelCubicPdf(radius, diskSample.x), 1e-8);\n    normalSum += weight * hit.vertexNormal;\n  }\n\n  if (dot(normalSum, normalSum) <= 1e-12) return source.normal;\n  vec3 bevelVertexNormal = normalize(normalSum);\n  vec3 result = source.normal + bevelVertexNormal - source.vertexNormal;\n  return dot(result, result) > 1e-12 ? normalize(result) : source.normal;\n}\n\nvec4 integrateOnePathSample(SurfaceInteraction si, Ray ray, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat, inout RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n  Path path;\n  path.ray = ray;\n  path.li = vec3(0);\n  path.alpha = transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0;\n  path.beta = vec3(1.0);\n  path.fromEye = true;\n  path.scatteringPdf = 0.0;\n  path.scatteringIsDelta = false;\n  path.isNextRefraction = false;\n  path.abort = false;\n  int depth = 0;\n${intelMac ? bounceCodeOnIntelMac : bounceCodeOnOther}\n  return vec4(path.li, path.alpha);\n}\n\nvec4 integrateOnePath(SurfaceInteraction si, Ray ray, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat, inout RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n  float coverage = clamp(mat.alpha, 0.0, 1.0);\n  if (!si.hit || (mat.materialType != STANDARD && mat.materialType != UNLIT) || coverage >= 1.0) {\n    return integrateOnePathSample(si, ray, mat, outAux);\n  }\n\n  // glTF BLEND is source-over opacity, not a physical glass boundary. Split\n  // the primary ray so reflected radiance is attenuated by alpha every sample\n  // while the complementary branch continues straight to the scene behind it.\n  // Secondary alpha hits remain stochastic to avoid exponential path growth.\n  Ray backRay = ray;\n  backRay.o = si.position + ray.d * (EPS * 0.02);\n  SurfaceInteraction backSi = si;\n  backSi.albedoSampled = false;\n  intersectScene(backRay, backSi, false);\n  OpenPbrResolvedMaterial backMat;\n  getMaterial(backMat, backSi.materialIndex, backSi.uv, backSi.uv1, backSi.instanceIndex);\n  RayTraceAuxiliary backAux = outAux;\n  if (backSi.hit && (backMat.materialType == STANDARD || backMat.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n    backAux.albedo = backMat.transmissionWeight > 0.5\n      ? vec3(1.0)\n      : backMat.baseColor;\n    backAux.normal = dot(\n      backSi.normal,\n      backSi.position - vec3(viewInv[3])\n    ) > 0.0\n      ? -backSi.normal\n      : backSi.normal;\n    backSi.albedoSampled = backMat.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n  }\n  vec4 back = integrateOnePathSample(backSi, backRay, backMat, backAux);\n  if (coverage <= 0.0) {\n    outAux = backAux;\n    return back;\n  }\n\n  SurfaceInteraction frontSi = si;\n  OpenPbrResolvedMaterial frontMat = mat;\n  frontMat.alpha = 1.0;\n  RayTraceAuxiliary frontAux = outAux;\n  vec4 front = integrateOnePathSample(frontSi, ray, frontMat, frontAux);\n  outAux.albedo = mix(backAux.albedo, frontAux.albedo, coverage);\n  vec3 blendedNormal = mix(backAux.normal, frontAux.normal, coverage);\n  outAux.normal = dot(blendedNormal, blendedNormal) > 1e-12\n    ? normalize(blendedNormal)\n    : vec3(0.0);\n  outAux.isBlank = backAux.isBlank && frontAux.isBlank;\n  return mix(back, front, coverage);\n}\n\n// Path tracing integrator as described in\n// http://www.pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Light_Transport_I_Surface_Reflection/Path_Tracing.html#\nvec4 integrator(Ray ray, out RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n\n  SurfaceInteraction si;\n  OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat;\n\n  si.albedoSampled = false;\n#ifdef HAS_MEDIUM\n  si.mediumType = 0;\n  si.mediumExtinction = vec3(0.0);\n  si.mediumScattering = vec3(0.0);\n  si.mediumAnisotropy = 0.0;\n#endif\n\n  intersectScene(ray, si, false);\n  getMaterial(mat, si.materialIndex, si.uv, si.uv1, si.instanceIndex);\n  si.isTransparency = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 || mat.subsurfaceWeight > 0.001 || mat.alpha < 0.999;\n\n#ifdef HAS_BEVEL\n  if (bevelEnabled && mat.bevel > 0.0) {\n    si.normal = getBevelNormal(si, mat.bevel);\n  }\n#endif\n\n  // Keep a clean first-hit fallback for denoising. Glass retains this stable\n  // guide; other delta paths may replace it at their first non-delta hit.\n  if (si.hit && (mat.materialType == STANDARD || mat.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n    outAux.albedo = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.5 ? vec3(1.0) : mat.baseColor;\n    outAux.normal = dot(si.normal, si.position - vec3(viewInv[3])) > 0.0\n      ? -si.normal\n      : si.normal;\n    // A refracted/reflected continuation is stochastic and therefore not a\n    // clean OIDN feature. Keep the stable primary glass guide instead.\n    si.albedoSampled = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n  }\n\n  if (mat.transmissionDispersionScale > 0.001) {\n    mat.specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n      pathWavelength,\n      mat.specularIor,\n      mat.transmissionDispersionScale,\n      mat.dispersionAbbeNumber\n    );\n  }\n  return integrateOnePath(si, ray, mat, outAux);\n}\n\nvoid main() {\n\n  initRandom();\n  rng_initialize(v_Texcoord * viewportSize, int(uint(sampleCount) ^ sampleHash(uint(sequenceSeed))));\n\n\n  pathWavelength = dispersionWavelengths == 1 ? 0.0 : wavelength;\n  heroWavelength = wavelength;\n  if (dispersionWavelengths == 1 && wavelength > 0.0) {\n    float channel = floor(sample1D(CAMERA_WAVELENGTH) * 3.0);\n    heroWavelength = channel < 1.0 ? 650.0 : channel < 2.0 ? 510.0 : 475.0;\n  }\n\n  // Thin lens model with depth-of-field\n  // http://www.pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Camera_Models/Projective_Camera_Models.html#TheThinLensModelandDepthofField\n  Ray cam = primaryCameraRay();\n\n  RayTraceAuxiliary outAux;\n  outAux.albedo = vec3(0.0);\n  outAux.normal = vec3(0.0);\n  outAux.isBlank = false;\n  outAux.isShadowCatcher = false;\n\n  vec4 liAndAlpha = integrator(cam, outAux);\n\n  // Clamp at Integration Level to reduce fireflies.\n  // TODO Path level configuration?\n#ifdef CLAMPING\n  float clamping = float(CLAMPING);\n  liAndAlpha.rgb = clamp(liAndAlpha.rgb, -clamping, clamping);\n#endif\n\n  // Each sample will be accumulated three times.\n  if (pathWavelength > 0.0) {\n    // RGB will be normalized using accumated hit in out_albedo.a\n    liAndAlpha.rgb *= 3.0;\n    if (dispersionWavelengths != 1) {\n      // Full spectral samples use three additive passes. Preview only submits\n      // one hero wavelength, so its alpha must not be divided.\n      liAndAlpha.a /= 3.0;\n    }\n  }\n  if (!(liAndAlpha.x < INF && liAndAlpha.x > -EPS)) {\n    liAndAlpha = vec4(0, 0, 0, 1);\n  }\n\n  out_color = liAndAlpha;\n  out_albedo = vec4(outAux.albedo, outAux.isBlank ? 0.0 : 1.0);\n  out_normal = vec4(outAux.normal, 1.0);\n  // Moments and count of the built-in denoiser's guide value. The catcher\n  // pass accumulates its own samples (see shadowCatcher.frag).\n  float guideValue = dot(liAndAlpha.rgb, vec3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));\n  out_moments = outAux.isShadowCatcher\n    ? vec4(0.0)\n    : vec4(guideValue, guideValue * guideValue, 1.0, 0.0);\n\n}`\n  });\n}\n"]}
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see LICENSES/RayTracingRenderer-MIT.txt.\n\nimport commonGlsl from './chunks/common.glsl.js';\nimport rayTraceCore from './chunks/rayTraceCore.glsl.js';\nimport textureLinear from './chunks/textureLinear.glsl.js';\nimport materialBufferGlsl from './chunks/materialBuffer.glsl.js';\nimport intersect from './chunks/intersect.glsl.js';\nimport randGlsl from './chunks/rand.glsl.js';\nimport random from './chunks/random.glsl.js';\nimport envMap from './chunks/envMap.glsl.js';\nimport sampleMaterialGlsl from './chunks/sampleMaterial.glsl.js';\nimport sampleLightGlsl from './chunks/sampleLight.glsl.js';\nimport { FragmentShader, glsl, Shader } from '../shader.js';\nimport openPbrBsdfGlsl from './chunks/openPbrBsdf.glsl.js';\nimport samplingGlsl from './chunks/sampling.glsl.js';\nimport { isIntelMac } from '../util.js';\nimport uvProjectionGlsl from './chunks/uvProjection.glsl.js';\n\nconst doubleTransmissionCheckCode = glsl`\n#if defined(HAS_TRANSMISSION) || defined(HAS_ALPHA)\n  if (!si.isTransparency && BOUNCES < 16 && depth * 2 > BOUNCES) {\n    path.abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n#endif\n`;\n\n// bounce fix on intel mac\n// The intel mac only have one bounce if the loop is not unrolled\n// But windows will have extremely slow shader compilation if the loop is unrolled\n// So here the code are injected separately.\nconst bounceCodeOnIntelMac = glsl`\n// Mark loop can be unrolled\nfor(int _idx_ = 0; _idx_ < BOUNCES; _idx_++) {{\n  if (path.abort) {\n    return vec4(path.li, path.alpha);\n  }\n  bounce(path, depth, si, mat, outAux);\n}}\n`;\nconst bounceCodeOnOther = glsl`\nbool isOpaque = !si.isTransparency;\nint activeBounceLimit = min(BOUNCES, bounceLimit);\nfor(int idx = 0; idx < min(BOUNCES * 3, ${MAX_PATH_EVENTS}); idx++) {\n  if (isOpaque && idx > activeBounceLimit) {\n    path.abort = true;\n  }\n  if (path.abort) {\n    return vec4(path.li, path.alpha);\n  }\n  bounce(path, depth, si, mat, outAux);\n}\n`;\n\nexport default function createRayTraceFragmentShader() {\n  const intelMac = isIntelMac();\n  return new FragmentShader({\n  name: 'rayTraceFrag',\n  outputs: ['color', 'albedo', 'normal', 'moments'],\n  defines: {\n    BOUNCES: 2\n  },\n  uniforms: {\n    cameraApertureRadius: Shader.uniform('float', 0),\n    cameraFocusDistance: Shader.uniform('float', 10),\n\n    viewProjectionInv: Shader.uniform('mat4'),\n    viewInv: Shader.uniform('mat4'),\n    transmissiveOutputAlphaMin: Shader.uniform('float'),\n    openPbrEnergyLut: Shader.uniform('sampler2D'),\n\n    viewportSize: Shader.uniform('vec2'),\n\n    wavelength: Shader.uniform('float', 0),\n    bevelEnabled: Shader.uniform('bool', true),\n    dispersionWavelengths: Shader.uniform('int', 3),\n    bounceLimit: Shader.uniform('int', 8)\n  },\n  includes: [rayTraceCore, materialBufferGlsl, intersect, random, envMap],\n  main: glsl`\n${commonGlsl}\n\n${randGlsl}\n${random.main}\n\n${textureLinear}\n\n${rayTraceCore.main}\n\n${uvProjectionGlsl}\n\n${materialBufferGlsl.main}\n${intersect.main}\n${envMap.main}\n\n${samplingGlsl}\n${openPbrBsdfGlsl}\n\nfloat heroWavelength;\nfloat pathWavelength;\n\n${sampleLightGlsl}\n${sampleMaterialGlsl}\n\n${cameraRayGlsl}\nstruct RayTraceAuxiliary {\n  // Denoising guides and auxiliary pixel classification.\n  vec3 albedo;\n  vec3 normal;\n  bool isBlank;\n  // The primary ray hit a shadow catcher, whose sample the catcher pass owns.\n  bool isShadowCatcher;\n};\n\nvoid bounce(inout Path path, inout int depth, inout SurfaceInteraction si, inout OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat, inout RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n  samplingBounce = uint(max(depth, 0));\n  // The bounce will be doubled on the transmission material.\n  // For other materials. We will quite early\n  // TODO It is only used on Mac with AMD card. If I enabled it on windows.\n  // It will cause shader compilation too slow.\n${intelMac ? doubleTransmissionCheckCode : ''}\n\n  bool isShadowCatcher = mat.materialType == SHADOW_CATCHER;\n  if (isShadowCatcher) {\n    if (path.fromEye) {\n      // Match the composed shadow with neutral receiver guides, while keeping\n      // background coverage and radiance independent of the invisible ground.\n      outAux.albedo = vec3(1.0);\n      outAux.normal = dot(si.normal, path.ray.d) > 0.0 ? -si.normal : si.normal;\n      si.hit = false;\n      outAux.isShadowCatcher = true;\n    }\n    else {\n      // The catcher belongs only to the shadow-mask pass. Keep its default\n      // white material out of glossy and transmission reflections.\n#ifdef USE_ENVMAP\n      if (path.isNextRefraction) {\n        // The invisible catcher can sit between a transmitted camera ray and\n        // the grounded skybox. Use the displayed background here instead of\n        // terminating early with the raw lighting environment.\n        vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n        bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n        float backgroundMisWeight = path.scatteringIsDelta ? 1.0\n          : sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf,\n              envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d)) * envLightSelectionPmf);\n        path.li += backgroundMisWeight * path.beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n        path.alpha = max(path.alpha, bg.a);\n      }\n      else {\n        vec2 envUv = cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d);\n        vec3 emission = textureLinear(envMap, envUv).rgb;\n        emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, pathWavelength);\n        path.li += path.beta * emission *\n          sampling_power_heuristic(\n            path.scatteringPdf,\n            envMapPdf(envUv) * envLightSelectionPmf\n          );\n      }\n#else\n      vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n      bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n      path.li += path.beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n#endif\n      path.abort = true;\n      return;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (!si.hit) {\n    // Sample from background if first ray not hit anything.\n    vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n    // Dispersion renders one additive pass per RGB wavelength. Background\n    // radiance has to be split in the same way as lights and emissive\n    // surfaces, otherwise the full skybox is accumulated three times.\n    bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n    if (path.fromEye) {\n      path.li = bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      path.alpha = bg.a;\n      // Only treat as blank pixels when the background is transparent\n      outAux.isBlank = bg.a < 0.01;\n    }\n    else {\n      Ray cam = initCameraRay(v_Texcoord + pixelJitter());\n      bool towardsCam = dot(cam.d, path.ray.d) > 0.0;\n      if (transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n        if (towardsCam) {\n          path.alpha = max(path.alpha, bg.a);\n        } else {\n          path.alpha = 1.0;\n        }\n      }\n#if !defined(USE_ENVMAP)\n      // TODO treat background as a light source\n      if (towardsCam) {\n        path.li = path.beta * sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf, 1.0) * bg.rgb;\n      }\n#endif\n    }\n    path.abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n\n  bool sampleIgnored = false;\n  if ((mat.materialType == STANDARD || mat.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n    if (transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n      // TODO increase the alpha when there are more bounces.\n      float alpha = max(1.0 - mat.transmissionWeight, 1.0 - pow(1.0 - transmissiveOutputAlphaMin, float(depth)));\n      path.alpha = max(alpha, path.alpha);\n    }\n    float alpha = mat.alpha;\n    if (alpha < 1.0) {\n      // Alpha is sampled as stochastic coverage. An accepted surface branch\n      // must use full radiance weight; multiplying by alpha again is biased.\n      path.alpha = max(path.alpha, alpha);\n      if (hashedSample(3u) > alpha) {\n        sampleIgnored = true;\n      }\n    }\n    if (!sampleIgnored) {\n      SampleMaterial(si, mat, path);\n    }\n    else {\n      path.ray.o = si.position + path.ray.d * EPS;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (!si.albedoSampled && !sampleIgnored) {\n    // Select denoising guides.\n    if ((mat.materialType == STANDARD || mat.materialType == UNLIT) &&\n      !(mat.transmissionWeight > 0.5 ||\n        (mat.specularRoughness <= 0.02 && mat.baseMetalness > 0.98))) {\n      // Alpha-blended decals can be skipped stochastically. In that case keep\n      // looking for the first useful rough-surface guide behind the decal,\n      // even though it is reached after depth zero.