@lokascript/semantic 1.0.0

package/src/tokenizers/morphology/portuguese-normalizer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+/**
+ * Portuguese Morphological Normalizer
+ *
+ * Reduces Portuguese verb conjugations to their infinitive forms.
+ * Portuguese has three verb conjugation classes (-ar, -er, -ir) and
+ * supports reflexive verbs (verbs with -se suffix).
+ *
+ * Key features:
+ * - Reflexive verb handling: mostrar-se → mostrar, esconder-se → esconder
+ * - Regular conjugation patterns for -ar, -er, -ir verbs
+ * - Handles common irregular verbs
+ * - Brazilian Portuguese variants
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   mostrar-se → mostrar (reflexive infinitive)
+ *   alternando → alternar (gerund)
+ *   escondido → esconder (past participle)
+ *   mostra → mostrar (3rd person present)
+ *   clicou → clicar (3rd person preterite)
+ */
+
+import type { MorphologicalNormalizer, NormalizationResult, ConjugationType } from './types';
+import { noChange, normalized } from './types';
+
+/**
+ * Check if a character is a Portuguese-specific letter (accented characters and ç).
+ */
+function isPortugueseSpecificLetter(char: string): boolean {
+  return /[áàâãéêíóôõúüçÁÀÂÃÉÊÍÓÔÕÚÜÇ]/.test(char);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a word looks like a Portuguese verb.
+ * Portuguese verbs end in -ar, -er, or -ir, or have Portuguese-specific characters.
+ */
+function looksLikePortugueseVerb(word: string): boolean {
+  const lower = word.toLowerCase();
+  // Check for infinitive endings
+  if (lower.endsWith('ar') || lower.endsWith('er') || lower.endsWith('ir')) return true;
+  // Check for common conjugation endings
+  if (lower.endsWith('ando') || lower.endsWith('endo') || lower.endsWith('indo')) return true;
+  if (lower.endsWith('ado') || lower.endsWith('ido')) return true;
+  // Check for reflexive -se ending
+  if (lower.endsWith('ar-se') || lower.endsWith('er-se') || lower.endsWith('ir-se')) return true;
+  // Check for Portuguese-specific characters
+  for (const char of word) {
+    if (isPortugueseSpecificLetter(char)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reflexive pronoun patterns that can be attached to verbs.
+ * Portuguese uses hyphenated reflexive pronouns: mostrar-se, esconder-me
+ */
+const REFLEXIVE_SUFFIXES = ['-se', '-me', '-te', '-nos', '-vos'];
+
+/**
+ * -AR verb conjugation endings mapped to infinitive reconstruction.
+ */
+const AR_ENDINGS: readonly {
+  ending: string;
+  stem: string;
+  confidence: number;
+  type: ConjugationType;
+}[] = [
+  // Gerund (-ando)
+  { ending: 'ando', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'gerund' },
+  // Past participle (-ado)
+  { ending: 'ado', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ada', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ados', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'adas', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  // Present indicative
+  { ending: 'o', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.75, type: 'present' }, // eu
+  { ending: 'as', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'present' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'a', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.75, type: 'present' }, // ele/ela/você
+  { ending: 'amos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'ais', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'am', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.8, type: 'present' }, // eles/elas/vocês
+  // Preterite (past)
+  { ending: 'ei', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // eu
+  { ending: 'aste', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'ou', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ele/ela/você
+  { ending: 'ámos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // nós (with accent)
+  { ending: 'amos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nós (Brazilian)
+  { ending: 'astes', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'aram', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // eles/elas/vocês
+  // Imperfect
+  { ending: 'ava', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // eu/ele
+  { ending: 'avas', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'ávamos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'avamos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nós (no accent)
+  { ending: 'áveis', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'aveis', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // vós (no accent)
+  { ending: 'avam', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // eles
+  // Subjunctive
+  { ending: 'e', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.72, type: 'subjunctive' }, // eu/ele (ambiguous)
+  { ending: 'es', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.78, type: 'subjunctive' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'emos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'subjunctive' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'eis', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'subjunctive' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'em', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.78, type: 'subjunctive' }, // eles
+  // Imperative
+  { ending: 'a', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.75, type: 'imperative' }, // tu/você
+  { ending: 'ai', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'imperative' }, // vós
+  // Infinitive
+  { ending: 'ar', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.92, type: 'dictionary' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * -ER verb conjugation endings.
