@marimo-team/islands 0.25.3-dev2 → 0.25.3-dev200

package/src/components/editor/ai/add-cell-with-ai.tsx

@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ export const AddCellWithAI: React.FC<{
   const runtimeManager = useRuntimeManager();
 
   const inputRef = useRef<ReactCodeMirrorRef>(null);
-  const submissionController = useRef(
-    new StagedCellSubmissionController(),
-  ).current;
+  const [submissionController] = useState(
+    () => new StagedCellSubmissionController(),
+  );
 
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const { files, addFiles, removeFile } = useFileState();

package/src/components/editor/ai/ai-completion-editor.tsx

@@ -408,6 +408,7 @@ export const AiCompletionEditor: React.FC<Props> = ({
               </div>
             </Tooltip>
             <Button
+              aria-label="Discard AI completion"
               data-testid="decline-completion-button"
               variant="text"
               size="icon"

package/src/components/editor/alerts/__tests__/connection-notice.test.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { AppConfigSchema } from "@/core/config/config-schema";
 import { kernelStartupErrorAtom } from "@/core/errors/state";
 import { connectionAtom } from "@/core/network/connection";
 import { sandboxAtom, sandboxSyncAtom } from "@/core/packages/sandbox-state";
-import { WebSocketClosedReason, ConnectionState } from "@/core/websocket/types";
+import { WebSocketClosedReason, ConnectionState } from "@/core/session/types";
 import { chromeAtom } from "../../chrome/state";
 import { runtimeDetailsExpandedAtom } from "../../chrome/panels/runtime-details-state";
 import { ConnectionNotice } from "../connection-notice";

package/src/components/editor/alerts/connection-notice.tsx

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type { AppConfig } from "@/core/config/config-schema";
 import { connectionAtom } from "@/core/network/connection";
 import { useConnectionNotice } from "@/core/network/useConnectionNotice";
 import { sandboxAtom } from "@/core/packages/sandbox-state";
-import { ConnectionState } from "@/core/websocket/types";
+import { ConnectionState } from "@/core/session/types";
 import { useInterval } from "@/hooks/useInterval";
 import { cn } from "@/utils/cn";
 import { runtimeDetailsExpandedAtom } from "../chrome/panels/runtime-details-state";

package/src/components/editor/alerts/startup-logs-alert.tsx

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ export const StartupLogsAlert: React.FC = () => {
             {isRunning ? "Initializing..." : "Initialized"}
           </span>
           <Button
+            aria-label="Dismiss startup logs"
             variant="text"
             data-testid="remove-startup-logs-button"
             size="icon"

package/src/components/editor/alerts/stdin-blocking-alert.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const hasBlockingStdinAtom = atom((get) => {
   const notebook = get(notebookAtom);
 
   // Check each cell in order
-  for (const cellId of notebook.cellIds.inOrderIds) {
+  for (const cellId of notebook.cellIds) {
     // Check if the cell is idle and has unresolved stdin
     const runtime = notebook.cellRuntime[cellId];
     if (runtime.status === "idle") {

package/src/components/editor/app-container.tsx

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   type ConnectionStatus,
   WebSocketClosedReason,
   ConnectionState,
-} from "@/core/websocket/types";
+} from "@/core/session/types";
 import { cn } from "@/utils/cn";
 import { DynamicFavicon } from "./dynamic-favicon";
 import { StatusOverlay } from "./header/status";

package/src/components/editor/boundary/__tests__/ErrorBoundary.test.tsx

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { requestClientAtom } from "@/core/network/requests";
 import type { EnvironmentInfo } from "@/core/network/types";
 import { filenameAtom } from "@/core/saving/file-state";
 import { store } from "@/core/state/jotai";
-import { ConnectionState } from "@/core/websocket/types";
+import { ConnectionState } from "@/core/session/types";
 import { ErrorBoundary } from "../ErrorBoundary";
 
