@mastra/pg 1.23.0-alpha.0 → 1.23.0-alpha.2

package/dist/index.js

@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ import { skillSnapshotFieldValuesEqual } from "@mastra/core/storage/domains/skil
 * Type guard for pre-configured pg.Pool config
 */
 const isPoolConfig = (cfg) => {
-	return "pool" in cfg;
+	return "pool" in cfg && cfg.pool !== void 0;
+};
+/** Type guard for an explicitly named pre-configured writer pool. */
+const isWritePoolConfig = (cfg) => {
+	return "writePool" in cfg && cfg.writePool !== void 0;
 };
 /**
 * Type guard for connection string config
@@ -45,10 +49,8 @@ const isCloudSqlConfig = (cfg) => {
 */
 const validateConfig = (name, config) => {
 	if (!config.id || typeof config.id !== "string" || config.id.trim() === "") throw new Error(`${name}: id must be provided and cannot be empty.`);
-	if (isPoolConfig(config)) {
-		if (!config.pool) throw new Error(`${name}: pool must be provided when using pool config.`);
-		return;
-	}
+	if ("pool" in config && "writePool" in config) throw new Error(`${name}: provide either pool or writePool, not both.`);
+	if (isPoolConfig(config) || isWritePoolConfig(config)) return;
 	if (isConnectionStringConfig(config)) {
 		if (!config.connectionString || typeof config.connectionString !== "string" || config.connectionString.trim() === "") throw new Error(`${name}: connectionString must be provided and cannot be empty. Passing an empty string may cause fallback to local Postgres defaults.`);
 	} else if (isCloudSqlConfig(config)) {} else if (isHostConfig(config)) {
@@ -2359,16 +2361,21 @@ async function loadSchemaSnapshot(client, schemaName) {
 function resolvePgConfig(config) {
 	if ("client" in config) return {
 		client: config.client,
+		readClient: config.readClient ?? config.client,
 		schemaName: config.schemaName,
 		skipDefaultIndexes: config.skipDefaultIndexes,
 		indexes: config.indexes
 	};
-	if ("pool" in config) return {
-		client: new PoolAdapter(config.pool),
-		schemaName: config.schemaName,
-		skipDefaultIndexes: config.skipDefaultIndexes,
-		indexes: config.indexes
-	};
+	if ("pool" in config) {
+		const client = new PoolAdapter(config.pool);
+		return {
+			client,
+			readClient: config.readPool && config.readPool !== config.pool ? new PoolAdapter(config.readPool) : client,
+			schemaName: config.schemaName,
+			skipDefaultIndexes: config.skipDefaultIndexes,
+			indexes: config.indexes
+		};
+	}
 	let pool;
 	if ("connectionString" in config) pool = new Pool({
 		connectionString: config.connectionString,
@@ -2385,8 +2392,10 @@ function resolvePgConfig(config) {
 	pool.on("error", (err) => {
 		console.warn(`resolvePgConfig: idle pool client error (pool discards the client and reconnects on next checkout): ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`);
 	});
+	const client = new PoolAdapter(pool);
 	return {
-		client: new PoolAdapter(pool),
+		client,
+		readClient: client,
 		schemaName: config.schemaName,
 		skipDefaultIndexes: config.skipDefaultIndexes,
 		indexes: config.indexes
@@ -2594,6 +2603,7 @@ function assertPositiveLimit(limit) {
 }
 var PgDB = class extends MastraBase {
 	client;
+	readClient;
 	schemaName;
 	skipDefaultIndexes;
 	/** Cache of actual table columns: tableName -> Set<columnName> */
@@ -2606,6 +2616,7 @@ var PgDB = class extends MastraBase {
 			name: "PG_DB_LAYER"
 		});
 		this.client = config.client;
+		this.readClient = config.readClient ?? config.client;
 		this.schemaName = config.schemaName;
 		this.skipDefaultIndexes = config.skipDefaultIndexes;
 	}
@@ -3861,9 +3872,10 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_AGENTS, TABLE_AGENT_VERSIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -4122,12 +4134,19 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 		};
 	}
 	async getById(id) {
+		return this.#getById(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getById(client, id) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_AGENTS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -4212,7 +4231,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_AGENTS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			if (!await this.getById(id)) throw new MastraError({
+			if (!await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id)) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_AGENT", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
 				category: ErrorCategory.USER,
@@ -4250,7 +4269,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 			values.push(now);
 			values.push(id);
 			await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			const updatedAgent = await this.getById(id);
+			const updatedAgent = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!updatedAgent) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_AGENT", "NOT_FOUND_AFTER_UPDATE"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -4347,7 +4366,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 			const joinClause = useJoin && joinSqlIdx !== null ? `LEFT JOIN ${favoritesTable} s ON s."entityType" = 'agent' AND s."entityId" = a.id AND s."userId" = $${joinSqlIdx}` : "";
 			const joinParams = useJoin && joinUserId ? [joinUserId] : [];
 			const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} a ${joinClause} ${whereClause}`, [...joinParams, ...queryParams]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} a ${joinClause} ${whereClause}`, [...joinParams, ...queryParams]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				agents: [],
@@ -4365,7 +4384,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 			const limitIdx = paramIdx++;
 			const offsetIdx = paramIdx++;
 			return {
-				agents: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT a.* FROM ${tableName} a ${joinClause} ${whereClause} ${orderByClause} LIMIT $${limitIdx} OFFSET $${offsetIdx}`, [
+				agents: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT a.* FROM ${tableName} a ${joinClause} ${whereClause} ${orderByClause} LIMIT $${limitIdx} OFFSET $${offsetIdx}`, [
 					...joinParams,
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
@@ -4465,7 +4484,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_AGENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -4486,7 +4505,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
 			const placeholders = ids.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`).join(", ");
-			return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id IN (${placeholders})`, ids)).map((row) => this.parseVersionRow(row));
+			return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id IN (${placeholders})`, ids)).map((row) => this.parseVersionRow(row));
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -4503,7 +4522,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_AGENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [agentId, versionNumber]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [agentId, versionNumber]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -4525,7 +4544,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_AGENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [agentId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [agentId]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -4554,7 +4573,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_AGENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1`, [agentId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1`, [agentId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -4565,7 +4584,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					agentId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -4635,7 +4654,7 @@ var AgentsPG = class AgentsPG extends AgentsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_AGENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1`, [agentId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "agentId" = $1`, [agentId]);
 			return parseInt(result.count, 10);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
@@ -4892,9 +4911,10 @@ var BackgroundTasksPG = class BackgroundTasksPG extends BackgroundTasksStorage {
 	} };
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -5146,7 +5166,7 @@ var BackgroundTasksPG = class BackgroundTasksPG extends BackgroundTasksStorage {
 			params.push(filter.toDate.toISOString());
 		}
 		const where = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-		const countResult = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${table} ${where}`, params.slice(0, paramIdx - 1));
+		const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${table} ${where}`, params.slice(0, paramIdx - 1));
 		const total = Number(countResult?.count ?? 0);
 		let sql = `SELECT * FROM ${table} ${where} ORDER BY ${filter.orderBy === "startedAt" ? "\"startedAt\"" : filter.orderBy === "suspendedAt" ? "\"suspendedAt\"" : filter.orderBy === "completedAt" ? "\"completedAt\"" : "\"createdAt\""} ${filter.orderDirection === "desc" ? "DESC" : "ASC"}`;
 		if (filter.perPage != null) {
@@ -5158,7 +5178,7 @@ var BackgroundTasksPG = class BackgroundTasksPG extends BackgroundTasksStorage {
 			}
 		}
 		return {
-			tasks: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(sql, params)).map(rowToTask),
+			tasks: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(sql, params)).map(rowToTask),
 			total
 		};
 	}
@@ -5195,12 +5215,12 @@ var BackgroundTasksPG = class BackgroundTasksPG extends BackgroundTasksStorage {
 	}
 	async getRunningCount() {
 		const table = getTableName$4(getSchemaName$4(this.#schema));
-		const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${table} WHERE "status" = 'running'`);
+		const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${table} WHERE "status" = 'running'`);
 		return Number(result?.count ?? 0);
 	}
 	async getRunningCountByAgent(agentId) {
 		const table = getTableName$4(getSchemaName$4(this.#schema));
-		const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${table} WHERE "status" = 'running' AND "agent_id" = $1`, [agentId]);
+		const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${table} WHERE "status" = 'running' AND "agent_id" = $1`, [agentId]);
 		return Number(result?.count ?? 0);
 	}
 };
@@ -5212,9 +5232,10 @@ var BlobsPG = class extends BlobStore {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_SKILL_BLOBS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -5256,7 +5277,7 @@ var BlobsPG = class extends BlobStore {
 			indexName: TABLE_SKILL_BLOBS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "hash" = $1`, [hash]);
+		const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "hash" = $1`, [hash]);
 		if (!row) return null;
 		return this.#parseRow(row);
 	}
@@ -5265,7 +5286,7 @@ var BlobsPG = class extends BlobStore {
