@mailwoman/corpus 9.2.0 → 9.4.0

package/lib/synthesizers/utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,993 @@
+/**
+ * @copyright Sister Software
+ * @license AGPL-3.0
+ * @author Teffen Ellis, et al.
+ *
+ *   Synthesis / augmentation per Phase 1 task #6.
+ *
+ *   An `Augmentation` is a pure function that takes a `CanonicalRow` and either returns a new
+ *   `CanonicalRow` (with `raw` AND `components` transformed in lockstep so alignment still
+ *   succeeds) or `null` when the augmentation doesn't apply to the row's shape.
+ *
+ *   Synthesis runs **before** alignment: augmentations transform raw + components together, and the
+ *   runner reruns alignment on each augmented row to produce its labels. This keeps the synthesis
+ *   surface small (no token/label arithmetic) at the cost of a re-run.
+ *
+ *   Every augmented row carries the `synth` marker:
+ *
+ *   - `method`: the augmentation's stable id (e.g. `"case-upper"`, `"accent-strip"`).
+ *   - `base_source_id`: the source_id of the un-augmented (or upstream-augmented) row, so ancestry is
+ *       traceable.
+ *
+ *   Phase 1 implements the locale-agnostic + most useful US/FR augmentations. Typo injection (#530)
+ *   is now implemented ({@link typoInject}) — the "seed-aware API" the deferral asked for is
+ *   resolved by seeding the PRNG from each row's `source_id`. It ships in {@link AUGMENTATIONS} but
+ *   is kept OUT of the default set ({@link defaultAugmentationsForCountry}) until its on-model
+ *   effect is measured; see the note there.
+ */
+
+import {
+	US_STREET_SUFFIX_PREFERRED_ABBR,
+	US_UNIT_DESIGNATOR_PREFERRED_ABBR,
+	matchCase,
+	matchLeadingDesignator,
+	matchTrailingSuffix,
+} from "@mailwoman/codex/us"
+import { isPresent } from "@mailwoman/core/objects"
+import { mulberry32 } from "@mailwoman/core/random"
+import { escapeRegExp } from "@mailwoman/core/strings/regexp"
+import type { BIOLabel, ComponentTag } from "@mailwoman/core/types"
+import { stripCombiningMarks } from "@mailwoman/normalize/fold"
+
+import type { CanonicalRow, LabeledRow, QuarantinedRow } from "#types"
+import { alignRow, assertSpanInvariants, type ComponentSpan } from "#utils/align"
+import { whitespaceTokenizer, type Tokenizer } from "#utils/tokenize"
+
+/**
+ * An augmentation transforms a single row. Return `null` if the augmentation doesn't apply (e.g. accent-strip on a row
+ * that has no accents; particle-strip on a US row).
+ */
+export type Augmentation = (row: CanonicalRow) => CanonicalRow | null
+
+type ComponentDict = Partial<Record<ComponentTag, string>>
+
+/**
+ * Helper: build the augmented row with synth marker + chained source_id.
+ */
+function withAugmentation(
+	source: CanonicalRow,
+	method: string,
+	newRaw: string,
+	newComponents: ComponentDict
+): CanonicalRow {
+	const baseID = source.synth?.base_source_id ?? source.source_id
+
+	return {
+		...source,
+		raw: newRaw,
+		components: newComponents,
+		source_id: `${source.source_id}+${method}`,
+		synth: { method, base_source_id: baseID },
+	}
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// Locale-agnostic augmentations
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Upper-case raw + every component value. Returns null if already all-upper.
+ */
+export const caseUpper: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.raw === row.raw.toUpperCase()) return null
+	const upRaw = row.raw.toUpperCase()
+	const upComponents: ComponentDict = {}
+
+	for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(row.components)) {
+		if (v) {
+			upComponents[k as ComponentTag] = v.toUpperCase()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "case-upper", upRaw, upComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Lower-case raw + every component value. Returns null if already all-lower.
+ */
+export const caseLower: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.raw === row.raw.toLowerCase()) return null
+	const downRaw = row.raw.toLowerCase()
+	const downComponents: ComponentDict = {}
+
+	for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(row.components)) {
+		if (v) {
+			downComponents[k as ComponentTag] = v.toLowerCase()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "case-lower", downRaw, downComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Drop commas from `raw`. Components unchanged (they didn't carry commas).
+ */
+export const dropCommas: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (!row.raw.includes(",")) return null
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(",", "").replaceAll(/\s+/g, " ").trim()
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "drop-commas", newRaw, { ...row.components })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replace single spaces with double spaces in `raw` AND in every component value. The component update is essential for
+ * alignment: `alignRow` substring-searches each component's surface form inside `raw`, so doubling the spaces in `raw`
+ * only would leave single-spaced components unfindable (this was the bug behind v0.1.1's first build attempt — 99.9% of
+ * quarantined rows traced back to this augmentation). Doubling both keeps the substring contract intact.
