@mastra/duckdb 1.15.0-alpha.3 → 1.15.0-alpha.4

package/dist/docs/SKILL.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: mastra-duckdb
 description: Documentation for @mastra/duckdb. Use when working with @mastra/duckdb APIs, configuration, or implementation.
 metadata:
   package: "@mastra/duckdb"
-  version: "1.15.0-alpha.3"
+  version: "1.15.0-alpha.4"
 ---
 
 ## When to use

package/dist/docs/assets/SOURCE_MAP.json

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "version": "1.15.0-alpha.3",
+  "version": "1.15.0-alpha.4",
   "package": "@mastra/duckdb",
   "exports": {},
   "modules": {}

package/dist/{features-DxaUwIC2.cjs → features-D7U4aB_V.cjs}

@@ -283,7 +283,9 @@ const threadQueryFeatures = typeof _mastra_core_storage.planThreadRowsQuery ===
 const spanQueryFeatures = typeof _mastra_core_storage.planSpanQuery === "function" ? ["span-query", "span-query-context-fields"] : [];
 /** Core versions without the field reject it in trace query results, so it is only returned when core knows it. */
 const timeToFirstChunkSupported = "timeToFirstChunkMs" in _mastra_core_storage.TRACE_QUERY_FIELD_REGISTRY.trace;
-const timeToFirstChunkFeatures = timeToFirstChunkSupported ? ["trace-query-time-to-first-chunk"] : [];
+/** Core before the sort rejects `orderBy` on the field, so the sort is only declared when core plans it. */
+const timeToFirstChunkSortSupported = _mastra_core_storage.TRACE_QUERY_ORDER_FIELDS?.includes("timeToFirstChunkMs") === true;
+const timeToFirstChunkFeatures = [...timeToFirstChunkSupported ? ["trace-query-time-to-first-chunk"] : [], ...timeToFirstChunkSortSupported ? ["trace-query-time-to-first-chunk-sort"] : []];
 //#endregion
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "DuckDBConnection", {
 	enumerable: true,
@@ -334,4 +336,4 @@ Object.defineProperty(exports, "timeToFirstChunkSupported", {
 	}
 });
 
-//# sourceMappingURL=features-DxaUwIC2.cjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=features-D7U4aB_V.cjs.map

