@maci-protocol/circuits 0.0.0-ci.c74cc8b → 0.0.0-ci.cf26211

package/circom/coordinator/non-qv/processMessages.circom

@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@ include "../../utils/hashers.circom";
 include "../../utils/messageToCommand.circom";
 include "../../utils/privToPubKey.circom";
 include "../../utils/non-qv/stateLeafAndBallotTransformer.circom";
-include "../../utils/trees/incrementalMerkleTree.circom";
+// Merkle tree utilities (split from incrementalMerkleTree.circom)
+include "../../utils/trees/MerkleTreeInclusionProof.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/LeafExists.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/CheckRoot.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/MerkleGeneratePathIndices.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/BinaryMerkleRoot.circom";
 include "../../utils/trees/incrementalQuinaryTree.circom";
 
 /**
@@ -32,14 +37,13 @@ include "../../utils/trees/incrementalQuinaryTree.circom";
     var STATE_TREE_ARITY = 2;
     var MSG_LENGTH = 10;
     var PACKED_CMD_LENGTH = 4;
-    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 4;
+    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 3;
     var BALLOT_LENGTH = 2;
     var BALLOT_NONCE_IDX = 0;
     var BALLOT_VO_ROOT_IDX = 1;
     var STATE_LEAF_PUB_X_IDX = 0;
     var STATE_LEAF_PUB_Y_IDX = 1;
     var STATE_LEAF_VOICE_CREDIT_BALANCE_IDX = 2;
-    var STATE_LEAF_TIMESTAMP_IDX = 3;
     var msgTreeZeroValue = 8370432830353022751713833565135785980866757267633941821328460903436894336785;
     // Number of options for this poll.
     var maxVoteOptions = VOTE_OPTION_TREE_ARITY ** voteOptionTreeDepth;
@@ -266,7 +270,7 @@ include "../../utils/trees/incrementalQuinaryTree.circom";
  */
 template ProcessOneNonQv(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     // Constants defining the structure and size of state and ballots.
-    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 4;
+    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 3;
     var BALLOT_LENGTH = 2;
     var MSG_LENGTH = 10;
     var PACKED_CMD_LENGTH = 4;
@@ -282,8 +286,6 @@ template ProcessOneNonQv(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     var STATE_LEAF_PUB_Y_IDX = 1;
     // Voice Credit balance.
     var STATE_LEAF_VOICE_CREDIT_BALANCE_IDX = 2;
-    // Timestamp.
-    var STATE_LEAF_TIMESTAMP_IDX = 3;
     var N_BITS = 252;
 
     // Number of users that have completed the sign up.
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ template ProcessOneNonQv(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     var computedStateLeafPathIndices[stateTreeDepth] = MerkleGeneratePathIndices(stateTreeDepth)(stateIndexMux);
 
     // 3. Verify that the original state leaf exists in the given state root.
-    var stateLeafHash = PoseidonHasher(4)(stateLeaf);
+    var stateLeafHash = PoseidonHasher(3)(stateLeaf);
     var stateLeafQip = BinaryMerkleRoot(stateTreeDepth)(
         stateLeafHash,
         actualStateTreeDepth,
@@ -419,11 +421,10 @@ template ProcessOneNonQv(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     newBallotVoRoot <== newBallotVoRootMux;
 
     // 6. Generate a new state root.
-    var computedNewStateLeafhash = PoseidonHasher(4)([
+    var computedNewStateLeafhash = PoseidonHasher(3)([
         computedNewSlPubKey[STATE_LEAF_PUB_X_IDX],
         computedNewSlPubKey[STATE_LEAF_PUB_Y_IDX],
-        voiceCreditBalanceMux,
-        stateLeaf[STATE_LEAF_TIMESTAMP_IDX]
+        voiceCreditBalanceMux
     ]);
 
     var computedNewStateLeafQip = BinaryMerkleRoot(stateTreeDepth)(
@@ -445,3 +446,4 @@ template ProcessOneNonQv(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
 