+ */
+export const doubleSpace: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (!/ /.test(row.raw)) return null
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(" ", "  ")
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = {}
+
+	for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(row.components)) {
+		if (v) {
+			newComponents[k as ComponentTag] = v.replaceAll(" ", "  ")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "double-space", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Strip Unicode combining marks (accents, diacritics) from raw + components. "Hôtel" → "Hotel"; "Île-de-France" →
+ * "Ile-de-France". Returns null if the row has no accents.
+ */
+export const accentStrip: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	const stripped = stripCombiningMarks(row.raw)
+
+	if (stripped === row.raw) return null
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = {}
+
+	for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(row.components)) {
+		if (v) {
+			newComponents[k as ComponentTag] = stripCombiningMarks(v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "accent-strip", stripped, newComponents)
+}
+
+// --- typo injection (#530) -------------------------------------------------
+// The Phase-1 deferral asked for a "seed-aware API" so the corpus stays reproducible. Resolution:
+// seed the PRNG from the row's own `source_id` — deterministic per row, no global state, fits the
+// existing `(row) => CanonicalRow | null` signature unchanged.
+
+/**
+ * QWERTY adjacency for realistic single-key substitutions (lowercase; case is restored on apply).
+ */
+const QWERTY_ADJACENCY: Record<string, string> = {
+	a: "qwsz",
+	b: "vghn",
+	c: "xdfv",
+	d: "serfcx",
+	e: "wsdr",
+	f: "drtgvc",
+	g: "ftyhbv",
+	h: "gyujnb",
+	i: "ujko",
+	j: "huikmn",
+	k: "jiolm",
+	l: "kop",
+	m: "njk",
+	n: "bhjm",
+	o: "iklp",
+	p: "ol",
+	q: "wa",
+	r: "edft",
+	s: "awedxz",
+	t: "rfgy",
+	u: "yhji",
+	v: "cfgb",
+	w: "qase",
+	x: "zsdc",
+	y: "tghu",
+	z: "asx",
+}
+
+/**
+ * A component value eligible for a typo: a pure-letter name of ≥4 chars (excludes numbers/postcodes/units).
+ */
+const ALPHA_NAME = /^[\p{L}][\p{L} '.-]{3,}$/u
+
+/**
+ * Djb2 → uint32 seed. Deterministic; no `Math.random` (banned here and breaks corpus reproducibility).
+ */
+function hashString(s: string): number {
+	let h = 5381
+
+	for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
+		h = ((h << 5) + h + s.charCodeAt(i)) >>> 0
+	}
+
+	return h >>> 0
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inject ONE realistic typo — an adjacent-QWERTY-key substitution OR an adjacent-character transposition — into a
+ * single alpha name component (street/locality/region…), teaching the model to recover from real-world misspellings
+ * ("Cupertino" → "Cupertimo"). The edit is applied to BOTH `raw` and the component so the substring contract `alignRow`
+ * depends on holds. Number / postcode / unit components are never touched (they fail {@link ALPHA_NAME}). Deterministic
+ * per row (seeded from `source_id`). Returns `null` when no eligible component exists or the edit is a no-op.
+ */
+export const typoInject: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	const rng = mulberry32(hashString(`${row.source_id}:typo`))
+
+	// Count occurrences so we only edit an UNAMBIGUOUS target — a value that appears exactly once in
+	// raw and isn't a substring of another component. (e.g. "Cupertino" the locality is a substring of
+	// "Cupertino Avenue" the street; editing it would `replace` the street's occurrence and break the
+	// span. The substring contract `alignRow` enforces is why we filter rather than guess the position.)
+	const occurs = (needle: string): number => {
+		let n = 0
+
+		for (let i = row.raw.indexOf(needle); i >= 0; i = row.raw.indexOf(needle, i + needle.length)) {
+			n++
+		}
+
+		return n
+	}
+
+	const values = Object.values(row.components).filter(isPresent)
+
+	const eligible = (Object.entries(row.components) as Array<[ComponentTag, string]>).filter(
+		([, v]) => v && ALPHA_NAME.test(v) && occurs(v) === 1 && !values.some((o) => o !== v && o.includes(v))
+	)
+
+	if (!eligible.length) return null
+	const [tag, value] = pick(eligible, rng)
+	// Interior alpha positions only — keep the first char (most real typos are interior) + a right neighbour.