package/dist/{features-DxaUwIC2.cjs.map → features-D7U4aB_V.cjs.map}

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"features-DxaUwIC2.cjs","names":["DuckDBTimestampValue","DuckDBTimestampTZValue","MastraBase","DuckDBInstance","coreStorage"],"sources":["../src/storage/db/index.ts","../src/storage/features.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { DuckDBInstance, DuckDBTimestampValue, DuckDBTimestampTZValue } from '@duckdb/node-api';\nimport type { DuckDBPreparedStatement } from '@duckdb/node-api';\nimport { MastraBase } from '@mastra/core/base';\n\n/**\n * Bind a single parameter to a prepared statement using explicit typed methods.\n * This avoids the \"Cannot create values of type ANY\" error that occurs when\n * DuckDB cannot infer parameter types from SQL context (e.g. json_extract_string).\n */\nexport function bindParam(stmt: DuckDBPreparedStatement, index: number, value: unknown): void {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) {\n    stmt.bindNull(index);\n  } else if (typeof value === 'string') {\n    stmt.bindVarchar(index, value);\n  } else if (typeof value === 'number') {\n    if (Number.isInteger(value) && value >= -2147483648 && value <= 2147483647) {\n      stmt.bindInteger(index, value);\n    } else {\n      stmt.bindDouble(index, value);\n    }\n  } else if (typeof value === 'boolean') {\n    stmt.bindBoolean(index, value);\n  } else if (typeof value === 'bigint') {\n    stmt.bindBigInt(index, value);\n  } else if (value instanceof Date) {\n    stmt.bindTimestamp(index, new DuckDBTimestampValue(BigInt(value.getTime()) * 1000n));\n  } else if (value instanceof DuckDBTimestampValue) {\n    stmt.bindTimestamp(index, value);\n  } else if (value instanceof DuckDBTimestampTZValue) {\n    stmt.bindTimestampTZ(index, value);\n  } else {\n    // Fallback: serialize to JSON string\n    stmt.bindVarchar(index, JSON.stringify(value));\n  }\n}\n\n/** Convert DuckDB-specific return types to plain JS types */\nfunction toJsValue(val: unknown): unknown {\n  if (val === null || val === undefined) return val;\n  // DuckDBTimestampValue → Date (micros since epoch)\n  if (val instanceof DuckDBTimestampValue) {\n    return new Date(Number(val.micros / 1000n));\n  }\n  // BigInt → Number (safe for values we care about)\n  if (typeof val === 'bigint') {\n    return Number(val);\n  }\n  return val;\n}\n\n/** A query interrupted at its caller-supplied deadline. */\nexport class DuckDBQueryTimeoutError extends Error {\n  constructor() {\n    super('DuckDB query exceeded its deadline');\n    this.name = 'DuckDBQueryTimeoutError';\n  }\n}\n\n/** Configuration for the DuckDB database connection. */\nexport interface DuckDBStorageConfig {\n  /** Path to the DuckDB file. Defaults to 'mastra.duckdb'. Use ':memory:' for ephemeral. */\n  path?: string;\n  /**\n   * Maximum memory DuckDB may use (e.g. '2GB', '512MB').\n   * @default '2GB'\n   * DuckDB's own default is 80% of system RAM, which is far too aggressive for\n   * a store embedded in an application server — a single query against a large\n   * database can balloon the process by several GB and push the host into\n   * swap. Larger-than-memory operations spill to disk for file-backed\n   * databases. Raise this for dedicated analytical workloads.\n   */\n  memoryLimit?: string;\n  /**\n   * Number of threads DuckDB may use. Defaults to DuckDB's default (one per\n   * CPU core). Lower this to keep queries from monopolizing all cores of a\n   * shared application server.\n   */\n  threads?: number;\n}\n\nconst DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT = '2GB';\n\n/**\n * Shared DuckDB connection management for Mastra storage.\n * Defaults to a local file (`mastra.duckdb`) when no path is provided.\n * Pass `path: ':memory:'` for an ephemeral in-memory database.\n */\nexport class DuckDBConnection extends MastraBase {\n  private instance: DuckDBInstance | null = null;\n  private initialized = false;\n  private initPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;\n  private path: string;\n  private instanceOptions: Record<string, string>;\n\n  constructor(config: DuckDBStorageConfig = {}) {\n    super({ component: 'STORAGE', name: 'DUCKDB' });\n    this.path = config.path ?? 'mastra.duckdb';\n    this.instanceOptions = {\n      max_memory: config.memoryLimit ?? DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT,\n      ...(config.threads !== undefined ? { threads: String(config.threads) } : {}),\n    };\n  }\n\n  private async initialize(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.initialized && this.instance) return;\n\n    if (this.initPromise) {\n      await this.initPromise;\n      if (this.instance) return;\n      this.initPromise = null;\n      this.initialized = false;\n    }\n\n    this.initPromise = (async () => {\n      try {\n        this.instance = await DuckDBInstance.create(this.path, this.instanceOptions);\n        this.initialized = true;\n      } catch (error) {\n        this.instance = null;\n        this.initialized = false;\n        this.initPromise = null;\n        throw error;\n      }\n    })();\n\n    return this.initPromise;\n  }\n\n  /** Create a new connection to the DuckDB instance, initializing if needed. */\n  async getConnection() {\n    await this.initialize();\n    if (!this.instance) {\n      throw new Error('DuckDB instance not initialized');\n    }\n    return this.instance.connect();\n  }\n\n  private closeConnection(connection: unknown): void {\n    const conn = connection as {\n      closeSync?: () => void;\n      disconnectSync?: () => void;\n      close?: () => void;\n      disconnect?: () => void;\n    };\n    try {\n      if (typeof conn?.closeSync === 'function') {\n        conn.closeSync();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.disconnectSync === 'function') {\n        conn.disconnectSync();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.close === 'function') {\n        conn.close();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.disconnect === 'function') {\n        conn.disconnect();\n      }\n    } catch {\n      // Ignore close failures to avoid masking query/execute errors.\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute a SQL query and return results as objects.\n   */\n  async query<T = Record<string, unknown>>(sql: string, params: unknown[] = [], timeoutMs?: number): Promise<T[]> {\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    let timedOut = false;\n    const timer =\n      timeoutMs === undefined\n        ? undefined\n        : setTimeout(() => {\n            timedOut = true;\n            connection.interrupt();\n          }, timeoutMs);\n    try {\n      if (params.length === 0) {\n        const result = await connection.run(sql);\n        const rows = await result.getRows();\n        const columns = result.columnNames();\n        return rows.map(row => {\n          const obj: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n          columns.forEach((col, i) => {\n            obj[col] = toJsValue(row[i]);\n          });\n          return obj as T;\n        });\n      }\n\n      let paramIndex = 0;\n      const preparedSql = sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n      const stmt = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n      for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n        bindParam(stmt, i + 1, params[i]);\n      }\n      const result = await stmt.run();\n      const rows = await result.getRows();\n      const columns = result.columnNames();\n      return rows.map(row => {\n        const obj: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n        columns.forEach((col, i) => {\n          obj[col] = toJsValue(row[i]);\n        });\n        return obj as T;\n      });\n    } catch (error) {\n      if (timedOut) throw new DuckDBQueryTimeoutError();\n      throw error;\n    } finally {\n      if (timer !== undefined) clearTimeout(timer);\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute a SQL statement without returning results.\n   */\n  async execute(sql: string, params: unknown[] = []): Promise<void> {\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      if (params.length === 0) {\n        await connection.run(sql);\n        return;\n      }\n      let paramIndex = 0;\n      const preparedSql = sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n      const stmt = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n      for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n        bindParam(stmt, i + 1, params[i]);\n      }\n      await stmt.run();\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /** Delete one bounded retention batch and return the number of rows removed. */\n  async pruneBatch({\n    tableName,\n    column,\n    cutoff,\n    limit,\n  }: {\n    tableName: string;\n    column: string;\n    cutoff: Date;\n    limit: number;\n  }): Promise<number> {\n    const identifier = /^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/;\n    if (!identifier.test(tableName) || !identifier.test(column)) {\n      throw new Error(`Invalid retention identifier: ${tableName}.${column}`);\n    }\n\n    const rows = await this.query(\n      `DELETE FROM ${tableName}\n       WHERE rowid IN (\n         SELECT rowid FROM ${tableName}\n         WHERE ${column} < ?\n         ORDER BY ${column}\n         LIMIT ?\n       )\n       RETURNING 1 AS deleted`,\n      [cutoff, limit],\n    );\n    return rows.length;\n  }\n\n  /** Execute parameterized statements atomically using a single DuckDB connection. */\n  async executeTransaction(statements: readonly { sql: string; params?: readonly unknown[] }[]): Promise<void> {\n    if (statements.length === 0) return;\n\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      await connection.run('BEGIN TRANSACTION');\n      for (const statement of statements) {\n        const params = statement.params ?? [];\n        if (params.length === 0) {\n          await connection.run(statement.sql);\n          continue;\n        }\n        let paramIndex = 0;\n        const preparedSql = statement.sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n        const prepared = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n        for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n          bindParam(prepared, i + 1, params[i]);\n        }\n        await prepared.run();\n      }\n      await connection.run('COMMIT');\n    } catch (error) {\n      await connection.run('ROLLBACK').catch(() => undefined);\n      throw error;\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute multiple SQL statements in order using a single DuckDB connection.\n   *\n   * This is intended for schema setup/migrations where statements have no\n   * parameters and must remain ordered, but opening a connection per statement\n   * would dominate initialization cost. Blank statements are skipped. Like\n   * calling execute() repeatedly, this does not wrap statements in a transaction,\n   * so prior statements can remain applied if a later statement fails.\n   */\n  async executeBatch(sqlStatements: readonly string[]): Promise<void> {\n    const statements = sqlStatements.map(statement => statement.trim()).filter(Boolean);\n    if (statements.length === 0) return;\n\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      const sql =\n        statements.map((statement, i) => `-- executeBatch statement ${i + 1}\\n${statement}`).join('\\n;\\n') + '\\n;';\n      await connection.run(sql);\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Escape a value for safe inline SQL use.