+ */
+const ER_ENDINGS: readonly {
+  ending: string;
+  stem: string;
+  confidence: number;
+  type: ConjugationType;
+}[] = [
+  // Gerund (-endo)
+  { ending: 'endo', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'gerund' },
+  // Past participle (-ido)
+  { ending: 'ido', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ida', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idas', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  // Present indicative
+  { ending: 'o', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // eu
+  { ending: 'es', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'e', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // ele
+  { ending: 'emos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'eis', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.82, type: 'present' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'em', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // eles
+  // Preterite
+  { ending: 'i', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // eu
+  { ending: 'este', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'eu', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ele
+  { ending: 'emos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'estes', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'eram', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // eles
+  // Imperfect
+  { ending: 'ia', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // eu/ele
+  { ending: 'ias', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'íamos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'iamos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nós (no accent)
+  { ending: 'íeis', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'ieis', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // vós (no accent)
+  { ending: 'iam', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // eles
+  // Infinitive
+  { ending: 'er', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.92, type: 'dictionary' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * -IR verb conjugation endings.
+ */
+const IR_ENDINGS: readonly {
+  ending: string;
+  stem: string;
+  confidence: number;
+  type: ConjugationType;
+}[] = [
+  // Gerund (-indo)
+  { ending: 'indo', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'gerund' },
+  // Past participle (-ido)
+  { ending: 'ido', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ida', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idas', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  // Present indicative
+  { ending: 'o', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // eu
+  { ending: 'es', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'e', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // ele
+  { ending: 'imos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'is', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.82, type: 'present' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'em', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // eles
+  // Preterite (same as -er)
+  { ending: 'i', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // eu
+  { ending: 'iste', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tu
+  { ending: 'iu', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ele
+  { ending: 'imos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nós
+  { ending: 'istes', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vós
+  { ending: 'iram', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // eles
+  // Imperfect (same as -er)
+  { ending: 'ia', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'ias', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'íamos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'iamos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'íeis', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'ieis', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'iam', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  // Infinitive
+  { ending: 'ir', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.92, type: 'dictionary' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * All endings combined, sorted by length (longest first).
+ */
+const ALL_ENDINGS = [...AR_ENDINGS, ...ER_ENDINGS, ...IR_ENDINGS].sort(
+  (a, b) => b.ending.length - a.ending.length
+);
+
+/**
+ * Portuguese morphological normalizer.
+ */
+export class PortugueseMorphologicalNormalizer implements MorphologicalNormalizer {
+  readonly language = 'pt';
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a word might be a Portuguese verb that can be normalized.
+   */
+  isNormalizable(word: string): boolean {
+    if (word.length < 3) return false;
+    return looksLikePortugueseVerb(word);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Normalize a Portuguese word to its infinitive form.
+   */
+  normalize(word: string): NormalizationResult {
+    const lower = word.toLowerCase();
+
+    // Check if this is already an infinitive (no change needed)
+    if (lower.endsWith('ar') || lower.endsWith('er') || lower.endsWith('ir')) {
+      // If it's a simple infinitive, return as-is with 1.0 confidence
+      // (unless it's a reflexive like "mostrar-se")
+      if (!REFLEXIVE_SUFFIXES.some(s => lower.endsWith(s))) {
+        return noChange(word);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Try reflexive verb normalization first (highest priority)
+    const reflexiveResult = this.tryReflexiveNormalization(lower);
+    if (reflexiveResult) return reflexiveResult;
+
+    // Try standard conjugation normalization
+    const conjugationResult = this.tryConjugationNormalization(lower);
+    if (conjugationResult) return conjugationResult;
+
+    // No normalization needed
+    return noChange(word);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try to normalize a reflexive verb.
+   * Portuguese reflexive verbs use hyphenated pronouns: mostrar-se, esconder-me
+   *
+   * Examples:
+   *   mostrar-se → mostrar
+   *   esconder-se → esconder
+   *   exibir-se → exibir
+   */
+  private tryReflexiveNormalization(word: string): NormalizationResult | null {
+    for (const suffix of REFLEXIVE_SUFFIXES) {
+      if (word.endsWith(suffix)) {
+        const withoutReflexive = word.slice(0, -suffix.length);
+
+        // Check if this looks like an infinitive
+        if (
+          withoutReflexive.endsWith('ar') ||
+          withoutReflexive.endsWith('er') ||
+          withoutReflexive.endsWith('ir')
+        ) {
+          // It's a reflexive infinitive (e.g., mostrar-se → mostrar)
+          return normalized(withoutReflexive, 0.88, {
+            removedSuffixes: [suffix],
+            conjugationType: 'reflexive',
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Try to normalize the remaining part as a conjugated verb
+        const innerResult = this.tryConjugationNormalization(withoutReflexive);
+        if (innerResult && innerResult.stem !== withoutReflexive) {
+          // It's a reflexive conjugated form
+          return normalized(innerResult.stem, innerResult.confidence * 0.95, {
+            removedSuffixes: [suffix, ...(innerResult.metadata?.removedSuffixes || [])],
+            conjugationType: 'reflexive',
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try to normalize a conjugated verb to its infinitive.
