@mastra/core 1.7.0 → 1.8.0

package/dist/docs/references/reference-tools-mcp-client.md

@@ -0,0 +1,954 @@
+# MCPClient
+
+The `MCPClient` class provides a way to manage multiple MCP server connections and their tools in a Mastra application. It handles connection lifecycle, tool namespacing, and provides access to tools across all configured servers.
+
+## Constructor
+
+Creates a new instance of the MCPClient class.
+
+```typescript
+constructor({
+  id?: string;
+  servers: Record<string, MastraMCPServerDefinition>;
+  timeout?: number;
+}: MCPClientOptions)
+```
+
+### MCPClientOptions
+
+**id?:** (`string`): Optional unique identifier for the configuration instance. Use this to prevent memory leaks when creating multiple instances with identical configurations.
+
+**servers:** (`Record<string, MastraMCPServerDefinition>`): A map of server configurations, where each key is a unique server identifier and the value is the server configuration.
+
+**timeout?:** (`number`): Global timeout value in milliseconds for all servers unless overridden in individual server configs. (Default: `60000`)
+
+### MastraMCPServerDefinition
+
+Each server in the `servers` map is configured using the `MastraMCPServerDefinition` type. The transport type is detected based on the provided parameters:
+
+- If `command` is provided, it uses the Stdio transport.
+- If `url` is provided, it first attempts to use the Streamable HTTP transport and falls back to the legacy SSE transport if the initial connection fails.
+
+**command?:** (`string`): For Stdio servers: The command to execute.
+
+**args?:** (`string[]`): For Stdio servers: Arguments to pass to the command.
+
+**env?:** (`Record<string, string>`): For Stdio servers: Environment variables to set for the command.
+
+**url?:** (`URL`): For HTTP servers (Streamable HTTP or SSE): The URL of the server.
+
+**requestInit?:** (`RequestInit`): For HTTP servers: Request configuration for the fetch API.
+
+**eventSourceInit?:** (`EventSourceInit`): For SSE fallback: Custom fetch configuration for SSE connections. Required when using custom headers with SSE.
+
+**fetch?:** (`FetchLike`): For HTTP servers: Custom fetch implementation used for all network requests. When provided, this function will be used for all HTTP requests, allowing you to add dynamic authentication headers (e.g., refreshing bearer tokens), customize request behavior per-request, or intercept and modify requests/responses. When \`fetch\` is provided, \`requestInit\`, \`eventSourceInit\`, and \`authProvider\` become optional, as you can handle these concerns within your custom fetch function.
+
+**logger?:** (`LogHandler`): Optional additional handler for logging.
+
+**timeout?:** (`number`): Server-specific timeout in milliseconds.
+
+**capabilities?:** (`ClientCapabilities`): Server-specific capabilities configuration.
+
+**authProvider?:** (`OAuthClientProvider`): For HTTP servers: OAuth authentication provider for automatic token refresh and OAuth flow management. Use MCPOAuthClientProvider for a ready-to-use implementation.
+
+**enableServerLogs?:** (`boolean`): Whether to enable logging for this server. (Default: `true`)
+
+## Methods
+
+### listTools()
+
+Retrieves all tools from all configured servers, with tool names namespaced by their server name (in the format `serverName_toolName`) to prevent conflicts. Intended to be passed onto an Agent definition.
+
+```ts
+new Agent({ id: 'agent', tools: await mcp.listTools() })
+```
+
+### listToolsets()
+
+Returns an object mapping namespaced tool names (in the format `serverName.toolName`) to their tool implementations. Intended to be passed dynamically into the generate or stream method.
+
+```typescript
+const res = await agent.stream(prompt, {
+  toolsets: await mcp.listToolsets(),
+})
+```
+
+### disconnect()
+
+Disconnects from all MCP servers and cleans up resources.