\n   * DuckDB prepared statements can't handle NULL for parameters typed as ANY,\n   * so for complex INSERT/UPDATE operations we inline values safely.\n   */\n  static sqlValue(value: unknown): string {\n    if (value === null || value === undefined) return 'NULL';\n    if (typeof value === 'number') {\n      if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 'NULL';\n      return String(value);\n    }\n    if (typeof value === 'boolean') return value ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';\n    if (value instanceof Date) return `'${value.toISOString()}'::TIMESTAMP`;\n    if (typeof value === 'string') return `'${value.replace(/'/g, \"''\")}'`;\n    // Objects/arrays → JSON string\n    return `'${JSON.stringify(value).replace(/'/g, \"''\")}'`;\n  }\n\n  /** Release the DuckDB instance, allowing garbage collection. */\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.instance) {\n      try {\n        const instance = this.instance as unknown as { closeSync?: () => void; close?: () => void };\n        if (typeof instance.closeSync === 'function') {\n          instance.closeSync();\n        } else if (typeof instance.close === 'function') {\n          instance.close();\n        }\n      } catch {\n        // Ignore close failures to allow cleanup of references.\n      }\n      this.instance = null;\n      this.initialized = false;\n      this.initPromise = null;\n    }\n  }\n}\n","import * as coreStorage from '@mastra/core/storage';\n\nexport const threadQueryFeatures =\n  typeof coreStorage.planThreadRowsQuery === 'function' ? (['thread-query-rows'] as const) : ([] as const);\n\nexport const spanQueryFeatures =\n  typeof coreStorage.planSpanQuery === 'function'\n    ? (['span-query', 'span-query-context-fields'] as const)\n    : ([] as const);\n\n/** Core versions without the field reject it in trace query results, so it is only returned when core knows it. */\nexport const timeToFirstChunkSupported = 'timeToFirstChunkMs' in coreStorage.TRACE_QUERY_FIELD_REGISTRY.trace;\n\nexport const timeToFirstChunkFeatures = timeToFirstChunkSupported\n  ? (['trace-query-time-to-first-chunk'] as const)\n  : ([] as 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Defaults to 'mastra.duckdb'. Use ':memory:' for ephemeral. */\n  path?: string;\n  /**\n   * Maximum memory DuckDB may use (e.g. '2GB', '512MB').\n   * @default '2GB'\n   * DuckDB's own default is 80% of system RAM, which is far too aggressive for\n   * a store embedded in an application server — a single query against a large\n   * database can balloon the process by several GB and push the host into\n   * swap. Larger-than-memory operations spill to disk for file-backed\n   * databases. Raise this for dedicated analytical workloads.\n   */\n  memoryLimit?: string;\n  /**\n   * Number of threads DuckDB may use. Defaults to DuckDB's default (one per\n   * CPU core). Lower this to keep queries from monopolizing all cores of a\n   * shared application server.\n   */\n  threads?: number;\n}\n\nconst DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT = '2GB';\n\n/**\n * Shared DuckDB connection management for Mastra storage.\n * Defaults to a local file (`mastra.duckdb`) when no path is provided.\n * Pass `path: ':memory:'` for an ephemeral in-memory database.\n */\nexport class DuckDBConnection extends MastraBase {\n  private instance: DuckDBInstance | null = null;\n  private initialized = false;\n  private initPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;\n  private path: string;\n  private instanceOptions: Record<string, string>;\n\n  constructor(config: DuckDBStorageConfig = {}) {\n    super({ component: 'STORAGE', name: 'DUCKDB' });\n    this.path = config.path ?? 'mastra.duckdb';\n    this.instanceOptions = {\n      max_memory: config.memoryLimit ?? DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT,\n      ...(config.threads !== undefined ? { threads: String(config.threads) } : {}),\n    };\n  }\n\n  private async initialize(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.initialized && this.instance) return;\n\n    if (this.initPromise) {\n      await this.initPromise;\n      if (this.instance) return;\n      this.initPromise = null;\n      this.initialized = false;\n    }\n\n    this.initPromise = (async () => {\n      try {\n        this.instance = await DuckDBInstance.create(this.path, this.instanceOptions);\n        this.initialized = true;\n      } catch (error) {\n        this.instance = null;\n        this.initialized = false;\n        this.initPromise = null;\n        throw error;\n      }\n    })();\n\n    return this.initPromise;\n  }\n\n  /** Create a new connection to the DuckDB instance, initializing if needed. */\n  async getConnection() {\n    await this.initialize();\n    if (!this.instance) {\n      throw new Error('DuckDB instance not initialized');\n    }\n    return this.instance.connect();\n  }\n\n  private closeConnection(connection: unknown): void {\n    const conn = connection as {\n      closeSync?: () => void;\n      disconnectSync?: () => void;\n      close?: () => void;\n      disconnect?: () => void;\n    };\n    try {\n      if (typeof conn?.closeSync === 'function') {\n        conn.closeSync();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.disconnectSync === 'function') {\n        conn.disconnectSync();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.close === 'function') {\n        conn.close();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.disconnect === 'function') {\n        conn.disconnect();\n      }\n    } catch {\n      // Ignore close failures to avoid masking query/execute errors.\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute a SQL query and return results as objects.\n   */\n  async query<T = Record<string, unknown>>(sql: string, params: unknown[] = [], timeoutMs?: number): Promise<T[]> {\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    let timedOut = false;\n    const timer =\n      timeoutMs === undefined\n        ? undefined\n        : setTimeout(() => {\n            timedOut = true;\n            connection.interrupt();\n          }, timeoutMs);\n    try {\n      if (params.length === 0) {\n        const result = await connection.run(sql);\n        const rows = await result.getRows();\n        const columns = result.columnNames();\n        return rows.map(row => {\n          const obj: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n          columns.forEach((col, i) => {\n            obj[col] = toJsValue(row[i]);\n          });\n          return obj as T;\n        });\n      }\n\n      let paramIndex = 0;\n      const preparedSql = sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n      const stmt = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n      for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n        bindParam(stmt, i + 1, params[i]);\n      }\n      const result = await stmt.run();\n      const rows = await result.getRows();\n      const columns = result.columnNames();\n      return rows.map(row => {\n        const obj: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n        columns.forEach((col, i) => {\n          obj[col] = toJsValue(row[i]);\n        });\n        return obj as T;\n      });\n    } catch (error) {\n      if (timedOut) throw new DuckDBQueryTimeoutError();\n      throw error;\n    } finally {\n      if (timer !== undefined) clearTimeout(timer);\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute a SQL statement without returning results.\n   */\n  async execute(sql: string, params: unknown[] = []): Promise<void> {\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      if (params.length === 0) {\n        await connection.run(sql);\n        return;\n      }\n      let paramIndex = 0;\n      const preparedSql = sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n      const stmt = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n      for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n        bindParam(stmt, i + 1, params[i]);\n      }\n      await stmt.run();\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /** Delete one bounded retention batch and return the number of rows removed. */\n  async pruneBatch({\n    tableName,\n    column,\n    cutoff,\n    limit,\n  }: {\n    tableName: string;\n    column: string;\n    cutoff: Date;\n    limit: number;\n  }): Promise<number> {\n    const identifier = /^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/;\n    if (!identifier.test(tableName) || !identifier.test(column)) {\n      throw new Error(`Invalid retention identifier: ${tableName}.${column}`);\n    }\n\n    const rows = await this.query(\n      `DELETE FROM ${tableName}\n       WHERE rowid IN (\n         SELECT rowid FROM ${tableName}\n         WHERE ${column} < ?\n         ORDER BY ${column}\n         LIMIT ?\n       )\n       RETURNING 1 AS deleted`,\n      [cutoff, limit],\n    );\n    return rows.length;\n  }\n\n  /** Execute parameterized statements atomically using a single DuckDB connection. */\n  async executeTransaction(statements: readonly { sql: string; params?: readonly unknown[] }[]): Promise<void> {\n    if (statements.length === 0) return;\n\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      await connection.run('BEGIN TRANSACTION');\n      for (const statement of statements) {\n        const params = statement.params ?? [];\n        if (params.length === 0) {\n          await connection.run(statement.sql);\n          continue;\n        }\n        let paramIndex = 0;\n        const preparedSql = statement.sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n        const prepared = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n        for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n          bindParam(prepared, i + 1, params[i]);\n        }\n        await prepared.run();\n      }\n      await connection.run('COMMIT');\n    } catch (error) {\n      await connection.run('ROLLBACK').catch(() => undefined);\n      throw error;\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute multiple SQL statements in order using a single DuckDB connection.\n   *\n   * This is intended for schema setup/migrations where statements have no\n   * parameters and must remain ordered, but opening a connection per statement\n   * would dominate initialization cost. Blank statements are skipped. Like\n   * calling execute() repeatedly, this does not wrap statements in a transaction,\n   * so prior statements can remain applied if a later statement fails.\n   */\n  async executeBatch(sqlStatements: readonly string[]): Promise<void> {\n    const statements = sqlStatements.map(statement => statement.trim()).filter(Boolean);\n    if (statements.length === 0) return;\n\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      const sql =\n        statements.map((statement, i) => `-- executeBatch statement ${i + 1}\\n${statement}`).join('\\n;\\n') + '\\n;';\n      await connection.run(sql);\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Escape a value for safe inline SQL use.\n   * DuckDB prepared statements can't handle NULL for parameters typed as ANY,\n   * so for complex INSERT/UPDATE operations we inline values safely.\n   */\n  static sqlValue(value: unknown): string {\n    if (value === null || value === undefined) return 'NULL';\n    if (typeof value === 'number') {\n      if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 'NULL';\n      return String(value);\n    }\n    if (typeof value === 'boolean') return value ? 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package/dist/{features-Clv6RO_w.js → features-gvUXKO_o.js}