     newBallotRoot <== computedNewBallotQip;
 }
+

package/circom/coordinator/non-qv/tallyVotes.circom

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ include "./comparators.circom";
 // zk-kit import
 include "./unpack-element.circom";
 // local imports
-include "../../utils/trees/incrementalMerkleTree.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/CheckRoot.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/MerkleGeneratePathIndices.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/LeafExists.circom";
 include "../../utils/trees/incrementalQuinaryTree.circom";
 include "../../utils/calculateTotal.circom";
 include "../../utils/hashers.circom";
@@ -230,3 +232,4 @@ template TallyVotesNonQv(
     
     computedNewTallyCommitment === newTallyCommitment;
 }
+

package/circom/coordinator/qv/processMessages.circom

@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@ include "../../utils/messageToCommand.circom";
 include "../../utils/privToPubKey.circom";
 include "../../utils/qv/stateLeafAndBallotTransformer.circom";
 include "../../utils/trees/incrementalQuinaryTree.circom";
-include "../../utils/trees/incrementalMerkleTree.circom";
+// Merkle tree utilities (split from incrementalMerkleTree.circom)
+include "../../utils/trees/MerkleTreeInclusionProof.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/LeafExists.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/CheckRoot.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/MerkleGeneratePathIndices.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/BinaryMerkleRoot.circom";
 
 /**
  * Proves the correctness of processing a batch of MACI messages.
@@ -32,14 +37,13 @@ template ProcessMessages(
     var STATE_TREE_ARITY = 2;
     var MSG_LENGTH = 10;
     var PACKED_CMD_LENGTH = 4;
-    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 4;
+    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 3;
     var BALLOT_LENGTH = 2;
     var BALLOT_NONCE_IDX = 0;
     var BALLOT_VO_ROOT_IDX = 1;
     var STATE_LEAF_PUB_X_IDX = 0;
     var STATE_LEAF_PUB_Y_IDX = 1;
     var STATE_LEAF_VOICE_CREDIT_BALANCE_IDX = 2;
-    var STATE_LEAF_TIMESTAMP_IDX = 3;
     var msgTreeZeroValue = 8370432830353022751713833565135785980866757267633941821328460903436894336785;
     // Number of options for this poll.
     var maxVoteOptions = VOTE_OPTION_TREE_ARITY ** voteOptionTreeDepth;
@@ -260,7 +264,7 @@ template ProcessMessages(
  */
 template ProcessOne(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     // Constants defining the structure and size of state and ballots.
-    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 4;
+    var STATE_LEAF_LENGTH = 3;
     var BALLOT_LENGTH = 2;
     var MSG_LENGTH = 10;
     var PACKED_CMD_LENGTH = 4;
@@ -276,8 +280,6 @@ template ProcessOne(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     var STATE_LEAF_PUB_Y_IDX = 1;
     // Voice Credit balance.
     var STATE_LEAF_VOICE_CREDIT_BALANCE_IDX = 2;
-    // Timestamp.
-    var STATE_LEAF_TIMESTAMP_IDX = 3;
     var N_BITS = 252;
 
     // Number of users that have completed the sign up.
@@ -356,7 +358,7 @@ template ProcessOne(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     var computedStateLeafPathIndices[stateTreeDepth] = MerkleGeneratePathIndices(stateTreeDepth)(stateIndexMux);
 
     // 3. Verify that the original state leaf exists in the given state root.
-    var stateLeafHash = PoseidonHasher(4)(stateLeaf);
+    var stateLeafHash = PoseidonHasher(3)(stateLeaf);
     var stateLeafQip = BinaryMerkleRoot(stateTreeDepth)(
         stateLeafHash,
         actualStateTreeDepth,
@@ -421,11 +423,10 @@ template ProcessOne(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
     newBallotVoRoot <== newBallotVoRootMux;
 