+
+```typescript
+async disconnect(): Promise<void>
+```
+
+### `resources` Property
+
+The `MCPClient` instance has a `resources` property that provides access to resource-related operations.
+
+```typescript
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  /* ...servers configuration... */
+})
+
+// Access resource methods via mcpClient.resources
+const allResourcesByServer = await mcpClient.resources.list()
+const templatesByServer = await mcpClient.resources.templates()
+// ... and so on for other resource methods.
+```
+
+#### `resources.list()`
+
+Retrieves all available resources from all connected MCP servers, grouped by server name.
+
+```typescript
+async list(): Promise<Record<string, Resource[]>>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+const resourcesByServer = await mcpClient.resources.list()
+for (const serverName in resourcesByServer) {
+  console.log(`Resources from ${serverName}:`, resourcesByServer[serverName])
+}
+```
+
+#### `resources.templates()`
+
+Retrieves all available resource templates from all connected MCP servers, grouped by server name.
+
+```typescript
+async templates(): Promise<Record<string, ResourceTemplate[]>>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+const templatesByServer = await mcpClient.resources.templates()
+for (const serverName in templatesByServer) {
+  console.log(`Templates from ${serverName}:`, templatesByServer[serverName])
+}
+```
+
+#### `resources.read(serverName: string, uri: string)`
+
+Reads the content of a specific resource from a named server.
+
+```typescript
+async read(serverName: string, uri: string): Promise<ReadResourceResult>
+```
+
+- `serverName`: The identifier of the server (key used in the `servers` constructor option).
+- `uri`: The URI of the resource to read.
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+const content = await mcpClient.resources.read('myWeatherServer', 'weather://current')
+console.log('Current weather:', content.contents[0].text)
+```
+
+#### `resources.subscribe(serverName: string, uri: string)`
+
+Subscribes to updates for a specific resource on a named server.
+
+```typescript
+async subscribe(serverName: string, uri: string): Promise<object>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+await mcpClient.resources.subscribe('myWeatherServer', 'weather://current')
+```
+
+#### `resources.unsubscribe(serverName: string, uri: string)`
+
+Unsubscribes from updates for a specific resource on a named server.
+
+```typescript
+async unsubscribe(serverName: string, uri: string): Promise<object>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+await mcpClient.resources.unsubscribe('myWeatherServer', 'weather://current')
+```
+
+#### `resources.onUpdated(serverName: string, handler: (params: { uri: string }) => void)`
+
+Sets a notification handler that will be called when a subscribed resource on a specific server is updated.
+
+```typescript
+async onUpdated(serverName: string, handler: (params: { uri: string }) => void): Promise<void>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+mcpClient.resources.onUpdated('myWeatherServer', params => {
+  console.log(`Resource updated on myWeatherServer: ${params.uri}`)
+  // You might want to re-fetch the resource content here
+  // await mcpClient.resources.read("myWeatherServer", params.uri);
+})
+```
+
+#### `resources.onListChanged(serverName: string, handler: () => void)`
+
+Sets a notification handler that will be called when the overall list of available resources changes on a specific server.
+
+```typescript
+async onListChanged(serverName: string, handler: () => void): Promise<void>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+mcpClient.resources.onListChanged('myWeatherServer', () => {
+  console.log('Resource list changed on myWeatherServer.')
+  // You should re-fetch the list of resources
+  // await mcpClient.resources.list();
+})
+```
+
+### `elicitation` Property
+
+The `MCPClient` instance has an `elicitation` property that provides access to elicitation-related operations. Elicitation allows MCP servers to request structured information from users.
+
+```typescript
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  /* ...servers configuration... */
+})
+
+// Set up elicitation handler
+mcpClient.elicitation.onRequest('serverName', async request => {
+  // Handle elicitation request from server
+  console.log('Server requests:', request.message)
+  console.log('Schema:', request.requestedSchema)
+
+  // Return user response
+  return {
+    action: 'accept',
+    content: { name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' },
+  }
+})
+```
+
+#### `elicitation.onRequest(serverName: string, handler: ElicitationHandler)`
+
+Sets up a handler function that will be called when any connected MCP server sends an elicitation request. The handler receives the request and must return a response.