 			indexName: TABLE_SKILL_BLOBS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		return await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT 1 FROM ${tableName} WHERE "hash" = $1 LIMIT 1`, [hash]) !== null;
+		return await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT 1 FROM ${tableName} WHERE "hash" = $1 LIMIT 1`, [hash]) !== null;
 	}
 	async delete(hash) {
 		const tableName = getTableName$5({
@@ -5286,7 +5307,7 @@ var BlobsPG = class extends BlobStore {
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
 		const placeholders = hashes.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`).join(", ");
-		const rows = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "hash" IN (${placeholders})`, hashes);
+		const rows = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "hash" IN (${placeholders})`, hashes);
 		for (const row of rows) {
 			const entry = this.#parseRow(row);
 			result.set(entry.hash, entry);
@@ -5316,9 +5337,10 @@ var ChannelsPG = class ChannelsPG extends ChannelsStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_CHANNEL_INSTALLATIONS, TABLE_CHANNEL_CONFIG];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -5425,7 +5447,7 @@ var ChannelsPG = class ChannelsPG extends ChannelsStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_CHANNEL_INSTALLATIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1`, [id]);
+		const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1`, [id]);
 		return row ? this.#parseInstallationRow(row) : null;
 	}
 	async getInstallationByAgent(platform, agentId) {
@@ -5433,7 +5455,7 @@ var ChannelsPG = class ChannelsPG extends ChannelsStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_CHANNEL_INSTALLATIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "platform" = $1 AND "agentId" = $2 ORDER BY CASE "status" WHEN 'active' THEN 0 WHEN 'pending' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END, "updatedAt" DESC LIMIT 1`, [platform, agentId]);
+		const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "platform" = $1 AND "agentId" = $2 ORDER BY CASE "status" WHEN 'active' THEN 0 WHEN 'pending' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END, "updatedAt" DESC LIMIT 1`, [platform, agentId]);
 		return row ? this.#parseInstallationRow(row) : null;
 	}
 	async getInstallationByWebhookId(webhookId) {
@@ -5441,7 +5463,7 @@ var ChannelsPG = class ChannelsPG extends ChannelsStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_CHANNEL_INSTALLATIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "webhookId" = $1`, [webhookId]);
+		const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "webhookId" = $1`, [webhookId]);
 		return row ? this.#parseInstallationRow(row) : null;
 	}
 	async listInstallations(platform) {
@@ -5449,7 +5471,7 @@ var ChannelsPG = class ChannelsPG extends ChannelsStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_CHANNEL_INSTALLATIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "platform" = $1 ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC`, [platform])).map((row) => this.#parseInstallationRow(row));
+		return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "platform" = $1 ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC`, [platform])).map((row) => this.#parseInstallationRow(row));
 	}
 	async deleteInstallation(id) {
 		const tableName = getTableName$5({
@@ -5481,7 +5503,7 @@ var ChannelsPG = class ChannelsPG extends ChannelsStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_CHANNEL_CONFIG,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "platform" = $1`, [platform]);
+		const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "platform" = $1`, [platform]);
 		if (!row) return null;
 		return {
 			platform: row.platform,
@@ -5529,9 +5551,10 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 	];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -5792,7 +5815,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 			};
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (input.id !== void 0 && hasErrorCode(error, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["23505"]))) {
-				const existing = await this.getDatasetById({ id: input.id });
+				const existing = await this.#getDatasetById(this.#db.client, { id: input.id });
 				if (existing) return this.resolveExistingDataset(existing, {
 					...input,
 					id: input.id
@@ -5806,7 +5829,20 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 			}, error);
 		}
 	}
-	async getDatasetById({ id, filters }) {
+	async getDatasetById(args) {
+		return this.#getDatasetById(this.#db.readClient, args);
+	}
+	getDatasetForMutation(args) {
+		return this.#getDatasetById(this.#db.client, args);
+	}
+	listItemsForMutation(args) {
+		return this.#listItems(this.#db.client, args);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getDatasetById(client, { id, filters }) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_DATASETS,
@@ -5814,7 +5850,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 			});
 			const { conditions, params } = tenancyWhere(filters, 2);
 			const whereSql = ["\"id\" = $1", ...conditions].join(" AND ");
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereSql}`, [id, ...params]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereSql}`, [id, ...params]);
 			return result ? this.transformDatasetRow(result) : null;
 		} catch (error) {
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -5826,7 +5862,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 	}
 	async _doUpdateDataset(args) {
 		try {
-			const existing = await this.getDatasetById({
+			const existing = await this.#getDatasetById(this.#db.client, {
 				id: args.id,
 				filters: args.filters
 			});
@@ -5998,7 +6034,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 				}
 			}
 			const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				datasets: [],
@@ -6013,7 +6049,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 			const { offset, perPage: perPageForResponse } = calculatePagination(page, perPageInput, perPage);
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				datasets: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "id" ASC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
+				datasets: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "id" ASC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -6117,7 +6153,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 	}
 	async _doUpdateItem(args) {
 		try {
-			const existing = await this.getItemById({ id: args.id });
+			const existing = await this.#getItemById(this.#db.client, { id: args.id });
 			if (!existing) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_ITEM", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -6223,7 +6259,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 	}
 	async _doDeleteItem({ id, datasetId }) {
 		try {
-			const existing = await this.getItemById({ id });
+			const existing = await this.#getItemById(this.#db.client, { id });
 			if (!existing) return;
 			if (existing.datasetId !== datasetId) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "DELETE_ITEM", "DATASET_MISMATCH"),
@@ -6390,7 +6426,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 	}
 	async _doBatchDeleteItems(input) {
 		try {
-			const dataset = await this.getDatasetById({ id: input.datasetId });
+			const dataset = await this.#getDatasetById(this.#db.client, { id: input.datasetId });
 			if (!dataset) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "BULK_DELETE_ITEMS", "DATASET_NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -6399,7 +6435,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 			});
 			const currentItems = [];
 			for (const itemId of input.itemIds) {
-				const item = await this.getItemById({ id: itemId });
+				const item = await this.#getItemById(this.#db.client, { id: itemId });
 				if (item && item.datasetId === input.datasetId) currentItems.push(item);
 			}
 			if (currentItems.length === 0) return;
@@ -6463,14 +6499,17 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 		}
 	}
 	async getItemById(args) {
+		return this.#getItemById(this.#db.readClient, args);
+	}
+	async #getItemById(client, args) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_DATASET_ITEMS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
 			let result;
-			if (args.datasetVersion !== void 0) result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1 AND "datasetVersion" <= $2 AND ("validTo" IS NULL OR "validTo" > $2) AND "isDeleted" = false ORDER BY "datasetVersion" DESC LIMIT 1`, [args.id, args.datasetVersion]);
-			else result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1 AND "validTo" IS NULL AND "isDeleted" = false`, [args.id]);
+			if (args.datasetVersion !== void 0) result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1 AND "datasetVersion" <= $2 AND ("validTo" IS NULL OR "validTo" > $2) AND "isDeleted" = false ORDER BY "datasetVersion" DESC LIMIT 1`, [args.id, args.datasetVersion]);
+			else result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1 AND "validTo" IS NULL AND "isDeleted" = false`, [args.id]);
 			return result ? this.transformItemRow(result) : null;
 		} catch (error) {
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -6486,7 +6525,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_DATASET_ITEMS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "datasetId" = $1 AND "datasetVersion" <= $2 AND ("validTo" IS NULL OR "validTo" > $3) AND "isDeleted" = false ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "id" ASC`, [
+			return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "datasetId" = $1 AND "datasetVersion" <= $2 AND ("validTo" IS NULL OR "validTo" > $3) AND "isDeleted" = false ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "id" ASC`, [
 				datasetId,
 				version,
 				version
@@ -6505,7 +6544,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_DATASET_ITEMS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1 ORDER BY "datasetVersion" DESC`, [itemId]) || []).map((row) => this.transformItemRowFull(row));
+			return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1 ORDER BY "datasetVersion" DESC`, [itemId]) || []).map((row) => this.transformItemRowFull(row));
 		} catch (error) {
 			throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "GET_ITEM_HISTORY", "FAILED"),
@@ -6515,6 +6554,13 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 		}
 	}
 	async listItems(args) {
+		return this.#listItems(this.#db.readClient, args);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same listing against an explicit client. `updateDataset` validates existing
+	* items on the writer so a lagging replica cannot hide freshly inserted rows.