     // 6. Generate a new state root.
-    var computedNewStateLeafhash = PoseidonHasher(4)([
+    var computedNewStateLeafhash = PoseidonHasher(3)([
         computedNewSlPubKey[STATE_LEAF_PUB_X_IDX],
         computedNewSlPubKey[STATE_LEAF_PUB_Y_IDX],
-        voiceCreditBalanceMux,
-        stateLeaf[STATE_LEAF_TIMESTAMP_IDX]
+        voiceCreditBalanceMux
     ]);
 
     var computedNewStateLeafQip = BinaryMerkleRoot(stateTreeDepth)(
@@ -447,3 +448,4 @@ template ProcessOne(stateTreeDepth, voteOptionTreeDepth) {
 
     newBallotRoot <== computedNewBallotQip;
 }
+

package/circom/coordinator/qv/tallyVotes.circom

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ include "./comparators.circom";
 // zk-kit import
 include "./unpack-element.circom";
 // local imports
-include "../../utils/trees/incrementalMerkleTree.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/CheckRoot.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/MerkleGeneratePathIndices.circom";
+include "../../utils/trees/LeafExists.circom";
 include "../../utils/trees/incrementalQuinaryTree.circom";
 include "../../utils/calculateTotal.circom";
 include "../../utils/hashers.circom";

package/circom/utils/trees/BinaryMerkleRoot.circom

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+pragma circom 2.0.0;
+
+// circomlib import
+include "./mux1.circom";
+include "./comparators.circom";
+// local import
+include "../hashers.circom";
+
+// @note taken from @zk-kit/circuits
+// if used directly in processMessages circom complains about duplicated
+// templates (Ark, Poseidon, etc.)
+// This circuit is designed to calculate the root of a binary Merkle
+// tree given a leaf, its depth, and the necessary sibling
+// information (aka proof of membership).
+// A circuit is designed without the capability to iterate through
+// a dynamic array. To address this, a parameter with the static maximum
+// tree depth is defined (i.e. 'MAX_DEPTH'). And additionally, the circuit
+// receives a dynamic depth as an input, which is utilized in calculating the
+// true root of the Merkle tree. The actual depth of the Merkle tree
+// may be equal to or less than the static maximum depth.
+// NOTE: This circuit will successfully verify `out = 0` for `depth > MAX_DEPTH`.
+// Make sure to enforce `depth <= MAX_DEPTH` outside the circuit.
+template BinaryMerkleRoot(MAX_DEPTH) {
+    signal input leaf, depth, indices[MAX_DEPTH], siblings[MAX_DEPTH][1];
+
+    signal output out;
+
+    signal nodes[MAX_DEPTH + 1];
+    nodes[0] <== leaf;
+
+    signal roots[MAX_DEPTH];
+    var root = 0;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < MAX_DEPTH; i++) {
+        var isDepth = IsEqual()([depth, i]);
+
+        roots[i] <== isDepth * nodes[i];
+
+        root += roots[i];
+
+        var c[2][2] = [
+            [nodes[i], siblings[i][0]],
+            [siblings[i][0], nodes[i]]
+        ];
+        
+        var childNodes[2] = MultiMux1(2)(c, indices[i]);
+
+        nodes[i + 1] <== PoseidonHasher(2)(childNodes);
+    }
+
+    var isDepth = IsEqual()([depth, MAX_DEPTH]);
+
+    out <== root + isDepth * nodes[MAX_DEPTH];
+} 