@@ -260,8 +260,10 @@ const threadQueryFeatures = typeof coreStorage.planThreadRowsQuery === "function
 const spanQueryFeatures = typeof coreStorage.planSpanQuery === "function" ? ["span-query", "span-query-context-fields"] : [];
 /** Core versions without the field reject it in trace query results, so it is only returned when core knows it. */
 const timeToFirstChunkSupported = "timeToFirstChunkMs" in coreStorage.TRACE_QUERY_FIELD_REGISTRY.trace;
-const timeToFirstChunkFeatures = timeToFirstChunkSupported ? ["trace-query-time-to-first-chunk"] : [];
+/** Core before the sort rejects `orderBy` on the field, so the sort is only declared when core plans it. */
+const timeToFirstChunkSortSupported = coreStorage.TRACE_QUERY_ORDER_FIELDS?.includes("timeToFirstChunkMs") === true;
+const timeToFirstChunkFeatures = [...timeToFirstChunkSupported ? ["trace-query-time-to-first-chunk"] : [], ...timeToFirstChunkSortSupported ? ["trace-query-time-to-first-chunk-sort"] : []];
 //#endregion
 export { DuckDBConnection as a, timeToFirstChunkSupported as i, threadQueryFeatures as n, DuckDBQueryTimeoutError as o, timeToFirstChunkFeatures as r, bindParam as s, spanQueryFeatures as t };
 