\n      outAux.albedo = mat.baseColor;\n      outAux.normal = dot(si.normal, si.position - vec3(viewInv[3])) > 0.0\n        ? -si.normal\n        : si.normal;\n      si.albedoSampled = true;\n    }\n    if (depth > 4) {\n      si.albedoSampled = true;\n    }\n  }\n\n\n  // Russian Roulette sampling\n#ifdef USE_RR\n  if (depth >= RR_MAX && !sampleIgnored) {\n    // Max-component survival (pbrt-v4) avoids over-amplifying saturated paths.\n    float maxComponent = max(max(path.beta.x, path.beta.y), path.beta.z);\n    float q = max(0.0, 1.0 - maxComponent);\n    if (sample1D(bounceDim(RUSSIAN_ROULETTE)) < q) {\n      // TODO we force use alpha 1.0 here.\n      // To avoid the glass pixels is transparent even if it's on an opaque object.\n      path.alpha = 1.0;\n      path.abort = true;\n    }\n    else {\n      path.beta /= 1.0 - q;\n    }\n  }\n#endif\n\n  if (path.abort) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Next ray hit\n  intersectScene(path.ray, si, true);\n  getMaterial(mat, si.materialIndex, si.uv, si.uv1, si.instanceIndex);\n  si.isTransparency = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 || mat.subsurfaceWeight > 0.001 || mat.alpha < 0.999;\n\n  // Dynamic preview only becomes spectral when the primary visible surface\n  // actually disperses transmitted light. Direct background and ordinary\n  // opaque materials stay full RGB and therefore remain noise-free.\n  if (dispersionWavelengths == 1 && si.hit && mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 && mat.transmissionDispersionScale > 0.001) {\n    pathWavelength = heroWavelength;\n  }\n  if (mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 && pathWavelength > 0.0) {\n    mat.specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n      pathWavelength,\n      mat.specularIor,\n      mat.transmissionDispersionScale,\n      mat.dispersionAbbeNumber\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (sampleIgnored) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  bool isAlphaOccluded = hashedSample(3u) < mat.alpha;\n#ifdef NUM_LIGHTS\n  // Use light if hit the light\n  LightSampleRec lightSample;\n  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LIGHTS; i++) {\n    // Fetch light Data\n    Light light = fetchLight(i);\n    float d = intersectLight(path.ray, light, lightSample);\n    bool occluded = si.hit && d > distance(si.position, path.ray.o);\n    if (d != INF && !(occluded && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n      lightSample.pdf *= light.selectionPmf;\n      float misWeight = sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf, lightSample.pdf);\n      lightSample.emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(lightSample.emission, pathWavelength);\n      path.li += misWeight * path.beta * lightSample.emission;\n      // TODO set alpha to 1.0 will cause some sharp edges\n      path.alpha = 1.0;\n      path.abort = true;\n    }\n  }\n#endif\n\n#ifdef USE_ENVMAP\n  if (!(si.hit && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n    if (path.isNextRefraction) {\n      // Camera-visible transmission must use the displayed background. The\n      // raw environment remains the lighting source for non-transmission rays.\n      vec4 bg = sampleBackgroundFromRay(path.ray.o, path.ray.d);\n      bg.rgb = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, pathWavelength);\n      float backgroundMisWeight = path.scatteringIsDelta ? 1.0\n          : sampling_power_heuristic(path.scatteringPdf,\n              envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d)) * envLightSelectionPmf);\n        path.li += backgroundMisWeight * path.beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      path.alpha = max(path.alpha, bg.a);\n      path.abort = true;\n      return;\n    }\n    vec2 uv = cartesianToEquirect(path.ray.d);\n    vec3 emission = textureLinear(envMap, uv).rgb;\n    float misWeight = sampling_power_heuristic(\n      path.scatteringPdf,\n      envMapPdf(uv) * envLightSelectionPmf\n    );\n    emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, pathWavelength);\n    path.li += path.beta * emission * misWeight;\n\n  // TODO force the min alpha to be 1 when showing envmap as background\n  #if !defined(USE_BACKGROUND)\n    path.alpha = 1.0;\n  #endif\n    path.abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n#endif\n\n  depth++;\n}\n\n\nvec2 bevelCubicSample(float radius, float xi) {\n  float x = 0.25;\n  for (int iteration = 0; iteration < 10; iteration++) {\n    float x2 = x * x;\n    float x3 = x2 * x;\n    float oneMinusX = 1.0 - x;\n    float value = 10.0 * x2 - 20.0 * x3 + 15.0 * x2 * x2 -\n      4.0 * x2 * x3 - xi;\n    float derivative = 20.0 * x * oneMinusX * oneMinusX * oneMinusX;\n    if (abs(value) < 1e-6 || derivative == 0.0) break;\n    x = clamp(x - value / derivative, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n  float diskRadius = x * radius;\n  return vec2(\n    diskRadius,\n    sqrt(max(radius * radius - diskRadius * diskRadius, 0.0))\n  );\n}\n\nfloat bevelCubicPdf(float radius, float distanceToSource) {\n  if (distanceToSource >= radius) return 0.0;\n  float falloff = radius - distanceToSource;\n  return falloff * falloff * falloff;\n}\n\n// Shader bevel. Usage: docs/materials.md (Renderer extensions)\nvec3 getBevelNormal(SurfaceInteraction source, float radius) {\n  vec3 geometricNormal = source.faceNormal;\n  if (dot(geometricNormal, source.vertexNormal) < 0.0) geometricNormal = -geometricNormal;\n  vec3 tangent;\n  vec3 bitangent;\n  sampling_orthonormal_basis(geometricNormal, tangent, bitangent);\n  vec3 normalSum = vec3(0.0);\n\n  for (int sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < BEVEL_SAMPLES; sampleIndex++) {\n    vec2 bevelRnd = sample2D(CAMERA_BEVEL_BASE + uint(sampleIndex));\n    float axisSample = bevelRnd.x;\n    float radialSample = bevelRnd.y;\n    vec3 diskNormal = geometricNormal;\n    vec3 diskTangent = tangent;\n    vec3 diskBitangent = bitangent;\n    float pickPdfNormal = 0.5;\n    float pickPdfTangent = 0.25;\n    float pickPdfBitangent = 0.25;\n    if (axisSample < 0.5) {\n      axisSample *= 2.0;\n    }\n    else if (axisSample < 0.75) {\n      vec3 swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskTangent;\n      diskTangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfTangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.5) * 4.0;\n    }\n    else {\n      vec3 swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskBitangent;\n      diskBitangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfBitangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.75) * 4.0;\n    }\n\n    vec2 diskSample = bevelCubicSample(radius, radialSample);\n    float phi = TWOPI * axisSample;\n    vec3 diskOffset = diskSample.x *\n      (cos(phi) * diskTangent + sin(phi) * diskBitangent);\n    Ray ray;\n    initRay(\n      ray,\n      source.position + diskNormal * diskSample.y + diskOffset,\n      -diskNormal\n    );\n    SurfaceInteraction hit;\n    intersectSceneBevel(\n      ray,\n      hit,\n      source.instanceIndex,\n      max(2.0 * diskSample.y, EPS)\n    );\n    if (!hit.hit) continue;\n\n    float pdfNormal = pickPdfNormal * abs(dot(diskNormal, hit.faceNormal));\n    float pdfTangent = pickPdfTangent * abs(dot(diskTangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    float pdfBitangent = pickPdfBitangent * abs(dot(diskBitangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    float weight = pdfNormal / max(\n      pdfNormal * pdfNormal + pdfTangent * pdfTangent +\n        pdfBitangent * pdfBitangent,\n      1e-8\n    );\n    weight *= bevelCubicPdf(radius, distance(hit.position, source.position)) /\n      max(bevelCubicPdf(radius, diskSample.x), 1e-8);\n    normalSum += weight * hit.vertexNormal;\n  }\n\n  if (dot(normalSum, normalSum) <= 1e-12) return source.normal;\n  vec3 bevelVertexNormal = normalize(normalSum);\n  vec3 result = source.normal + bevelVertexNormal - source.vertexNormal;\n  return dot(result, result) > 1e-12 ? normalize(result) : source.normal;\n}\n\nvec4 integrateOnePathSample(SurfaceInteraction si, Ray ray, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat, inout RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n  Path path;\n  path.ray = ray;\n  path.li = vec3(0);\n  path.alpha = transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0;\n  path.beta = vec3(1.0);\n  path.fromEye = true;\n  path.scatteringPdf = 0.0;\n  path.scatteringIsDelta = false;\n  path.isNextRefraction = false;\n  path.abort = false;\n  int depth = 0;\n${intelMac ? bounceCodeOnIntelMac : bounceCodeOnOther}\n  return vec4(path.li, path.alpha);\n}\n\nvec4 integrateOnePath(SurfaceInteraction si, Ray ray, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat, inout RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n  float coverage = clamp(mat.alpha, 0.0, 1.0);\n  if (!si.hit || (mat.materialType != STANDARD && mat.materialType != UNLIT) || coverage >= 1.0) {\n    return integrateOnePathSample(si, ray, mat, outAux);\n  }\n\n  // glTF BLEND is source-over opacity, not a physical glass boundary. Split\n  // the primary ray so reflected radiance is attenuated by alpha every sample\n  // while the complementary branch continues straight to the scene behind it.\n  // Secondary alpha hits remain stochastic to avoid exponential path growth.\n  Ray backRay = ray;\n  backRay.o = si.position + ray.d * (EPS * 0.02);\n  SurfaceInteraction backSi = si;\n  backSi.albedoSampled = false;\n  intersectScene(backRay, backSi, false);\n  OpenPbrResolvedMaterial backMat;\n  getMaterial(backMat, backSi.materialIndex, backSi.uv, backSi.uv1, backSi.instanceIndex);\n  RayTraceAuxiliary backAux = outAux;\n  if (backSi.hit && (backMat.materialType == STANDARD || backMat.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n    backAux.albedo = backMat.transmissionWeight > 0.5\n      ? vec3(1.0)\n      : backMat.baseColor;\n    backAux.normal = dot(\n      backSi.normal,\n      backSi.position - vec3(viewInv[3])\n    ) > 0.0\n      ? -backSi.normal\n      : backSi.normal;\n    backSi.albedoSampled = backMat.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n  }\n  vec4 back = integrateOnePathSample(backSi, backRay, backMat, backAux);\n  if (coverage <= 0.0) {\n    outAux = backAux;\n    return back;\n  }\n\n  SurfaceInteraction frontSi = si;\n  OpenPbrResolvedMaterial frontMat = mat;\n  frontMat.alpha = 1.0;\n  RayTraceAuxiliary frontAux = outAux;\n  vec4 front = integrateOnePathSample(frontSi, ray, frontMat, frontAux);\n  outAux.albedo = mix(backAux.albedo, frontAux.albedo, coverage);\n  vec3 blendedNormal = mix(backAux.normal, frontAux.normal, coverage);\n  outAux.normal = dot(blendedNormal, blendedNormal) > 1e-12\n    ? normalize(blendedNormal)\n    : vec3(0.0);\n  outAux.isBlank = backAux.isBlank && frontAux.isBlank;\n  return mix(back, front, coverage);\n}\n\n// Path tracing integrator as described in\n// http://www.pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Light_Transport_I_Surface_Reflection/Path_Tracing.html#\nvec4 integrator(Ray ray, out RayTraceAuxiliary outAux) {\n\n  SurfaceInteraction si;\n  OpenPbrResolvedMaterial mat;\n\n  si.albedoSampled = false;\n#ifdef HAS_MEDIUM\n  si.mediumType = 0;\n  si.mediumExtinction = vec3(0.0);\n  si.mediumScattering = vec3(0.0);\n  si.mediumAnisotropy = 0.0;\n#endif\n\n  intersectScene(ray, si, false);\n  getMaterial(mat, si.materialIndex, si.uv, si.uv1, si.instanceIndex);\n  si.isTransparency = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.001 || mat.subsurfaceWeight > 0.001 || mat.alpha < 0.999;\n\n#ifdef HAS_BEVEL\n  if (bevelEnabled && mat.bevel > 0.0) {\n    si.normal = getBevelNormal(si, mat.bevel);\n  }\n#endif\n\n  // Keep a clean first-hit fallback for denoising. Glass retains this stable\n  // guide; other delta paths may replace it at their first non-delta hit.\n  if (si.hit && (mat.materialType == STANDARD || mat.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n    outAux.albedo = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.5 ? vec3(1.0) : mat.baseColor;\n    outAux.normal = dot(si.normal, si.position - vec3(viewInv[3])) > 0.0\n      ? -si.normal\n      : si.normal;\n    // A refracted/reflected continuation is stochastic and therefore not a\n    // clean OIDN feature. Keep the stable primary glass guide instead.\n    si.albedoSampled = mat.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n  }\n\n  if (mat.transmissionDispersionScale > 0.001) {\n    mat.specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n      pathWavelength,\n      mat.specularIor,\n      mat.transmissionDispersionScale,\n      mat.dispersionAbbeNumber\n    );\n  }\n  return integrateOnePath(si, ray, mat, outAux);\n}\n\nvoid main() {\n\n  initRandom();\n  rng_initialize(v_Texcoord * viewportSize, int(uint(sampleCount) ^ sampleHash(uint(sequenceSeed))));\n\n\n  pathWavelength = dispersionWavelengths == 1 ? 0.0 : wavelength;\n  heroWavelength = wavelength;\n  if (dispersionWavelengths == 1 && wavelength > 0.0) {\n    float channel = floor(sample1D(CAMERA_WAVELENGTH) * 3.0);\n    heroWavelength = channel < 1.0 ? 650.0 : channel < 2.0 ? 510.0 : 475.0;\n  }\n\n  // Thin lens model with depth-of-field\n  // http://www.pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Camera_Models/Projective_Camera_Models.html#TheThinLensModelandDepthofField\n  Ray cam = primaryCameraRay();\n\n  RayTraceAuxiliary outAux;\n  outAux.albedo = vec3(0.0);\n  outAux.normal = vec3(0.0);\n  outAux.isBlank = false;\n  outAux.isShadowCatcher = false;\n\n  vec4 liAndAlpha = integrator(cam, outAux);\n\n  // Clamp at Integration Level to reduce fireflies.\n  // TODO Path level configuration?\n#ifdef CLAMPING\n  float clamping = float(CLAMPING);\n  liAndAlpha.rgb = clamp(liAndAlpha.rgb, -clamping, clamping);\n#endif\n\n  // Each sample will be accumulated three times.\n  if (pathWavelength > 0.0) {\n    // RGB will be normalized using accumated hit in out_albedo.a\n    liAndAlpha.rgb *= 3.0;\n    if (dispersionWavelengths != 1) {\n      // Full spectral samples use three additive passes. Preview only submits\n      // one hero wavelength, so its alpha must not be divided.\n      liAndAlpha.a /= 3.0;\n    }\n  }\n  if (!(liAndAlpha.x < INF && liAndAlpha.x > -EPS)) {\n    liAndAlpha = vec4(0, 0, 0, 1);\n  }\n\n  out_color = liAndAlpha;\n  out_albedo = vec4(outAux.albedo, outAux.isBlank ? 0.0 : 1.0);\n  out_normal = vec4(outAux.normal, 1.0);\n  // Moments and count of the built-in denoiser's guide value. The catcher\n  // pass accumulates its own samples (see shadowCatcher.frag).\n  float guideValue = dot(liAndAlpha.rgb, vec3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));\n  out_moments = outAux.isShadowCatcher\n    ? vec4(0.0)\n    : vec4(guideValue, guideValue * guideValue, 1.0, 0.0);\n\n}`\n  });\n}\n"]}

package/lib/renderer/util.d.ts

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ export declare const isMac: false | RegExpMatchArray | null;
 /** Detect the WebGL workaround platform only when the WebGL backend needs it. */
 export declare function isIntelMac(): boolean;
 /** Lowest resolution scale interactive preview adapts down to. */
-export declare const MIN_PREVIEW_SCALE = 0.25;
+export declare const MIN_PREVIEW_SCALE = 0.125;
 /**
  * Next interactive-preview resolution scale from a preview frame time measured
  * at `measuredScale`. Tracing and denoising cost grow with the pixel count
  * (scale²), so the scale follows the square root of the time ratio. Steps are
- * 1/16 (1/32 below 0.25); a change of less than 15% from `currentScale` keeps
+ * 1/16 (1/128 below 0.25); a change of less than 15% from `currentScale` keeps
  * it, because every resolution change restarts sampling.