+	const positions: number[] = []
+
+	for (let i = 1; i < value.length - 1; i++)
+		if (/\p{L}/u.test(value[i]!)) {
+			positions.push(i)
+		}
+
+	if (!positions.length) return null
+	const i = pick(positions, rng)
+	const ch = value[i]!
+	let typed: string
+
+	if (rng() < 0.5) {
+		const next = value[i + 1]!
+
+		if (ch === next) return null // transposing equal chars is a no-op
+		typed = value.slice(0, i) + next + ch + value.slice(i + 2)
+	} else {
+		const lower = ch.toLowerCase()
+		const adj = QWERTY_ADJACENCY[lower]
+
+		if (!adj) return null
+		const sub = adj[Math.floor(rng() * adj.length)]!
+		typed = value.slice(0, i) + (ch !== lower ? sub.toUpperCase() : sub) + value.slice(i + 1)
+	}
+
+	if (typed === value) return null
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replace(value, typed)
+
+	// first occurrence; `replace(string, …)` is literal, not regex
+	return withAugmentation(row, "typo-inject", newRaw, { ...row.components, [tag]: typed })
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// US-specific augmentations
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * US state full ↔ alpha-2 mapping. Two-way: `STATE_TO_ABBR["Oregon"] = "OR"`.
+ */
+const STATE_NAME_TO_ABBR: Record<string, string> = {
+	Alabama: "AL",
+	Alaska: "AK",
+	Arizona: "AZ",
+	Arkansas: "AR",
+	California: "CA",
+	Colorado: "CO",
+	Connecticut: "CT",
+	Delaware: "DE",
+	Florida: "FL",
+	Georgia: "GA",
+	Hawaii: "HI",
+	Idaho: "ID",
+	Illinois: "IL",
+	Indiana: "IN",
+	Iowa: "IA",
+	Kansas: "KS",
+	Kentucky: "KY",
+	Louisiana: "LA",
+	Maine: "ME",
+	Maryland: "MD",
+	Massachusetts: "MA",
+	Michigan: "MI",
+	Minnesota: "MN",
+	Mississippi: "MS",
+	Missouri: "MO",
+	Montana: "MT",
+	Nebraska: "NE",
+	Nevada: "NV",
+	"New Hampshire": "NH",
+	"New Jersey": "NJ",
+	"New Mexico": "NM",
+	"New York": "NY",
+	"North Carolina": "NC",
+	"North Dakota": "ND",
+	Ohio: "OH",
+	Oklahoma: "OK",
+	Oregon: "OR",
+	Pennsylvania: "PA",
+	"Rhode Island": "RI",
+	"South Carolina": "SC",
+	"South Dakota": "SD",
+	Tennessee: "TN",
+	Texas: "TX",
+	Utah: "UT",
+	Vermont: "VT",
+	Virginia: "VA",
+	Washington: "WA",
+	"West Virginia": "WV",
+	Wisconsin: "WI",
+	Wyoming: "WY",
+	"District of Columbia": "DC",
+}
+
+const STATE_ABBR_TO_NAME: Record<string, string> = Object.fromEntries(
+	Object.entries(STATE_NAME_TO_ABBR).map(([k, v]) => [v, k])
+)
+
+/**
+ * US: substitute the full state name for its alpha-2 abbreviation.
+ */
+export const stateExpand: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const region = row.components.region
+
+	if (!region) return null
+	const full = STATE_ABBR_TO_NAME[region]
+
+	if (!full) return null
+	// Replace the bounded "OR" surface form with "Oregon" in raw. Use word boundaries so we
+	// don't match inside "Stop" or similar.
+	const re = new RegExp(`\\b${region}\\b`, "g")
+
+	if (!re.test(row.raw)) return null
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${region}\\b`, "g"), full)
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components, region: full }
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "state-expand", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * US: substitute the alpha-2 abbreviation for the full state name.
+ */
+export const stateAbbreviate: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const region = row.components.region
+
+	if (!region) return null
+	const abbr = STATE_NAME_TO_ABBR[region]
+
+	if (!abbr) return null
+	const re = new RegExp(`\\b${region}\\b`, "g")
+
+	if (!re.test(row.raw)) return null
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${region}\\b`, "g"), abbr)
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components, region: abbr }
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "state-abbreviate", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+const DIRECTIONAL_FULL_TO_ABBR: Record<string, string> = {
+	North: "N",
+	South: "S",
+	East: "E",
+	West: "W",
+	Northeast: "NE",
+	Northwest: "NW",
+	Southeast: "SE",
+	Southwest: "SW",
+}
+
+const DIRECTIONAL_ABBR_TO_FULL: Record<string, string> = Object.fromEntries(
+	Object.entries(DIRECTIONAL_FULL_TO_ABBR).map(([k, v]) => [v, k])
+)
+
+/**
+ * US: expand directional abbreviations in `street`/`street_suffix` (NW → Northwest).