-//# sourceMappingURL=features-Clv6RO_w.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=features-gvUXKO_o.js.map

package/dist/{features-Clv6RO_w.js.map → features-gvUXKO_o.js.map}

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"features-Clv6RO_w.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/storage/db/index.ts","../src/storage/features.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { DuckDBInstance, DuckDBTimestampValue, DuckDBTimestampTZValue } from '@duckdb/node-api';\nimport type { DuckDBPreparedStatement } from '@duckdb/node-api';\nimport { MastraBase } from '@mastra/core/base';\n\n/**\n * Bind a single parameter to a prepared statement using explicit typed methods.\n * This avoids the \"Cannot create values of type ANY\" error that occurs when\n * DuckDB cannot infer parameter types from SQL context (e.g. json_extract_string).\n */\nexport function bindParam(stmt: DuckDBPreparedStatement, index: number, value: unknown): void {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) {\n    stmt.bindNull(index);\n  } else if (typeof value === 'string') {\n    stmt.bindVarchar(index, value);\n  } else if (typeof value === 'number') {\n    if (Number.isInteger(value) && value >= -2147483648 && value <= 2147483647) {\n      stmt.bindInteger(index, value);\n    } else {\n      stmt.bindDouble(index, value);\n    }\n  } else if (typeof value === 'boolean') {\n    stmt.bindBoolean(index, value);\n  } else if (typeof value === 'bigint') {\n    stmt.bindBigInt(index, value);\n  } else if (value instanceof Date) {\n    stmt.bindTimestamp(index, new DuckDBTimestampValue(BigInt(value.getTime()) * 1000n));\n  } else if (value instanceof DuckDBTimestampValue) {\n    stmt.bindTimestamp(index, value);\n  } else if (value instanceof DuckDBTimestampTZValue) {\n    stmt.bindTimestampTZ(index, value);\n  } else {\n    // Fallback: serialize to JSON string\n    stmt.bindVarchar(index, JSON.stringify(value));\n  }\n}\n\n/** Convert DuckDB-specific return types to plain JS types */\nfunction toJsValue(val: unknown): unknown {\n  if (val === null || val === undefined) return val;\n  // DuckDBTimestampValue → Date (micros since epoch)\n  if (val instanceof DuckDBTimestampValue) {\n    return new Date(Number(val.micros / 1000n));\n  }\n  // BigInt → Number (safe for values we care about)\n  if (typeof val === 'bigint') {\n    return Number(val);\n  }\n  return val;\n}\n\n/** A query interrupted at its caller-supplied deadline. */\nexport class DuckDBQueryTimeoutError extends Error {\n  constructor() {\n    super('DuckDB query exceeded its deadline');\n    this.name = 'DuckDBQueryTimeoutError';\n  }\n}\n\n/** Configuration for the DuckDB database connection. */\nexport interface DuckDBStorageConfig {\n  /** Path to the DuckDB file. Defaults to 'mastra.duckdb'. Use ':memory:' for ephemeral. */\n  path?: string;\n  /**\n   * Maximum memory DuckDB may use (e.g. '2GB', '512MB').\n   * @default '2GB'\n   * DuckDB's own default is 80% of system RAM, which is far too aggressive for\n   * a store embedded in an application server — a single query against a large\n   * database can balloon the process by several GB and push the host into\n   * swap. Larger-than-memory operations spill to disk for file-backed\n   * databases. Raise this for dedicated analytical workloads.\n   */\n  memoryLimit?: string;\n  /**\n   * Number of threads DuckDB may use. Defaults to DuckDB's default (one per\n   * CPU core). Lower this to keep queries from monopolizing all cores of a\n   * shared application server.\n   */\n  threads?: number;\n}\n\nconst DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT = '2GB';\n\n/**\n * Shared DuckDB connection management for Mastra storage.\n * Defaults to a local file (`mastra.duckdb`) when no path is provided.\n * Pass `path: ':memory:'` for an ephemeral in-memory database.\n */\nexport class DuckDBConnection extends MastraBase {\n  private instance: DuckDBInstance | null = null;\n  private initialized = false;\n  private initPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;\n  private path: string;\n  private instanceOptions: Record<string, string>;\n\n  constructor(config: DuckDBStorageConfig = {}) {\n    super({ component: 'STORAGE', name: 'DUCKDB' });\n    this.path = config.path ?? 'mastra.duckdb';\n    this.instanceOptions = {\n      max_memory: config.memoryLimit ?? DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT,\n      ...(config.threads !== undefined ? { threads: String(config.threads) } : {}),\n    };\n  }\n\n  private async initialize(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.initialized && this.instance) return;\n\n    if (this.initPromise) {\n      await this.initPromise;\n      if (this.instance) return;\n      this.initPromise = null;\n      this.initialized = false;\n    }\n\n    this.initPromise = (async () => {\n      try {\n        this.instance = await DuckDBInstance.create(this.path, this.instanceOptions);\n        this.initialized = true;\n      } catch (error) {\n        this.instance = null;\n        this.initialized = false;\n        this.initPromise = null;\n        throw error;\n      }\n    })();\n\n    return this.initPromise;\n  }\n\n  /** Create a new connection to the DuckDB instance, initializing if needed. */\n  async getConnection() {\n    await this.initialize();\n    if (!this.instance) {\n      throw new Error('DuckDB instance not initialized');\n    }\n    return this.instance.connect();\n  }\n\n  private closeConnection(connection: unknown): void {\n    const conn = connection as {\n      closeSync?: () => void;\n      disconnectSync?: () => void;\n      close?: () => void;\n      disconnect?: () => void;\n    };\n    try {\n      if (typeof conn?.closeSync === 'function') {\n        conn.closeSync();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.disconnectSync === 'function') {\n        conn.disconnectSync();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.close === 'function') {\n        conn.close();\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof conn?.disconnect === 'function') {\n        conn.disconnect();\n      }\n    } catch {\n      // Ignore close failures to avoid masking query/execute errors.\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute a SQL query and return results as objects.\n   */\n  async query<T = Record<string, unknown>>(sql: string, params: unknown[] = [], timeoutMs?: number): Promise<T[]> {\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    let timedOut = false;\n    const timer =\n      timeoutMs === undefined\n        ? 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Defaults to 'mastra.duckdb'. Use ':memory:' for ephemeral. */\n  path?: string;\n  /**\n   * Maximum memory DuckDB may use (e.g. '2GB', '512MB').\n   * @default '2GB'\n   * DuckDB's own default is 80% of system RAM, which is far too aggressive for\n   * a store embedded in an application server — a single query against a large\n   * database can balloon the process by several GB and push the host into\n   * swap. Larger-than-memory operations spill to disk for file-backed\n   * databases. Raise this for dedicated analytical workloads.\n   */\n  memoryLimit?: string;\n  /**\n   * Number of threads DuckDB may use. Defaults to DuckDB's default (one per\n   * CPU core). Lower this to keep queries from monopolizing all cores of a\n   * shared application server.\n   */\n  threads?: number;\n}\n\nconst DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT = '2GB';\n\n/**\n * Shared DuckDB connection management for Mastra storage.\n * Defaults to a local file (`mastra.duckdb`) when no path is provided.\n * Pass `path: ':memory:'` for an ephemeral in-memory database.\n */\nexport class DuckDBConnection extends MastraBase {\n  private instance: DuckDBInstance | null = null;\n  private initialized = false;\n  private initPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;\n  private path: string;\n  private instanceOptions: Record<string, string>;\n\n  constructor(config: DuckDBStorageConfig = {}) {\n    super({ component: 'STORAGE', name: 'DUCKDB' });\n    this.path = config.path ?? 'mastra.duckdb';\n    this.instanceOptions = {\n      max_memory: config.memoryLimit ?? 