  */
 export declare function nextPreviewScale(measuredScale: number, frameTimeMs: number, targetTimeMs: number, maxScale: number, currentScale?: number, minScale?: number): number;

package/lib/renderer/util.js

@@ -39,17 +39,17 @@ export function isIntelMac() {
     return cachedIntelMac;
 }
 /** Lowest resolution scale interactive preview adapts down to. */
-export const MIN_PREVIEW_SCALE = 0.25;
+export const MIN_PREVIEW_SCALE = 0.125;
 /**
  * Next interactive-preview resolution scale from a preview frame time measured
  * at `measuredScale`. Tracing and denoising cost grow with the pixel count
  * (scale²), so the scale follows the square root of the time ratio. Steps are
- * 1/16 (1/32 below 0.25); a change of less than 15% from `currentScale` keeps
+ * 1/16 (1/128 below 0.25); a change of less than 15% from `currentScale` keeps
  * it, because every resolution change restarts sampling.
  */
 export function nextPreviewScale(measuredScale, frameTimeMs, targetTimeMs, maxScale, currentScale = measuredScale, minScale = MIN_PREVIEW_SCALE) {
     const raw = measuredScale * Math.sqrt(targetTimeMs / Math.max(frameTimeMs, 0.1));
-    const steps = raw < 0.25 ? 32 : 16;
+    const steps = raw < 0.25 ? 128 : 16;
     const next = clamp(Math.round(raw * steps) / steps, minScale, Math.max(minScale, maxScale));
     return Math.abs(Math.log(next / currentScale)) >= Math.log(1.15) ? next : currentScale;
 }

package/lib/renderer/util.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Tracing and denoising cost grow with the pixel count\n * (scale²), so the scale follows the square root of the time ratio. Steps are\n * 1/16 (1/32 below 0.25); a change of less than 15% from `currentScale` keeps\n * it, because every resolution change restarts sampling.\n */\nexport function nextPreviewScale(\n  measuredScale: number,\n  frameTimeMs: number,\n  targetTimeMs: number,\n  maxScale: number,\n  currentScale = measuredScale,\n  minScale = MIN_PREVIEW_SCALE\n) {\n  const raw = measuredScale * Math.sqrt(targetTimeMs / Math.max(frameTimeMs, 0.1));\n  const steps = raw < 0.25 ? 32 : 16;\n  const next = clamp(Math.round(raw * steps) / steps, minScale, Math.max(minScale, maxScale));\n  return Math.abs(Math.log(next / currentScale)) >= Math.log(1.15) ? next : currentScale;\n}\n"]}
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Tracing and denoising cost grow with the pixel count\n * (scale²), so the scale follows the square root of the time ratio. Steps are\n * 1/16 (1/128 below 0.25); a change of less than 15% from `currentScale` keeps\n * it, because every resolution change restarts sampling.\n */\nexport function nextPreviewScale(\n  measuredScale: number,\n  frameTimeMs: number,\n  targetTimeMs: number,\n  maxScale: number,\n  currentScale = measuredScale,\n  minScale = MIN_PREVIEW_SCALE\n) {\n  const raw = measuredScale * Math.sqrt(targetTimeMs / Math.max(frameTimeMs, 0.1));\n  const steps = raw < 0.25 ? 128 : 16;\n  const next = clamp(Math.round(raw * steps) / steps, minScale, Math.max(minScale, maxScale));\n  return Math.abs(Math.log(next / currentScale)) >= Math.log(1.15) ? next : currentScale;\n}\n"]}

package/lib/renderer/wgsl/rayTrace.compute.js

@@ -692,6 +692,10 @@ eT(&ma, si.materialIndex, si.uv, si.uv1, si.instanceIndex);
 
 if (ma.materialType == SHADOW_CATCHER) {
 (*outAux).isShadowCatcher = true;
+
+
+(*outAux).albedo = vec3f(1.0);
+(*outAux).normal = select(si.normal, -si.normal, dot(si.normal, ray.d) > 0.0);
 var aa: Path;
 aa.ray = ray;
 aa.fromEye = true;
@@ -889,8 +893,8 @@ let jo = vec4f(dn.rgb * dn.a, dn.a);
 outShadowCatcher[idx].mask += vec4f(1.0, dn.a, pU, aN.a);
 outShadowCatcher[idx].background += jo;
 outColor[idx] += jo;
-outAlbedo[idx] += vec4f(vec3f(0.0), pU);
-hH(idx, dn.rgb, vec3f(0.0));
+outAlbedo[idx] += vec4f(outAux.albedo, pU);
+hH(idx, dn.rgb, outAux.normal);
 
 
 let visibility = 1.0 - aN.a;

package/lib/renderer/wgsl/rayTrace.compute.js.map

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see LICENSES/RayTracingRenderer-MIT.txt.\n\nimport commonWgsl from './chunks/common.wgsl.js';\nimport { WGPU_SCENE_FEATURE_BITS } from '../WGPUSceneFeatures.js';\nimport rayTraceCoreWgsl from './chunks/rayTraceCore.wgsl.js';\nimport { createMaterialBufferWgsl } from './chunks/materialBuffer.wgsl.js';\nimport createIntersectionWgsl from './chunks/intersect.wgsl.js';\nimport randomWgsl from './chunks/random.wgsl.js';\nimport randWgsl from './chunks/rand.wgsl.js';\nimport { createSampleMaterialWgsl } from './chunks/sampleMaterial.wgsl.js';\nimport sampleLightWgsl from './chunks/sampleLight.wgsl.js';\nimport { createOpenPbrBsdfWgsl } from './chunks/openPbrBsdf.wgsl.js';\nimport samplingWgsl from './chunks/sampling.wgsl.js';\nimport sampleShadowCatcherWgsl from './chunks/sampleShadowCatcher.wgsl.js';\nimport envMapWgsl from './chunks/envMap.wgsl.js';\nimport uvProjectionWgsl from './chunks/uvProjection.wgsl.js';\nexport const WORKGROUP_SIZE = 8;\n\nexport interface RayTraceShaderOptions {\n  hasDisplacement: boolean;\n  /** Include direction frames only when used, preserving the legacy shader arithmetic otherwise. */\n  hasAnisotropyDirections?: boolean;\n  /** Include independent coat normals only when a material uses that slot. */\n  hasCoatNormals?: boolean;\n  /** Split glTF BLEND primary hits deterministically instead of stochastically. */\n  hasAlpha?: boolean;\n  /** Any scene material uses alpha mask or blend. */\n  hasSceneAlpha?: boolean;\n  /** Bit mask of the BLAS layouts present in the scene (bvh2, bvh4, bvh-gpu, cwbvh). */\n  blasLayoutMask?: number;\n}\n\n/** Generates the WebGPU megakernel path tracing compute shader. */\nexport default function rayTraceCompute({\n  hasDisplacement,\n  hasAnisotropyDirections = false,\n  hasCoatNormals = false,\n  hasAlpha = true,\n  hasSceneAlpha = true,\n  blasLayoutMask = 1\n}: RayTraceShaderOptions) {\n  hasAnisotropyDirections ||= hasCoatNormals;\n  const deterministicPrimaryAlpha = hasAlpha;\n  const source = /* wgsl */ `\n\n${commonWgsl}\n\n${rayTraceCoreWgsl({ hasSceneAlpha, hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals })}\n\n${uvProjectionWgsl}\n\n${createMaterialBufferWgsl({ hasSceneAlpha, hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals })}\n\n${createIntersectionWgsl({ hasDisplacement, blasLayoutMask, hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals })}\n${randWgsl}\n${randomWgsl}\n${envMapWgsl}\n\n${samplingWgsl}\n${createOpenPbrBsdfWgsl(hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals)}\n${sampleLightWgsl}\n\n// Index of the path vertex currently being shaded.\nvar<private> bounceIndex: u32 = 0u;\n\n// Number of light candidates resampled for each NEE estimate. Interactive\n// preview caps the budget at two.\nfn neeCandidateCount() -> u32 {\n  return u32(max(rtUniform.directLightCandidates, 1));\n}\n\n// Hash-based random number used to select among light candidates. It is\n// independent of the path sample stream so the candidate count does not\n// change the dimensions consumed by later bounces.\nfn lightCandidateRandom(salt: u32) -> f32 {\n  // Reservoir replacement needs the full [0, 1) interval: sample1D's EPS\n  // remapping makes small positive replacement probabilities unreachable.\n  // Preserve the legacy sequential RNG draw in the random sampling mode so\n  // subsequent path samples retain their stream; selection uses the hash.\n  if (SAMPLING_PATTERN == 2) { _ = rand(); }\n  let pixelID = samplingPixel.x + samplingPixel.y * u32(rtUniform.outputSize.x);\n  let key = sampleSeed(sampleSeed(pixelID, pixelSampleIndex), rtUniform.sequenceSeed);\n  let dimension = sampleSeed(samplingBounce, salt) ^ 0xa511e9b3u;\n  return f32(sampleHash(key ^ dimension) >> 8u) * (1.0 / 16777216.0);\n}\n\n// MIS weight of a light-sampled contribution. With several resampled\n// candidates the NEE technique is drawn neeCandidateCount() times.\nfn neeMISWeight(lightPdf: f32, scatteringPdf: f32) -> f32 {\n  let candidateCount = neeCandidateCount();\n  if (candidateCount <= 1u) {\n    return sampling_power_heuristic(lightPdf, scatteringPdf);\n  }\n  let weightedLightPdf = f32(candidateCount) * lightPdf;\n  return weightedLightPdf /\n    max(weightedLightPdf + scatteringPdf, 1e-20);\n}\n\n// MIS weight of a BSDF-sampled ray that hits a light.\nfn bsdfMISWeight(scatteringPdf: f32, lightPdf: f32) -> f32 {\n  let candidateCount = neeCandidateCount();\n  if (candidateCount <= 1u) {\n    return sampling_power_heuristic(scatteringPdf, lightPdf);\n  }\n  let weightedLightPdf = f32(candidateCount) * lightPdf;\n  return scatteringPdf /\n    max(scatteringPdf + weightedLightPdf, 1e-20);\n}\n\n${createSampleMaterialWgsl(hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals)}\n${sampleShadowCatcherWgsl}\n\n// Output\n@group(3) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> outColor: array<vec4f>;\n@group(3) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> outNormal: array<vec4f>;\n@group(3) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> outAlbedo: array<vec4f>;\n\n${shadowCatcherAccumulationWGSL}\n@group(3) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> outShadowCatcher: array<ShadowCatcherAccumulation>;\n\n\nfn accumulateNormalOrVariance(\n  pixelIndex: u32,\n  radiance: vec3f,\n  normal: vec3f\n) {\n  if (rtUniform.varianceMoments != 0) {\n    let value = dot(radiance, luminance);\n    outNormal[pixelIndex] += vec4f(value * value, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n  else {\n    outNormal[pixelIndex] += vec4f(normal, 1.0);\n  }\n}\n\n// Moments of the per-sample value the built-in denoiser compares, used to\n// estimate the variance of each pixel's mean.\nfn accumulateDenoiseMoments(pixelIndex: u32, value: f32) {\n  outShadowCatcher[pixelIndex].moments += vec4f(value, value * value, 0.0, 0.0);\n}\n\n\nstruct RayTraceAuxiliary {\n  // Denoising guides and auxiliary pixel classification.\n  albedo: vec3f,\n  isShadowCatcher: bool,\n  normal: vec3f,\n  isBlank: bool,\n}\n\nfn groundedSurfaceDistance(point: vec3f, height: f32, radius: f32) -> f32 {\n  let pointLength = length(point);\n  if (pointLength < 0.00001) {\n    return -radius;\n  }\n\n  let originalY = radius * point.y / pointLength;\n  let transitionY = -1.5 * height;\n  var surfaceRadius: f32;\n  if (originalY >= 0.0) {\n    surfaceRadius = radius;\n  }\n  else if (originalY < transitionY) {\n    surfaceRadius = -height * pointLength / point.y;\n  }\n  else {\n    let factor = 1.0\n      - originalY * originalY / (3.0 * transitionY * transitionY);\n    surfaceRadius = radius * factor;\n  }\n  return pointLength - surfaceRadius;\n}\n\nfn groundedBackgroundDirection(origin: vec3f, direction: vec3f) -> vec3f {\n  if (!USE_GROUNDED_BACKGROUND) {\n    return direction;\n  }\n  let params = rtUniform.groundedBackgroundParams;\n  let rayDirection = normalize(direction);\n  let center = vec3f(\n    rtUniform.groundedBackgroundCenter.x,\n    params.z + params.x,\n    rtUniform.groundedBackgroundCenter.y\n  );\n  let localOrigin = origin - center;\n  let projectedOrigin = dot(localOrigin, rayDirection);\n  let discriminant = projectedOrigin * projectedOrigin\n    - dot(localOrigin, localOrigin) + params.y * params.y;\n  if (\n    discriminant <= 0.0\n    || groundedSurfaceDistance(localOrigin, params.x, params.y) > 0.0\n  ) {\n    return direction;\n  }\n\n  var farDistance = -projectedOrigin + sqrt(discriminant);\n  if (farDistance <= 0.0) {\n    return direction;\n  }\n\n  let sphereHit = localOrigin + rayDirection * farDistance;\n  if (sphereHit.y >= 0.0) {\n    return normalize(sphereHit);\n  }\n\n  if (rayDirection.y < -0.00001 && params.y > 1.5 * params.x) {\n    let groundDistance = (-params.x - localOrigin.y) / rayDirection.y;\n    let groundHit = localOrigin + rayDirection * groundDistance;\n    let groundRadius = (2.0 / 3.0)\n      * sqrt(params.y * params.y - 2.25 * params.x * params.x);\n    if (groundDistance > 0.0 && length(groundHit.xz) <= groundRadius) {\n      return normalize(groundHit);\n    }\n  }\n\n  var nearDistance = 0.0;\n  for (var i = 0; i < 14; i++) {\n    let middleDistance = (nearDistance + farDistance) * 0.5;\n    let middlePoint = localOrigin + rayDirection * middleDistance;\n    if (groundedSurfaceDistance(middlePoint, params.x, params.y) > 0.0) {\n      farDistance = middleDistance;\n    }\n    else {\n      nearDistance = middleDistance;\n    }\n  }\n  let hit = localOrigin + rayDirection * ((nearDistance + farDistance) * 0.5);\n  return normalize(hit);\n}\n\nfn sampleSceneBackground(ray: Ray) -> vec4f {\n  var bg = vec4f(0.0);\n  if (USE_BACKGROUND_MAP) {\n    let backgroundDirection = groundedBackgroundDirection(ray.o, ray.d);\n    bg = textureLinear(backgroundMap, cartesianToEquirect(backgroundDirection));\n  }\n  else if (USE_BACKGROUND) {\n    bg = rtUniform.backgroundColor;\n  }\n  else if (USE_ENVMAP) {\n    bg = textureLinear(envMap, cartesianToEquirect(ray.d));\n  }\n  return bg;\n}\n\nfn sampleSpectralSceneBackground(ray: Ray, wavelength: f32) -> vec4f {\n  let bg = sampleSceneBackground(ray);\n  if (SPECTRAL) {\n    return vec4f(sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, wavelength), bg.a);\n  }\n  return bg;\n}\n\nfn bounce(uv: vec2f, path: ptr<function, Path>, depth: ptr<function, i32>, si: ptr<function, SurfaceInteraction>, ma: ptr<function, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial>, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) {\n  samplingBounce = u32(max(*depth, 0));\n  let matType = (*ma).materialType;\n  let isShadowCatcher = matType == SHADOW_CATCHER;\n  if (isShadowCatcher) {\n    if ((*path).fromEye) {\n      (*si).hit = false;\n    }\n    else {\n      // The catcher only contributes to the separate shadow mask. Secondary\n      // rays must see the environment behind it instead of its default white\n      // material, otherwise it appears in reflections.