+ */
+export const directionalExpand: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const tagsToCheck: ComponentTag[] = ["street", "street_suffix", "street_prefix"]
+	let changed = false
+	let newRaw = row.raw
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components }
+
+	for (const tag of tagsToCheck) {
+		const v = newComponents[tag]
+
+		if (!v) continue
+		const replaced = v.replaceAll(/\b(N|S|E|W|NE|NW|SE|SW)\b/g, (m) => DIRECTIONAL_ABBR_TO_FULL[m] ?? m)
+
+		if (replaced !== v) {
+			newComponents[tag] = replaced
+			newRaw = newRaw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${escapeRegExp(v)}\\b`, "g"), replaced)
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!changed) return null
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "directional-expand", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * US: abbreviate directional words (Northwest → NW).
+ */
+export const directionalAbbreviate: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const tagsToCheck: ComponentTag[] = ["street", "street_suffix", "street_prefix"]
+	let changed = false
+	let newRaw = row.raw
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components }
+
+	for (const tag of tagsToCheck) {
+		const v = newComponents[tag]
+
+		if (!v) continue
+
+		const replaced = v.replaceAll(
+			/\b(North|South|East|West|Northeast|Northwest|Southeast|Southwest)\b/g,
+			(m) => DIRECTIONAL_FULL_TO_ABBR[m] ?? m
+		)
+
+		if (replaced !== v) {
+			newComponents[tag] = replaced
+			newRaw = newRaw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${escapeRegExp(v)}\\b`, "g"), replaced)
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!changed) return null
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "directional-abbreviate", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * US: swap the trailing street-suffix word in `components.street` to its preferred USPS abbreviation, preserving case.
+ * `"5th Avenue"` → `"5th Ave"`; `"5TH AVENUE"` → `"5TH AVE"`; `"main street"` → `"main st"`. Returns null when no
+ * trailing suffix is recognized, when the trailing word is already the preferred abbreviation, or when the swap would
+ * leave `raw` un- touched (alignment requires both raw and components to move in lockstep).
+ *
+ * Targets the trailing word only to avoid mangling streets like "Avenue of the Americas" where the suffix-shaped word
+ * is part of the proper name rather than a USPS suffix.
+ */
+export const streetSuffixAbbreviate: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const street = row.components.street
+
+	if (!street) return null
+	const match = matchTrailingSuffix(street)
+
+	if (!match) return null
+
+	const preferred = US_STREET_SUFFIX_PREFERRED_ABBR[match.canonical]
+	const target = matchCase(preferred, match.matched)
+
+	if (target === match.matched) return null
+
+	const newStreet = `${street.slice(0, street.lastIndexOf(match.matched))}${target}`
+
+	if (newStreet === street) return null
+
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components, street: newStreet }
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${escapeRegExp(street)}\\b`, "g"), newStreet)
+
+	if (newRaw === row.raw) return null
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "us-street-suffix-abbreviate", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * US: swap the trailing street-suffix word in `components.street` to its full canonical form, preserving case. `"5th
+ * Ave"` → `"5th Avenue"`; `"5TH AVE"` → `"5TH AVENUE"`; `"main st"` → `"main street"`. Returns null when no trailing
+ * suffix is recognized, when the trailing word is already the canonical full form, or when the swap would leave `raw`
+ * untouched.
+ *
+ * Same trailing-word-only rule as `streetSuffixAbbreviate`.
+ */
+export const streetSuffixExpand: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const street = row.components.street
+
+	if (!street) return null
+	const match = matchTrailingSuffix(street)
+
+	if (!match) return null
+
+	const target = matchCase(match.canonical, match.matched)
+
+	if (target === match.matched) return null
+
+	const newStreet = `${street.slice(0, street.lastIndexOf(match.matched))}${target}`
+
+	if (newStreet === street) return null
+
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components, street: newStreet }
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${escapeRegExp(street)}\\b`, "g"), newStreet)
+
+	if (newRaw === row.raw) return null
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "us-street-suffix-expand", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * US: swap the LEADING secondary-unit designator in `components.unit` to its approved USPS abbreviation, preserving
+ * case + the identifier. `"Apartment 4B"` → `"Apt 4B"`; `"SUITE 200"` → `"STE 200"`; `"floor 3"` → `"fl 3"`. Returns
+ * null when the unit has no recognized leading designator (a bare `"4B"` / `"#210"`), the designator is already the
+ * approved abbreviation, or the swap would leave `raw` untouched.