+
+##### ElicitationHandler Function
+
+The handler function receives a request object with:
+
+- `message`: A human-readable message describing what information is needed
+- `requestedSchema`: A JSON schema defining the structure of the expected response
+
+The handler must return an `ElicitResult` with:
+
+- `action`: One of `'accept'`, `'decline'`, or `'cancel'`
+- `content`: The user's data (only when action is `'accept'`)
+
+**Example:**
+
+```typescript
+mcpClient.elicitation.onRequest('serverName', async request => {
+  console.log(`Server requests: ${request.message}`)
+
+  // Example: Simple user input collection
+  if (request.requestedSchema.properties.name) {
+    // Simulate user accepting and providing data
+    return {
+      action: 'accept',
+      content: {
+        name: 'Alice Smith',
+        email: 'alice@example.com',
+      },
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Simulate user declining the request
+  return { action: 'decline' }
+})
+```
+
+**Complete Interactive Example:**
+
+```typescript
+import { MCPClient } from '@mastra/mcp'
+import { createInterface } from 'readline'
+
+const readline = createInterface({
+  input: process.stdin,
+  output: process.stdout,
+})
+
+function askQuestion(question: string): Promise<string> {
+  return new Promise(resolve => {
+    readline.question(question, answer => resolve(answer.trim()))
+  })
+}
+
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    interactiveServer: {
+      url: new URL('http://localhost:3000/mcp'),
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+// Set up interactive elicitation handler
+await mcpClient.elicitation.onRequest('interactiveServer', async request => {
+  console.log(`\n📋 Server Request: ${request.message}`)
+  console.log('Required information:')
+
+  const schema = request.requestedSchema
+  const properties = schema.properties || {}
+  const required = schema.required || []
+  const content: Record<string, any> = {}
+
+  // Collect input for each field
+  for (const [fieldName, fieldSchema] of Object.entries(properties)) {
+    const field = fieldSchema as any
+    const isRequired = required.includes(fieldName)
+
+    let prompt = `${field.title || fieldName}`
+    if (field.description) prompt += ` (${field.description})`
+    if (isRequired) prompt += ' *required*'
+    prompt += ': '
+
+    const answer = await askQuestion(prompt)
+
+    // Handle cancellation
+    if (answer.toLowerCase() === 'cancel') {
+      return { action: 'cancel' }
+    }
+
+    // Validate required fields
+    if (answer === '' && isRequired) {
+      console.log(`❌ ${fieldName} is required`)
+      return { action: 'decline' }
+    }
+
+    if (answer !== '') {
+      content[fieldName] = answer
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Confirm submission
+  console.log('\n📝 You provided:')
+  console.log(JSON.stringify(content, null, 2))
+
+  const confirm = await askQuestion('\nSubmit this information? (yes/no/cancel): ')
+
+  if (confirm.toLowerCase() === 'yes' || confirm.toLowerCase() === 'y') {
+    return { action: 'accept', content }
+  } else if (confirm.toLowerCase() === 'cancel') {
+    return { action: 'cancel' }
+  } else {
+    return { action: 'decline' }
+  }
+})
+```
+
+### `prompts` Property
+
+The `MCPClient` instance has a `prompts` property that provides access to prompt-related operations.
+
+```typescript
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  /* ...servers configuration... */
+})
+
+// Access prompt methods via mcpClient.prompts
+const allPromptsByServer = await mcpClient.prompts.list()
+const { prompt, messages } = await mcpClient.prompts.get({
+  serverName: 'myWeatherServer',
+  name: 'current',
+})
+```
+
+#### `prompts.list()`
+
+Retrieves all available prompts from all connected MCP servers, grouped by server name.