\n      if (USE_ENVMAP) {\n        if ((*path).isNextRefraction) {\n          // A camera-visible transmitted ray can hit the invisible catcher\n          // before the grounded skybox. Preserve the displayed projection.\n          let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n            (*path).ray,\n            (*si).wavelength\n          );\n          let backgroundMisWeight = select(bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf,\n            envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d)) * rtUniform.envLightPmf),\n            1.0, (*path).scatteringIsDelta);\n          (*path).li += backgroundMisWeight * (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n          (*path).alpha = max((*path).alpha, bg.a);\n        }\n        else {\n          let envUv = cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d);\n          var emission = textureLinear(envMap, envUv).rgb;\n          if (SPECTRAL) {\n            emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, (*si).wavelength);\n          }\n          (*path).li += (*path).beta * emission *\n            bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf, envMapPdf(envUv));\n        }\n      }\n      else {\n        let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n          (*path).ray,\n          (*si).wavelength\n        );\n        (*path).li += (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      }\n      (*path).abort = true;\n      return;\n    }\n  }\n  if (!(*si).hit) {\n    // The spectral integrator traces red, green, and blue paths separately.\n    // Split background radiance by wavelength as well so the three paths\n    // reconstruct the skybox instead of adding three full RGB copies.\n    let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n      (*path).ray,\n      (*si).wavelength\n    );\n    if ((*path).fromEye) {\n      // Sample from background if first ray not hit anything.\n      (*path).li = (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      (*path).alpha = bg.a;\n      // Only treat as blank pixels when the background is transparent\n      (*outAux).isBlank = bg.a < 0.001 ||\n        (USE_BACKGROUND && !USE_BACKGROUND_MAP);\n    }\n    else {\n      let cam = initCameraRay(uv);\n      let towardsCam = dot(cam.d, (*path).ray.d) > 0.0;\n      if (rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n        if (towardsCam) {\n          (*path).alpha = max((*path).alpha, bg.a);\n        } else {\n          (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n        }\n      }\n      if (!USE_ENVMAP) {\n        // A display background is not an illumination environment, but a\n        // visible secondary ray (e.g. through glass) still resolves it.\n        if (towardsCam) {\n          // This is a terminal BSDF-hit contribution, not a replacement for\n          // NEE accumulated at earlier vertices on the same path.\n          (*path).li += (*path).beta *\n            bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf, 1.0) * bg.rgb;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    (*path).abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n\n  var sampleIgnored = false;\n  if ((matType == STANDARD || matType == UNLIT)) {\n    let alpha = clamp((*ma).alpha, 0.0, 1.0);\n    \n    if (alpha < 1.0) {\n      // Alpha is stochastic coverage. Keep accepted surface radiance at full\n      // weight instead of multiplying it by alpha a second time.\n      if (alpha <= 0.0 || hashedSample(3u) > alpha) {\n        sampleIgnored = true;\n      }\n    }\n    if (!sampleIgnored && rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n      // A selected stochastic coverage sample is fully covered. Ignored\n      // samples leave output alpha untouched and continue to the back layer.\n      let outputAlpha = max(1.0 - (*ma).transmissionWeight, 1.0 - pow(1.0 - rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin, f32(*depth)));\n      (*path).alpha = max(outputAlpha, (*path).alpha);\n    }\n    if (!sampleIgnored) {\n      bounceIndex = u32(max(*depth, 0));\n      SampleMaterial(si, ma, path);\n    }\n    else {\n      // Alpha-null traversal does not consume the receiver event. The first\n      // accepted surface behind it is still the receiver for NEE/AOVs.\n      (*path).ray.o = (*si).position + (*path).ray.d * EPS;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (!(*si).albedoSampled && !sampleIgnored) {\n    // Select denoising guides.\n    if ((matType == STANDARD || matType == UNLIT)) {\n      if (!((*ma).transmissionWeight > 0.5 ||\n        ((*ma).specularRoughness <= 0.02 && (*ma).baseMetalness > 0.98))) {\n        (*outAux).albedo = (*ma).baseColor;\n        (*outAux).normal = select(\n          (*si).normal,\n          -(*si).normal,\n          dot(\n            (*si).normal,\n            (*si).position - cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz\n          ) > 0.0\n        );\n        (*si).albedoSampled = true;\n      }\n      // TODO pick albedo and normal on the surface if ray is too deep and can't hit any rough or opaque surfaces.\n      if (*depth > 4) {\n        (*si).albedoSampled = true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Russian roulette with throughput compensation.\n  if (USE_RR) {\n    if (*depth >= RR_MAX && !sampleIgnored) {\n      let rouletteBeta = (*path).beta;\n      // Max-component survival (pbrt-v4) avoids over-amplifying saturated paths.\n      let maxComponent = max(max(rouletteBeta.x, rouletteBeta.y), rouletteBeta.z);\n      let q: f32 = max(0.0, 1.0 - maxComponent);\n      if (sample1D(bounceDim(RUSSIAN_ROULETTE)) < q) {\n        // TODO we force use alpha 1.0 here.\n        // To avoid the glass pixels is transparent even if it's on an opaque object.\n        (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n        (*path).abort = true;\n      }\n      else {\n        (*path).beta /= 1.0 - q;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  if ((*path).abort) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  intersectScene((*path).ray, si, *depth, true, (*path).isNextRefraction);\n  getMaterial(ma, (*si).materialIndex, (*si).uv, (*si).uv1, (*si).instanceIndex);\n\n  if (SPECTRAL) {\n    // Is glass\n    if ((*ma).transmissionWeight > 0.001) {\n      (*ma).specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n        (*si).wavelength,\n        (*ma).specularIor,\n        (*ma).transmissionDispersionScale,\n        (*ma).dispersionAbbeNumber\n      );\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (sampleIgnored) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Use light if hit the light\n  var lightSample: LightSampleRec;\n  let isAlphaOccluded = hashedSample(3u) < (*ma).alpha;\n  for (var i = 0; i < rtUniform.lightsCount; i++) {\n    // Fetch light Data\n    let light: Light = analyticLights[i];\n    let d = intersectLight((*path).ray, light, &lightSample);\n    lightSample.pdf *= light.selectionPmf;\n    let occluded = (*si).hit && d > distance((*si).position, (*path).ray.o);\n    if (d != INF && !(occluded && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n      let misWeight = bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf, lightSample.pdf);\n      if (SPECTRAL) {\n        lightSample.emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(lightSample.emission, (*si).wavelength);\n      }\n      (*path).li += misWeight * (*path).beta * lightSample.emission;\n      (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n      (*path).abort = true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (USE_ENVMAP) {\n    if (!((*si).hit && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n      if ((*path).isNextRefraction) {\n        // Camera-visible transmission follows the displayed background,\n        // including grounded projection. Other rays use the raw environment\n        // map as the physically sampled lighting source.\n        let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n          (*path).ray,\n          (*si).wavelength\n        );\n        let backgroundMisWeight = select(bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf,\n            envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d)) * rtUniform.envLightPmf),\n            1.0, (*path).scatteringIsDelta);\n          (*path).li += backgroundMisWeight * (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n        (*path).alpha = max((*path).alpha, bg.a);\n        (*path).abort = true;\n        return;\n      }\n      let _uv = cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d);\n      var emission = textureLinear(envMap, _uv).rgb;\n      let misWeight = bsdfMISWeight(\n        (*path).scatteringPdf,\n        envMapPdf(_uv) * rtUniform.envLightPmf\n      );\n      if (SPECTRAL) {\n        emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, (*si).wavelength);\n      }\n      // TODO force the min alpha to be 1 when showing envmap as background\n      if (!USE_BACKGROUND) {\n        (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n      }\n      (*path).li += (*path).beta * emission * misWeight;\n      (*path).abort = true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  *depth = *depth + 1;\n}\n\nfn initCameraRay(coord: vec2f) -> Ray {\n  let origin = cameraUniform.viewProjectionInv * vec4f(coord * 2.0 - 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);\n  let center = cameraUniform.viewProjectionInv * vec4f(coord * 2.0 - 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n  var cam: Ray;\n  initRay(&cam, origin.xyz / origin.w, normalize(center.xyz * origin.w - origin.xyz * center.w));\n\n  return cam;\n}\n\n\nfn bevelCubicSample(radius: f32, xi: f32) -> vec2f {\n  var x = 0.25;\n  for (var iteration = 0; iteration < 10; iteration++) {\n    let x2 = x * x;\n    let x3 = x2 * x;\n    let oneMinusX = 1.0 - x;\n    let value = 10.0 * x2 - 20.0 * x3 + 15.0 * x2 * x2 -\n      4.0 * x2 * x3 - xi;\n    let derivative = 20.0 * x * oneMinusX * oneMinusX * oneMinusX;\n    if (abs(value) < 1e-6 || derivative == 0.0) { break; }\n    x = clamp(x - value / derivative, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n  let diskRadius = x * radius;\n  return vec2f(diskRadius, sqrt(max(radius * radius - diskRadius * diskRadius, 0.0)));\n}\n\nfn bevelCubicPdf(radius: f32, distanceToSource: f32) -> f32 {\n  if (distanceToSource >= radius) { return 0.0; }\n  let falloff = radius - distanceToSource;\n  return falloff * falloff * falloff;\n}\n\n// Shader bevel. Usage: docs/materials.md (Renderer extensions)\nfn getBevelNormal(source: SurfaceInteraction, radius: f32) -> vec3f {\n  var geometricNormal = source.faceNormal;\n  if (dot(geometricNormal, source.vertexNormal) < 0.0) {\n    geometricNormal = -geometricNormal;\n  }\n  var tangent: vec3f;\n  var bitangent: vec3f;\n  sampling_orthonormal_basis(geometricNormal, &tangent, &bitangent);\n  var normalSum = vec3f(0.0);\n\n  for (var sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < BEVEL_SAMPLES; sampleIndex++) {\n    let bevelRnd = sample2D(CAMERA_BEVEL_BASE + u32(sampleIndex));\n    var axisSample = bevelRnd.x;\n    let radialSample = bevelRnd.y;\n    var diskNormal = geometricNormal;\n    var diskTangent = tangent;\n    var diskBitangent = bitangent;\n    var pickPdfNormal = 0.5;\n    var pickPdfTangent = 0.25;\n    var pickPdfBitangent = 0.25;\n    if (axisSample < 0.5) {\n      axisSample *= 2.0;\n    }\n    else if (axisSample < 0.75) {\n      let swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskTangent;\n      diskTangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfTangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.5) * 4.0;\n    }\n    else {\n      let swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskBitangent;\n      diskBitangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfBitangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.75) * 4.0;\n    }\n\n    let diskSample = bevelCubicSample(radius, radialSample);\n    let phi = TWOPI * axisSample;\n    let diskOffset = diskSample.x *\n      (cos(phi) * diskTangent + sin(phi) * diskBitangent);\n    var ray: Ray;\n    initRay(\n      &ray,\n      source.position + diskNormal * diskSample.y + diskOffset,\n      -diskNormal\n    );\n    var hit: SurfaceInteraction;\n    intersectSceneBevel(\n      ray,\n      &hit,\n      source.instanceIndex,\n      max(2.0 * diskSample.y, EPS)\n    );\n    if (!hit.hit) { continue; }\n\n    let pdfNormal = pickPdfNormal * abs(dot(diskNormal, hit.faceNormal));\n    let pdfTangent = pickPdfTangent * abs(dot(diskTangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    let pdfBitangent = pickPdfBitangent * abs(dot(diskBitangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    var weight = pdfNormal / max(\n      pdfNormal * pdfNormal + pdfTangent * pdfTangent +\n        pdfBitangent * pdfBitangent,\n      1e-8\n    );\n    weight *= bevelCubicPdf(radius, distance(hit.position, source.position)) /\n      max(bevelCubicPdf(radius, diskSample.x), 1e-8);\n    normalSum += weight * hit.vertexNormal;\n  }\n\n  if (dot(normalSum, normalSum) <= 1e-12) { return source.normal; }\n  let bevelVertexNormal = normalize(normalSum);\n  let result = source.normal + bevelVertexNormal - source.vertexNormal;\n  if (dot(result, result) > 1e-12) { return normalize(result); }\n  return source.normal;\n}\n\nfn integrateOnePathSample(uv: vec2f, si: ptr<function, SurfaceInteraction>, ray: Ray, ma: ptr<function, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial>, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) -> vec4f {\n  var path: Path;\n  path.ray = ray;\n  path.li = vec3f(0.0);\n  path.alpha = select(1.0, 0.0, rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0);\n  path.beta = vec3f(1.0);\n  path.fromEye = true;\n  path.scatteringPdf = 0.0;\n  path.scatteringIsDelta = false;\n  path.isNextRefraction = false;\n  path.abort = false;\n\n  let isNotTransparent = (*ma).transmissionWeight < 0.001 && (*ma).subsurfaceWeight < 0.001 && (*ma).alpha > 0.99;\n  let bounceLimit = max(rtUniform.bounces, 0);\n  var depth = 0;\n  // Transparent paths may take up to three times the configured bounces.