 vi.mock("@/utils/copy", () => ({

package/src/components/editor/cell/CreateCellButton.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Copyright 2026 Marimo. All rights reserved. */
 import { DatabaseIcon, DiamondPlusIcon, PlusIcon } from "lucide-react";
-import { useState } from "react";
+import { useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { Button } from "@/components/editor/inputs/Inputs";
 import { MinimalHotkeys } from "@/components/shortcuts/renderShortcut";
 import {
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ import {
   DropdownMenuTrigger,
 } from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu";
 import { maybeAddMarimoImport } from "@/core/cells/add-missing-import";
-import { useCellActions } from "@/core/cells/cells";
+import { useCellActions } from "@/core/cells/actions";
 import { LanguageAdapters } from "@/core/codemirror/language/LanguageAdapters";
 import { MARKDOWN_INITIAL_HIDE_CODE } from "@/core/codemirror/language/languages/markdown";
 import {
   getConnectionTooltip,
   isAppInteractionDisabled,
-} from "@/core/websocket/connection-utils";
-import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/websocket/types";
+} from "@/core/session/connection-utils";
+import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/session/types";
 import { cn } from "@/utils/cn";
 import { Tooltip } from "../../ui/tooltip";
 import { MarkdownIcon, PythonIcon } from "./code/icons";
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ export const CreateCellButton = ({
   onClick: ((opts: { code: string; hideCode?: boolean }) => void) | undefined;
   oneClickShortcut: "shift" | "mod";
 }) => {
-  const { createNewCell, addSetupCellIfDoesntExist } = useCellActions();
+  const { createCell, addSetupCell } = useCellActions();
   const shortcut = `${oneClickShortcut}-Click`;
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
-  const [justOpened, setJustOpened] = useState(false);
+  // Time the dropdown last opened, to ignore the click that opened it
+  const openedAt = useRef(0);
 
   const baseTooltipContent =
     getConnectionTooltip(connectionState) || tooltipContent;
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ export const CreateCellButton = ({
   // enabled; the user experience is confusing otherwise (how does the user
   // know they need to run import marimo as mo. first?).
   const addMarkdownCell = () => {
-    maybeAddMarimoImport({ autoInstantiate: true, createNewCell });
+    maybeAddMarimoImport({ autoInstantiate: true, createCell });
     onClick?.({
       code: LanguageAdapters.markdown.defaultCode,
       hideCode: MARKDOWN_INITIAL_HIDE_CODE,
@@ -69,23 +70,17 @@ export const CreateCellButton = ({
   };
 
   const addSQLCell = () => {
-    maybeAddMarimoImport({ autoInstantiate: true, createNewCell });
+    maybeAddMarimoImport({ autoInstantiate: true, createCell });
     onClick?.({ code: LanguageAdapters.sql.defaultCode });
   };
 
-  const addSetupCell = () => {
-    addSetupCellIfDoesntExist({});
-  };
-
   const renderIcon = (icon: React.ReactNode) => {
     return <div className="mr-3 text-muted-foreground">{icon}</div>;
   };
 
   const openDropdown = () => {
     setOpen(true);
-    setJustOpened(true);
-    // Allow interactions after a brief delay to prevent the dropdown items immediately being clicked
-    setTimeout(() => setJustOpened(false), 200);
+    openedAt.current = Date.now();
   };
 
   // We use onPointerDownCapture (not onPointerDown) to intercept events in
@@ -121,15 +116,14 @@ export const CreateCellButton = ({
   const handleOpenChange = (isOpen: boolean) => {
     setOpen(isOpen);
     if (isOpen) {
-      setJustOpened(true);
-      // Allow interactions after a brief delay
-      setTimeout(() => setJustOpened(false), 200);
+      openedAt.current = Date.now();
     }
   };
 
   const handleFirstItemClick = (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
-    // Hack to prevent the first item from being clicked when the dropdown is opened
-    if (justOpened) {
+    // Hack to prevent the first item from being clicked when the dropdown is
+    // opened: allow interactions only after a brief delay
+    if (Date.now() - openedAt.current < 200) {
       e.preventDefault();
       e.stopPropagation();
       return;
@@ -172,7 +166,7 @@ export const CreateCellButton = ({
           {renderIcon(<DatabaseIcon size={13} strokeWidth={1.5} />)}
           SQL cell
         </DropdownMenuItem>
-        <DropdownMenuItem onClick={addSetupCell}>
+        <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => addSetupCell()}>
           {renderIcon(<DiamondPlusIcon size={13} strokeWidth={1.5} />)}
           Setup cell
         </DropdownMenuItem>

package/src/components/editor/cell/DeleteButton.tsx

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import type { RuntimeState } from "@/core/network/types";
 import {
   getConnectionTooltip,
   isAppInteractionDisabled,
-} from "@/core/websocket/connection-utils";
-import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/websocket/types";
+} from "@/core/session/connection-utils";
+import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/session/types";
 import { cn } from "@/utils/cn";
 import { Events } from "@/utils/events";
 import { Button } from "../../ui/button";
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ export const DeleteButton = (props: {
   return (
     <Tooltip content={tooltipMsg} usePortal={false}>
       <Button
+        aria-label="Delete cell"
         variant="ghost"
         size="icon"
         onClick={onClick}