+	*/
+	async #listItems(client, args) {
 		try {
 			const { page, perPage: perPageInput } = args.pagination;
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
@@ -6551,7 +6597,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 				}
 			}
 			const whereClause = `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}`;
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				items: [],
@@ -6566,7 +6612,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 			const { offset, perPage: perPageForResponse } = calculatePagination(page, perPageInput, perPage);
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				items: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "id" ASC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
+				items: (await client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "id" ASC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -6621,7 +6667,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_DATASET_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "datasetId" = $1`, [input.datasetId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "datasetId" = $1`, [input.datasetId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -6636,7 +6682,7 @@ var DatasetsPG = class DatasetsPG extends DatasetsStorage {
 			const { offset, perPage: perPageForResponse } = calculatePagination(page, perPageInput, perPage);
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "datasetId" = $1 ORDER BY "version" DESC LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "datasetId" = $1 ORDER BY "version" DESC LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					input.datasetId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -6686,9 +6732,10 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 	} };
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -7026,7 +7073,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 	}
 	async updateExperiment(input) {
 		try {
-			if (!await this.getExperimentById({ id: input.id })) throw new MastraError({
+			if (!await this.#getExperimentById(this.#db.client, { id: input.id })) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_EXPERIMENT", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
 				category: ErrorCategory.USER,
@@ -7082,7 +7129,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 			}
 			values.push(input.id);
 			await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE "id" = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			return await this.getExperimentById({ id: input.id });
+			return await this.#getExperimentById(this.#db.client, { id: input.id });
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -7092,7 +7139,14 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 			}, error);
 		}
 	}
-	async getExperimentById({ id, filters }) {
+	async getExperimentById(args) {
+		return this.#getExperimentById(this.#db.readClient, args);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getExperimentById(client, { id, filters }) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_EXPERIMENTS,
@@ -7100,7 +7154,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 			});
 			const { conditions, params } = tenancyWhere(filters, 2);
 			const whereSql = ["\"id\" = $1", ...conditions].join(" AND ");
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereSql}`, [id, ...params]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereSql}`, [id, ...params]);
 			return result ? this.transformExperimentRow(result) : null;
 		} catch (error) {
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -7168,7 +7222,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 				}
 			}
 			const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				experiments: [],
@@ -7183,7 +7237,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 			const { offset, perPage: perPageForResponse } = calculatePagination(page, perPageInput, perPage);
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				experiments: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
+				experiments: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -7387,7 +7441,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 				values.push(input.comment);
 			}
 			if (setClauses.length === 0) {
-				const existing = await this.getExperimentResultById({ id: input.id });
+				const existing = await this.#getExperimentResultById(this.#db.client, { id: input.id });
 				if (!existing) throw new MastraError({
 					id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_EXPERIMENT_RESULT", "NOT_FOUND"),
 					domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -7420,7 +7474,14 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 			}, error);
 		}
 	}
-	async getExperimentResultById({ id, filters }) {
+	async getExperimentResultById(args) {
+		return this.#getExperimentResultById(this.#db.readClient, args);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getExperimentResultById(client, { id, filters }) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_EXPERIMENT_RESULTS,
@@ -7428,7 +7489,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 			});
 			const { conditions, params } = tenancyWhere(filters, 2);
 			const whereSql = ["\"id\" = $1", ...conditions].join(" AND ");
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereSql}`, [id, ...params]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereSql}`, [id, ...params]);
 			return result ? this.transformExperimentResultRow(result) : null;
 		} catch (error) {
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -7468,7 +7529,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 				}
 			}
 			const whereClause = `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}`;
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				results: [],
@@ -7483,7 +7544,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 			const { offset, perPage: perPageForResponse } = calculatePagination(page, perPageInput, perPage);
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				results: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "startedAt" ASC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
+				results: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "startedAt" ASC LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -7537,7 +7598,7 @@ var ExperimentsPG = class ExperimentsPG extends ExperimentsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_EXPERIMENT_RESULTS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT
+			return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT
           "experimentId",
           COUNT(*)::int as total,
           SUM(CASE WHEN status = 'needs-review' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)::int as "needsReview",
@@ -7579,9 +7640,10 @@ var FavoritesPG = class FavoritesPG extends FavoritesStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_FAVORITES];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -7747,7 +7809,7 @@ var FavoritesPG = class FavoritesPG extends FavoritesStorage {
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
 		try {
-			return await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT 1 FROM ${fullFavoritesTable} WHERE "userId" = $1 AND "entityType" = $2 AND "entityId" = $3 LIMIT 1`, [
+			return await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT 1 FROM ${fullFavoritesTable} WHERE "userId" = $1 AND "entityType" = $2 AND "entityId" = $3 LIMIT 1`, [
 				input.userId,
 				input.entityType,
 				input.entityId
@@ -7770,7 +7832,7 @@ var FavoritesPG = class FavoritesPG extends FavoritesStorage {
 		});
 		try {
 			const placeholders = entityIds.map((_, i) => `$${i + 3}`).join(", ");
-			const rows = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT "entityId" FROM ${fullFavoritesTable} WHERE "userId" = $1 AND "entityType" = $2 AND "entityId" IN (${placeholders})`, [
+			const rows = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT "entityId" FROM ${fullFavoritesTable} WHERE "userId" = $1 AND "entityType" = $2 AND "entityId" IN (${placeholders})`, [
 				userId,
 				entityType,
 				...entityIds
@@ -7793,7 +7855,7 @@ var FavoritesPG = class FavoritesPG extends FavoritesStorage {
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
 		try {
-			return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT "entityId" FROM ${fullFavoritesTable} WHERE "userId" = $1 AND "entityType" = $2 ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "entityId" ASC`, [input.userId, input.entityType]) ?? []).map((row) => row.entityId);
+			return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT "entityId" FROM ${fullFavoritesTable} WHERE "userId" = $1 AND "entityType" = $2 ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC, "entityId" ASC`, [input.userId, input.entityType]) ?? []).map((row) => row.entityId);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -8096,16 +8158,20 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 	}
 	#client;
 	#executor;
+	/** Reader-backed executor for standalone reads; mutations and read-modify-write stay on #executor. */
+	#readExecutor;
 	#db;
 	#schemaName;
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#client = client;
 		this.#schemaName = schemaName;
 		this.#executor = createExecutor(client, schemaName);
+		this.#readExecutor = createExecutor(readClient, schemaName);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -8207,13 +8273,13 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 		});
 	}
 	async getNode(id) {
-		return this.#getNode(this.#executor, id);
+		return this.#getNode(this.#readExecutor, id);
 	}
 	async getNodeByName(input) {
-		return this.#getNodeByName(this.#executor, input.name, canonicalizeKnowledgeScope(input.scope));
+		return this.#getNodeByName(this.#readExecutor, input.name, canonicalizeKnowledgeScope(input.scope));
 	}
 	async resolveNode(input) {
-		return this.#resolveNode(this.#executor, input.name, canonicalizeKnowledgeScope(input.scope));
+		return this.#resolveNode(this.#readExecutor, input.name, canonicalizeKnowledgeScope(input.scope));
 	}
 	async listNodes(input) {
 		const key = knowledgeScopeKey(canonicalizeKnowledgeScope(input.scope));
@@ -8243,7 +8309,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 			args.push(updatedAt, updatedAt, cursor.name, cursor.name, cursor.id);
 		}
 		args.push(input.limit ?? 100);
-		return (await this.#executor.execute({
+		return (await this.#readExecutor.execute({
 			sql: `SELECT *, scope AS "scopeJson" FROM "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_NODES}" WHERE ${clauses.join(" AND ")} ORDER BY updatedAt DESC, name ASC, id ASC LIMIT ?`,
 			args
 		})).rows.map(parseNode);
@@ -8409,7 +8475,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 		});
 	}
 	async getKnowledge(input) {
-		const result = await this.#executor.execute({
+		const result = await this.#readExecutor.execute({
 			sql: `SELECT *,scope AS "scopeJson" FROM "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_RECORDS}" WHERE id=?${input.includeDeleted ? "" : " AND deletedAt IS NULL"}`,
 			args: [input.id]
 		});
@@ -8434,7 +8500,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 		if (input.after) args.push(input.after);
 		const limit = input.limit ?? 100;
 		args.push(limit + 1);
-		const records = (await this.#executor.execute({
+		const records = (await this.#readExecutor.execute({
 			sql: `SELECT *,scope AS "scopeJson" FROM "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_RECORDS}" WHERE sourceThreadId=? AND ${visibleSql}${input.includeDeleted ? "" : " AND deletedAt IS NULL"}${input.after ? " AND id > ?" : ""} ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT ?`,
 			args
 		})).rows.map(parseKnowledge);
@@ -8529,7 +8595,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 		const normalizedQuery = input.query.trim().toLocaleLowerCase();
 		if (!normalizedQuery) return [];
 		const query = `%${escapeLikePattern(normalizedQuery)}%`;
-		const results = (await this.#executor.execute({
+		const results = (await this.#readExecutor.execute({
 			sql: `SELECT *,scope AS "scopeJson" FROM "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_NODES}" WHERE mergedInto IS NULL AND ${visibleSql} AND (canonicalName LIKE ? ESCAPE '=' OR lower(COALESCE(kind,'')) LIKE ? ESCAPE '=' OR lower(COALESCE(content,'')) LIKE ? ESCAPE '=' OR lower(COALESCE(description,'')) LIKE ? ESCAPE '=') ORDER BY updatedAt DESC LIMIT ?`,
 			args: [
 				key,
@@ -8553,7 +8619,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 			scope: parseJson$1(row.scopeJson)
 		}));
 		if (results.length < (input.limit ?? 20)) {
-			const records = await this.#executor.execute({
+			const records = await this.#readExecutor.execute({
 				sql: `SELECT f.*,f.scope AS "scopeJson",r.name,r.scope AS "parentScopeJson" FROM "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_RECORDS}" f JOIN "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_NODES}" r ON r.id=f.node AND r.type='node' AND r.mergedInto IS NULL WHERE f.deletedAt IS NULL AND ${visibleSql.replaceAll("scopeKey", "f.scopeKey")} AND lower(f.text) LIKE ? ESCAPE '=' ORDER BY f.id DESC LIMIT ?`,
 				args: [
 					key,
@@ -8606,7 +8672,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 	}
 	async listActivity(input) {
 		const key = knowledgeScopeKey(canonicalizeKnowledgeScope(input.scope));
-		return (await this.#executor.execute({
+		return (await this.#readExecutor.execute({
 			sql: `SELECT *,scope AS "scopeJson" FROM "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_ACTIVITY}" WHERE ${visibleSql}${input.after ? " AND id < ?" : ""} ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT ?`,
 			args: [
 				key,
@@ -8750,7 +8816,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 	}
 	async #queryKnowledge(input, relationship) {
 		const scope = canonicalizeKnowledgeScope(input.scope);
-		const node = await this.#resolveTerminalNode(this.#executor, nodeReferenceId(input.node));