+ *
+ * Mirrors `streetSuffixAbbreviate`, but designators LEAD the unit (vs suffixes that trail the street). Sourced from the
+ * USPS Pub-28 C2 codex — the data-generation counterpart to the runtime `UnitDesignatorClassifier`.
+ */
+export const unitDesignatorAbbreviate: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const unit = row.components.unit
+
+	if (!unit) return null
+	const match = matchLeadingDesignator(unit)
+
+	if (!match) return null
+
+	const preferred = US_UNIT_DESIGNATOR_PREFERRED_ABBR[match.canonical]
+	const target = matchCase(preferred, match.matched)
+
+	if (target === match.matched) return null
+
+	const newUnit = `${target}${unit.slice(match.matched.length)}`
+
+	if (newUnit === unit) return null
+
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components, unit: newUnit }
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${escapeRegExp(unit)}\\b`, "g"), newUnit)
+
+	if (newRaw === row.raw) return null
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "us-unit-designator-abbreviate", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * US: swap the LEADING secondary-unit designator in `components.unit` to its full canonical form, preserving case + the
+ * identifier. `"Apt 4B"` → `"Apartment 4B"`; `"STE 200"` → `"SUITE 200"`. Returns null when there's no recognized
+ * leading designator, it's already the canonical word, or the swap would leave `raw` untouched. Same leading-word-only
+ * rule as `unitDesignatorAbbreviate`.
+ */
+export const unitDesignatorExpand: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const unit = row.components.unit
+
+	if (!unit) return null
+	const match = matchLeadingDesignator(unit)
+
+	if (!match) return null
+
+	const target = matchCase(match.canonical, match.matched)
+
+	if (target === match.matched) return null
+
+	const newUnit = `${target}${unit.slice(match.matched.length)}`
+
+	if (newUnit === unit) return null
+
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components, unit: newUnit }
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replaceAll(new RegExp(`\\b${escapeRegExp(unit)}\\b`, "g"), newUnit)
+
+	if (newRaw === row.raw) return null
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "us-unit-designator-expand", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+/**
+ * US: ZIP+4 form `12345-6789` → `123456789` (dash dropped).
+ */
+export const zipPlus4DashDrop: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "US") return null
+	const postcode = row.components.postcode
+
+	if (!postcode || !/^\d{5}-\d{4}$/.test(postcode)) return null
+	const noDash = postcode.replace("-", "")
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replace(postcode, noDash)
+
+	if (newRaw === row.raw) return null
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "zip-plus4-dash-drop", newRaw, { ...row.components, postcode: noDash })
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// FR-specific augmentations
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * FR: drop the article particle from a street ("Rue de la République" → "Rue République").
+ */
+export const particleStrip: Augmentation = (row) => {
+	if (row.country !== "FR") return null
+	const particle = row.components.street_prefix_particle
+
+	if (!particle) return null
+	const newComponents: ComponentDict = { ...row.components }
+	delete newComponents.street_prefix_particle
+	// Drop the particle from raw, then collapse any double spaces.
+	const re = new RegExp(`\\s+${escapeRegExp(particle)}\\s+`, "g")
+
+	if (!re.test(row.raw)) return null
+	const newRaw = row.raw.replace(re, " ").replaceAll(/\s+/g, " ").trim()
+
+	return withAugmentation(row, "particle-strip", newRaw, newComponents)
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// Registry + default policies
+// ===========================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Stable id → augmentation table.
+ */
+export const AUGMENTATIONS: Record<string, Augmentation> = {
+	"case-upper": caseUpper,
+	"case-lower": caseLower,
+	"drop-commas": dropCommas,
+	"double-space": doubleSpace,
+	"accent-strip": accentStrip,
+	"state-expand": stateExpand,
+	"state-abbreviate": stateAbbreviate,
+	"directional-expand": directionalExpand,
+	"directional-abbreviate": directionalAbbreviate,
+	"us-street-suffix-abbreviate": streetSuffixAbbreviate,
+	"us-street-suffix-expand": streetSuffixExpand,
+	"us-unit-designator-abbreviate": unitDesignatorAbbreviate,
+	"us-unit-designator-expand": unitDesignatorExpand,
+	"zip-plus4-dash-drop": zipPlus4DashDrop,
+	"particle-strip": particleStrip,
+	"typo-inject": typoInject,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Default augmentation set, by country. Phase 1: US + FR; others get the locale-agnostic set.