\n  for (var idx: i32 = 0; idx < min(bounceLimit * 3, ${MAX_PATH_EVENTS}); idx = idx + 1) {\n    if (isNotTransparent && idx > bounceLimit) {\n      path.abort = true;\n    }\n    if (path.abort) {\n      break;\n    }\n    bounce(uv, &path, &depth, si, ma, outAux);\n  }\n\n  return vec4f(path.li, path.alpha);\n}\n\nfn integrateOnePath(uv: vec2f, si: ptr<function, SurfaceInteraction>, ray: Ray, ma: ptr<function, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial>, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) -> vec4f {\n  ${deterministicPrimaryAlpha ? /* wgsl */ `let coverage = clamp((*ma).alpha, 0.0, 1.0);\n  if (!(*si).hit || ((*ma).materialType != STANDARD && (*ma).materialType != UNLIT) || coverage >= 1.0) {\n    return integrateOnePathSample(uv, si, ray, ma, outAux);\n  }\n\n  // glTF BLEND is source-over opacity, not a physical glass boundary. Split\n  // the primary ray so reflected radiance is attenuated by alpha every sample\n  // while the complementary branch continues straight to the scene behind it.\n  // Secondary alpha hits remain stochastic to avoid exponential path growth.\n  var backRay = ray;\n  backRay.o = (*si).position + ray.d * (EPS * 0.02);\n  var backSi = *si;\n  backSi.albedoSampled = false;\n  intersectScene(backRay, &backSi, 0, false, false);\n  var backMa: OpenPbrResolvedMaterial;\n  getMaterial(&backMa, backSi.materialIndex, backSi.uv, backSi.uv1, backSi.instanceIndex);\n  var backAux = *outAux;\n  if (backSi.hit && backMa.materialType == STANDARD) {\n    backAux.albedo = select(\n      backMa.baseColor,\n      vec3f(1.0),\n      backMa.transmissionWeight > 0.5\n    );\n    backAux.normal = select(\n      backSi.normal,\n      -backSi.normal,\n      dot(\n        backSi.normal,\n        backSi.position - cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz\n      ) > 0.0\n    );\n    backSi.albedoSampled = backMa.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n  }\n  let back = integrateOnePathSample(\n    uv, &backSi, backRay, &backMa, &backAux\n  );\n  if (coverage <= 0.0) {\n    *outAux = backAux;\n    return back;\n  }\n\n  var frontSi = *si;\n  var frontMa = *ma;\n  frontMa.alpha = 1.0;\n  var frontAux = *outAux;\n  let front = integrateOnePathSample(\n    uv, &frontSi, ray, &frontMa, &frontAux\n  );\n  (*outAux).albedo = mix(backAux.albedo, frontAux.albedo, coverage);\n  let blendedNormal = mix(backAux.normal, frontAux.normal, coverage);\n  (*outAux).normal = select(\n    vec3f(0.0),\n    normalize(blendedNormal),\n    dot(blendedNormal, blendedNormal) > 1e-12\n  );\n  (*outAux).isBlank = backAux.isBlank && frontAux.isBlank;\n  (*outAux).isShadowCatcher = backAux.isShadowCatcher && frontAux.isShadowCatcher;\n  return mix(back, front, coverage);` : /* wgsl */ `return integrateOnePathSample(uv, si, ray, ma, outAux);`}\n}\n\n// Path tracing integrator as described in\n// http://www.pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Light_Transport_I_Surface_Reflection/Path_Tracing.html#\nfn integrator(uv: vec2f, ray: Ray, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) -> vec4f {\n  var si: SurfaceInteraction;\n  var ma: OpenPbrResolvedMaterial;\n  si.albedoSampled = false;\n  si.mediumType = 0;\n  si.mediumExtinction = vec3f(0.0);\n  si.mediumScattering = vec3f(0.0);\n  si.mediumAnisotropy = 0.0;\n  si.barycentrics = vec2f(0.0);\n\n  // TODO not put tMax in ray. So we don't need to use pointer of ray here.\n  intersectScene(ray, &si, 0, false, false);\n  getMaterial(&ma, si.materialIndex, si.uv, si.uv1, si.instanceIndex);\n\n  if (ma.materialType == SHADOW_CATCHER) {\n    (*outAux).isShadowCatcher = true;\n    var path: Path;\n    path.ray = ray;\n    path.fromEye = true;\n    sampleShadowCatcher(si, 0, &path);\n    // RGB stores primary catcher coverage independently from the stochastic\n    // visibility in alpha. Composition uses this raw coverage to clip any\n    // shadow-mask denoising bleed at model silhouettes.\n    return vec4f(vec3f(1.0), path.alpha);\n  }\n  else {\n    if (HAS_BEVEL && rtUniform.bevel != 0) {\n      if (ma.bevel > 0.0) {\n        si.normal = getBevelNormal(si, ma.bevel);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Store a clean first-hit fallback. Glass retains this stable guide;\n    // other delta paths may replace it at their first non-delta hit.\n    if (si.hit && (ma.materialType == STANDARD || ma.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n      (*outAux).albedo = select(ma.baseColor, vec3f(1.0), ma.transmissionWeight > 0.5);\n      (*outAux).normal = select(\n        si.normal,\n        -si.normal,\n        dot(si.normal, si.position - cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz) > 0.0\n      );\n\n      // Do not replace a glass guide with a randomly selected downstream\n      // refraction/reflection hit; OIDN auxiliary features must stay clean.\n      si.albedoSampled = ma.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n    }\n\n    (*outAux).isShadowCatcher = false;\n\n    if (SPECTRAL) {\n      // Keep one source-level integrateOnePath call for both interactive\n      // preview and offline RGB splitting. A runtime loop bound prevents the\n      // WGSL compiler from cloning the full path graph three times while the\n      // uniform still selects the exact existing preview/offline behavior.\n      let rgbWaveLengths = array<f32, 3>(650.0, 510.0, 475.0);\n      var colAccum = vec3f(0.0);\n      var alpha = 0.0;\n      var accumulatedGuideAlbedo = vec3f(0.0);\n      var accumulatedGuideNormal = vec3f(0.0);\n      var allBlank = true;\n      var si2 = si;\n      var ma2 = ma;\n      let wavelengthRngState = s0;\n      let wavelengthHashedCounter = hashedCounter;\n      let singleWavelength = rtUniform.dispersionWavelengths == 1;\n      let dispersivePrimary = si.hit &&\n        ma.transmissionWeight > 0.001 &&\n        ma.transmissionDispersionScale > 0.001;\n      let wavelengthCount = select(3, 1, singleWavelength);\n      var heroWavelengthIndex = 0;\n      if (singleWavelength && dispersivePrimary) {\n        // Stochastic hero wavelength: one RGB channel per pixel keeps the\n        // preview spectral at one-third of the full three-path cost.\n        heroWavelengthIndex = min(i32(floor(sample1D(CAMERA_WAVELENGTH) * 3.0)), 2);\n      }\n      for (var i = 0; i < wavelengthCount; i++) {\n        // Common random numbers keep Monte Carlo error correlated between\n        // RGB wavelengths. This removes much of the colored variance that\n        // otherwise turns into dirty chromatic patches after OIDN.\n        if (!singleWavelength) {\n          s0 = wavelengthRngState;\n          hashedCounter = wavelengthHashedCounter;\n          samplingBounce = 0u;\n        }\n        si.wavelength = 0.0;\n        if (!singleWavelength || dispersivePrimary) {\n          si.wavelength = rgbWaveLengths[select(i, heroWavelengthIndex, singleWavelength)];\n          ma.specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n            si.wavelength,\n            ma.specularIor,\n            ma.transmissionDispersionScale,\n            ma.dispersionAbbeNumber\n          );\n        }\n        var wavelengthAux: RayTraceAuxiliary;\n        if (singleWavelength) {\n          wavelengthAux = *outAux;\n        } else {\n          wavelengthAux.albedo = (*outAux).albedo;\n          wavelengthAux.normal = (*outAux).normal;\n          wavelengthAux.isBlank = false;\n          wavelengthAux.isShadowCatcher = false;\n        }\n        let res = integrateOnePath(uv, &si, ray, &ma, &wavelengthAux);\n        if (singleWavelength) {\n          *outAux = wavelengthAux;\n          let scale = select(1.0, 3.0, dispersivePrimary);\n          return vec4f(res.rgb * scale, res.a);\n        }\n        colAccum += res.rgb;\n        alpha = max(alpha, res.a);\n        accumulatedGuideAlbedo += wavelengthAux.albedo;\n        accumulatedGuideNormal += wavelengthAux.normal;\n        allBlank = allBlank && wavelengthAux.isBlank;\n        si = si2;\n        ma = ma2;\n      }\n      (*outAux).albedo = accumulatedGuideAlbedo / 3.0;\n      (*outAux).normal = accumulatedGuideNormal / 3.0;\n      (*outAux).isBlank = allBlank;\n      return vec4f(colAccum, alpha);\n    }\n    else {\n      return integrateOnePath(uv, &si, ray, &ma, outAux);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfn sampleCircle(ip: vec2f) -> vec2f {\n  let p = 2.0 * ip - 1.0;\n  let greater = abs(p.x) > abs(p.y);\n  let r = select(p.y, p.x, greater);\n  let theta = select(PI * (0.5 - 0.25 * p.x / p.y), 0.25 * PI * p.y / p.x, greater);\n  return r * vec2f(cos(theta), sin(theta));\n}\n\n\n@compute @workgroup_size(${WORKGROUP_SIZE}, ${WORKGROUP_SIZE}, 1)\nfn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) globalId: vec3u) {\n  let outputSize = rtUniform.outputSize;\n  let scaleOffset = rtUniform.scaleOffset;\n  var jitter = rtUniform.jitter;\n  // TODO if outputSize is not multiple of 8?\n  let coord = globalId.xy * vec2u(scaleOffset.xy) + vec2u(scaleOffset.zw);\n  if (coord.x >= u32(outputSize.x) || coord.y >= u32(outputSize.y)) {\n    return;\n  }\n  let idx = coord.x + coord.y * u32(outputSize.x);\n\n  if (\n    rtUniform.adaptiveSampling != 0 &&\n    outNormal[idx].a >= textureLoad(\n      adaptiveSampleTargets,\n      vec2i(coord),\n      0\n    ).r\n  ) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Match WebGL's rasterized v_Texcoord, whose sample is at the center of\n  // each pixel. Keeping the same origin is material relevant: a half-pixel\n  // shift moves a narrow metal highlight across several pixels.\n  let uv = (vec2<f32>(f32(coord.x), f32(coord.y)) + vec2f(0.5)) / outputSize;\n\n  samplingPixel = coord;\n  pixelSampleIndex = u32(outNormal[idx].a) + rtUniform.sampleSequenceOffset;\n  samplingBounce = 0u; hashedCounter = 0u;\n  if (SAMPLING_PATTERN == 0 || SAMPLING_PATTERN == 1) {\n    jitter = (sample2D(CAMERA_PIXEL) - 0.5) / outputSize;\n  }\n  rng_initialize(coord, i32(pixelSampleIndex ^ sampleHash(rtUniform.sequenceSeed)));\n  var cam = initCameraRay(uv + jitter);\n\n  if (cameraUniform.apertureRadius > 0.0) {\n    // Thin lens: the focus plane is perpendicular to the view direction.\n    let eye = cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz;\n    let forward = -normalize(cameraUniform.viewInv[2].xyz);\n    let focusPoint = eye + cam.d * (cameraUniform.focusDistance / dot(cam.d, forward));\n    let lensPoint = cameraUniform.apertureRadius * sampleCircle(sample2D(CAMERA_LENS));\n    let origin = (cameraUniform.viewInv * vec4f(lensPoint, 0.0, 1.0)).xyz;\n    let dir = normalize(focusPoint - origin);\n    initRay(&cam, origin, dir);\n  }\n\n  var outAux: RayTraceAuxiliary;\n  outAux.albedo = vec3f(0.0);\n  outAux.normal = vec3f(0.0);\n  outAux.isBlank = false;\n  outAux.isShadowCatcher = false;\n  var liAndAlpha = integrator(uv + jitter, cam, &outAux);\n\n  // Clamp at Integration Level to reduce fireflies.\n  // TODO Path level configuration?\n  if (rtUniform.clamping > 0.0) {\n    let clamping = rtUniform.clamping;\n    liAndAlpha = vec4(clamp(liAndAlpha.rgb, -vec3f(clamping), vec3f(clamping)), liAndAlpha.a);\n  }\n  if (!(liAndAlpha.x < INF && liAndAlpha.x > -EPS)) {\n    liAndAlpha = vec4f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n\n  if (outAux.isShadowCatcher) {\n    // The catcher is invisible, so the main color at this pixel must still\n    // contain whatever the camera ray would have seen behind it.\n    let backgroundSample = sampleSceneBackground(cam);\n    let backgroundHit = select(0.0, 1.0, backgroundSample.a >= 0.01);\n    let backgroundPremultiplied = vec4f(backgroundSample.rgb * backgroundSample.a, backgroundSample.a);\n    // Keep the background contribution separate from geometry at silhouettes.\n    // mask: catcher coverage, background alpha, background hits, shadow opacity.\n    outShadowCatcher[idx].mask += vec4f(1.0, backgroundSample.a, backgroundHit, liAndAlpha.a);\n    outShadowCatcher[idx].background += backgroundPremultiplied;\n    outColor[idx] += backgroundPremultiplied;\n    outAlbedo[idx] += vec4f(vec3f(0.0), backgroundHit);\n    accumulateNormalOrVariance(idx, backgroundSample.rgb, vec3f(0.0));\n    // The composed catcher is the background darkened by the shadow. Over a\n    // transparent background the shadow is only its opacity.\n    let visibility = 1.0 - liAndAlpha.a;\n    accumulateDenoiseMoments(idx, visibility * select(\n      1.0, dot(backgroundSample.rgb, luminance), backgroundSample.a >= 0.01\n    ));\n  }\n  else {\n    outColor[idx] += liAndAlpha;\n    outAlbedo[idx] += vec4f(outAux.albedo, select(1.0, 0.0, outAux.isBlank));\n    accumulateNormalOrVariance(idx, liAndAlpha.rgb, outAux.normal);\n    accumulateDenoiseMoments(idx, dot(liAndAlpha.rgb, luminance));\n  }\n}\n`;\n  // The query entry point shares the exact BVH and material implementation.\n  // It has no effect on the beauty entry point or its bindings.\n  // Gate optional material layers on scene-level feature flags so drivers can\n  // skip the unused BSDF lobes.\n  let specializedSource = source + depthQueryWGSL;\n  const backgroundBits: Record<string, number> = {\n    USE_BACKGROUND: 1,\n    USE_BACKGROUND_MAP: 2,\n    USE_GROUNDED_BACKGROUND: 4\n  };\n  specializedSource = specializedSource.replace(\n    /\\b(?:USE_BACKGROUND|USE_BACKGROUND_MAP|USE_GROUNDED_BACKGROUND)\\b/g,\n    (name) => `((rtUniform.backgroundFlags & ${backgroundBits[name]}) != 0)`\n  );\n  specializedSource = specializedSource.replace(\n    new RegExp(`\\\\b(?:${Object.keys(WGPU_SCENE_FEATURE_BITS).join('|')})\\\\b`, 'g'),\n    name => `((rtUniform.sceneFeatureFlags & ${WGPU_SCENE_FEATURE_BITS[name]}u) != 0u)`\n  );\n  return specializedSource;\n}\n"]}