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undefined\n        : setTimeout(() => {\n            timedOut = true;\n            connection.interrupt();\n          }, timeoutMs);\n    try {\n      if (params.length === 0) {\n        const result = await connection.run(sql);\n        const rows = await result.getRows();\n        const columns = result.columnNames();\n        return rows.map(row => {\n          const obj: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n          columns.forEach((col, i) => {\n            obj[col] = toJsValue(row[i]);\n          });\n          return obj as T;\n        });\n      }\n\n      let paramIndex = 0;\n      const preparedSql = sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n      const stmt = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n      for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n        bindParam(stmt, i + 1, params[i]);\n      }\n      const result = await stmt.run();\n      const rows = await result.getRows();\n      const columns = result.columnNames();\n      return rows.map(row => {\n        const obj: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n        columns.forEach((col, i) => {\n          obj[col] = toJsValue(row[i]);\n        });\n        return obj as T;\n      });\n    } catch (error) {\n      if (timedOut) throw new DuckDBQueryTimeoutError();\n      throw error;\n    } finally {\n      if (timer !== undefined) clearTimeout(timer);\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute a SQL statement without returning results.\n   */\n  async execute(sql: string, params: unknown[] = []): Promise<void> {\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      if (params.length === 0) {\n        await connection.run(sql);\n        return;\n      }\n      let paramIndex = 0;\n      const preparedSql = sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n      const stmt = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n      for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n        bindParam(stmt, i + 1, params[i]);\n      }\n      await stmt.run();\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /** Delete one bounded retention batch and return the number of rows removed. */\n  async pruneBatch({\n    tableName,\n    column,\n    cutoff,\n    limit,\n  }: {\n    tableName: string;\n    column: string;\n    cutoff: Date;\n    limit: number;\n  }): Promise<number> {\n    const identifier = /^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/;\n    if (!identifier.test(tableName) || !identifier.test(column)) {\n      throw new Error(`Invalid retention identifier: ${tableName}.${column}`);\n    }\n\n    const rows = await this.query(\n      `DELETE FROM ${tableName}\n       WHERE rowid IN (\n         SELECT rowid FROM ${tableName}\n         WHERE ${column} < ?\n         ORDER BY ${column}\n         LIMIT ?\n       )\n       RETURNING 1 AS deleted`,\n      [cutoff, limit],\n    );\n    return rows.length;\n  }\n\n  /** Execute parameterized statements atomically using a single DuckDB connection. */\n  async executeTransaction(statements: readonly { sql: string; params?: readonly unknown[] }[]): Promise<void> {\n    if (statements.length === 0) return;\n\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      await connection.run('BEGIN TRANSACTION');\n      for (const statement of statements) {\n        const params = statement.params ?? [];\n        if (params.length === 0) {\n          await connection.run(statement.sql);\n          continue;\n        }\n        let paramIndex = 0;\n        const preparedSql = statement.sql.replace(/\\?/g, () => `$${++paramIndex}`);\n        const prepared = await connection.prepare(preparedSql);\n        for (let i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\n          bindParam(prepared, i + 1, params[i]);\n        }\n        await prepared.run();\n      }\n      await connection.run('COMMIT');\n    } catch (error) {\n      await connection.run('ROLLBACK').catch(() => undefined);\n      throw error;\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute multiple SQL statements in order using a single DuckDB connection.\n   *\n   * This is intended for schema setup/migrations where statements have no\n   * parameters and must remain ordered, but opening a connection per statement\n   * would dominate initialization cost. Blank statements are skipped. Like\n   * calling execute() repeatedly, this does not wrap statements in a transaction,\n   * so prior statements can remain applied if a later statement fails.\n   */\n  async executeBatch(sqlStatements: readonly string[]): Promise<void> {\n    const statements = sqlStatements.map(statement => statement.trim()).filter(Boolean);\n    if (statements.length === 0) return;\n\n    const connection = await this.getConnection();\n    try {\n      const sql =\n        statements.map((statement, i) => `-- executeBatch statement ${i + 1}\\n${statement}`).join('\\n;\\n') + '\\n;';\n      await connection.run(sql);\n    } finally {\n      this.closeConnection(connection);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Escape a value for safe inline SQL use.\n   * DuckDB prepared statements can't handle NULL for parameters typed as ANY,\n   * so for complex INSERT/UPDATE operations we inline values safely.\n   */\n  static sqlValue(value: unknown): string {\n    if (value === null || value === undefined) return 'NULL';\n    if (typeof value === 'number') {\n      if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 'NULL';\n      return String(value);\n    }\n    if (typeof value === 'boolean') return value ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';\n    if (value instanceof Date) return `'${value.toISOString()}'::TIMESTAMP`;\n    if (typeof value === 'string') return `'${value.replace(/'/g, \"''\")}'`;\n    // Objects/arrays → JSON string\n    return `'${JSON.stringify(value).replace(/'/g, \"''\")}'`;\n  }\n\n  /** Release the DuckDB instance, allowing garbage collection. */\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.instance) {\n      try {\n        const instance = this.instance as unknown as { closeSync?: () => void; close?: () => void };\n        if (typeof instance.closeSync === 'function') {\n          instance.closeSync();\n        } else if (typeof instance.close === 'function') {\n          instance.close();\n        }\n      } catch {\n        // Ignore close failures to allow cleanup of references.\n      }\n      this.instance = null;\n      this.initialized = false;\n      this.initPromise = null;\n    }\n  }\n}\n","import * as coreStorage from '@mastra/core/storage';\n\nexport const threadQueryFeatures =\n  typeof coreStorage.planThreadRowsQuery === 'function' ? (['thread-query-rows'] as const) : ([] as const);\n\nexport const spanQueryFeatures =\n  typeof coreStorage.planSpanQuery === 'function'\n    ? (['span-query', 'span-query-context-fields'] as const)\n    : ([] as const);\n\n/** Core versions without the field reject it in trace query results, so it is only returned when core knows it. */\nexport const timeToFirstChunkSupported = 'timeToFirstChunkMs' in coreStorage.TRACE_QUERY_FIELD_REGISTRY.trace;\n\n/** Core before the sort rejects `orderBy` on the field, so the sort is only declared when core plans it. */\nconst timeToFirstChunkSortSupported = coreStorage.TRACE_QUERY_ORDER_FIELDS?.includes('timeToFirstChunkMs') === true;\n\nexport const timeToFirstChunkFeatures = [\n  ...(timeToFirstChunkSupported ? (['trace-query-time-to-first-chunk'] as const) : []),\n  ...(timeToFirstChunkSortSupported ? 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package/dist/index.cjs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Object.defineProperty(exports, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: "Module" });
-const require_features = require("./features-DxaUwIC2.cjs");
+const require_features = require("./features-D7U4aB_V.cjs");
 let _duckdb_node_api = require("@duckdb/node-api");
 let _mastra_core_error = require("@mastra/core/error");
 let _mastra_core_storage = require("@mastra/core/storage");
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ var ObservabilityStorageDuckDB = class extends _mastra_core_storage.Observabilit
 	async loadDelegate() {
 		if (this.delegate) return this.delegate;
 		if (this.unavailableError) return null;
-		if (!this.loadPromise) this.loadPromise = Promise.resolve().then(() => require("./observability-D70dyGYt.cjs")).then(({ ObservabilityStorageDuckDB }) => {
+		if (!this.loadPromise) this.loadPromise = Promise.resolve().then(() => require("./observability-TeHp5JpN.cjs")).then(({ ObservabilityStorageDuckDB }) => {
 			const delegate = new ObservabilityStorageDuckDB({ db: this.db });
 			this.delegate = delegate;
 			return delegate;