package/src/components/editor/cell/RunButton.tsx

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import type { CellConfig, RuntimeState } from "@/core/network/types";
 import {
   getConnectionTooltip,
   isAppInteractionDisabled,
-} from "@/core/websocket/connection-utils";
-import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/websocket/types";
+} from "@/core/session/connection-utils";
+import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/session/types";
 import { renderShortcut } from "../../shortcuts/renderShortcut";
 import { ToolbarItem } from "./toolbar";
 

package/src/components/editor/cell/StagedAICell.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/core/ai/staged-cells";
 import { getCellEditorView } from "@/core/cells/cells";
 import type { CellId } from "@/core/cells/ids";
-import { updateEditorCodeFromPython } from "@/core/codemirror/language/utils";
+import { prepareCellCodeUpdate } from "@/core/codemirror/language/cell-code";
 import { cn } from "@/utils/cn";
 import { Logger } from "@/utils/Logger";
 import {
@@ -144,7 +144,15 @@ export function rejectStagedCell(
         break;
       }
 
-      updateEditorCodeFromPython(editorView, edit.previousCode);
+      const update = prepareCellCodeUpdate(
+        editorView.state,
+        edit.previousCode,
+        { initialize: true },
+      );
+
+      if (update) {
+        editorView.dispatch(update);
+      }
       removeStagedCell(cellId);
       break;
     }

package/src/components/editor/cell/StopButton.tsx

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import { SquareIcon } from "lucide-react";
 import type { JSX } from "react";
 import { useRequestClient } from "@/core/network/requests";
 import type { RuntimeState } from "@/core/network/types";
-import { isAppInteractionDisabled } from "@/core/websocket/connection-utils";
-import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/websocket/types";
+import { isAppInteractionDisabled } from "@/core/session/connection-utils";
+import type { ConnectionState } from "@/core/session/types";
 import { Functions } from "@/utils/functions";
 import { renderShortcut } from "../../shortcuts/renderShortcut";
 import { ToolbarItem } from "./toolbar";

package/src/components/editor/cell/__tests__/StagedAICell.test.tsx

@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ vi.mock("@/components/editor/cell/useDeleteCell", () => ({
 
 vi.mock("@/core/cells/cells", () => ({
   getCellEditorView: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("@/core/cells/actions", () => ({
   useCellActions: () => ({
-    createNewCell: vi.fn(),
+    createCell: vi.fn(),
     updateCellCode: vi.fn(),
   }),
 }));

package/src/components/editor/cell/__tests__/useShouldShowInterrupt.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* Copyright 2026 Marimo. All rights reserved. */
+
+import { act, renderHook } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { useShouldShowInterrupt } from "../useShouldShowInterrupt";
+
+describe("useShouldShowInterrupt", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.useFakeTimers());
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it("waits for each run and hides immediately when it stops", () => {
+    const { result, rerender } = renderHook(useShouldShowInterrupt, {
+      initialProps: false,
+    });
+    expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+    rerender(true);
+    expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+    act(() => vi.advanceTimersByTime(200));
+    expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+    rerender(false);
+    expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+    rerender(true);
+    expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+    act(() => vi.advanceTimersByTime(199));
+    expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+    act(() => vi.advanceTimersByTime(1));
+    expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("cancels the delay for a short run", () => {
+    const { result, rerender } = renderHook(useShouldShowInterrupt, {
+      initialProps: true,
+    });
+    act(() => vi.advanceTimersByTime(100));
+    rerender(false);
+    act(() => vi.advanceTimersByTime(200));
+    expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