+		const node = await this.#resolveTerminalNode(this.#readExecutor, nodeReferenceId(input.node));
 		if (!node) return { records: [] };
 		const key = knowledgeScopeKey(scope);
 		const args = [
@@ -8761,7 +8827,7 @@ var KnowledgePG = class extends KnowledgeStorage {
 		];
 		if (input.after) args.push(input.after);
 		args.push((input.limit ?? 100) + 1);
-		const records = (await this.#executor.execute({
+		const records = (await this.#readExecutor.execute({
 			sql: `SELECT DISTINCT f.*,f.scope AS "scopeJson" FROM "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_RECORDS}" f${relationship === "about" ? "" : ` LEFT JOIN "${TABLE_KNOWLEDGE_MENTIONS}" m ON m.sourceType='record' AND m.sourceId=f.id`} WHERE ${relationship === "about" ? "f.node=?" : relationship === "mentioning" ? "m.recordId=?" : "(f.node=? OR m.recordId=?)"} AND ${visibleSql.replaceAll("scopeKey", "f.scopeKey")}${input.includeDeleted ? "" : " AND f.deletedAt IS NULL"}${input.after ? " AND f.id < ?" : ""} ORDER BY f.id DESC LIMIT ?`,
 			args
 		})).rows.map(parseKnowledge);
@@ -8873,9 +8939,10 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_MCP_CLIENTS, TABLE_MCP_CLIENT_VERSIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -8939,12 +9006,19 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 		await this.#db.clearTable({ tableName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENTS });
 	}
 	async getById(id) {
+		return this.#getById(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getById(client, id) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENTS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseMCPClientRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9023,7 +9097,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENTS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const existingClient = await this.getById(id);
+			const existingClient = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!existingClient) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_MCP_CLIENT", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -9062,7 +9136,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 			values.push(now);
 			values.push(id);
 			await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			const updatedClient = await this.getById(id);
+			const updatedClient = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!updatedClient) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_MCP_CLIENT", "NOT_FOUND_AFTER_UPDATE"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -9129,7 +9203,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 				queryParams.push(JSON.stringify(metadata));
 			}
 			const whereClause = `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}`;
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				mcpClients: [],
@@ -9140,7 +9214,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				mcpClients: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
+				mcpClients: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -9217,7 +9291,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9236,7 +9310,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [mcpClientId, versionNumber]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [mcpClientId, versionNumber]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9258,7 +9332,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [mcpClientId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [mcpClientId]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9287,7 +9361,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1`, [mcpClientId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1`, [mcpClientId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -9298,7 +9372,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					mcpClientId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -9368,7 +9442,7 @@ var MCPClientsPG = class MCPClientsPG extends MCPClientsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_CLIENT_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1`, [mcpClientId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpClientId" = $1`, [mcpClientId]);
 			return parseInt(result.count, 10);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
@@ -9428,9 +9502,10 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_MCP_SERVERS, TABLE_MCP_SERVER_VERSIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -9494,12 +9569,19 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 		await this.#db.clearTable({ tableName: TABLE_MCP_SERVERS });
 	}
 	async getById(id) {
+		return this.#getById(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getById(client, id) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_SERVERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseMCPServerRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9578,7 +9660,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_SERVERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const existingServer = await this.getById(id);
+			const existingServer = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!existingServer) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_MCP_SERVER", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -9617,7 +9699,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 			values.push(now);
 			values.push(id);
 			await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			const updatedServer = await this.getById(id);
+			const updatedServer = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!updatedServer) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_MCP_SERVER", "NOT_FOUND_AFTER_UPDATE"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -9684,7 +9766,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 				queryParams.push(JSON.stringify(metadata));
 			}
 			const whereClause = `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}`;
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				mcpServers: [],
@@ -9695,7 +9777,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				mcpServers: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
+				mcpServers: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -9782,7 +9864,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_SERVER_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9801,7 +9883,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_SERVER_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [mcpServerId, versionNumber]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [mcpServerId, versionNumber]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9823,7 +9905,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_SERVER_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [mcpServerId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [mcpServerId]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -9852,7 +9934,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_SERVER_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1`, [mcpServerId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1`, [mcpServerId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -9863,7 +9945,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					mcpServerId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -9933,7 +10015,7 @@ var MCPServersPG = class MCPServersPG extends MCPServersStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_MCP_SERVER_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1`, [mcpServerId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "mcpServerId" = $1`, [mcpServerId]);
 			return parseInt(result.count, 10);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
@@ -10102,9 +10184,10 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 	];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -10353,6 +10436,16 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 		};
 	}
 	async getThreadById({ threadId, resourceId }) {
+		return this.#getThreadById(this.#db.readClient, {
+			threadId,
+			resourceId
+		});
+	}
+	/**
+	* Thread lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so
+	* a lagging read replica cannot produce false not-found or stale metadata.
+	*/
+	async #getThreadById(client, { threadId, resourceId }) {
 		try {
 			let query = `SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$3({
 				indexName: TABLE_THREADS,
@@ -10363,7 +10456,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 				query += ` AND "resourceId" = $2`;
 				params.push(resourceId);
 			}
-			const thread = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(query, params);
+			const thread = await client.oneOrNone(query, params);
 			if (!thread) return null;
 			return {
 				id: thread.id,
@@ -10432,7 +10525,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			}
 			const baseQuery = `FROM ${tableName} ${whereClauses.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${whereClauses.join(" AND ")}` : ""}`;
 			const countQuery = `SELECT COUNT(*) ${baseQuery}`;
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(countQuery, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(countQuery, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				threads: [],
@@ -10444,7 +10537,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			const dataQuery = `SELECT id, "resourceId", title, metadata, "createdAt", "createdAtZ", "updatedAt", "updatedAtZ" ${baseQuery} ORDER BY COALESCE("${field}Z", "${field}") ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIndex} OFFSET $${paramIndex + 1}`;
 			return {
-				threads: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(dataQuery, [
+				threads: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(dataQuery, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -10528,7 +10621,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_THREADS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$3(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const existingThread = await this.getThreadById({ threadId: id });
+		const existingThread = await this.#getThreadById(this.#db.client, { threadId: id });
 		if (!existingThread) throw new MastraError({
 			id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_THREAD", "FAILED"),
 			domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -10660,7 +10753,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 		if (targetIds.length === 0) return null;
 		const idPlaceholders = targetIds.map((_, i) => "$" + (i + 1)).join(", ");
 		const targetResourceCondition = resourceId ? ` AND "resourceId" = $${targetIds.length + 1}` : "";
-		const targetRows = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT id, thread_id, "createdAt" FROM ${tableName} WHERE id IN (${idPlaceholders})${targetResourceCondition}`, resourceId ? [...targetIds, resourceId] : targetIds);
+		const targetRows = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT id, thread_id, "createdAt" FROM ${tableName} WHERE id IN (${idPlaceholders})${targetResourceCondition}`, resourceId ? [...targetIds, resourceId] : targetIds);
 		if (targetRows.length === 0) return null;
 		const targetMap = new Map(targetRows.map((r) => [r.id, {
 			threadId: r.thread_id,
@@ -10711,7 +10804,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 		let finalQuery;
 		if (unionQueries.length === 1) finalQuery = unionQueries[0].slice(1, -1);
 		else finalQuery = `SELECT * FROM (${unionQueries.join(" UNION ALL ")}) AS combined ORDER BY "createdAt" ASC, id ASC`;
-		const includedRows = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(finalQuery, params);
+		const includedRows = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(finalQuery, params);
 		const seen = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
 		return includedRows.filter((row) => {
 			if (seen.has(row.id)) return false;
@@ -10747,7 +10840,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
         WHERE id IN (${inPlaceholders(messageIds.length)})
         ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC
       `;
-			const resultRows = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(query, messageIds);
+			const resultRows = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(query, messageIds);
 			return { messages: new MessageList().add(resultRows.map((row) => this.parseRow(row)), "memory").get.all.db() };
 		} catch (error) {
 			const mastraError = new MastraError({
@@ -10778,7 +10871,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			perPage,
 			offset
 		];
-		const rows = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`${selectStatement}, COUNT(*) OVER () AS "__total" FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ${orderByStatement}${limitClause}`, dataParams) || [];
+		const rows = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`${selectStatement}, COUNT(*) OVER () AS "__total" FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ${orderByStatement}${limitClause}`, dataParams) || [];
 		if (rows.length > 0) return {
 			total: Number(rows[0].__total),
 			messages: rows
@@ -10787,7 +10880,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			total: 0,
 			messages: []
 		};
-		const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+		const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 		return {
 			total: parseInt(countResult.count, 10),
 			messages: []
@@ -10881,7 +10974,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			let total;
 			let messages;
 			if (metadataFilter) {
-				const filteredRows = (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`${selectStatement} FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ${orderByStatement}`, queryParams) || []).filter((row) => storageMessageMatchesMetadataFilter(row.content, metadataFilter));
+				const filteredRows = (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`${selectStatement} FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ${orderByStatement}`, queryParams) || []).filter((row) => storageMessageMatchesMetadataFilter(row.content, metadataFilter));