package/circom/utils/trees/CheckRoot.circom

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+pragma circom 2.0.0;
+
+// local import
+include "../hashers.circom";
+
+/**
+ * Verifies the correct construction of a Merkle tree from a set of leaves.
+ * Given a Merkle root and a list of leaves, check if the root is the
+ * correct result of inserting all the leaves into the tree (in the given order).
+ */
+template CheckRoot(levels) {
+    // The total number of leaves in the Merkle tree, calculated as 2 to the power of `levels`.
+    var totalLeaves = 2 ** levels;
+    // The number of first-level hashers needed, equal to half the total leaves, as each hasher combines two leaves.
+    var numLeafHashers = totalLeaves / 2;
+    // The number of intermediate hashers, one less than the number of leaf hashers, 
+    // as each level of hashing reduces the number of hash elements by about half.
+    var numIntermediateHashers = numLeafHashers - 1;
+    
+    // Array of leaf values input to the circuit.
+    signal input leaves[totalLeaves];
+
+    // Output signal for the Merkle root that results from hashing all the input leaves.
+    signal output root;
+
+    // Total number of hashers used in constructing the tree, one less than the total number of leaves,
+    // since each level of the tree combines two elements into one.
+    var numHashers = totalLeaves - 1;
+    var computedLevelHashers[numHashers];
+
+    // Initialize hashers for the leaves, each taking two adjacent leaves as inputs.
+    for (var i = 0; i < numLeafHashers; i++){
+        computedLevelHashers[i] = PoseidonHasher(2)([leaves[i*2], leaves[i*2+1]]);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize hashers for intermediate levels, each taking the outputs of two hashers from the previous level.
+    var k = 0;
+    for (var i = numLeafHashers; i < numLeafHashers + numIntermediateHashers; i++) {
+        computedLevelHashers[i] = PoseidonHasher(2)([computedLevelHashers[k*2], computedLevelHashers[k*2+1]]);
+        k++;
+    }
+
+    // Connect the output of the final hasher in the array to the root output signal.
+    root <== computedLevelHashers[numHashers-1];
+} 

package/circom/utils/trees/LeafExists.circom

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+pragma circom 2.0.0;
+
+// local import
+include "./MerkleTreeInclusionProof.circom";
+
+/**
+ * Ensures that a leaf exists within a Merkle tree with a given root.
+ */
+template LeafExists(levels){
+  // The leaf whose existence within the tree is being verified.
+  signal input leaf;
+
+  // The elements along the path needed for the inclusion proof.
+  signal input path_elements[levels][1];
+  // The indices indicating the path taken through the tree for the leaf.
+  signal input path_index[levels];
+  // The root of the Merkle tree, against which the inclusion is verified.
+  signal input root;
+
+  var computedMerkleRoot = MerkleTreeInclusionProof(levels)(
+    leaf,
+    path_index,
+    path_elements
+  );
+
+  root === computedMerkleRoot;
+}

package/circom/utils/trees/MerkleGeneratePathIndices.circom

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+pragma circom 2.0.0;
+
+// zk-kit imports
+include "./safe-comparators.circom";
+// local import
+include "../calculateTotal.circom";
+
+/**
+ * Calculates the path indices required for Merkle proof verifications. 
+ * Given a node index within an IMT and the total tree levels, it outputs the path indices leading to that node.
+ * The template handles the modulo and division operations to break down the tree index into its constituent path indices.
+ */
+template MerkleGeneratePathIndices(levels) {
+    var BASE = 2;
+
+    signal input in; 
+    signal output out[levels];
+
+    var m = in;
+    var computedResults[levels];
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < levels; i++) {
+        // circom's best practices suggests to avoid using <-- unless you
+        // are aware of what's going on. This is the only way to do modulo operation.
+        out[i] <-- m % BASE;
+        m = m \ BASE;
+
+        // Check that each output element is less than the base.
+        var computedIsOutputElementLessThanBase = SafeLessThan(3)([out[i], BASE]);
+        computedIsOutputElementLessThanBase === 1;
+
+        // Re-compute the total sum.
+        computedResults[i] = out[i] * (BASE ** i);
+    }
+    
+    // Check that the total sum matches the index.
+    var computedCalculateTotal = CalculateTotal(levels)(computedResults);
+
+    computedCalculateTotal === in;
+} 