+
+```typescript
+async list(): Promise<Record<string, Prompt[]>>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+const promptsByServer = await mcpClient.prompts.list()
+for (const serverName in promptsByServer) {
+  console.log(`Prompts from ${serverName}:`, promptsByServer[serverName])
+}
+```
+
+#### `prompts.get({ serverName, name, args?, version? })`
+
+Retrieves a specific prompt and its messages from a server.
+
+```typescript
+async get({
+  serverName,
+  name,
+  args?,
+  version?,
+}: {
+  serverName: string;
+  name: string;
+  args?: Record<string, any>;
+  version?: string;
+}): Promise<{ prompt: Prompt; messages: PromptMessage[] }>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+const { prompt, messages } = await mcpClient.prompts.get({
+  serverName: 'myWeatherServer',
+  name: 'current',
+  args: { location: 'London' },
+})
+console.log(prompt)
+console.log(messages)
+```
+
+#### `prompts.onListChanged(serverName: string, handler: () => void)`
+
+Sets a notification handler that will be called when the list of available prompts changes on a specific server.
+
+```typescript
+async onListChanged(serverName: string, handler: () => void): Promise<void>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```typescript
+mcpClient.prompts.onListChanged('myWeatherServer', () => {
+  console.log('Prompt list changed on myWeatherServer.')
+  // You should re-fetch the list of prompts
+  // await mcpClient.prompts.list();
+})
+```
+
+### `progress` Property
+
+The `MCPClient` instance has a `progress` property for subscribing to progress notifications emitted by MCP servers while tools execute.
+
+```typescript
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    myServer: {
+      url: new URL('http://localhost:4111/api/mcp/myServer/mcp'),
+      // Enabled by default; set to false to disable
+      enableProgressTracking: true,
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+// Subscribe to progress updates for a specific server
+await mcpClient.progress.onUpdate('myServer', params => {
+  console.log('📊 Progress:', params.progress, '/', params.total)
+  if (params.message) console.log('Message:', params.message)
+  if (params.progressToken) console.log('Token:', params.progressToken)
+})
+```
+
+#### `progress.onUpdate(serverName: string, handler)`
+
+Registers a handler function to receive progress updates from the specified server.
+
+```typescript
+async onUpdate(
+  serverName: string,
+  handler: (params: {
+    progressToken: string;
+    progress: number;
+    total?: number;
+    message?: string;
+  }) => void,
+): Promise<void>
+```
+
+Notes:
+
+- When `enableProgressTracking` is true (default), tool calls include a `progressToken` so you can correlate updates to a specific run.
+- If you pass a `runId` when executing a tool, it will be used as the `progressToken`.
+
+To disable progress tracking for a server:
+
+```typescript
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    myServer: {
+      url: new URL('http://localhost:4111/api/mcp/myServer/mcp'),
+      enableProgressTracking: false,
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+## Elicitation
+
+Elicitation is a feature that allows MCP servers to request structured information from users. When a server needs additional data, it can send an elicitation request that the client handles by prompting the user. A common example is during a tool call.
+
+### How Elicitation Works
+
+1. **Server Request**: An MCP server tool calls `server.elicitation.sendRequest()` with a message and schema
+2. **Client Handler**: Your elicitation handler function is called with the request
+3. **User Interaction**: Your handler collects user input (via UI, CLI, etc.)