+ */
+export function defaultAugmentationsForCountry(country: string): readonly Augmentation[] {
+	// `typoInject` (#530) is deliberately NOT in the default set. It is implemented, tested, and
+	// registered in {@link AUGMENTATIONS} so callers can opt in (add it here or compose it directly),
+	// but it changes the synthesized corpus distribution and its effect on the trained model is not
+	// yet measured. Per the project's default-OFF discipline, promotion into the default build is an
+	// operator call once an A/B vs the current corpus exists — keeping the default byte-stable.
+	const universal = [caseUpper, caseLower, dropCommas, doubleSpace]
+
+	switch (country) {
+		case "US":
+			return [
+				...universal,
+				stateExpand,
+				stateAbbreviate,
+				directionalExpand,
+				directionalAbbreviate,
+				streetSuffixAbbreviate,
+				streetSuffixExpand,
+				unitDesignatorAbbreviate,
+				unitDesignatorExpand,
+				zipPlus4DashDrop,
+			]
+		case "FR":
+			return [...universal, accentStrip, particleStrip]
+		default:
+			return universal
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run every augmentation against a row; collect the non-null outputs. The augmentations are pure, so callers can
+ * compose them off this generator (e.g. nesting accent-strip ∘ state-abbreviate).
+ */
+export function* synthesizeRow(
+	row: CanonicalRow,
+	augmentations: readonly Augmentation[] = defaultAugmentationsForCountry(row.country)
+): Generator<CanonicalRow> {
+	for (const aug of augmentations) {
+		const out = aug(row)
+
+		if (out) {
+			yield out
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * One element of `arr`, drawn with the supplied unit-interval source.
+ */
+export function pick<T>(arr: ReadonlyArray<T>, random: () => number): T {
+	return arr[Math.floor(random() * arr.length)]!
+}
+
+/**
+ * One element of `items`, drawn with probability proportional to `weightOf(item)`.
+ *
+ * One `random()` draw per call. `inclusive` (the default) keeps an item whose cumulative weight lands exactly on the
+ * draw (`r <= 0` after subtraction); pass `inclusive: false` for the strict `r < 0` boundary — the two callers this
+ * consolidates disagreed on that float-exact edge, and each keeps its own reading so its draw stream is unchanged.
+ */
+export function weightedPick<T>(
+	items: readonly T[],
+	random: () => number,
+	weightOf: (item: T) => number,
+	options: { inclusive?: boolean } = {}
+): T {
+	const inclusive = options.inclusive ?? true
+	const total = items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + weightOf(item), 0)
+	let r = random() * total
+
+	for (const item of items) {
+		r -= weightOf(item)
+
+		if (inclusive ? r <= 0 : r < 0) return item
+	}
+
+	return items.at(-1)!
+}
+
+/**
+ * One band of a {@link tieredNumber} distribution: a tier draw below `cutoff` (the last band omits it) yields `base +
+ * floor(random() * span)`.
+ */
+export interface TieredNumberBand {
+	cutoff?: number
+	base: number
+	span: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * A number drawn from a tiered magnitude distribution — the house/box-number shape the synthesizers share.
+ *
+ * Exactly two `random()` draws per call, in the order every caller established: one tier draw, then one value draw
+ * inside the chosen band.
+ */
+export function tieredNumber(random: () => number, bands: readonly TieredNumberBand[]): string {
+	const r = random()
+	let chosen = bands.at(-1)!
+
+	for (const band of bands) {
+		if (band.cutoff === undefined || r < band.cutoff) {
+			chosen = band
+
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return String(chosen.base + Math.floor(random() * chosen.span))
+}
+
+/**
+ * The primary locale a synthesizer renders for a country — ISO-3166-1 alpha-2, alpha-3, or the English display name,
+ * case- and whitespace-tolerant. Unknown countries render as `en-US`.
+ *
+ * The PO-box synthesizer keeps its own template-scoped `countryToLocale` on top of this one: it maps any locale WITHOUT
+ * a PO-box template back to `en-US` (so `DE` still renders the en-US box vocabulary there).