package/src/components/editor/cell/cell-actions.tsx

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ const CellActionsDropdownInternal = (
   ref: React.Ref<CellActionsDropdownHandle>,
 ) => {
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+  const pendingAction = useRef<(() => void) | null>(null);
   const closePopover = () => setOpen(false);
   const buttonRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
   const actions = useCellActionButtons({ cell: props, closePopover });
@@ -107,6 +108,16 @@ const CellActionsDropdownInternal = (
       className="w-[300px] p-0 pt-1 overflow-auto"
       scrollable={true}
       {...restoreFocus}
+      onCloseAutoFocus={(event) => {
+        restoreFocus.onCloseAutoFocus(event);
+        const action = pendingAction.current;
+        pendingAction.current = null;
+        if (action) {
+          // Restore focus before the action moves it or hides the editor.
+          event.preventDefault();
+          action();
+        }
+      }}
     >
       <Command>
         <CommandInput
@@ -153,7 +164,7 @@ const CellActionsDropdownInternal = (
                         if (action.disableClick || action.disabled) {
                           return;
                         }
-                        action.handle();
+                        pendingAction.current = action.handle;
                         setOpen(false);
                       }}
                       variant={action.variant}

package/src/components/editor/cell/code/__tests__/language-toggle.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* Copyright 2026 Marimo. All rights reserved. */
+
+import { EditorState } from "@codemirror/state";
+import { EditorView } from "@codemirror/view";
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { createRef } from "react";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { TooltipProvider } from "@/components/ui/tooltip";
+import { switchLanguage } from "@/core/codemirror/language/extension";
+import { LanguageToggle } from "../language-toggle";
+
+vi.mock("@/core/codemirror/language/extension", () => ({
+  switchLanguage: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+describe("LanguageToggle", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.mocked(switchLanguage).mockClear();
+  });
+
+  it("uses the editor mounted after the button rendered", () => {
+    const editorViewRef = createRef<EditorView>();
+    const onAfterToggle = vi.fn();
+    render(
+      <TooltipProvider>
+        <LanguageToggle
+          editorViewRef={editorViewRef}
+          currentLanguageAdapter="python"
+          canSwitchToLanguage={true}
+          toType="markdown"
+          displayName="Markdown"
+          icon="Markdown"
+          onAfterToggle={onAfterToggle}
+        />
+      </TooltipProvider>,
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Markdown" }));
+    expect(switchLanguage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(onAfterToggle).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    const view = new EditorView({ state: EditorState.create() });
+    editorViewRef.current = view;
+    try {
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Markdown" }));
+      expect(switchLanguage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(view, {
+        language: "markdown",
+      });
+      expect(onAfterToggle).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    } finally {
+      view.destroy();
+    }
+  });
+});

package/src/components/editor/cell/code/cell-editor.tsx

@@ -3,14 +3,21 @@ import { historyField } from "@codemirror/commands";
 import { EditorState, type Extension, StateEffect } from "@codemirror/state";
 import { EditorView, ViewPlugin } from "@codemirror/view";
 import { useIntersectionObserver } from "@uidotdev/usehooks";
-import { useAtom, useAtomValue } from "jotai";
+import { useAtom, useAtomValue, useSetAtom } from "jotai";
 import React, { memo, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import useEvent from "react-use-event-hook";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { DelayMount } from "@/components/utils/delay-mount";
 import { aiCompletionCellAtom } from "@/core/ai/state";
 import { maybeAddMarimoImport } from "@/core/cells/add-missing-import";
-import { getNotebook, useCellActions } from "@/core/cells/cells";
+import { getNotebook } from "@/core/cells/cells";
+import { useCellActions } from "@/core/cells/actions";
+import {
+  showHiddenCodeAtom,
+  takeRestoredEditorStateAtom,
+  useRestoredEditorState,
+} from "@/core/cells/editor";
+import { useNotebookDocumentEdit } from "@/core/notebook/document";
 import { SETUP_CELL_ID } from "@/core/cells/ids";
 import { usePendingDeleteService } from "@/core/cells/pending-delete-service";
 import type { CellData, CellRuntimeState } from "@/core/cells/types";
@@ -24,10 +31,8 @@ import {
   reconfigureLanguageEffect,
   switchLanguage,
 } from "@/core/codemirror/language/extension";
-import {
-  getEditorCodeAsPython,
-  updateEditorCodeFromPython,
-} from "@/core/codemirror/language/utils";
+import { prepareCellCodeUpdate } from "@/core/codemirror/language/cell-code";
+import { getEditorCodeAsPython } from "@/core/codemirror/language/utils";
 import { MARKDOWN_INITIAL_HIDE_CODE } from "@/core/codemirror/language/languages/markdown";
 import type { LanguageAdapterType } from "@/core/codemirror/language/types";
 import {
@@ -38,10 +43,9 @@ import { autoInstantiateAtom, isAiFeatureEnabled } from "@/core/config/config";
 import type { UserConfig } from "@/core/config/config-schema";
 import { OverridingHotkeyProvider } from "@/core/hotkeys/hotkeys";
 import { connectionAtom } from "@/core/network/connection";
-import { useRequestClient } from "@/core/network/requests";
 import { canUseRtc, isRtcEnabled } from "@/core/rtc/state";
 import { useSaveNotebook } from "@/core/saving/save-component";
-import { isAppConnecting } from "@/core/websocket/connection-utils";
+import { isAppConnecting } from "@/core/session/connection-utils";
 import type { Theme } from "@/theme/useTheme";
 import { cn } from "@/utils/cn";
 import { invariant } from "@/utils/invariant";
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ import { LanguageToggles } from "./language-toggle";
 export interface CellEditorProps
   extends
     Pick<CellRuntimeState, "status">,
-    Pick<CellData, "id" | "code" | "serializedEditorState" | "config"> {
+    Pick<CellData, "id" | "code" | "config"> {
   runCell: () => void;
   theme: Theme;
   showPlaceholder: boolean;
@@ -117,7 +121,6 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
   config: cellConfig,
   code,
   status,
-  serializedEditorState,
   setEditorView,
   runCell,
   userConfig,
@@ -134,10 +137,13 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
   tooltipParentSelector,
 }: CellEditorProps) => {
   const [aiCompletionCell, setAiCompletionCell] = useAtom(aiCompletionCellAtom);
+  const serializedEditorState = useRestoredEditorState(cellId);
+  const takeRestoredEditorState = useSetAtom(takeRestoredEditorStateAtom);
+  const showHiddenCodeNow = useSetAtom(showHiddenCodeAtom);
   const deleteCell = useDeleteCellCallback();
   const { saveOrNameNotebook } = useSaveNotebook();
   const pendingDeleteService = usePendingDeleteService();
-  const { saveCellConfig } = useRequestClient();
+  const edit = useNotebookDocumentEdit();
 