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see LICENSES/RayTracingRenderer-MIT.txt.\n\nimport commonWgsl from './chunks/common.wgsl.js';\nimport { WGPU_SCENE_FEATURE_BITS } from '../WGPUSceneFeatures.js';\nimport rayTraceCoreWgsl from './chunks/rayTraceCore.wgsl.js';\nimport { createMaterialBufferWgsl } from './chunks/materialBuffer.wgsl.js';\nimport createIntersectionWgsl from './chunks/intersect.wgsl.js';\nimport randomWgsl from './chunks/random.wgsl.js';\nimport randWgsl from './chunks/rand.wgsl.js';\nimport { createSampleMaterialWgsl } from './chunks/sampleMaterial.wgsl.js';\nimport sampleLightWgsl from './chunks/sampleLight.wgsl.js';\nimport { createOpenPbrBsdfWgsl } from './chunks/openPbrBsdf.wgsl.js';\nimport samplingWgsl from './chunks/sampling.wgsl.js';\nimport sampleShadowCatcherWgsl from './chunks/sampleShadowCatcher.wgsl.js';\nimport envMapWgsl from './chunks/envMap.wgsl.js';\nimport uvProjectionWgsl from './chunks/uvProjection.wgsl.js';\nexport const WORKGROUP_SIZE = 8;\n\nexport interface RayTraceShaderOptions {\n  hasDisplacement: boolean;\n  /** Include direction frames only when used, preserving the legacy shader arithmetic otherwise. */\n  hasAnisotropyDirections?: boolean;\n  /** Include independent coat normals only when a material uses that slot. */\n  hasCoatNormals?: boolean;\n  /** Split glTF BLEND primary hits deterministically instead of stochastically. */\n  hasAlpha?: boolean;\n  /** Any scene material uses alpha mask or blend. */\n  hasSceneAlpha?: boolean;\n  /** Bit mask of the BLAS layouts present in the scene (bvh2, bvh4, bvh-gpu, cwbvh). */\n  blasLayoutMask?: number;\n}\n\n/** Generates the WebGPU megakernel path tracing compute shader. */\nexport default function rayTraceCompute({\n  hasDisplacement,\n  hasAnisotropyDirections = false,\n  hasCoatNormals = false,\n  hasAlpha = true,\n  hasSceneAlpha = true,\n  blasLayoutMask = 1\n}: RayTraceShaderOptions) {\n  hasAnisotropyDirections ||= hasCoatNormals;\n  const deterministicPrimaryAlpha = hasAlpha;\n  const source = /* wgsl */ `\n\n${commonWgsl}\n\n${rayTraceCoreWgsl({ hasSceneAlpha, hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals })}\n\n${uvProjectionWgsl}\n\n${createMaterialBufferWgsl({ hasSceneAlpha, hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals })}\n\n${createIntersectionWgsl({ hasDisplacement, blasLayoutMask, hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals })}\n${randWgsl}\n${randomWgsl}\n${envMapWgsl}\n\n${samplingWgsl}\n${createOpenPbrBsdfWgsl(hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals)}\n${sampleLightWgsl}\n\n// Index of the path vertex currently being shaded.\nvar<private> bounceIndex: u32 = 0u;\n\n// Number of light candidates resampled for each NEE estimate. Interactive\n// preview caps the budget at two.\nfn neeCandidateCount() -> u32 {\n  return u32(max(rtUniform.directLightCandidates, 1));\n}\n\n// Hash-based random number used to select among light candidates. It is\n// independent of the path sample stream so the candidate count does not\n// change the dimensions consumed by later bounces.\nfn lightCandidateRandom(salt: u32) -> f32 {\n  // Reservoir replacement needs the full [0, 1) interval: sample1D's EPS\n  // remapping makes small positive replacement probabilities unreachable.\n  // Preserve the legacy sequential RNG draw in the random sampling mode so\n  // subsequent path samples retain their stream; selection uses the hash.\n  if (SAMPLING_PATTERN == 2) { _ = rand(); }\n  let pixelID = samplingPixel.x + samplingPixel.y * u32(rtUniform.outputSize.x);\n  let key = sampleSeed(sampleSeed(pixelID, pixelSampleIndex), rtUniform.sequenceSeed);\n  let dimension = sampleSeed(samplingBounce, salt) ^ 0xa511e9b3u;\n  return f32(sampleHash(key ^ dimension) >> 8u) * (1.0 / 16777216.0);\n}\n\n// MIS weight of a light-sampled contribution. With several resampled\n// candidates the NEE technique is drawn neeCandidateCount() times.\nfn neeMISWeight(lightPdf: f32, scatteringPdf: f32) -> f32 {\n  let candidateCount = neeCandidateCount();\n  if (candidateCount <= 1u) {\n    return sampling_power_heuristic(lightPdf, scatteringPdf);\n  }\n  let weightedLightPdf = f32(candidateCount) * lightPdf;\n  return weightedLightPdf /\n    max(weightedLightPdf + scatteringPdf, 1e-20);\n}\n\n// MIS weight of a BSDF-sampled ray that hits a light.\nfn bsdfMISWeight(scatteringPdf: f32, lightPdf: f32) -> f32 {\n  let candidateCount = neeCandidateCount();\n  if (candidateCount <= 1u) {\n    return sampling_power_heuristic(scatteringPdf, lightPdf);\n  }\n  let weightedLightPdf = f32(candidateCount) * lightPdf;\n  return scatteringPdf /\n    max(scatteringPdf + weightedLightPdf, 1e-20);\n}\n\n${createSampleMaterialWgsl(hasAnisotropyDirections, hasCoatNormals)}\n${sampleShadowCatcherWgsl}\n\n// Output\n@group(3) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> outColor: array<vec4f>;\n@group(3) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> outNormal: array<vec4f>;\n@group(3) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> outAlbedo: array<vec4f>;\n\n${shadowCatcherAccumulationWGSL}\n@group(3) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> outShadowCatcher: array<ShadowCatcherAccumulation>;\n\n\nfn accumulateNormalOrVariance(\n  pixelIndex: u32,\n  radiance: vec3f,\n  normal: vec3f\n) {\n  if (rtUniform.varianceMoments != 0) {\n    let value = dot(radiance, luminance);\n    outNormal[pixelIndex] += vec4f(value * value, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n  else {\n    outNormal[pixelIndex] += vec4f(normal, 1.0);\n  }\n}\n\n// Moments of the per-sample value the built-in denoiser compares, used to\n// estimate the variance of each pixel's mean.\nfn accumulateDenoiseMoments(pixelIndex: u32, value: f32) {\n  outShadowCatcher[pixelIndex].moments += vec4f(value, value * value, 0.0, 0.0);\n}\n\n\nstruct RayTraceAuxiliary {\n  // Denoising guides and auxiliary pixel classification.\n  albedo: vec3f,\n  isShadowCatcher: bool,\n  normal: vec3f,\n  isBlank: bool,\n}\n\nfn groundedSurfaceDistance(point: vec3f, height: f32, radius: f32) -> f32 {\n  let pointLength = length(point);\n  if (pointLength < 0.00001) {\n    return -radius;\n  }\n\n  let originalY = radius * point.y / pointLength;\n  let transitionY = -1.5 * height;\n  var surfaceRadius: f32;\n  if (originalY >= 0.0) {\n    surfaceRadius = radius;\n  }\n  else if (originalY < transitionY) {\n    surfaceRadius = -height * pointLength / point.y;\n  }\n  else {\n    let factor = 1.0\n      - originalY * originalY / (3.0 * transitionY * transitionY);\n    surfaceRadius = radius * factor;\n  }\n  return pointLength - surfaceRadius;\n}\n\nfn groundedBackgroundDirection(origin: vec3f, direction: vec3f) -> vec3f {\n  if (!USE_GROUNDED_BACKGROUND) {\n    return direction;\n  }\n  let params = rtUniform.groundedBackgroundParams;\n  let rayDirection = normalize(direction);\n  let center = vec3f(\n    rtUniform.groundedBackgroundCenter.x,\n    params.z + params.x,\n    rtUniform.groundedBackgroundCenter.y\n  );\n  let localOrigin = origin - center;\n  let projectedOrigin = dot(localOrigin, rayDirection);\n  let discriminant = projectedOrigin * projectedOrigin\n    - dot(localOrigin, localOrigin) + params.y * params.y;\n  if (\n    discriminant <= 0.0\n    || groundedSurfaceDistance(localOrigin, params.x, params.y) > 0.0\n  ) {\n    return direction;\n  }\n\n  var farDistance = -projectedOrigin + sqrt(discriminant);\n  if (farDistance <= 0.0) {\n    return direction;\n  }\n\n  let sphereHit = localOrigin + rayDirection * farDistance;\n  if (sphereHit.y >= 0.0) {\n    return normalize(sphereHit);\n  }\n\n  if (rayDirection.y < -0.00001 && params.y > 1.5 * params.x) {\n    let groundDistance = (-params.x - localOrigin.y) / rayDirection.y;\n    let groundHit = localOrigin + rayDirection * groundDistance;\n    let groundRadius = (2.0 / 3.0)\n      * sqrt(params.y * params.y - 2.25 * params.x * params.x);\n    if (groundDistance > 0.0 && length(groundHit.xz) <= groundRadius) {\n      return normalize(groundHit);\n    }\n  }\n\n  var nearDistance = 0.0;\n  for (var i = 0; i < 14; i++) {\n    let middleDistance = (nearDistance + farDistance) * 0.5;\n    let middlePoint = localOrigin + rayDirection * middleDistance;\n    if (groundedSurfaceDistance(middlePoint, params.x, params.y) > 0.0) {\n      farDistance = middleDistance;\n    }\n    else {\n      nearDistance = middleDistance;\n    }\n  }\n  let hit = localOrigin + rayDirection * ((nearDistance + farDistance) * 0.5);\n  return normalize(hit);\n}\n\nfn sampleSceneBackground(ray: Ray) -> vec4f {\n  var bg = vec4f(0.0);\n  if (USE_BACKGROUND_MAP) {\n    let backgroundDirection = groundedBackgroundDirection(ray.o, ray.d);\n    bg = textureLinear(backgroundMap, cartesianToEquirect(backgroundDirection));\n  }\n  else if (USE_BACKGROUND) {\n    bg = rtUniform.backgroundColor;\n  }\n  else if (USE_ENVMAP) {\n    bg = textureLinear(envMap, cartesianToEquirect(ray.d));\n  }\n  return bg;\n}\n\nfn sampleSpectralSceneBackground(ray: Ray, wavelength: f32) -> vec4f {\n  let bg = sampleSceneBackground(ray);\n  if (SPECTRAL) {\n    return vec4f(sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(bg.rgb, wavelength), bg.a);\n  }\n  return bg;\n}\n\nfn bounce(uv: vec2f, path: ptr<function, Path>, depth: ptr<function, i32>, si: ptr<function, SurfaceInteraction>, ma: ptr<function, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial>, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) {\n  samplingBounce = u32(max(*depth, 0));\n  let matType = (*ma).materialType;\n  let isShadowCatcher = matType == SHADOW_CATCHER;\n  if (isShadowCatcher) {\n    if ((*path).fromEye) {\n      (*si).hit = false;\n    }\n    else {\n      // The catcher only contributes to the separate shadow mask. Secondary\n      // rays must see the environment behind it instead of its default white\n      // material, otherwise it appears in reflections.\n      if (USE_ENVMAP) {\n        if ((*path).isNextRefraction) {\n          // A camera-visible transmitted ray can hit the invisible catcher\n          // before the grounded skybox. Preserve the displayed projection.\n          let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n            (*path).ray,\n            (*si).wavelength\n          );\n          let backgroundMisWeight = select(bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf,\n            envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d)) * rtUniform.envLightPmf),\n            1.0, (*path).scatteringIsDelta);\n          (*path).li += backgroundMisWeight * (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n          (*path).alpha = max((*path).alpha, bg.a);\n        }\n        else {\n          let envUv = cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d);\n          var emission = textureLinear(envMap, envUv).rgb;\n          if (SPECTRAL) {\n            emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, (*si).wavelength);\n          }\n          (*path).li += (*path).beta * emission *\n            bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf, envMapPdf(envUv));\n        }\n      }\n      else {\n        let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n          (*path).ray,\n          (*si).wavelength\n        );\n        (*path).li += (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      }\n      (*path).abort = true;\n      return;\n    }\n  }\n  if (!(*si).hit) {\n    // The spectral integrator traces red, green, and blue paths separately.\n    // Split background radiance by wavelength as well so the three paths\n    // reconstruct the skybox instead of adding three full RGB copies.\n    let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n      (*path).ray,\n      (*si).wavelength\n    );\n    if ((*path).fromEye) {\n      // Sample from background if first ray not hit anything.