+4. **Response**: Your handler returns the user's response (accept/decline/cancel)
+5. **Tool Continuation**: The server tool receives the response and continues execution
+
+### Setting Up Elicitation
+
+You must set up an elicitation handler before tools that use elicitation are called:
+
+```typescript
+import { MCPClient } from '@mastra/mcp'
+
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    interactiveServer: {
+      url: new URL('http://localhost:3000/mcp'),
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+// Set up elicitation handler
+mcpClient.elicitation.onRequest('interactiveServer', async request => {
+  // Handle the server's request for user input
+  console.log(`Server needs: ${request.message}`)
+
+  // Your logic to collect user input
+  const userData = await collectUserInput(request.requestedSchema)
+
+  return {
+    action: 'accept',
+    content: userData,
+  }
+})
+```
+
+### Response Types
+
+Your elicitation handler must return one of three response types:
+
+- **Accept**: User provided data and confirmed submission
+
+  ```typescript
+  return {
+    action: 'accept',
+    content: { name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' },
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Decline**: User explicitly declined to provide the information
+
+  ```typescript
+  return { action: 'decline' }
+  ```
+
+- **Cancel**: User dismissed or cancelled the request
+
+  ```typescript
+  return { action: 'cancel' }
+  ```
+
+### Schema-Based Input Collection
+
+The `requestedSchema` provides structure for the data the server needs:
+
+```typescript
+await mcpClient.elicitation.onRequest('interactiveServer', async request => {
+  const { properties, required = [] } = request.requestedSchema
+  const content: Record<string, any> = {}
+
+  for (const [fieldName, fieldSchema] of Object.entries(properties || {})) {
+    const field = fieldSchema as any
+    const isRequired = required.includes(fieldName)
+
+    // Collect input based on field type and requirements
+    const value = await promptUser({
+      name: fieldName,
+      title: field.title,
+      description: field.description,
+      type: field.type,
+      required: isRequired,
+      format: field.format,
+      enum: field.enum,
+    })
+
+    if (value !== null) {
+      content[fieldName] = value
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { action: 'accept', content }
+})
+```
+
+### Best Practices
+
+- **Always handle elicitation**: Set up your handler before calling tools that might use elicitation
+- **Validate input**: Check that required fields are provided
+- **Respect user choice**: Handle decline and cancel responses gracefully
+- **Clear UI**: Make it obvious what information is being requested and why
+- **Security**: Never auto-accept requests for sensitive information
+
+## OAuth Authentication
+
+For connecting to MCP servers that require OAuth authentication per the [MCP Auth Specification](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/basic/authorization), use the `MCPOAuthClientProvider`:
+
+```typescript
+import { MCPClient, MCPOAuthClientProvider } from '@mastra/mcp'
+
+// Create an OAuth provider
+const oauthProvider = new MCPOAuthClientProvider({
+  redirectUrl: 'http://localhost:3000/oauth/callback',
+  clientMetadata: {
+    redirect_uris: ['http://localhost:3000/oauth/callback'],
+    client_name: 'My MCP Client',
+    grant_types: ['authorization_code', 'refresh_token'],
+    response_types: ['code'],
+  },
+  onRedirectToAuthorization: url => {
+    // Handle authorization redirect (open browser, redirect response, etc.)
+    console.log(`Please visit: ${url}`)
+  },
+})
+
+// Use the provider with MCPClient
+const client = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    protectedServer: {
+      url: new URL('https://mcp.example.com/mcp'),
+      authProvider: oauthProvider,
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+### Quick Token Provider
+
+For testing or when you already have a valid access token:
+
+```typescript
+import { MCPClient, createSimpleTokenProvider } from '@mastra/mcp'
+
+const provider = createSimpleTokenProvider('your-access-token', {
+  redirectUrl: 'http://localhost:3000/callback',
+  clientMetadata: {
+    redirect_uris: ['http://localhost:3000/callback'],
+    client_name: 'Test Client',
+  },
+})
+
+const client = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    testServer: {
+      url: new URL('https://mcp.example.com/mcp'),
+      authProvider: provider,