+ */
+export function countryToLocale(country: string): string {
+	const c = country.trim().toUpperCase()
+
+	if (c === "US" || c === "USA" || c === "UNITED STATES") return "en-US"
+
+	if (c === "CA" || c === "CAN" || c === "CANADA") return "en-CA"
+
+	if (c === "GB" || c === "UK" || c === "GBR" || c === "UNITED KINGDOM") return "en-GB"
+
+	if (c === "AU" || c === "AUS" || c === "AUSTRALIA") return "en-AU"
+
+	if (c === "NZ" || c === "NZL" || c === "NEW ZEALAND") return "en-NZ"
+
+	if (c === "FR" || c === "FRA" || c === "FRANCE") return "fr-FR"
+
+	if (c === "DE" || c === "DEU" || c === "GERMANY") return "de-DE"
+
+	if (c === "ES" || c === "ESP" || c === "SPAIN") return "es-ES"
+
+	if (c === "MX" || c === "MEX" || c === "MEXICO") return "es-MX"
+
+	if (c === "AR" || c === "ARG" || c === "ARGENTINA") return "es-AR"
+
+	return "en-US"
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+// Compositional synthesis (Phase 1.6 §2.1)
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// The single-row augmentations above transform one `CanonicalRow` into another with `raw` and
+// `components` moved in lockstep, leaving alignment to derive labels downstream. Composition is
+// fundamentally different: it takes a **venue string** and an **address row** from a different
+// source and renders them together as a single `raw`, producing adversarial training examples
+// where embedded place-shaped tokens collide with real address components.
+//
+// Naive post-hoc alignment of the composed string would mis-label the embedded tokens: a venue
+// like `"Buffalo Health Clinic"` shares the token `"Buffalo"` with an address locality
+// `"Buffalo, NY"`, and alignment's leftmost-substring search would claim the venue's `"Buffalo"`
+// as the locality (or vice versa, depending on order). Composition therefore **emits labels
+// directly** — venue tokens are unconditionally labeled `B-venue` / `I-venue`, and the address
+// half re-uses the labels produced by aligning the un-composed address row in isolation. No
+// re-search across the composed boundary.
+//
+// Why a separate primitive (not an `Augmentation`):
+//
+// - Augmentations are unary `(CanonicalRow) -> CanonicalRow | null` and run through
+//   `synthesizeRow`. Composition is binary `(string, CanonicalRow) -> LabeledRow` and emits
+//   `LabeledRow` directly (it cannot defer labels to alignment without the embedded-token bug).
+// - Augmentations preserve provenance to a single source; compositions cite the address source
+//   in `synth.base_source_id` and carry the venue surface form on the `venue` component.
+// - Throttling (the issue calls for ~5-15% of training set) is a build-time policy, not an
+//   adapter-level concern — the build pipeline applies it; the primitive stays pure.
+//
+// See `DECISIONS.md` for the rationale on why composition lives alongside augmentation but is
+// not part of the `AUGMENTATIONS` registry.
+
+/**
+ * Options accepted by `composeAdversarialRow`.
+ */
+export interface ComposeAdversarialOptions {
+	/**
+	 * Stable pattern label written into the emitted row's `synth.method` field (as `compose:<pattern>`). Free-form but
+	 * should be one of a small set of canonical pattern names so downstream filtering / stratification can target
+	 * individual patterns.
+	 *
+	 * Recommended values (Phase 1.6 §2.1):
+	 *
+	 * - `"place-name-venue"` — venue token shared with locality (`Buffalo Health Clinic, Buffalo NY`).
+	 * - `"place-shaped-venue"` — venue contains a place-shaped substring (`New York, New York Steakhouse, Las Vegas NV`).
+	 * - `"particle-honorific"` — apostrophe + St./Saint ambiguity (`P'tit St. Denis Street Café`).
+	 */
+	pattern: string
+
+	/**
+	 * Separator inserted between the venue and the address `raw`. Default `", "`. Single space (`" "`) produces the
+	 * harder unpunctuated variant; newline (`"\n"`) the multi-line variant.
+	 */
+	separator?: string
+
+	/**
+	 * Tokenizer to apply to the venue prefix. Default `whitespaceTokenizer()`. The address half uses the same tokenizer
+	 * when re-aligned — pass a consistent one if customizing.
+	 */
+	tokenizer?: Tokenizer
+}
+
+/**
+ * Either a successful labeled composition or a quarantined attempt.
+ */
+export type ComposeResult = { kind: "labeled"; row: LabeledRow } | { kind: "quarantined"; row: QuarantinedRow }
+
+/**
+ * Compose a venue string + an address row into a single adversarial `LabeledRow`.
+ *
+ * The emitted row's `raw` is `${venue}${separator}${address.raw}`. Tokens are produced by tokenizing the two halves
+ * independently and concatenating; labels are venue tokens → `B-venue` / `I-venue` followed by the address's labels
+ * (obtained by aligning the input address in isolation). This deterministic boundary is the entire point of the
+ * primitive: the embedded place-shaped tokens in the venue stay labeled as `venue`, never as the address's locality /
+ * region / etc., even when they share surface forms.
+ *
+ * The char-offset span triple (#519) is re-targeted to the composed surface by the same deterministic boundary: one
+ * `venue` span over `[0, venue.length)` (no re-search), then the address's own spans shifted by `venue.length +
+ * separator.length` — plain offset arithmetic, no token indirection. The separator chars sit outside every span
+ * (deliberately unlabeled — now expressible). The composed triple is passed through `assertSpanInvariants` so a
+ * composition bug can't ride into a corpus.