   const loading = status === "running" || status === "queued";
   const cellActions = useCellActions();
@@ -177,9 +183,7 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
   const toggleHideCode = useEvent(() => {
     // Use cellConfig.hide_code instead of hidden, since it may be temporarily shown
     const nextHidden = !cellConfig.hide_code;
-    // Fire-and-forget save
-    void saveCellConfig({ configs: { [cellId]: { hide_code: nextHidden } } });
-    cellActions.updateCellConfig({ cellId, config: { hide_code: nextHidden } });
+    edit((tx) => tx.updateConfig(cellId, { hide_code: nextHidden }));
     return nextHidden;
   });
 
@@ -188,25 +192,21 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
   const afterToggleMarkdown = useEvent(() => {
     maybeAddMarimoImport({
       autoInstantiate,
-      createNewCell: cellActions.createNewCell,
+      createCell: cellActions.createCell,
     });
     // Code stays visible until the user blurs the cell
     if (!cellConfig.hide_code && MARKDOWN_INITIAL_HIDE_CODE) {
-      void saveCellConfig({
-        configs: { [cellId]: { hide_code: MARKDOWN_INITIAL_HIDE_CODE } },
-      });
-      cellActions.updateCellConfig({
-        cellId,
-        config: { hide_code: MARKDOWN_INITIAL_HIDE_CODE },
-      });
-      cellActions.markUntouched({ cellId });
+      edit((tx) =>
+        tx.updateConfig(cellId, { hide_code: MARKDOWN_INITIAL_HIDE_CODE }),
+      );
+      showHiddenCodeNow({ cellId });
     }
   });
 
   const afterToggleSQL = useEvent(() => {
     maybeAddMarimoImport({
       autoInstantiate,
-      createNewCell: cellActions.createNewCell,
+      createCell: cellActions.createCell,
     });
   });
 