\n      (*path).li = (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n      (*path).alpha = bg.a;\n      // Only treat as blank pixels when the background is transparent\n      (*outAux).isBlank = bg.a < 0.001 ||\n        (USE_BACKGROUND && !USE_BACKGROUND_MAP);\n    }\n    else {\n      let cam = initCameraRay(uv);\n      let towardsCam = dot(cam.d, (*path).ray.d) > 0.0;\n      if (rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n        if (towardsCam) {\n          (*path).alpha = max((*path).alpha, bg.a);\n        } else {\n          (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n        }\n      }\n      if (!USE_ENVMAP) {\n        // A display background is not an illumination environment, but a\n        // visible secondary ray (e.g. through glass) still resolves it.\n        if (towardsCam) {\n          // This is a terminal BSDF-hit contribution, not a replacement for\n          // NEE accumulated at earlier vertices on the same path.\n          (*path).li += (*path).beta *\n            bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf, 1.0) * bg.rgb;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    (*path).abort = true;\n    return;\n  }\n\n  var sampleIgnored = false;\n  if ((matType == STANDARD || matType == UNLIT)) {\n    let alpha = clamp((*ma).alpha, 0.0, 1.0);\n    \n    if (alpha < 1.0) {\n      // Alpha is stochastic coverage. Keep accepted surface radiance at full\n      // weight instead of multiplying it by alpha a second time.\n      if (alpha <= 0.0 || hashedSample(3u) > alpha) {\n        sampleIgnored = true;\n      }\n    }\n    if (!sampleIgnored && rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0) {\n      // A selected stochastic coverage sample is fully covered. Ignored\n      // samples leave output alpha untouched and continue to the back layer.\n      let outputAlpha = max(1.0 - (*ma).transmissionWeight, 1.0 - pow(1.0 - rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin, f32(*depth)));\n      (*path).alpha = max(outputAlpha, (*path).alpha);\n    }\n    if (!sampleIgnored) {\n      bounceIndex = u32(max(*depth, 0));\n      SampleMaterial(si, ma, path);\n    }\n    else {\n      // Alpha-null traversal does not consume the receiver event. The first\n      // accepted surface behind it is still the receiver for NEE/AOVs.\n      (*path).ray.o = (*si).position + (*path).ray.d * EPS;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (!(*si).albedoSampled && !sampleIgnored) {\n    // Select denoising guides.\n    if ((matType == STANDARD || matType == UNLIT)) {\n      if (!((*ma).transmissionWeight > 0.5 ||\n        ((*ma).specularRoughness <= 0.02 && (*ma).baseMetalness > 0.98))) {\n        (*outAux).albedo = (*ma).baseColor;\n        (*outAux).normal = select(\n          (*si).normal,\n          -(*si).normal,\n          dot(\n            (*si).normal,\n            (*si).position - cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz\n          ) > 0.0\n        );\n        (*si).albedoSampled = true;\n      }\n      // TODO pick albedo and normal on the surface if ray is too deep and can't hit any rough or opaque surfaces.\n      if (*depth > 4) {\n        (*si).albedoSampled = true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Russian roulette with throughput compensation.\n  if (USE_RR) {\n    if (*depth >= RR_MAX && !sampleIgnored) {\n      let rouletteBeta = (*path).beta;\n      // Max-component survival (pbrt-v4) avoids over-amplifying saturated paths.\n      let maxComponent = max(max(rouletteBeta.x, rouletteBeta.y), rouletteBeta.z);\n      let q: f32 = max(0.0, 1.0 - maxComponent);\n      if (sample1D(bounceDim(RUSSIAN_ROULETTE)) < q) {\n        // TODO we force use alpha 1.0 here.\n        // To avoid the glass pixels is transparent even if it's on an opaque object.\n        (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n        (*path).abort = true;\n      }\n      else {\n        (*path).beta /= 1.0 - q;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  if ((*path).abort) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  intersectScene((*path).ray, si, *depth, true, (*path).isNextRefraction);\n  getMaterial(ma, (*si).materialIndex, (*si).uv, (*si).uv1, (*si).instanceIndex);\n\n  if (SPECTRAL) {\n    // Is glass\n    if ((*ma).transmissionWeight > 0.001) {\n      (*ma).specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n        (*si).wavelength,\n        (*ma).specularIor,\n        (*ma).transmissionDispersionScale,\n        (*ma).dispersionAbbeNumber\n      );\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (sampleIgnored) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Use light if hit the light\n  var lightSample: LightSampleRec;\n  let isAlphaOccluded = hashedSample(3u) < (*ma).alpha;\n  for (var i = 0; i < rtUniform.lightsCount; i++) {\n    // Fetch light Data\n    let light: Light = analyticLights[i];\n    let d = intersectLight((*path).ray, light, &lightSample);\n    lightSample.pdf *= light.selectionPmf;\n    let occluded = (*si).hit && d > distance((*si).position, (*path).ray.o);\n    if (d != INF && !(occluded && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n      let misWeight = bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf, lightSample.pdf);\n      if (SPECTRAL) {\n        lightSample.emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(lightSample.emission, (*si).wavelength);\n      }\n      (*path).li += misWeight * (*path).beta * lightSample.emission;\n      (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n      (*path).abort = true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (USE_ENVMAP) {\n    if (!((*si).hit && isAlphaOccluded)) {\n      if ((*path).isNextRefraction) {\n        // Camera-visible transmission follows the displayed background,\n        // including grounded projection. Other rays use the raw environment\n        // map as the physically sampled lighting source.\n        let bg = sampleSpectralSceneBackground(\n          (*path).ray,\n          (*si).wavelength\n        );\n        let backgroundMisWeight = select(bsdfMISWeight((*path).scatteringPdf,\n            envMapPdf(cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d)) * rtUniform.envLightPmf),\n            1.0, (*path).scatteringIsDelta);\n          (*path).li += backgroundMisWeight * (*path).beta * bg.rgb * bg.a;\n        (*path).alpha = max((*path).alpha, bg.a);\n        (*path).abort = true;\n        return;\n      }\n      let _uv = cartesianToEquirect((*path).ray.d);\n      var emission = textureLinear(envMap, _uv).rgb;\n      let misWeight = bsdfMISWeight(\n        (*path).scatteringPdf,\n        envMapPdf(_uv) * rtUniform.envLightPmf\n      );\n      if (SPECTRAL) {\n        emission = sampling_spectral_rgb_filter(emission, (*si).wavelength);\n      }\n      // TODO force the min alpha to be 1 when showing envmap as background\n      if (!USE_BACKGROUND) {\n        (*path).alpha = 1.0;\n      }\n      (*path).li += (*path).beta * emission * misWeight;\n      (*path).abort = true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  *depth = *depth + 1;\n}\n\nfn initCameraRay(coord: vec2f) -> Ray {\n  let origin = cameraUniform.viewProjectionInv * vec4f(coord * 2.0 - 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);\n  let center = cameraUniform.viewProjectionInv * vec4f(coord * 2.0 - 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n  var cam: Ray;\n  initRay(&cam, origin.xyz / origin.w, normalize(center.xyz * origin.w - origin.xyz * center.w));\n\n  return cam;\n}\n\n\nfn bevelCubicSample(radius: f32, xi: f32) -> vec2f {\n  var x = 0.25;\n  for (var iteration = 0; iteration < 10; iteration++) {\n    let x2 = x * x;\n    let x3 = x2 * x;\n    let oneMinusX = 1.0 - x;\n    let value = 10.0 * x2 - 20.0 * x3 + 15.0 * x2 * x2 -\n      4.0 * x2 * x3 - xi;\n    let derivative = 20.0 * x * oneMinusX * oneMinusX * oneMinusX;\n    if (abs(value) < 1e-6 || derivative == 0.0) { break; }\n    x = clamp(x - value / derivative, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n  let diskRadius = x * radius;\n  return vec2f(diskRadius, sqrt(max(radius * radius - diskRadius * diskRadius, 0.0)));\n}\n\nfn bevelCubicPdf(radius: f32, distanceToSource: f32) -> f32 {\n  if (distanceToSource >= radius) { return 0.0; }\n  let falloff = radius - distanceToSource;\n  return falloff * falloff * falloff;\n}\n\n// Shader bevel. Usage: docs/materials.md (Renderer extensions)\nfn getBevelNormal(source: SurfaceInteraction, radius: f32) -> vec3f {\n  var geometricNormal = source.faceNormal;\n  if (dot(geometricNormal, source.vertexNormal) < 0.0) {\n    geometricNormal = -geometricNormal;\n  }\n  var tangent: vec3f;\n  var bitangent: vec3f;\n  sampling_orthonormal_basis(geometricNormal, &tangent, &bitangent);\n  var normalSum = vec3f(0.0);\n\n  for (var sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < BEVEL_SAMPLES; sampleIndex++) {\n    let bevelRnd = sample2D(CAMERA_BEVEL_BASE + u32(sampleIndex));\n    var axisSample = bevelRnd.x;\n    let radialSample = bevelRnd.y;\n    var diskNormal = geometricNormal;\n    var diskTangent = tangent;\n    var diskBitangent = bitangent;\n    var pickPdfNormal = 0.5;\n    var pickPdfTangent = 0.25;\n    var pickPdfBitangent = 0.25;\n    if (axisSample < 0.5) {\n      axisSample *= 2.0;\n    }\n    else if (axisSample < 0.75) {\n      let swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskTangent;\n      diskTangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfTangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.5) * 4.0;\n    }\n    else {\n      let swapAxis = diskNormal;\n      diskNormal = diskBitangent;\n      diskBitangent = swapAxis;\n      pickPdfNormal = 0.25;\n      pickPdfBitangent = 0.5;\n      axisSample = (axisSample - 0.75) * 4.0;\n    }\n\n    let diskSample = bevelCubicSample(radius, radialSample);\n    let phi = TWOPI * axisSample;\n    let diskOffset = diskSample.x *\n      (cos(phi) * diskTangent + sin(phi) * diskBitangent);\n    var ray: Ray;\n    initRay(\n      &ray,\n      source.position + diskNormal * diskSample.y + diskOffset,\n      -diskNormal\n    );\n    var hit: SurfaceInteraction;\n    intersectSceneBevel(\n      ray,\n      &hit,\n      source.instanceIndex,\n      max(2.0 * diskSample.y, EPS)\n    );\n    if (!hit.hit) { continue; }\n\n    let pdfNormal = pickPdfNormal * abs(dot(diskNormal, hit.faceNormal));\n    let pdfTangent = pickPdfTangent * abs(dot(diskTangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    let pdfBitangent = pickPdfBitangent * abs(dot(diskBitangent, hit.faceNormal));\n    var weight = pdfNormal / max(\n      pdfNormal * pdfNormal + pdfTangent * pdfTangent +\n        pdfBitangent * pdfBitangent,\n      1e-8\n    );\n    weight *= bevelCubicPdf(radius, distance(hit.position, source.position)) /\n      max(bevelCubicPdf(radius, diskSample.x), 1e-8);\n    normalSum += weight * hit.vertexNormal;\n  }\n\n  if (dot(normalSum, normalSum) <= 1e-12) { return source.normal; }\n  let bevelVertexNormal = normalize(normalSum);\n  let result = source.normal + bevelVertexNormal - source.vertexNormal;\n  if (dot(result, result) > 1e-12) { return normalize(result); }\n  return source.normal;\n}\n\nfn integrateOnePathSample(uv: vec2f, si: ptr<function, SurfaceInteraction>, ray: Ray, ma: ptr<function, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial>, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) -> vec4f {\n  var path: Path;\n  path.ray = ray;\n  path.li = vec3f(0.0);\n  path.alpha = select(1.0, 0.0, rtUniform.transmissiveOutputAlphaMin < 1.0);\n  path.beta = vec3f(1.0);\n  path.fromEye = true;\n  path.scatteringPdf = 0.0;\n  path.scatteringIsDelta = false;\n  path.isNextRefraction = false;\n  path.abort = false;\n\n  let isNotTransparent = (*ma).transmissionWeight < 0.001 && (*ma).subsurfaceWeight < 0.001 && (*ma).alpha > 0.99;\n  let bounceLimit = max(rtUniform.bounces, 0);\n  var depth = 0;\n  // Transparent paths may take up to three times the configured bounces.\n  for (var idx: i32 = 0; idx < min(bounceLimit * 3, ${MAX_PATH_EVENTS}); idx = idx + 1) {\n    if (isNotTransparent && idx > bounceLimit) {\n      path.abort = true;\n    }\n    if (path.abort) {\n      break;\n    }\n    bounce(uv, &path, &depth, si, ma, outAux);\n  }\n\n  return vec4f(path.li, path.alpha);\n}\n\nfn integrateOnePath(uv: vec2f, si: ptr<function, SurfaceInteraction>, ray: Ray, ma: ptr<function, OpenPbrResolvedMaterial>, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) -> vec4f {\n  ${deterministicPrimaryAlpha ? /* wgsl */ `let coverage = clamp((*ma).alpha, 0.0, 1.0);\n  if (!(*si).hit || ((*ma).materialType != STANDARD && (*ma).materialType != UNLIT) || coverage >= 1.0) {\n    return integrateOnePathSample(uv, si, ray, ma, outAux);\n  }\n\n  // glTF BLEND is source-over opacity, not a physical glass boundary. Split\n  // the primary ray so reflected radiance is attenuated by alpha every sample\n  // while the complementary branch continues straight to the scene behind it.\n  // Secondary alpha hits remain stochastic to avoid exponential path growth.\n  var backRay = ray;\n  backRay.o = (*si).position + ray.d * (EPS * 0.02);\n  var backSi = *si;\n  backSi.albedoSampled = false;\n  intersectScene(backRay, &backSi, 0, false, false);\n  var backMa: OpenPbrResolvedMaterial;\n  getMaterial(&backMa, backSi.materialIndex, backSi.uv, backSi.uv1, backSi.instanceIndex);\n  var backAux = *outAux;\n  if (backSi.hit && backMa.materialType == STANDARD) {\n    backAux.albedo = select(\n      backMa.baseColor,\n      vec3f(1.0),\n      backMa.transmissionWeight > 0.5\n    );\n    backAux.normal = select(\n      backSi.normal,\n      -backSi.normal,\n      dot(\n        backSi.normal,\n        backSi.position - cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz\n      ) > 0.0\n    );\n    backSi.albedoSampled = backMa.