 				total = filteredRows.length;
 				messages = perPageInput === false ? filteredRows : filteredRows.slice(offset, offset + perPage);
 			} else ({total, messages} = await this.#fetchMessagePage({
@@ -11027,7 +11120,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			let total;
 			let messages;
 			if (metadataFilter) {
-				const filteredRows = (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`${selectStatement} FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ${orderByStatement}`, queryParams) || []).filter((row) => storageMessageMatchesMetadataFilter(row.content, metadataFilter));
+				const filteredRows = (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`${selectStatement} FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ${orderByStatement}`, queryParams) || []).filter((row) => storageMessageMatchesMetadataFilter(row.content, metadataFilter));
 				total = filteredRows.length;
 				messages = perPageInput === false ? filteredRows : filteredRows.slice(offset, offset + perPage);
 			} else ({total, messages} = await this.#fetchMessagePage({
@@ -11102,7 +11195,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 				if (!message.resourceId) throw new Error(`Expected to find a resourceId for message, but couldn't find one. An unexpected error has occurred.`);
 				threadIds.add(message.threadId);
 			}
-			for (const threadIdToCheck of threadIds) if (!await this.getThreadById({ threadId: threadIdToCheck })) throw new MastraError({
+			for (const threadIdToCheck of threadIds) if (!await this.#getThreadById(this.#db.client, { threadId: threadIdToCheck })) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "SAVE_MESSAGES", "FAILED"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
 				category: ErrorCategory.THIRD_PARTY,
@@ -11270,11 +11363,14 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 		}
 	}
 	async getResourceById({ resourceId }) {
+		return this.#getResourceById(this.#db.readClient, resourceId);
+	}
+	async #getResourceById(client, resourceId) {
 		const tableName = getTableName$3({
 			indexName: TABLE_RESOURCES,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$3(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [resourceId]);
+		const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [resourceId]);
 		if (!result) return null;
 		return {
 			id: result.id,
@@ -11299,7 +11395,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 		return resource;
 	}
 	async updateResource({ resourceId, workingMemory, metadata }) {
-		const existingResource = await this.getResourceById({ resourceId });
+		const existingResource = await this.#getResourceById(this.#db.client, resourceId);
 		if (!existingResource) {
 			const newResource = {
 				id: resourceId,
@@ -11347,7 +11443,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 	}
 	async cloneThread(args) {
 		const { sourceThreadId, newThreadId: providedThreadId, resourceId, title, metadata, options } = args;
-		const sourceThread = await this.getThreadById({ threadId: sourceThreadId });
+		const sourceThread = await this.#getThreadById(this.#db.client, { threadId: sourceThreadId });
 		if (!sourceThread) throw new MastraError({
 			id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "CLONE_THREAD", "SOURCE_NOT_FOUND"),
 			domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -11356,7 +11452,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 			details: { sourceThreadId }
 		});
 		const newThreadId = providedThreadId || crypto.randomUUID();
-		if (await this.getThreadById({ threadId: newThreadId })) throw new MastraError({
+		if (await this.#getThreadById(this.#db.client, { threadId: newThreadId })) throw new MastraError({
 			id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "CLONE_THREAD", "THREAD_EXISTS"),
 			domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
 			category: ErrorCategory.USER,
@@ -11531,7 +11627,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 				indexName: OM_TABLE,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$3(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "lookupKey" = $1 ORDER BY "generationCount" DESC LIMIT 1`, [lookupKey]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "lookupKey" = $1 ORDER BY "generationCount" DESC LIMIT 1`, [lookupKey]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseOMRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -11573,7 +11669,7 @@ var MemoryPG = class MemoryPG extends MemoryStorage {
 				params.push(options.offset);
 				sql += ` OFFSET $${paramIndex}`;
 			}
-			const result = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(sql, params);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(sql, params);
 			if (!result) return [];
 			return result.map((row) => this.parseOMRow(row));
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -12514,9 +12610,10 @@ var NotificationsPG = class NotificationsPG extends NotificationsStorage {
 	} };
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -12685,7 +12782,7 @@ var NotificationsPG = class NotificationsPG extends NotificationsStorage {
 				coalescedCount: (existing.coalescedCount ?? 1) + 1,
 				metadata: metadata ?? null
 			});
-			const updated = await this.getNotification({
+			const updated = await this.#getNotification(this.#db.client, {
 				threadId: existing.threadId,
 				id: existing.id
 			});
@@ -12751,7 +12848,7 @@ var NotificationsPG = class NotificationsPG extends NotificationsStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_NOTIFICATIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")} ORDER BY "updatedAt" DESC${limit}`, args)).map((row) => rowToNotification(row));
+		return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")} ORDER BY "updatedAt" DESC${limit}`, args)).map((row) => rowToNotification(row));
 	}
 	async listDueNotifications(input) {
 		const conditions = ["\"status\" = $1", "((\"deliverAt\" IS NOT NULL AND \"deliverAt\" <= $2) OR (\"summaryAt\" IS NOT NULL AND \"summaryAt\" <= $3))"];
@@ -12774,18 +12871,25 @@ var NotificationsPG = class NotificationsPG extends NotificationsStorage {
 			indexName: TABLE_NOTIFICATIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")} ORDER BY CASE WHEN "deliverAt" IS NULL THEN "summaryAt" WHEN "summaryAt" IS NULL THEN "deliverAt" WHEN "deliverAt" <= "summaryAt" THEN "deliverAt" ELSE "summaryAt" END ASC, "updatedAt" ASC${limit}`, args)).map((row) => rowToNotification(row));
+		return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")} ORDER BY CASE WHEN "deliverAt" IS NULL THEN "summaryAt" WHEN "summaryAt" IS NULL THEN "deliverAt" WHEN "deliverAt" <= "summaryAt" THEN "deliverAt" ELSE "summaryAt" END ASC, "updatedAt" ASC${limit}`, args)).map((row) => rowToNotification(row));
 	}
 	async getNotification(input) {
+		return this.#getNotification(this.#db.readClient, input);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getNotification(client, input) {
 		const tableName = getTableName$5({
 			indexName: TABLE_NOTIFICATIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "threadId" = $1 AND "id" = $2 LIMIT 1`, [input.threadId, input.id]);
+		const row = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "threadId" = $1 AND "id" = $2 LIMIT 1`, [input.threadId, input.id]);
 		return row ? rowToNotification(row) : null;
 	}
 	async updateNotification(input) {
-		if (!await this.getNotification({
+		if (!await this.#getNotification(this.#db.client, {
 			threadId: input.threadId,
 			id: input.id
 		})) throw new Error(`Notification ${input.id} was not found for thread ${input.threadId}`);
@@ -12809,7 +12913,7 @@ var NotificationsPG = class NotificationsPG extends NotificationsStorage {
 			...input.summarySignalId !== void 0 ? { summarySignalId: input.summarySignalId } : {},
 			updatedAt: now
 		});
-		const updated = await this.getNotification({
+		const updated = await this.#getNotification(this.#db.client, {
 			threadId: input.threadId,
 			id: input.id
 		});
@@ -12856,9 +12960,10 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_SPANS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -13091,7 +13196,7 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SPANS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT
+			const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT
           "traceId", "spanId", "parentSpanId", "name",
           "entityType", "entityId", "entityName",
           "userId", "organizationId", "resourceId",
@@ -13127,7 +13232,7 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SPANS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT
+			const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT
           "traceId", "spanId", "parentSpanId", "name",
           "entityType", "entityId", "entityName",
           "userId", "organizationId", "resourceId",
@@ -13160,7 +13265,7 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SPANS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const spans = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT
+			const spans = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT
           "traceId", "spanId", "parentSpanId", "name",
           "entityType", "entityId", "entityName",
           "userId", "organizationId", "resourceId",
@@ -13197,7 +13302,7 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SPANS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const spans = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT
+			const spans = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT
           "traceId", "spanId", "parentSpanId", "name",
           "entityType", "entityId", "entityName",
           "spanType", "error", "isEvent",
@@ -13381,7 +13486,7 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 			let orderClause;
 			if (orderField === "endedAt") orderClause = `ORDER BY r."${sortField}" ${sortDirection} ${sortDirection === "DESC" ? "NULLS FIRST" : "NULLS LAST"}`;
 			else orderClause = `ORDER BY r."${sortField}" ${sortDirection}`;
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${tableName} r ${whereClause}`, params);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${tableName} r ${whereClause}`, params);
 			const count = Number(countResult?.count ?? 0);
 			if (count === 0) return {
 				pagination: {
@@ -13392,7 +13497,7 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 				},
 				spans: []
 			};
-			const spans = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT
+			const spans = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT
           r."traceId", r."spanId", r."parentSpanId", r."name",
           r."entityType", r."entityId", r."entityName",
           r."userId", r."organizationId", r."resourceId",
@@ -13489,6 +13594,7 @@ var ObservabilityPG = class ObservabilityPG extends ObservabilityStorage {
 		}
 	}
 	async batchDeleteTraces(args) {
+		this.assertUnscopedBatchDeleteTraces(args);
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_SPANS,
@@ -17671,11 +17777,39 @@ async function getTraceLight(client, schema, args) {
 		spans: rows.map(rowToLightSpanRecord)
 	};
 }
+/**
+* Delete traces by traceId, cascading to trace-linked signal events
+* (metrics, logs, scores, feedback). Signal rows with a NULL traceId are
+* never affected. When the optional tenant scope (`organizationId` /
+* `resourceId`) is set, every DELETE additionally requires the row's tenant
+* columns to match.
+*/
 async function batchDeleteTraces(client, schema, args) {
 	if (args.traceIds.length === 0) return;
-	const span = qualifiedTable(schema, TABLE_SPAN_EVENTS);
+	const params = [...args.traceIds];
 	const placeholders = args.traceIds.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`).join(", ");
-	await client.query(`DELETE FROM ${span} WHERE "traceId" IN (${placeholders})`, args.traceIds);
+	let scopeCondition = "";
+	if (args.organizationId !== void 0) {
+		params.push(args.organizationId);
+		scopeCondition += ` AND "organizationId" = $${params.length}`;
+	}
+	if (args.resourceId !== void 0) {
+		params.push(args.resourceId);
+		scopeCondition += ` AND "resourceId" = $${params.length}`;
+	}
+	const tables = [
+		TABLE_SPAN_EVENTS,
+		TABLE_METRIC_EVENTS,
+		TABLE_LOG_EVENTS,
+		TABLE_SCORE_EVENTS,
+		TABLE_FEEDBACK_EVENTS
+	];
+	await client.tx(async (t) => {
+		for (const tableName of tables) {
+			const table = qualifiedTable(schema, tableName);
+			await t.query(`DELETE FROM ${table} WHERE "traceId" IN (${placeholders})${scopeCondition}`, params);
+		}
+	});
 }
 /** Truncate the span_events table. */
 async function dangerouslyClearTracing(client, schema) {
@@ -17718,6 +17852,8 @@ function wrapError(op, error, details) {
 }
 var ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext = class ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext extends ObservabilityStorage {
 	#client;
+	/** Reader-backed client for standalone reads; writes, DDL, and discovery-cache refresh stay on #client. */
+	#readClient;
 	#schema;
 	#partitioning;
 	#discoveryConfig;
@@ -17725,8 +17861,9 @@ var ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext = class ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext
 	#partitionMode;
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#client = client;
+		this.#readClient = readClient;
 		this.#schema = schemaName ?? "public";
 		this.#partitioning = config.partitioning ?? {};
 		this.#discoveryConfig = config.discovery ?? {};
@@ -17911,34 +18048,34 @@ var ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext = class ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext
 		await this.#run("BATCH_CREATE_SPANS", () => batchCreateSpans(this.#client, this.#schema, args), { count: args.records.length });
 	}
 	async getSpan(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_SPAN", () => getSpan(this.#client, this.#schema, args), {
+		return this.#run("GET_SPAN", () => getSpan(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args), {