+ *
+ * The address's components are forwarded as-is (alignment ran on them and they survived); `venue` is added on top with
+ * the trimmed venue string as its surface form.
+ *
+ * Returns `{ kind: "quarantined" }` when:
+ *
+ * - The venue is empty or whitespace-only.
+ * - The venue is not NFC-normalized (char offsets over a non-NFC raw are ambiguous — the same discipline `alignRow`
+ *   enforces on adapter rows, surfaced as quarantine here because the venue is caller-supplied data).
+ * - The address row fails alignment in isolation (the underlying failure reason is propagated).
+ */
+export function composeAdversarialRow(
+	venue: string,
+	address: CanonicalRow,
+	options: ComposeAdversarialOptions
+): ComposeResult {
+	const separator = options.separator ?? ", "
+	const tokenizer = options.tokenizer ?? whitespaceTokenizer()
+
+	const venueTrimmed = venue.trim()
+
+	if (!venueTrimmed) {
+		return { kind: "quarantined", row: { row: address, reason: "venue-empty" } }
+	}
+
+	// Char-offset spans over the composed raw are only meaningful under NFC (#519) — the address
+	// half is enforced by alignRow; the venue is caller-supplied and checked here.
+	if (venueTrimmed.normalize("NFC") !== venueTrimmed) {
+		return { kind: "quarantined", row: { row: address, reason: "venue-not-nfc" } }
+	}
+
+	const addressAligned = alignRow(address, { tokenizer })
+
+	if (addressAligned.kind !== "labeled") {
+		// Surface the address's quarantine reason but tag it with the compose attempt for
+		// debugging. The original CanonicalRow stays on the QuarantinedRow so callers can
+		// inspect the address payload.
+		return {
+			kind: "quarantined",
+			row: { row: address, reason: `compose-address-${addressAligned.row.reason}` },
+		}
+	}
+
+	const venueTokens = tokenizer.tokenize(venueTrimmed)
+
+	if (!venueTokens.length) {
+		return { kind: "quarantined", row: { row: address, reason: "venue-no-tokens" } }
+	}
+
+	const venueLabels: BIOLabel[] = venueTokens.map((_, i) => (i === 0 ? "B-venue" : "I-venue"))
+
+	const tokens: string[] = [...venueTokens.map((t) => t.text), ...addressAligned.row.tokens]
+	const labels: BIOLabel[] = [...venueLabels, ...addressAligned.row.labels]
+
+	const composedRaw = `${venueTrimmed}${separator}${address.raw}`
+
+	const composedComponents = {
+		venue: venueTrimmed,
+		...address.components,
+	}
+
+	// Re-target the char-offset spans (#519) onto the composed surface: the venue span covers the
+	// whole trimmed venue (internal punctuation included — the token path cannot say that), and the
+	// address's spans shift right by the venue + separator length. alignRow emits the triple on
+	// every labeled row, so absence here is an alignment-contract bug, not data — fail loudly.
+	const { span_starts: addrStarts, span_ends: addrEnds, span_tags: addrTags } = addressAligned.row
+
+	if (addrStarts === undefined || addrEnds === undefined || addrTags === undefined) {
+		throw new Error(
+			`composeAdversarialRow: alignRow returned a labeled row without the span triple ` +
+				`(source=${address.source}, source_id=${address.source_id}) — alignment contract violation`
+		)
+	}
+
+	const offset = venueTrimmed.length + separator.length
+
+	const spans: ComponentSpan[] = [
+		{ tag: "venue", start: 0, end: venueTrimmed.length },
+		...addrTags.map((tag, i) => ({ tag, start: addrStarts[i]! + offset, end: addrEnds[i]! + offset })),
+	]
+
+	const baseSourceID = address.synth?.base_source_id ?? address.source_id
+	const method = `compose:${options.pattern}`
+
+	const composed: LabeledRow = {
+		raw: composedRaw,
+		components: composedComponents,
+		country: address.country,
+		locale: address.locale,
+		source: address.source,
+		source_id: `${address.source_id}+${method}`,
+		corpus_version: address.corpus_version,
+		license: address.license,
+		synth: { method, base_source_id: baseSourceID },
+		tokens,
+		labels,
+		span_starts: spans.map((s) => s.start),
+		span_ends: spans.map((s) => s.end),
+		span_tags: spans.map((s) => s.tag),
+	}
+
+	assertSpanInvariants(spans, composed)
+
+	return { kind: "labeled", row: composed }
+}