package/dist/index.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { a as DuckDBConnection, n as threadQueryFeatures, r as timeToFirstChunkFeatures, s as bindParam, t as spanQueryFeatures } from "./features-Clv6RO_w.js";
+import { a as DuckDBConnection, n as threadQueryFeatures, r as timeToFirstChunkFeatures, s as bindParam, t as spanQueryFeatures } from "./features-gvUXKO_o.js";
 import { DuckDBInstance } from "@duckdb/node-api";
 import { ErrorCategory, ErrorDomain, MastraError } from "@mastra/core/error";
 import { MastraCompositeStore, ObservabilityStorage, createVectorErrorId } from "@mastra/core/storage";
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ var ObservabilityStorageDuckDB = class extends ObservabilityStorage {
 	async loadDelegate() {
 		if (this.delegate) return this.delegate;
 		if (this.unavailableError) return null;
-		if (!this.loadPromise) this.loadPromise = import("./observability-C1o-hqrj.js").then(({ ObservabilityStorageDuckDB }) => {
+		if (!this.loadPromise) this.loadPromise = import("./observability-DWPWPNlL.js").then(({ ObservabilityStorageDuckDB }) => {
 			const delegate = new ObservabilityStorageDuckDB({ db: this.db });
 			this.delegate = delegate;
 			return delegate;