package/circom/utils/trees/MerkleTreeInclusionProof.circom

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+pragma circom 2.0.0;
+
+// circomlib import
+include "./mux1.circom";
+// local import
+include "../hashers.circom";
+
+/**
+ * Recomputes a Merkle root from a given leaf and its path in a Merkle tree.
+ */
+template MerkleTreeInclusionProof(n_levels) {
+    // The leaf node from which the Merkle root is calculated.
+    signal input leaf;
+    // Indices indicating left or right child for each level of the tree.
+    signal input path_index[n_levels];
+    // Sibling node values required to compute the hash at each level.
+    signal input path_elements[n_levels][1];
+
+    signal output root;
+
+     // Stores the hash at each level starting from the leaf to the root.
+    signal levelHashes[n_levels + 1];
+    // Initialize the first level with the given leaf.
+    levelHashes[0] <== leaf;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < n_levels; i++) {
+        // Validate path_index to be either 0 or 1, ensuring no other values.
+        path_index[i] * (1 - path_index[i]) === 0;
+
+        // Configure the multiplexer based on the path index for the current level.
+        var c[2][2] = [
+            [levelHashes[i], path_elements[i][0]],
+            [path_elements[i][0], levelHashes[i]]
+        ];
+
+        var mux[2] = MultiMux1(2)(
+            c,
+            path_index[i]
+        );
+
+        var computedLevelHash = PoseidonHasher(2)([mux[0], mux[1]]);
+
+        // Store the resulting hash as the next level's hash.
+        levelHashes[i + 1] <== computedLevelHash;
+    }
+
+    // Set the final level hash as the root.
+    root <== levelHashes[n_levels];
+} 

package/circom/voter/poll.circom

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pragma circom 2.0.0;
 // local imports
 include "../utils/hashers.circom";
 include "../utils/privToPubKey.circom";
-include "../utils/trees/incrementalMerkleTree.circom";
+include "../utils/trees/BinaryMerkleRoot.circom";
 
 // Poll Joining Circuit
 // Allows a user to prove knowledge of a private key that is signed up to 
@@ -65,8 +65,6 @@ template PollJoined(stateTreeDepth) {
     signal input privKey;
     // User's voice credits balance
     signal input voiceCreditsBalance;
-    // Poll's joined timestamp
-    signal input joinTimestamp;
     // Path elements
     signal input pathElements[stateTreeDepth][STATE_TREE_ARITY - 1];
     // Path indices
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ template PollJoined(stateTreeDepth) {
      // User private to public key
     var derivedPubKey[2] = PrivToPubKey()(privKey);
 
-    var stateLeaf = PoseidonHasher(4)([derivedPubKey[0], derivedPubKey[1], voiceCreditsBalance, joinTimestamp]);
+    var stateLeaf = PoseidonHasher(3)([derivedPubKey[0], derivedPubKey[1], voiceCreditsBalance]);
 
     // Inclusion proof  
     var stateLeafQip = BinaryMerkleRoot(stateTreeDepth)(
@@ -91,3 +89,4 @@ template PollJoined(stateTreeDepth) {
 
     stateLeafQip === stateRoot;
 }
+

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@maci-protocol/circuits",
-  "version": "0.0.0-ci.c74cc8b",
+  "version": "0.0.0-ci.cf26211",
   "private": false,
   "description": "zk-SNARK circuits for MACI",
   "main": "build/ts/index.js",
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@
     "test:pollJoined": "pnpm run mocha-test ts/__tests__/PollJoined.test.ts"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@maci-protocol/core": "0.0.0-ci.c74cc8b",
-    "@maci-protocol/crypto": "0.0.0-ci.c74cc8b",
-    "@maci-protocol/domainobjs": "0.0.0-ci.c74cc8b",
-    "@maci-protocol/sdk": "0.0.0-ci.c74cc8b",
+    "@maci-protocol/core": "0.0.0-ci.cf26211",
+    "@maci-protocol/crypto": "0.0.0-ci.cf26211",
+    "@maci-protocol/domainobjs": "0.0.0-ci.cf26211",
+    "@maci-protocol/sdk": "0.0.0-ci.cf26211",
     "@zk-kit/circuits": "^0.4.0",
     "circomkit": "^0.3.2",
     "circomlib": "^2.0.5"
@@ -67,5 +67,5 @@
     "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
     "typescript": "^5.8.3"
   },
-  "gitHead": "2d51d0abd8e4597a741d67637e1b3f62aa7037c8"
+  "gitHead": "cd4acb041dcbcc1245e699ff63dfdb585c723dee"
 }