 			traceId: args.traceId,
 			spanId: args.spanId
 		});
 	}
 	async getSpans(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_SPANS", () => getSpans(this.#client, this.#schema, args), {
+		return this.#run("GET_SPANS", () => getSpans(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args), {
 			traceId: args.traceId,
 			count: args.spanIds.length
 		});
 	}
 	async getRootSpan(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_ROOT_SPAN", () => getRootSpan(this.#client, this.#schema, args), { traceId: args.traceId });
+		return this.#run("GET_ROOT_SPAN", () => getRootSpan(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args), { traceId: args.traceId });
 	}
 	async getTrace(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_TRACE", () => getTrace(this.#client, this.#schema, args), { traceId: args.traceId });
+		return this.#run("GET_TRACE", () => getTrace(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args), { traceId: args.traceId });
 	}
 	async getTraceLight(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_TRACE_LIGHT", () => getTraceLight(this.#client, this.#schema, args), { traceId: args.traceId });
+		return this.#run("GET_TRACE_LIGHT", () => getTraceLight(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args), { traceId: args.traceId });
 	}
 	async listTraces(args) {
-		return this.#run("LIST_TRACES", () => listTraces(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("LIST_TRACES", () => listTraces(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async queryTraces(plan) {
-		return this.#run("QUERY_TRACES", () => queryTraces(this.#client, this.#schema, plan, this.#traceQueryTimeoutMs));
+		return this.#run("QUERY_TRACES", () => queryTraces(this.#readClient, this.#schema, plan, this.#traceQueryTimeoutMs));
 	}
 	async listBranches(args) {
-		return this.#run("LIST_BRANCHES", () => listBranches(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("LIST_BRANCHES", () => listBranches(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async batchCreateLogs(args) {
 		await this.#run("BATCH_CREATE_LOGS", () => batchCreateLogs(this.#client, this.#schema, args), { count: args.logs.length });
@@ -17959,58 +18096,58 @@ var ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext = class ObservabilityStoragePostgresVNext
 		await this.#run("BATCH_CREATE_FEEDBACK", () => batchCreateFeedback(this.#client, this.#schema, args), { count: args.feedbacks.length });
 	}
 	async listLogs(args) {
-		return this.#run("LIST_LOGS", () => listLogs(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("LIST_LOGS", () => listLogs(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async listMetrics(args) {
-		return this.#run("LIST_METRICS", () => listMetrics(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("LIST_METRICS", () => listMetrics(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async listScores(args) {
-		return this.#run("LIST_SCORES", () => listScores(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("LIST_SCORES", () => listScores(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getScoreById(scoreId) {
-		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_BY_ID", () => getScoreById(this.#client, this.#schema, scoreId), { scoreId });
+		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_BY_ID", () => getScoreById(this.#readClient, this.#schema, scoreId), { scoreId });
 	}
 	async listFeedback(args) {
-		return this.#run("LIST_FEEDBACK", () => listFeedback(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("LIST_FEEDBACK", () => listFeedback(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async updateFeedbackReviewStatus(args) {
 		return this.#run("UPDATE_FEEDBACK_REVIEW_STATUS", () => updateFeedbackReviewStatus(this.#client, this.#schema, args), { feedbackId: args.feedbackId });
 	}
 	async getMetricAggregate(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_AGGREGATE", () => getMetricAggregate(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_AGGREGATE", () => getMetricAggregate(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getMetricBreakdown(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_BREAKDOWN", () => getMetricBreakdown(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_BREAKDOWN", () => getMetricBreakdown(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getMetricTimeSeries(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_TIME_SERIES", () => getMetricTimeSeries(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_TIME_SERIES", () => getMetricTimeSeries(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getMetricPercentiles(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_PERCENTILES", () => getMetricPercentiles(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_METRIC_PERCENTILES", () => getMetricPercentiles(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getScoreAggregate(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_AGGREGATE", () => getScoreAggregate(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_AGGREGATE", () => getScoreAggregate(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getScoreBreakdown(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_BREAKDOWN", () => getScoreBreakdown(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_BREAKDOWN", () => getScoreBreakdown(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getScoreTimeSeries(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_TIME_SERIES", () => getScoreTimeSeries(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_TIME_SERIES", () => getScoreTimeSeries(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getScorePercentiles(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_PERCENTILES", () => getScorePercentiles(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_SCORE_PERCENTILES", () => getScorePercentiles(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getFeedbackAggregate(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_AGGREGATE", () => getFeedbackAggregate(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_AGGREGATE", () => getFeedbackAggregate(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getFeedbackBreakdown(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_BREAKDOWN", () => getFeedbackBreakdown(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_BREAKDOWN", () => getFeedbackBreakdown(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getFeedbackTimeSeries(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_TIME_SERIES", () => getFeedbackTimeSeries(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_TIME_SERIES", () => getFeedbackTimeSeries(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getFeedbackPercentiles(args) {
-		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_PERCENTILES", () => getFeedbackPercentiles(this.#client, this.#schema, args));
+		return this.#run("GET_FEEDBACK_PERCENTILES", () => getFeedbackPercentiles(this.#readClient, this.#schema, args));
 	}
 	async getEntityTypes(args) {
 		return this.#run("GET_ENTITY_TYPES", () => getEntityTypes(this.#client, this.#schema, args, this.#discovery));
@@ -18069,9 +18206,10 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCKS, TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCK_VERSIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -18148,12 +18286,19 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 		await this.#db.clearTable({ tableName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCKS });
 	}
 	async getById(id) {
+		return this.#getById(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getById(client, id) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCKS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseBlockRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -18232,7 +18377,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCKS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const existingBlock = await this.getById(id);
+			const existingBlock = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!existingBlock) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_PROMPT_BLOCK", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -18271,7 +18416,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 			values.push(now);
 			values.push(id);
 			await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			const updatedBlock = await this.getById(id);
+			const updatedBlock = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!updatedBlock) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_PROMPT_BLOCK", "NOT_FOUND_AFTER_UPDATE"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -18340,7 +18485,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 				queryParams.push(JSON.stringify(metadata));
 			}
 			const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				promptBlocks: [],
@@ -18351,7 +18496,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				promptBlocks: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
+				promptBlocks: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -18430,7 +18575,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCK_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -18449,7 +18594,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCK_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [blockId, versionNumber]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [blockId, versionNumber]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -18471,7 +18616,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCK_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [blockId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [blockId]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -18500,7 +18645,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCK_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1`, [blockId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1`, [blockId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -18511,7 +18656,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					blockId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -18581,7 +18726,7 @@ var PromptBlocksPG = class PromptBlocksPG extends PromptBlocksStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_PROMPT_BLOCK_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1`, [blockId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "blockId" = $1`, [blockId]);
 			return parseInt(result.count, 10);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
@@ -18682,6 +18827,7 @@ function rowToTrigger(row) {
 var SchedulesPG = class SchedulesPG extends SchedulesStorage {
 	#db;
 	#client;
+	#readClient;
 	#schema;
 	#skipDefaultIndexes;
 	#indexes;
@@ -18701,10 +18847,12 @@ var SchedulesPG = class SchedulesPG extends SchedulesStorage {
 	} };
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#client = client;
+		this.#readClient = readClient;
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -18828,7 +18976,7 @@ var SchedulesPG = class SchedulesPG extends SchedulesStorage {
 		return getTableName$2(tableName, getSchemaName$2(parseSqlIdentifier(this.#schema, "schema name")));
 	}
 	async createSchedule(schedule) {
-		if (await this.getSchedule(schedule.id)) throw new Error(`Schedule with id "${schedule.id}" already exists`);
+		if (await this.#getSchedule(this.#client, schedule.id)) throw new Error(`Schedule with id "${schedule.id}" already exists`);
 		await this.#db.insert({
 			tableName: TABLE_SCHEDULES,
 			record: {
@@ -18850,7 +18998,14 @@ var SchedulesPG = class SchedulesPG extends SchedulesStorage {
 		return schedule;
 	}
 	async getSchedule(id) {
-		const row = await this.#client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${this.#table(TABLE_SCHEDULES)} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+		return this.#getSchedule(this.#readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getSchedule(client, id) {
+		const row = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${this.#table(TABLE_SCHEDULES)} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 		return row ? rowToSchedule(row) : null;
 	}
 	async listSchedules(filter) {
@@ -18875,7 +19030,7 @@ var SchedulesPG = class SchedulesPG extends SchedulesStorage {
 			conditions.push(`owner_id = $${params.length}`);
 		}
 		const where = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-		return (await this.#client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${this.#table(TABLE_SCHEDULES)} ${where} ORDER BY created_at ASC`, params)).map(rowToSchedule);
+		return (await this.#readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${this.#table(TABLE_SCHEDULES)} ${where} ORDER BY created_at ASC`, params)).map(rowToSchedule);
 	}
 	async listDueSchedules(now, limit) {
 		const cap = limit ?? 100;
@@ -18905,13 +19060,13 @@ var SchedulesPG = class SchedulesPG extends SchedulesStorage {
 		if ("ownerId" in patch) push("owner_id = ?", patch.ownerId ?? null);
 		push("updated_at = ?", Date.now());
 		if (setClauses.length === 1) {
-			const existing = await this.getSchedule(id);
+			const existing = await this.#getSchedule(this.#client, id);
 			if (!existing) throw new Error(`Schedule ${id} not found`);
 			return existing;
 		}
 		params.push(id);
 		await this.#client.none(`UPDATE ${this.#table(TABLE_SCHEDULES)} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${params.length}`, params);
-		const updated = await this.getSchedule(id);
+		const updated = await this.#getSchedule(this.#client, id);
 		if (!updated) throw new Error(`Schedule ${id} not found`);
 		return updated;
 	}
@@ -18968,7 +19123,7 @@ var SchedulesPG = class SchedulesPG extends SchedulesStorage {
 			params.push(Math.floor(opts.limit));
 			limitClause = `LIMIT $${params.length}`;
 		}
-		return (await this.#client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${this.#table(TABLE_SCHEDULE_TRIGGERS)}
+		return (await this.#readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${this.#table(TABLE_SCHEDULE_TRIGGERS)}
        WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}
        ORDER BY actual_fire_at DESC
        ${limitClause}`, params)).map(rowToTrigger);
@@ -18994,9 +19149,10 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITIONS, TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITION_VERSIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -19073,12 +19229,19 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 		await this.#db.clearTable({ tableName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITIONS });
 	}
 	async getById(id) {
+		return this.#getById(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getById(client, id) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseScorerRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -19161,7 +19324,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const existingScorer = await this.getById(id);
+			const existingScorer = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!existingScorer) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_SCORER_DEFINITION", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -19200,7 +19363,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 			values.push(now);
 			values.push(id);
 			await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			const updatedScorer = await this.getById(id);
+			const updatedScorer = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!updatedScorer) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_SCORER_DEFINITION", "NOT_FOUND_AFTER_UPDATE"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -19277,7 +19440,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 				queryParams.push(JSON.stringify(metadata));
 			}
 			const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				scorerDefinitions: [],
@@ -19288,7 +19451,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				scorerDefinitions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
+				scorerDefinitions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -19370,7 +19533,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITION_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -19389,7 +19552,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITION_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [scorerDefinitionId, versionNumber]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [scorerDefinitionId, versionNumber]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -19411,7 +19574,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITION_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [scorerDefinitionId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [scorerDefinitionId]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -19440,7 +19603,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITION_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1`, [scorerDefinitionId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1`, [scorerDefinitionId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -19451,7 +19614,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					scorerDefinitionId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -19521,7 +19684,7 @@ var ScorerDefinitionsPG = class ScorerDefinitionsPG extends ScorerDefinitionsSto
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORER_DEFINITION_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1`, [scorerDefinitionId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "scorerDefinitionId" = $1`, [scorerDefinitionId]);
 			return parseInt(result.count, 10);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
@@ -19618,9 +19781,10 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 	} };
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -19754,7 +19918,7 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 	}
 	async getScoreById({ id }) {
 		try {
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$1(this.#schema)
 			})} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
@@ -19786,7 +19950,7 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 			}
 			paramIndex = applyTenancyFilters(conditions, queryParams, paramIndex, filters);
 			const whereClause = conditions.join(" AND ");
-			const total = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${getTableName$1({
+			const total = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${getTableName$1({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$1(this.#schema)
 			})} WHERE ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
@@ -19804,7 +19968,7 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? Number(total?.count) : perPage;
 			const end = perPageInput === false ? Number(total?.count) : start + perPage;
-			const result = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$1(this.#schema)
 			})} WHERE ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT $${paramIndex++} OFFSET $${paramIndex++}`, [
@@ -19894,7 +20058,7 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 			const queryParams = [runId];
 			let paramIndex = applyTenancyFilters(conditions, queryParams, 2, filters);
 			const whereClause = conditions.join(" AND ");
-			const total = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${getTableName$1({
+			const total = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${getTableName$1({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$1(this.#schema)
 			})} WHERE ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
@@ -19912,7 +20076,7 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? Number(total?.count) : perPage;
 			const end = perPageInput === false ? Number(total?.count) : start + perPage;
-			const result = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$1(this.#schema)
 			})} WHERE ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT $${paramIndex++} OFFSET $${paramIndex++}`, [
@@ -19943,7 +20107,7 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 			const queryParams = [entityId, entityType];
 			let paramIndex = applyTenancyFilters(conditions, queryParams, 3, filters);
 			const whereClause = conditions.join(" AND ");
-			const total = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${getTableName$1({
+			const total = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${getTableName$1({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$1(this.#schema)
 			})} WHERE ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
@@ -19961,7 +20125,7 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? Number(total?.count) : perPage;
 			const end = perPageInput === false ? Number(total?.count) : start + perPage;
-			const result = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${getTableName$1({
 				indexName: TABLE_SCORERS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$1(this.#schema)
 			})} WHERE ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT $${paramIndex++} OFFSET $${paramIndex++}`, [
@@ -19996,14 +20160,14 @@ var ScoresPG = class ScoresPG extends ScoresStorage {
 			const queryParams = [traceId, spanId];
 			let paramIndex = applyTenancyFilters(conditions, queryParams, 3, filters);
 			const whereClause = conditions.join(" AND ");
-			const countSQLResult = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countSQLResult = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = Number(countSQLResult?.count ?? 0);
 			const { page, perPage: perPageInput } = pagination;
 			const perPage = normalizePerPage(perPageInput, 100);
 			const { offset: start, perPage: perPageForResponse } = calculatePagination(page, perPageInput, perPage);
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			const end = perPageInput === false ? total : start + perPage;
-			const result = await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT $${paramIndex++} OFFSET $${paramIndex++}`, [
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE ${whereClause} ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT $${paramIndex++} OFFSET $${paramIndex++}`, [
 				...queryParams,
 				limitValue,
 				start
@@ -20051,9 +20215,10 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_SKILLS, TABLE_SKILL_VERSIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -20127,12 +20292,19 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 		await this.#db.clearTable({ tableName: TABLE_SKILLS });
 	}
 	async getById(id) {
+		return this.#getById(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getById(client, id) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_SKILLS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseSkillRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -20214,7 +20386,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SKILLS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			if (!await this.getById(id)) throw new MastraError({
+			if (!await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id)) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_SKILL", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
 				category: ErrorCategory.USER,
@@ -20226,7 +20398,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 			const configFields = {};
 			for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(rawConfigFields)) if (value !== void 0) configFields[key] = value;
 			if (SNAPSHOT_FIELDS$1.some((field) => field in configFields)) {
-				const latestVersion = await this.getLatestVersion(id);
+				const latestVersion = await this.#getLatestVersion(this.#db.client, id);
 				if (!latestVersion) throw new MastraError({
 					id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_SKILL", "NO_VERSIONS"),
 					domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -20283,7 +20455,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 			values.push(now);
 			values.push(id);
 			if (setClauses.length > 2 || versionCreated) await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			const updatedSkill = await this.getById(id);
+			const updatedSkill = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!updatedSkill) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_SKILL", "NOT_FOUND_AFTER_UPDATE"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -20376,7 +20548,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 			const joinClause = useJoin && joinSqlIdx !== null ? `LEFT JOIN ${favoritesTable} sr ON sr."entityType" = 'skill' AND sr."entityId" = s.id AND sr."userId" = $${joinSqlIdx}` : "";
 			const joinParams = useJoin && joinUserId ? [joinUserId] : [];
 			const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} s ${joinClause} ${whereClause}`, [...joinParams, ...queryParams]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} s ${joinClause} ${whereClause}`, [...joinParams, ...queryParams]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				skills: [],
@@ -20394,7 +20566,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 			const limitIdx = paramIdx++;
 			const offsetIdx = paramIdx++;
 			return {
-				skills: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT s.* FROM ${tableName} s ${joinClause} ${whereClause} ${orderByClause} LIMIT $${limitIdx} OFFSET $${offsetIdx}`, [
+				skills: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT s.* FROM ${tableName} s ${joinClause} ${whereClause} ${orderByClause} LIMIT $${limitIdx} OFFSET $${offsetIdx}`, [
 					...joinParams,
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
@@ -20482,7 +20654,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SKILL_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -20503,7 +20675,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
 			const placeholders = ids.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`).join(", ");
-			return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id IN (${placeholders})`, ids)).map((row) => this.parseVersionRow(row));
+			return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id IN (${placeholders})`, ids)).map((row) => this.parseVersionRow(row));
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
 			throw new MastraError({
@@ -20520,7 +20692,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SKILL_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [skillId, versionNumber]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [skillId, versionNumber]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -20537,12 +20709,19 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 		}
 	}
 	async getLatestVersion(skillId) {
+		return this.#getLatestVersion(this.#db.readClient, skillId);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getLatestVersion(client, skillId) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_SKILL_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [skillId]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [skillId]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -20571,7 +20750,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SKILL_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1`, [skillId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1`, [skillId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -20582,7 +20761,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					skillId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -20652,7 +20831,7 @@ var SkillsPG = class SkillsPG extends SkillsStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_SKILL_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1`, [skillId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "skillId" = $1`, [skillId]);
 			return parseInt(result.count, 10);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
@@ -20727,9 +20906,10 @@ var ThreadStatePG = class ThreadStatePG extends ThreadStateStorage {
 	} };
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -20892,9 +21072,10 @@ var ToolProviderConnectionsPG = class ToolProviderConnectionsPG extends ToolProv