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+### Custom Token Storage
+
+For persistent token storage across sessions, implement the `OAuthStorage` interface:
+
+```typescript
+import { MCPOAuthClientProvider, OAuthStorage } from '@mastra/mcp'
+
+class DatabaseOAuthStorage implements OAuthStorage {
+  constructor(
+    private db: Database,
+    private userId: string,
+  ) {}
+
+  async set(key: string, value: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.db.query(
+      'INSERT INTO oauth_tokens (user_id, key, value) VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET value = ?',
+      [this.userId, key, value, value],
+    )
+  }
+
+  async get(key: string): Promise<string | undefined> {
+    const result = await this.db.query(
+      'SELECT value FROM oauth_tokens WHERE user_id = ? AND key = ?',
+      [this.userId, key],
+    )
+    return result?.[0]?.value
+  }
+
+  async delete(key: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.db.query('DELETE FROM oauth_tokens WHERE user_id = ? AND key = ?', [
+      this.userId,
+      key,
+    ])
+  }
+}
+
+const provider = new MCPOAuthClientProvider({
+  redirectUrl: 'http://localhost:3000/callback',
+  clientMetadata: {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+  storage: new DatabaseOAuthStorage(db, 'user-123'),
+})
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Static Tool Configuration
+
+For tools where you have a single connection to the MCP server for you entire app, use `listTools()` and pass the tools to your agent:
+
+```typescript
+import { MCPClient } from '@mastra/mcp'
+import { Agent } from '@mastra/core/agent'
+
+const mcp = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    stockPrice: {
+      command: 'npx',
+      args: ['tsx', 'stock-price.ts'],
+      env: {
+        API_KEY: 'your-api-key',
+      },
+      log: logMessage => {
+        console.log(`[${logMessage.level}] ${logMessage.message}`)
+      },
+    },
+    weather: {
+      url: new URL('http://localhost:8080/sse'),
+    },
+  },
+  timeout: 30000, // Global 30s timeout
+})
+
+// Create an agent with access to all tools
+const agent = new Agent({
+  id: 'multi-tool-agent',
+  name: 'Multi-tool Agent',
+  instructions: 'You have access to multiple tool servers.',
+  model: 'openai/gpt-5.1',
+  tools: await mcp.listTools(),
+})
+
+// Example of using resource methods
+async function checkWeatherResource() {
+  try {
+    const weatherResources = await mcp.resources.list()
+    if (weatherResources.weather && weatherResources.weather.length > 0) {
+      const currentWeatherURI = weatherResources.weather[0].uri
+      const weatherData = await mcp.resources.read('weather', currentWeatherURI)
+      console.log('Weather data:', weatherData.contents[0].text)
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Error fetching weather resource:', error)
+  }
+}
+checkWeatherResource()
+
+// Example of using prompt methods
+async function checkWeatherPrompt() {
+  try {
+    const weatherPrompts = await mcp.prompts.list()
+    if (weatherPrompts.weather && weatherPrompts.weather.length > 0) {
+      const currentWeatherPrompt = weatherPrompts.weather.find(p => p.name === 'current')
+      if (currentWeatherPrompt) {
+        console.log('Weather prompt:', currentWeatherPrompt)
+      } else {
+        console.log('Current weather prompt not found')
+      }
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Error fetching weather prompt:', error)
+  }
+}
+checkWeatherPrompt()
+```
+
+### Dynamic toolsets
+
+When you need a new MCP connection for each user, use `listToolsets()` and add the tools when calling stream or generate:
+
+```typescript
+import { Agent } from '@mastra/core/agent'
+import { MCPClient } from '@mastra/mcp'
+
+// Create the agent first, without any tools
+const agent = new Agent({
+  id: 'multi-tool-agent',
+  name: 'Multi-tool Agent',
+  instructions: 'You help users check stocks and weather.',
+  model: 'openai/gpt-5.1',
+})
+
+// Later, configure MCP with user-specific settings
+const mcp = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    stockPrice: {
+      command: 'npx',
+      args: ['tsx', 'stock-price.ts'],
+      env: {
+        API_KEY: 'user-123-api-key',
+      },
+      timeout: 20000, // Server-specific timeout
+    },
+    weather: {
+      url: new URL('http://localhost:8080/sse'),
+      requestInit: {
+        headers: {
+          Authorization: `Bearer user-123-token`,
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+// Pass all toolsets to stream() or generate()