package/circom/utils/trees/incrementalMerkleTree.circom

@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-pragma circom 2.0.0;
-
-// zk-kit imports
-include "./safe-comparators.circom";
-// circomlib import
-include "./mux1.circom";
-include "./comparators.circom";
-// local import
-include "../hashers.circom";
-include "../calculateTotal.circom";
-
-/**
- * Recomputes a Merkle root from a given leaf and its path in a Merkle tree.
- */
-template MerkleTreeInclusionProof(n_levels) {
-    // The leaf node from which the Merkle root is calculated.
-    signal input leaf;
-    // Indices indicating left or right child for each level of the tree.
-    signal input path_index[n_levels];
-    // Sibling node values required to compute the hash at each level.
-    signal input path_elements[n_levels][1];
-
-    signal output root;
-
-     // Stores the hash at each level starting from the leaf to the root.
-    signal levelHashes[n_levels + 1];
-    // Initialize the first level with the given leaf.
-    levelHashes[0] <== leaf;
-
-    for (var i = 0; i < n_levels; i++) {
-        // Validate path_index to be either 0 or 1, ensuring no other values.
-        path_index[i] * (1 - path_index[i]) === 0;
-
-        // Configure the multiplexer based on the path index for the current level.
-        var c[2][2] = [
-            [levelHashes[i], path_elements[i][0]],
-            [path_elements[i][0], levelHashes[i]]
-        ];
-
-        var mux[2] = MultiMux1(2)(
-            c,
-            path_index[i]
-        );
-
-        var computedLevelHash = PoseidonHasher(2)([mux[0], mux[1]]);
-
-        // Store the resulting hash as the next level's hash.
-        levelHashes[i + 1] <== computedLevelHash;
-    }
-
-    // Set the final level hash as the root.
-    root <== levelHashes[n_levels];
-}
-
-/**
- * Ensures that a leaf exists within a Merkle tree with a given root.
- */
-template LeafExists(levels){
-  // The leaf whose existence within the tree is being verified.
-  signal input leaf;
-
-  // The elements along the path needed for the inclusion proof.
-  signal input path_elements[levels][1];
-  // The indices indicating the path taken through the tree for the leaf.
-  signal input path_index[levels];
-  // The root of the Merkle tree, against which the inclusion is verified.
-  signal input root;
-
-  var computedMerkleRoot = MerkleTreeInclusionProof(levels)(
-    leaf,
-    path_index,
-    path_elements
-  );
-
-  root === computedMerkleRoot;
-}
-
-/**
- * Verifies the correct construction of a Merkle tree from a set of leaves.
- * Given a Merkle root and a list of leaves, check if the root is the
- * correct result of inserting all the leaves into the tree (in the given order).
- */
-template CheckRoot(levels) {
-    // The total number of leaves in the Merkle tree, calculated as 2 to the power of `levels`.
-    var totalLeaves = 2 ** levels;
-    // The number of first-level hashers needed, equal to half the total leaves, as each hasher combines two leaves.
-    var numLeafHashers = totalLeaves / 2;
-    // The number of intermediate hashers, one less than the number of leaf hashers, 
-    // as each level of hashing reduces the number of hash elements by about half.
-    var numIntermediateHashers = numLeafHashers - 1;
-    
-    // Array of leaf values input to the circuit.
-    signal input leaves[totalLeaves];
-
-    // Output signal for the Merkle root that results from hashing all the input leaves.
-    signal output root;
-
-    // Total number of hashers used in constructing the tree, one less than the total number of leaves,
-    // since each level of the tree combines two elements into one.