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_TOOL_PROVIDER_CONNECTIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -20973,7 +21154,7 @@ var ToolProviderConnectionsPG = class ToolProviderConnectionsPG extends ToolProv
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
 		try {
-			const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "authorId" = $1 AND "providerId" = $2 AND "connectionId" = $3 LIMIT 1`, [
+			const row = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "authorId" = $1 AND "providerId" = $2 AND "connectionId" = $3 LIMIT 1`, [
 				authorId,
 				providerId,
 				connectionId
@@ -21080,7 +21261,7 @@ var ToolProviderConnectionsPG = class ToolProviderConnectionsPG extends ToolProv
 				clauses.push(`scope = $${args.length}`);
 			}
 			const whereClause = clauses.length > 0 ? ` WHERE ${clauses.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			return (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName}${whereClause}`, args)).map((row) => rowToToolProviderConnection(row));
+			return (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName}${whereClause}`, args)).map((row) => rowToToolProviderConnection(row));
 		} catch (error) {
 			throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "TOOL_PROVIDER_CONNECTION_LIST", "FAILED"),
@@ -21156,9 +21337,10 @@ var WorkflowDefinitionsPG = class WorkflowDefinitionsPG extends WorkflowDefiniti
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_WORKFLOW_DEFINITIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -21215,7 +21397,7 @@ var WorkflowDefinitionsPG = class WorkflowDefinitionsPG extends WorkflowDefiniti
 	}
 	async upsert(input) {
 		const now = /* @__PURE__ */ new Date();
-		if (!await this.get(input.id)) {
+		if (!await this.#get(this.#db.client, input.id)) {
 			if (!("inputSchema" in input) || !input.inputSchema) throw new Error(`Cannot create workflow definition "${input.id}": inputSchema is required.`);
 			if (!("outputSchema" in input) || !input.outputSchema) throw new Error(`Cannot create workflow definition "${input.id}": outputSchema is required.`);
 			if (!("graph" in input) || !input.graph) throw new Error(`Cannot create workflow definition "${input.id}": graph is required.`);
@@ -21241,10 +21423,10 @@ var WorkflowDefinitionsPG = class WorkflowDefinitionsPG extends WorkflowDefiniti
 					record
 				});
 			} catch (error) {
-				if (!await this.get(input.id)) throw error;
+				if (!await this.#get(this.#db.client, input.id)) throw error;
 				return this.applyUpdate(input, now);
 			}
-			const created = await this.get(input.id);
+			const created = await this.#get(this.#db.client, input.id);
 			if (!created) throw new Error(`Failed to persist workflow definition "${input.id}".`);
 			return created;
 		}
@@ -21267,16 +21449,23 @@ var WorkflowDefinitionsPG = class WorkflowDefinitionsPG extends WorkflowDefiniti
 			keys: { id: input.id },
 			data
 		});
-		const updated = await this.get(input.id);
+		const updated = await this.#get(this.#db.client, input.id);
 		if (!updated) throw new Error(`Failed to update workflow definition "${input.id}".`);
 		return updated;
 	}
 	async get(id) {
+		return this.#get(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #get(client, id) {
 		const tableName = getTableName$5({
 			indexName: TABLE_WORKFLOW_DEFINITIONS,
 			schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 		});
-		const row = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1`, [id]);
+		const row = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "id" = $1`, [id]);
 		return row ? rowToDefinition(row) : null;
 	}
 	async list(args) {
@@ -21295,7 +21484,7 @@ var WorkflowDefinitionsPG = class WorkflowDefinitionsPG extends WorkflowDefiniti
 			conditions.push(`"authorId" = $${params.length}`);
 		}
 		const where = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-		const definitions = (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${where} ORDER BY "updatedAt" DESC`, params)).map((row) => rowToDefinition(row));
+		const definitions = (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${where} ORDER BY "updatedAt" DESC`, params)).map((row) => rowToDefinition(row));
 		return {
 			definitions,
 			total: definitions.length
@@ -21360,9 +21549,10 @@ var WorkflowsPG = class WorkflowsPG extends WorkflowsStorage {
 	} };
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -21685,7 +21875,7 @@ var WorkflowsPG = class WorkflowsPG extends WorkflowsStorage {
           ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT 1
         `;
 			const queryValues = values;
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(query, queryValues);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(query, queryValues);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseWorkflowRun(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -21814,9 +22004,10 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 	static MANAGED_TABLES = [TABLE_WORKSPACES, TABLE_WORKSPACE_VERSIONS];
 	constructor(config) {
 		super();
-		const { client, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
+		const { client, readClient, schemaName, skipDefaultIndexes, indexes } = resolvePgConfig(config);
 		this.#db = new PgDB({
 			client,
+			readClient,
 			schemaName,
 			skipDefaultIndexes
 		});
@@ -21880,12 +22071,19 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 		await this.#db.clearTable({ tableName: TABLE_WORKSPACES });
 	}
 	async getById(id) {
+		return this.#getById(this.#db.readClient, id);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getById(client, id) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_WORKSPACES,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseWorkspaceRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -21964,7 +22162,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_WORKSPACES,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const existingWorkspace = await this.getById(id);
+			const existingWorkspace = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!existingWorkspace) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_WORKSPACE", "NOT_FOUND"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -21977,7 +22175,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 			const configFields = {};
 			for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(rawConfigFields)) if (value !== void 0) configFields[key] = value;
 			if (SNAPSHOT_FIELDS.some((field) => field in configFields)) {
-				const latestVersion = await this.getLatestVersion(id);
+				const latestVersion = await this.#getLatestVersion(this.#db.client, id);
 				if (!latestVersion) throw new MastraError({
 					id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_WORKSPACE", "NO_VERSIONS"),
 					domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -22038,7 +22236,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 			values.push(now);
 			values.push(id);
 			if (setClauses.length > 2 || versionCreated) await this.#db.client.none(`UPDATE ${tableName} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${paramIndex}`, values);
-			const updatedWorkspace = await this.getById(id);
+			const updatedWorkspace = await this.#getById(this.#db.client, id);
 			if (!updatedWorkspace) throw new MastraError({
 				id: createStorageErrorId("PG", "UPDATE_WORKSPACE", "NOT_FOUND_AFTER_UPDATE"),
 				domain: ErrorDomain.STORAGE,
@@ -22103,7 +22301,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 				queryParams.push(JSON.stringify(metadata));
 			}
 			const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause}`, queryParams);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				workspaces: [],
@@ -22114,7 +22312,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				workspaces: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
+				workspaces: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} ${whereClause} ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $${paramIdx++} OFFSET $${paramIdx++}`, [
 					...queryParams,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -22199,7 +22397,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_WORKSPACE_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE id = $1`, [id]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -22218,7 +22416,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_WORKSPACE_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [workspaceId, versionNumber]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1 AND "versionNumber" = $2`, [workspaceId, versionNumber]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -22235,12 +22433,19 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 		}
 	}
 	async getLatestVersion(workspaceId) {
+		return this.#getLatestVersion(this.#db.readClient, workspaceId);
+	}
+	/**
+	* Same lookup against an explicit client. Mutation paths pass the writer so a
+	* lagging read replica cannot yield stale or missing rows mid-update.
+	*/
+	async #getLatestVersion(client, workspaceId) {
 		try {
 			const tableName = getTableName$5({
 				indexName: TABLE_WORKSPACE_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [workspaceId]);
+			const result = await client.oneOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1 ORDER BY "versionNumber" DESC LIMIT 1`, [workspaceId]);
 			if (!result) return null;
 			return this.parseVersionRow(result);
 		} catch (error) {
@@ -22269,7 +22474,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_WORKSPACE_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const countResult = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1`, [workspaceId]);
+			const countResult = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1`, [workspaceId]);
 			const total = parseInt(countResult.count, 10);
 			if (total === 0) return {
 				versions: [],
@@ -22280,7 +22485,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 			};
 			const limitValue = perPageInput === false ? total : perPage;
 			return {
-				versions: (await this.#db.client.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
+				versions: (await this.#db.readClient.manyOrNone(`SELECT * FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1 ORDER BY "${field}" ${direction} LIMIT $2 OFFSET $3`, [
 					workspaceId,
 					limitValue,
 					offset
@@ -22350,7 +22555,7 @@ var WorkspacesPG = class WorkspacesPG extends WorkspacesStorage {
 				indexName: TABLE_WORKSPACE_VERSIONS,
 				schemaName: getSchemaName$5(this.#schema)
 			});
-			const result = await this.#db.client.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1`, [workspaceId]);
+			const result = await this.#db.readClient.one(`SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM ${tableName} WHERE "workspaceId" = $1`, [workspaceId]);
 			return parseInt(result.count, 10);
 		} catch (error) {
 			if (error instanceof MastraError) throw error;
@@ -22926,10 +23131,12 @@ function exportSchemas(schemaName) {
 * ```
 */
 var PostgresStore = class extends MastraCompositeStore {
-	#pool;
+	#writePool;
+	#readPool;
 	#db;
-	#ownsPool;
-	#poolClosed = false;
+	#readDb;
+	#ownsWritePool;
+	#writePoolClosed = false;
 	schema;
 	isInitialized = false;
 	#initPromise = null;
@@ -22945,15 +23152,21 @@ var PostgresStore = class extends MastraCompositeStore {
 			});
 			this.schema = parseSqlIdentifier(config.schemaName || "public", "schema name");
 			if (isPoolConfig(config)) {
-				this.#pool = config.pool;
-				this.#ownsPool = false;
+				this.#writePool = config.pool;
+				this.#ownsWritePool = false;
+			} else if (isWritePoolConfig(config)) {
+				this.#writePool = config.writePool;
+				this.#ownsWritePool = false;
 			} else {
-				this.#pool = this.createPool(config);
-				this.#ownsPool = true;
+				this.#writePool = this.createPool(config);
+				this.#ownsWritePool = true;
 			}
-			this.#db = new RoutingDbClient(new PoolAdapter(this.#pool));
+			this.#readPool = config.readPool ?? this.#writePool;
+			this.#db = new RoutingDbClient(new PoolAdapter(this.#writePool));
+			this.#readDb = this.#readPool === this.#writePool ? this.#db : new PoolAdapter(this.#readPool);
 			const domainConfig = {
 				client: this.#db,
+				readClient: this.#readDb,
 				schemaName: this.schema,
 				skipDefaultIndexes: config.skipDefaultIndexes,
 				indexes: config.indexes
@@ -23013,8 +23226,8 @@ var PostgresStore = class extends MastraCompositeStore {
 	async #runPinnedInit() {
 		let pinnedClient;
 		try {
-			pinnedClient = await this.#pool.connect();
-			const pinned = new PinnedClientAdapter(this.#pool, pinnedClient);
+			pinnedClient = await this.#writePool.connect();
+			const pinned = new PinnedClientAdapter(this.#writePool, pinnedClient);
 			this.#db.pin(pinned);
 			this.#db.setSchemaSnapshot(await loadSchemaSnapshot(pinned, this.schema));
 			await super.init();
@@ -23047,21 +23260,27 @@ var PostgresStore = class extends MastraCompositeStore {
 	get db() {
 		return this.#db;
 	}
-	/**
-	* The underlying pg.Pool for direct database access or ORM integration.
-	*/
+	/** Database client for queries that may run against the configured read replica. */
+	get readDb() {
+		return this.#readDb;
+	}
+	/** The underlying writer pg.Pool for direct database access or ORM integration. */
 	get pool() {
-		return this.#pool;
+		return this.#writePool;
+	}
+	/** The underlying reader pg.Pool, falling back to the writer pool when unset. */
+	get readPool() {
+		return this.#readPool;
 	}
 	/**
-	* Closes the connection pool if it was created by this store.
-	* If a pool was passed in via config, it will not be closed.
+	* Closes the writer connection pool if it was created by this store.
+	* Caller-provided writer and reader pools are not closed.
 	* Safe to call multiple times — subsequent calls are no-ops.
 	*/
 	async close() {
-		if (this.#ownsPool && !this.#poolClosed) {
-			this.#poolClosed = true;
-			await this.#pool.end();
+		if (this.#ownsWritePool && !this.#writePoolClosed) {
+			this.#writePoolClosed = true;
+			await this.#writePool.end();
 		}
 	}
 };