package/dist/{observability-C1o-hqrj.js → observability-DWPWPNlL.js}

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { a as DuckDBConnection, i as timeToFirstChunkSupported, o as DuckDBQueryTimeoutError, r as timeToFirstChunkFeatures, t as spanQueryFeatures } from "./features-Clv6RO_w.js";
+import { a as DuckDBConnection, i as timeToFirstChunkSupported, o as DuckDBQueryTimeoutError, r as timeToFirstChunkFeatures, t as spanQueryFeatures } from "./features-gvUXKO_o.js";
 import { ErrorCategory, ErrorDomain, MastraError } from "@mastra/core/error";
 import * as coreStorage from "@mastra/core/storage";
 import { BRANCH_SPAN_TYPES, METRIC_DISTINCT_COLUMNS, ObservabilityStorage, computeTraceStatus, createStorageErrorId, executeRetentionPrune, feedbackRecordSchema, listBranchesArgsSchema, listFeedbackArgsSchema, listLogsArgsSchema, listMetricsArgsSchema, listScoresArgsSchema, listTracesArgsSchema, resolveRetentionTargets, retentionCutoffMs, toTraceSpans } from "@mastra/core/storage";
@@ -3617,15 +3617,15 @@ ORDER BY delta_rows.deltaWatermark ASC NULLS LAST, delta_rows.traceId ASC`,
 		};
 	}
 	const orderField = plan.orderBy.field;
-	const direction = plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? "ASC" : "DESC";
+	const order = `${orderField} ${plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? "ASC" : "DESC"} NULLS LAST, traceId ASC`;
 	if (plan.paginationMode === "page") {
 		values.push(plan.perPage, plan.page * plan.perPage);
 		return {
 			sql: `${candidates},
   page_rows AS (
-    SELECT *, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY ${orderField} ${direction}, traceId ASC) AS __row_position
+    SELECT *, row_number() OVER (ORDER BY ${order}) AS __row_position
     FROM candidates
-    ORDER BY ${orderField} ${direction}, traceId ASC
+    ORDER BY ${order}
     LIMIT ? OFFSET ?
   ),
   page_total AS (
@@ -3640,8 +3640,13 @@ ORDER BY page_rows.__row_position ASC NULLS LAST`,
 		};
 	}
 	let pageCondition = "";
-	if (plan.cursor) {
-		pageCondition = `WHERE (${orderField} ${plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? ">" : "<"} CAST(? AS TIMESTAMP) OR (${orderField} = CAST(? AS TIMESTAMP) AND traceId > ?))`;
+	if (plan.cursor?.sortValue === null) {
+		pageCondition = `WHERE ${orderField} IS NULL AND traceId > ?`;
+		values.push(plan.cursor.traceId);
+	} else if (plan.cursor) {
+		const comparison = plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? ">" : "<";
+		const value = `CAST(? AS ${typeof plan.cursor.sortValue === "number" ? "DOUBLE" : "TIMESTAMP"})`;
+		pageCondition = `WHERE (${orderField} ${comparison} ${value} OR ${orderField} IS NULL OR (${orderField} = ${value} AND traceId > ?))`;
 		values.push(plan.cursor.sortValue, plan.cursor.sortValue, plan.cursor.traceId);
 	}
 	values.push(plan.limit + 1);
@@ -3650,7 +3655,7 @@ ORDER BY page_rows.__row_position ASC NULLS LAST`,
 SELECT *
 FROM candidates
 ${pageCondition}
-ORDER BY ${orderField} ${direction}, traceId ASC
+ORDER BY ${order}
 LIMIT ?`,
 		values
 	};
@@ -3910,7 +3915,7 @@ async function queryTraces(db, plan) {
 		traces,
 		page: { next: rows.length > plan.limit && last ? coreStorage.encodeTraceQueryCursor(plan, {
 			result: "traces",
-			sortValue: last[plan.orderBy.field],
+			sortValue: last[plan.orderBy.field] ?? null,
 			traceId: last.traceId
 		}) : null }
 	});
@@ -3996,13 +4001,16 @@ function afterCursor(plan) {
 		values: []
 	};
 	const cursor = plan.cursor;
-	const comparisons = [`s.${plan.orderBy.field} ${plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? ">" : "<"} CAST(? AS TIMESTAMP)`];
-	const values = [cursor.sortValue];
+	const sort = `s.${plan.orderBy.field}`;
+	const empty = cursor.sortValue === null;
+	const value = `CAST(? AS ${typeof cursor.sortValue === "number" ? "DOUBLE" : "TIMESTAMP"})`;
+	const comparisons = empty ? [] : [`${sort} ${plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? ">" : "<"} ${value}`, `${sort} IS NULL`];
+	const values = empty ? [] : [cursor.sortValue];
 	for (let i = 0; i < identityFields.length; i++) {
 		const field = identityFields[i];
 		if (cursor[field] === null) continue;
-		const equal = [`s.${plan.orderBy.field} = CAST(? AS TIMESTAMP)`];
-		values.push(cursor.sortValue);
+		const equal = [empty ? `${sort} IS NULL` : `${sort} = ${value}`];
+		if (!empty) values.push(cursor.sortValue);
 		for (const prior of identityFields.slice(0, i)) {
 			equal.push(`s.${prior} IS NOT DISTINCT FROM ?`);
 			values.push(cursor[prior]);
@@ -4061,7 +4069,7 @@ function compileDuckDBSpanQuery(plan) {
 			"cursorId"
 		].map((field) => `s.${field}`).join(", ")}
   FROM ranked s WHERE rank = 1 AND endedAt IS NOT NULL AND startedAt >= CAST(? AS TIMESTAMP) AND startedAt < CAST(? AS TIMESTAMP) AND (${predicate.sql}) AND ${after.sql}
-  ORDER BY s.${plan.orderBy.field} ${plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? "ASC" : "DESC"}, ${identityFields.map((field) => `s.${field} ASC NULLS LAST`).join(", ")}
+  ORDER BY s.${plan.orderBy.field} ${plan.orderBy.direction === "asc" ? "ASC" : "DESC"} NULLS LAST, ${identityFields.map((field) => `s.${field} ASC NULLS LAST`).join(", ")}
   LIMIT ?`,
 		values
 	};
@@ -6360,4 +6368,4 @@ var ObservabilityStorageDuckDB = class ObservabilityStorageDuckDB extends Observ
 //#endregion
 export { ObservabilityStorageDuckDB };
 
-//# sourceMappingURL=observability-C1o-hqrj.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=observability-DWPWPNlL.js.map