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n  }\n  let back = integrateOnePathSample(\n    uv, &backSi, backRay, &backMa, &backAux\n  );\n  if (coverage <= 0.0) {\n    *outAux = backAux;\n    return back;\n  }\n\n  var frontSi = *si;\n  var frontMa = *ma;\n  frontMa.alpha = 1.0;\n  var frontAux = *outAux;\n  let front = integrateOnePathSample(\n    uv, &frontSi, ray, &frontMa, &frontAux\n  );\n  (*outAux).albedo = mix(backAux.albedo, frontAux.albedo, coverage);\n  let blendedNormal = mix(backAux.normal, frontAux.normal, coverage);\n  (*outAux).normal = select(\n    vec3f(0.0),\n    normalize(blendedNormal),\n    dot(blendedNormal, blendedNormal) > 1e-12\n  );\n  (*outAux).isBlank = backAux.isBlank && frontAux.isBlank;\n  (*outAux).isShadowCatcher = backAux.isShadowCatcher && frontAux.isShadowCatcher;\n  return mix(back, front, coverage);` : /* wgsl */ `return integrateOnePathSample(uv, si, ray, ma, outAux);`}\n}\n\n// Path tracing integrator as described in\n// http://www.pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Light_Transport_I_Surface_Reflection/Path_Tracing.html#\nfn integrator(uv: vec2f, ray: Ray, outAux: ptr<function, RayTraceAuxiliary>) -> vec4f {\n  var si: SurfaceInteraction;\n  var ma: OpenPbrResolvedMaterial;\n  si.albedoSampled = false;\n  si.mediumType = 0;\n  si.mediumExtinction = vec3f(0.0);\n  si.mediumScattering = vec3f(0.0);\n  si.mediumAnisotropy = 0.0;\n  si.barycentrics = vec2f(0.0);\n\n  // TODO not put tMax in ray. So we don't need to use pointer of ray here.\n  intersectScene(ray, &si, 0, false, false);\n  getMaterial(&ma, si.materialIndex, si.uv, si.uv1, si.instanceIndex);\n\n  if (ma.materialType == SHADOW_CATCHER) {\n    (*outAux).isShadowCatcher = true;\n    // The composed denoising input includes this receiver's shadow. Supply\n    // neutral reflectance and its shading normal, independent of visibility.\n    (*outAux).albedo = vec3f(1.0);\n    (*outAux).normal = select(si.normal, -si.normal, dot(si.normal, ray.d) > 0.0);\n    var path: Path;\n    path.ray = ray;\n    path.fromEye = true;\n    sampleShadowCatcher(si, 0, &path);\n    // RGB stores primary catcher coverage independently from the stochastic\n    // visibility in alpha. Composition uses this raw coverage to clip any\n    // shadow-mask denoising bleed at model silhouettes.\n    return vec4f(vec3f(1.0), path.alpha);\n  }\n  else {\n    if (HAS_BEVEL && rtUniform.bevel != 0) {\n      if (ma.bevel > 0.0) {\n        si.normal = getBevelNormal(si, ma.bevel);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Store a clean first-hit fallback. Glass retains this stable guide;\n    // other delta paths may replace it at their first non-delta hit.\n    if (si.hit && (ma.materialType == STANDARD || ma.materialType == UNLIT)) {\n      (*outAux).albedo = select(ma.baseColor, vec3f(1.0), ma.transmissionWeight > 0.5);\n      (*outAux).normal = select(\n        si.normal,\n        -si.normal,\n        dot(si.normal, si.position - cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz) > 0.0\n      );\n\n      // Do not replace a glass guide with a randomly selected downstream\n      // refraction/reflection hit; OIDN auxiliary features must stay clean.\n      si.albedoSampled = ma.transmissionWeight > 0.5;\n    }\n\n    (*outAux).isShadowCatcher = false;\n\n    if (SPECTRAL) {\n      // Keep one source-level integrateOnePath call for both interactive\n      // preview and offline RGB splitting. A runtime loop bound prevents the\n      // WGSL compiler from cloning the full path graph three times while the\n      // uniform still selects the exact existing preview/offline behavior.\n      let rgbWaveLengths = array<f32, 3>(650.0, 510.0, 475.0);\n      var colAccum = vec3f(0.0);\n      var alpha = 0.0;\n      var accumulatedGuideAlbedo = vec3f(0.0);\n      var accumulatedGuideNormal = vec3f(0.0);\n      var allBlank = true;\n      var si2 = si;\n      var ma2 = ma;\n      let wavelengthRngState = s0;\n      let wavelengthHashedCounter = hashedCounter;\n      let singleWavelength = rtUniform.dispersionWavelengths == 1;\n      let dispersivePrimary = si.hit &&\n        ma.transmissionWeight > 0.001 &&\n        ma.transmissionDispersionScale > 0.001;\n      let wavelengthCount = select(3, 1, singleWavelength);\n      var heroWavelengthIndex = 0;\n      if (singleWavelength && dispersivePrimary) {\n        // Stochastic hero wavelength: one RGB channel per pixel keeps the\n        // preview spectral at one-third of the full three-path cost.\n        heroWavelengthIndex = min(i32(floor(sample1D(CAMERA_WAVELENGTH) * 3.0)), 2);\n      }\n      for (var i = 0; i < wavelengthCount; i++) {\n        // Common random numbers keep Monte Carlo error correlated between\n        // RGB wavelengths. This removes much of the colored variance that\n        // otherwise turns into dirty chromatic patches after OIDN.\n        if (!singleWavelength) {\n          s0 = wavelengthRngState;\n          hashedCounter = wavelengthHashedCounter;\n          samplingBounce = 0u;\n        }\n        si.wavelength = 0.0;\n        if (!singleWavelength || dispersivePrimary) {\n          si.wavelength = rgbWaveLengths[select(i, heroWavelengthIndex, singleWavelength)];\n          ma.specularIor = sampling_cauchy_ior(\n            si.wavelength,\n            ma.specularIor,\n            ma.transmissionDispersionScale,\n            ma.dispersionAbbeNumber\n          );\n        }\n        var wavelengthAux: RayTraceAuxiliary;\n        if (singleWavelength) {\n          wavelengthAux = *outAux;\n        } else {\n          wavelengthAux.albedo = (*outAux).albedo;\n          wavelengthAux.normal = (*outAux).normal;\n          wavelengthAux.isBlank = false;\n          wavelengthAux.isShadowCatcher = false;\n        }\n        let res = integrateOnePath(uv, &si, ray, &ma, &wavelengthAux);\n        if (singleWavelength) {\n          *outAux = wavelengthAux;\n          let scale = select(1.0, 3.0, dispersivePrimary);\n          return vec4f(res.rgb * scale, res.a);\n        }\n        colAccum += res.rgb;\n        alpha = max(alpha, res.a);\n        accumulatedGuideAlbedo += wavelengthAux.albedo;\n        accumulatedGuideNormal += wavelengthAux.normal;\n        allBlank = allBlank && wavelengthAux.isBlank;\n        si = si2;\n        ma = ma2;\n      }\n      (*outAux).albedo = accumulatedGuideAlbedo / 3.0;\n      (*outAux).normal = accumulatedGuideNormal / 3.0;\n      (*outAux).isBlank = allBlank;\n      return vec4f(colAccum, alpha);\n    }\n    else {\n      return integrateOnePath(uv, &si, ray, &ma, outAux);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfn sampleCircle(ip: vec2f) -> vec2f {\n  let p = 2.0 * ip - 1.0;\n  let greater = abs(p.x) > abs(p.y);\n  let r = select(p.y, p.x, greater);\n  let theta = select(PI * (0.5 - 0.25 * p.x / p.y), 0.25 * PI * p.y / p.x, greater);\n  return r * vec2f(cos(theta), sin(theta));\n}\n\n\n@compute @workgroup_size(${WORKGROUP_SIZE}, ${WORKGROUP_SIZE}, 1)\nfn main(@builtin(global_invocation_id) globalId: vec3u) {\n  let outputSize = rtUniform.outputSize;\n  let scaleOffset = rtUniform.scaleOffset;\n  var jitter = rtUniform.jitter;\n  // TODO if outputSize is not multiple of 8?\n  let coord = globalId.xy * vec2u(scaleOffset.xy) + vec2u(scaleOffset.zw);\n  if (coord.x >= u32(outputSize.x) || coord.y >= u32(outputSize.y)) {\n    return;\n  }\n  let idx = coord.x + coord.y * u32(outputSize.x);\n\n  if (\n    rtUniform.adaptiveSampling != 0 &&\n    outNormal[idx].a >= textureLoad(\n      adaptiveSampleTargets,\n      vec2i(coord),\n      0\n    ).r\n  ) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Match WebGL's rasterized v_Texcoord, whose sample is at the center of\n  // each pixel. Keeping the same origin is material relevant: a half-pixel\n  // shift moves a narrow metal highlight across several pixels.\n  let uv = (vec2<f32>(f32(coord.x), f32(coord.y)) + vec2f(0.5)) / outputSize;\n\n  samplingPixel = coord;\n  pixelSampleIndex = u32(outNormal[idx].a) + rtUniform.sampleSequenceOffset;\n  samplingBounce = 0u; hashedCounter = 0u;\n  if (SAMPLING_PATTERN == 0 || SAMPLING_PATTERN == 1) {\n    jitter = (sample2D(CAMERA_PIXEL) - 0.5) / outputSize;\n  }\n  rng_initialize(coord, i32(pixelSampleIndex ^ sampleHash(rtUniform.sequenceSeed)));\n  var cam = initCameraRay(uv + jitter);\n\n  if (cameraUniform.apertureRadius > 0.0) {\n    // Thin lens: the focus plane is perpendicular to the view direction.\n    let eye = cameraUniform.viewInv[3].xyz;\n    let forward = -normalize(cameraUniform.viewInv[2].xyz);\n    let focusPoint = eye + cam.d * (cameraUniform.focusDistance / dot(cam.d, forward));\n    let lensPoint = cameraUniform.apertureRadius * sampleCircle(sample2D(CAMERA_LENS));\n    let origin = (cameraUniform.viewInv * vec4f(lensPoint, 0.0, 1.0)).xyz;\n    let dir = normalize(focusPoint - origin);\n    initRay(&cam, origin, dir);\n  }\n\n  var outAux: RayTraceAuxiliary;\n  outAux.albedo = vec3f(0.0);\n  outAux.normal = vec3f(0.0);\n  outAux.isBlank = false;\n  outAux.isShadowCatcher = false;\n  var liAndAlpha = integrator(uv + jitter, cam, &outAux);\n\n  // Clamp at Integration Level to reduce fireflies.\n  // TODO Path level configuration?\n  if (rtUniform.clamping > 0.0) {\n    let clamping = rtUniform.clamping;\n    liAndAlpha = vec4(clamp(liAndAlpha.rgb, -vec3f(clamping), vec3f(clamping)), liAndAlpha.a);\n  }\n  if (!(liAndAlpha.x < INF && liAndAlpha.x > -EPS)) {\n    liAndAlpha = vec4f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n  }\n\n  if (outAux.isShadowCatcher) {\n    // The catcher is invisible, so the main color at this pixel must still\n    // contain whatever the camera ray would have seen behind it.\n    let backgroundSample = sampleSceneBackground(cam);\n    let backgroundHit = select(0.0, 1.0, backgroundSample.a >= 0.01);\n    let backgroundPremultiplied = vec4f(backgroundSample.rgb * backgroundSample.a, backgroundSample.a);\n    // Keep the background contribution separate from geometry at silhouettes.\n    // mask: catcher coverage, background alpha, background hits, shadow opacity.\n    outShadowCatcher[idx].mask += vec4f(1.0, backgroundSample.a, backgroundHit, liAndAlpha.a);\n    outShadowCatcher[idx].background += backgroundPremultiplied;\n    outColor[idx] += backgroundPremultiplied;\n    outAlbedo[idx] += vec4f(outAux.albedo, backgroundHit);\n    accumulateNormalOrVariance(idx, backgroundSample.rgb, outAux.normal);\n    // The composed catcher is the background darkened by the shadow. Over a\n    // transparent background the shadow is only its opacity.\n    let visibility = 1.0 - liAndAlpha.a;\n    accumulateDenoiseMoments(idx, visibility * select(\n      1.0, dot(backgroundSample.rgb, luminance), backgroundSample.a >= 0.01\n    ));\n  }\n  else {\n    outColor[idx] += liAndAlpha;\n    outAlbedo[idx] += vec4f(outAux.albedo, select(1.0, 0.0, outAux.isBlank));\n    accumulateNormalOrVariance(idx, liAndAlpha.rgb, outAux.normal);\n    accumulateDenoiseMoments(idx, dot(liAndAlpha.rgb, luminance));\n  }\n}\n`;\n  // The query entry point shares the exact BVH and material implementation.\n  // It has no effect on the beauty entry point or its bindings.\n  // Gate optional material layers on scene-level feature flags so drivers can\n  // skip the unused BSDF lobes.\n  let specializedSource = source + depthQueryWGSL;\n  const backgroundBits: Record<string, number> = {\n    USE_BACKGROUND: 1,\n    USE_BACKGROUND_MAP: 2,\n    USE_GROUNDED_BACKGROUND: 4\n  };\n  specializedSource = specializedSource.replace(\n    /\\b(?:USE_BACKGROUND|USE_BACKGROUND_MAP|USE_GROUNDED_BACKGROUND)\\b/g,\n    (name) => `((rtUniform.backgroundFlags & ${backgroundBits[name]}) != 0)`\n  );\n  specializedSource = specializedSource.replace(\n    new RegExp(`\\\\b(?:${Object.keys(WGPU_SCENE_FEATURE_BITS).join('|')})\\\\b`, 'g'),\n    name => `((rtUniform.sceneFeatureFlags & ${WGPU_SCENE_FEATURE_BITS[name]}u) != 0u)`\n  );\n  return specializedSource;\n}\n"]}

package/lib/util/fromTHREE.d.ts

@@ -42,8 +42,12 @@ export interface THREEControls {
     removeEventListener(type: 'start' | 'end', listener: () => void): void;
     target?: THREE.Vector3;
     enableDamping?: boolean;
+    /** Damping per 60 Hz frame; synchronization adjusts it for elapsed time. Default undefined uses the control's own timing. */
+    dampingFactor?: number;
     autoRotate?: boolean;
     enabled?: boolean;
+    /** Optional OrbitControls polar-angle accessor. Default undefined. */ getPolarAngle?(): number;
+    /** Optional OrbitControls azimuthal-angle accessor. Default undefined. */ getAzimuthalAngle?(): number;
 }
 /** Three.js sources synchronized on each tick. */
 export interface THREESyncOptions extends FromTHREESceneOptions {
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ export declare class THREESync extends Sync {
     private _started;
     private _cameraState;
     private _lastUpdate?;
+    private _idleControlsState?;
     private _start;
     private _end;
     /** Subscribes to controls without converting sources or modifying the engine. */