-    var numHashers = totalLeaves - 1;
-    var computedLevelHashers[numHashers];
-
-    // Initialize hashers for the leaves, each taking two adjacent leaves as inputs.
-    for (var i = 0; i < numLeafHashers; i++){
-        computedLevelHashers[i] = PoseidonHasher(2)([leaves[i*2], leaves[i*2+1]]);
-    }
-
-    // Initialize hashers for intermediate levels, each taking the outputs of two hashers from the previous level.
-    var k = 0;
-    for (var i = numLeafHashers; i < numLeafHashers + numIntermediateHashers; i++) {
-        computedLevelHashers[i] = PoseidonHasher(2)([computedLevelHashers[k*2], computedLevelHashers[k*2+1]]);
-        k++;
-    }
-
-    // Connect the output of the final hasher in the array to the root output signal.
-    root <== computedLevelHashers[numHashers-1];
-}
-
-/**
- * Calculates the path indices required for Merkle proof verifications. 
- * Given a node index within an IMT and the total tree levels, it outputs the path indices leading to that node.
- * The template handles the modulo and division operations to break down the tree index into its constituent path indices.
- */
-template MerkleGeneratePathIndices(levels) {
-    var BASE = 2;
-
-    signal input in; 
-    signal output out[levels];
-
-    var m = in;
-    var computedResults[levels];
-
-    for (var i = 0; i < levels; i++) {
-        // circom's best practices suggests to avoid using <-- unless you
-        // are aware of what's going on. This is the only way to do modulo operation.
-        out[i] <-- m % BASE;
-        m = m \ BASE;
-
-        // Check that each output element is less than the base.
-        var computedIsOutputElementLessThanBase = SafeLessThan(3)([out[i], BASE]);
-        computedIsOutputElementLessThanBase === 1;
-
-        // Re-compute the total sum.
-        computedResults[i] = out[i] * (BASE ** i);
-    }
-    
-    // Check that the total sum matches the index.
-    var computedCalculateTotal = CalculateTotal(levels)(computedResults);
-
-    computedCalculateTotal === in;
-}
-
-// @note taken from @zk-kit/circuits
-// if used directly in processMessages circom complains about duplicated
-// templates (Ark, Poseidon, etc.)
-// This circuit is designed to calculate the root of a binary Merkle
-// tree given a leaf, its depth, and the necessary sibling
-// information (aka proof of membership).
-// A circuit is designed without the capability to iterate through
-// a dynamic array. To address this, a parameter with the static maximum
-// tree depth is defined (i.e. 'MAX_DEPTH'). And additionally, the circuit
-// receives a dynamic depth as an input, which is utilized in calculating the
-// true root of the Merkle tree. The actual depth of the Merkle tree
-// may be equal to or less than the static maximum depth.
-// NOTE: This circuit will successfully verify `out = 0` for `depth > MAX_DEPTH`.
-// Make sure to enforce `depth <= MAX_DEPTH` outside the circuit.
-template BinaryMerkleRoot(MAX_DEPTH) {
-    signal input leaf, depth, indices[MAX_DEPTH], siblings[MAX_DEPTH][1];
-
-    signal output out;
-
-    signal nodes[MAX_DEPTH + 1];
-    nodes[0] <== leaf;
-
-    signal roots[MAX_DEPTH];
-    var root = 0;
-
-    for (var i = 0; i < MAX_DEPTH; i++) {
-        var isDepth = IsEqual()([depth, i]);
-
-        roots[i] <== isDepth * nodes[i];
-
-        root += roots[i];
-
-        var c[2][2] = [
-            [nodes[i], siblings[i][0]],
-            [siblings[i][0], nodes[i]]
-        ];
-        
-        var childNodes[2] = MultiMux1(2)(c, indices[i]);
-
-        nodes[i + 1] <== PoseidonHasher(2)(childNodes);
-    }
-
-    var isDepth = IsEqual()([depth, MAX_DEPTH]);
-
-    out <== root + isDepth * nodes[MAX_DEPTH];
-}