@@ -226,11 +226,9 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
         saveNotebook: saveOrNameNotebook,
         createManyBelow: (cells) => {
           for (const code of cells.toReversed()) {
-            cellActions.createNewCell({
+            cellActions.createCell({
+              after: cellId,
               code,
-              before: false,
-              cellId: cellId,
-              // If the code already exists, skip creation
               skipIfCodeExists: true,
             });
           }
@@ -238,8 +236,8 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
         addOrAppendSetupCell: (code) => {
           const notebook = getNotebook();
           // No setup cell yet: create one with this code at the top.
-          if (!notebook.cellIds.setupCellExists()) {
-            cellActions.addSetupCellIfDoesntExist({ code });
+          if (!notebook.cellIds.includes(SETUP_CELL_ID)) {
+            cellActions.addSetupCell({ code });
             return;
           }
           // Setup cell exists: append the pasted code to it. Prefer updating
@@ -253,7 +251,10 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
             ? `${existing.trimEnd()}\n\n${code}`
             : code;
           if (view) {
-            updateEditorCodeFromPython(view, merged);
+            const update = prepareCellCodeUpdate(view.state, merged);
+            if (update) {
+              view.dispatch(update);
+            }
           }
           cellActions.updateCellCode({
             cellId: SETUP_CELL_ID,
@@ -363,15 +364,7 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
       return composeRtcEditorConfig(code, extensions, undefined);
     }
 
-    const rtc = realTimeCollaboration(
-      cellId,
-      (code) => {
-        // It's not really a formatting change,
-        // but this means it won't be marked as stale
-        cellActions.updateCellCode({ cellId, code, formattingChange: true });
-      },
-      initialCode,
-    );
+    const rtc = realTimeCollaboration(cellId, initialCode);
     return composeRtcEditorConfig(code, extensions, rtc);
   };
 
@@ -436,8 +429,8 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
       });
     }
     setEditorView(ev);
-    // Clear the serialized state so that we don't re-create the editor next time
-    cellActions.clearSerializedEditorState({ cellId });
+    // The restored state is used once; the next mount builds a fresh editor.
+    takeRestoredEditorState({ cellId });
   });
   const [isEditorMounted, setIsEditorMounted] = useState(
     serializedEditorState !== null,
@@ -572,7 +565,7 @@ const CellEditorInternal = ({
           <div className="absolute top-1 right-5">
             <LanguageToggles
               code={code}
-              editorView={editorViewRef.current}
+              editorViewRef={editorViewRef}
               currentLanguageAdapter={languageAdapter}
               onAfterToggle={afterToggleMarkdown}
             />

package/src/components/editor/cell/code/language-toggle.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { Functions } from "@/utils/functions";
 import { MarkdownIcon, PythonIcon } from "./icons";
 
 interface LanguageTogglesProps {
-  editorView: EditorView | null;
+  editorViewRef: React.RefObject<EditorView | null>;
   code: string;
   currentLanguageAdapter: LanguageAdapter["type"] | undefined;
   onAfterToggle: () => void;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ interface LanguageTogglesProps {
 }
 
 export const LanguageToggles: React.FC<LanguageTogglesProps> = ({
-  editorView,
+  editorViewRef,
   code,
   currentLanguageAdapter,
   onAfterToggle,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export const LanguageToggles: React.FC<LanguageTogglesProps> = ({
   return (
     <div className={className}>
       <LanguageToggle
-        editorView={editorView}
+        editorViewRef={editorViewRef}
         currentLanguageAdapter={currentLanguageAdapter}
         canSwitchToLanguage={canUseSQL && currentLanguageAdapter === "python"}
         icon={
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ export const LanguageToggles: React.FC<LanguageTogglesProps> = ({
         onAfterToggle={onAfterToggle}
       />
       <LanguageToggle
-        editorView={editorView}
+        editorViewRef={editorViewRef}
         currentLanguageAdapter={currentLanguageAdapter}
         canSwitchToLanguage={
           canUseMarkdown && currentLanguageAdapter === "python"
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export const LanguageToggles: React.FC<LanguageTogglesProps> = ({
         onAfterToggle={onAfterToggle}
       />
       <LanguageToggle
-        editorView={editorView}
+        editorViewRef={editorViewRef}
         currentLanguageAdapter={currentLanguageAdapter}
         canSwitchToLanguage={true}
         icon={
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export const LanguageToggles: React.FC<LanguageTogglesProps> = ({
 
 interface Props {
   className?: string;
-  editorView: EditorView | null;
+  editorViewRef: React.RefObject<EditorView | null>;
   canSwitchToLanguage: boolean;
   currentLanguageAdapter: LanguageAdapter["type"] | undefined;
   toType: LanguageAdapter["type"];
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 export const LanguageToggle: React.FC<Props> = ({
-  editorView,
+  editorViewRef,
   currentLanguageAdapter,
   canSwitchToLanguage,
   icon,
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ export const LanguageToggle: React.FC<Props> = ({
   onAfterToggle,
 }) => {
   const handleClick = () => {
+    const editorView = editorViewRef.current;
     if (!editorView) {
       return;
     }