+const response = await agent.stream('How is AAPL doing and what is the weather?', {
+  toolsets: await mcp.listToolsets(),
+})
+```
+
+## Instance Management
+
+The `MCPClient` class includes built-in memory leak prevention for managing multiple instances:
+
+1. Creating multiple instances with identical configurations without an `id` will throw an error to prevent memory leaks
+2. If you need multiple instances with identical configurations, provide a unique `id` for each instance
+3. Call `await configuration.disconnect()` before recreating an instance with the same configuration
+4. If you only need one instance, consider moving the configuration to a higher scope to avoid recreation
+
+For example, if you try to create multiple instances with the same configuration without an `id`:
+
+```typescript
+// First instance - OK
+const mcp1 = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+})
+
+// Second instance with same config - Will throw an error
+const mcp2 = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+})
+
+// To fix, either:
+// 1. Add unique IDs
+const mcp3 = new MCPClient({
+  id: 'instance-1',
+  servers: {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+})
+
+// 2. Or disconnect before recreating
+await mcp1.disconnect()
+const mcp4 = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+})
+```
+
+## Server Lifecycle
+
+MCPClient handles server connections gracefully:
+
+1. Automatic connection management for multiple servers
+2. Graceful server shutdown to prevent error messages during development
+3. Proper cleanup of resources when disconnecting
+
+## Using Custom Fetch for Dynamic Authentication
+
+For HTTP servers, you can provide a custom `fetch` function to handle dynamic authentication, request interception, or other custom behavior. This is particularly useful when you need to refresh tokens on each request or customize request behavior.
+
+When `fetch` is provided, `requestInit`, `eventSourceInit`, and `authProvider` become optional, as you can handle these concerns within your custom fetch function.
+
+```typescript
+const mcpClient = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    apiServer: {
+      url: new URL('https://api.example.com/mcp'),
+      fetch: async (url, init) => {
+        // Refresh token on each request
+        const token = await getAuthToken() // Your token refresh logic
+
+        return fetch(url, {
+          ...init,
+          headers: {
+            ...init?.headers,
+            Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
+          },
+        })
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+## Using SSE Request Headers
+
+When using the legacy SSE MCP transport, you must configure both `requestInit` and `eventSourceInit` due to a bug in the MCP SDK. Alternatively, you can use a custom `fetch` function which will be automatically used for both POST requests and SSE connections:
+
+```ts
+// Option 1: Using requestInit and eventSourceInit (required for SSE)
+const sseClient = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    exampleServer: {
+      url: new URL('https://your-mcp-server.com/sse'),
+      // Note: requestInit alone isn't enough for SSE
+      requestInit: {
+        headers: {
+          Authorization: 'Bearer your-token',
+        },
+      },
+      // This is also required for SSE connections with custom headers
+      eventSourceInit: {
+        fetch(input: Request | URL | string, init?: RequestInit) {
+          const headers = new Headers(init?.headers || {})
+          headers.set('Authorization', 'Bearer your-token')
+          return fetch(input, {
+            ...init,
+            headers,
+          })
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+// Option 2: Using custom fetch (simpler, works for both Streamable HTTP and SSE)
+const sseClientWithFetch = new MCPClient({
+  servers: {
+    exampleServer: {
+      url: new URL('https://your-mcp-server.com/sse'),
+      fetch: async (url, init) => {
+        const headers = new Headers(init?.headers || {})
+        headers.set('Authorization', 'Bearer your-token')
+        return fetch(url, {
+          ...init,
+          headers,
+        })
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+```
+
+## Related Information
+
+- For creating MCP servers, see the [MCPServer documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/tools/mcp-server).
+- For more about the Model Context Protocol, see the [@modelcontextprotocol/sdk documentation](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescript-sdk).