+   */
+  private tryConjugationNormalization(word: string): NormalizationResult | null {
+    for (const rule of ALL_ENDINGS) {
+      if (word.endsWith(rule.ending)) {
+        const stemBase = word.slice(0, -rule.ending.length);
+
+        // Must have a meaningful stem (at least 2 characters)
+        if (stemBase.length < 2) continue;
+
+        // Reconstruct infinitive
+        const infinitive = stemBase + rule.stem;
+
+        return normalized(infinitive, rule.confidence, {
+          removedSuffixes: [rule.ending],
+          conjugationType: rule.type,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// Export singleton instance
+export const portugueseMorphologicalNormalizer = new PortugueseMorphologicalNormalizer();

package/src/tokenizers/morphology/spanish-normalizer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/**
+ * Spanish Morphological Normalizer
+ *
+ * Reduces Spanish verb conjugations to their infinitive forms.
+ * Spanish has three verb conjugation classes (-ar, -er, -ir) and
+ * supports reflexive verbs (verbs with -se suffix).
+ *
+ * Key features:
+ * - Reflexive verb handling: mostrarse → mostrar, ocultarse → ocultar
+ * - Regular conjugation patterns for -ar, -er, -ir verbs
+ * - Handles common irregular verbs
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   mostrarse → mostrar (reflexive infinitive)
+ *   alternando → alternar (gerund)
+ *   escondido → esconder (past participle)
+ *   muestra → mostrar (3rd person present)
+ */
+
+import type { MorphologicalNormalizer, NormalizationResult, ConjugationType } from './types';
+import { noChange, normalized } from './types';
+
+/**
+ * Check if a character is a Spanish-specific letter (accented characters and ñ).
+ */
+function isSpanishSpecificLetter(char: string): boolean {
+  return /[áéíóúüñÁÉÍÓÚÜÑ]/.test(char);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a word looks like a Spanish verb.
+ * Spanish verbs end in -ar, -er, or -ir, or have Spanish-specific characters.
+ */
+function looksLikeSpanishVerb(word: string): boolean {
+  const lower = word.toLowerCase();
+  // Check for infinitive endings
+  if (lower.endsWith('ar') || lower.endsWith('er') || lower.endsWith('ir')) return true;
+  // Check for common conjugation endings
+  if (lower.endsWith('ando') || lower.endsWith('iendo')) return true;
+  if (lower.endsWith('ado') || lower.endsWith('ido')) return true;
+  // Check for reflexive -se ending
+  if (lower.endsWith('arse') || lower.endsWith('erse') || lower.endsWith('irse')) return true;
+  // Check for Spanish-specific characters
+  for (const char of word) {
+    if (isSpanishSpecificLetter(char)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reflexive pronoun patterns that can be attached to verbs.
+ */
+const REFLEXIVE_SUFFIXES = ['se', 'me', 'te', 'nos', 'os'];
+
+/**
+ * Reflexive pronouns that appear before conjugated verbs.
+ * Note: These are handled at the tokenizer level, not here.
+ */
+// const REFLEXIVE_PREFIXES = ['me', 'te', 'se', 'nos', 'os'];
+
+/**
+ * -AR verb conjugation endings mapped to infinitive reconstruction.
+ */
+const AR_ENDINGS: readonly {
+  ending: string;
+  stem: string;
+  confidence: number;
+  type: ConjugationType;
+}[] = [
+  // Gerund (-ando)
+  { ending: 'ando', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'gerund' },
+  // Past participle (-ado)
+  { ending: 'ado', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ada', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ados', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'adas', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'participle' },
+  // Present indicative
+  { ending: 'o', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.75, type: 'present' }, // yo
+  { ending: 'as', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'present' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'a', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.75, type: 'present' }, // él/ella
+  { ending: 'amos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'áis', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'ais', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'present' }, // vosotros (no accent)
+  { ending: 'an', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.8, type: 'present' }, // ellos
+  // Preterite
+  { ending: 'é', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // yo
+  { ending: 'aste', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'ó', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'past' }, // él/ella
+  { ending: 'amos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nosotros (same as present)
+  { ending: 'asteis', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'aron', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ellos
+  // Imperfect
+  { ending: 'aba', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // yo/él
+  { ending: 'abas', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'ábamos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'abamos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nosotros (no accent)
+  { ending: 'abais', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'aban', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ellos
+  // Subjunctive
+  { ending: 'e', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.72, type: 'subjunctive' }, // yo/él (ambiguous)
+  { ending: 'es', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.78, type: 'subjunctive' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'emos', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'subjunctive' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'éis', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'subjunctive' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'eis', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.82, type: 'subjunctive' }, // vosotros (no accent)
+  { ending: 'en', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.78, type: 'subjunctive' }, // ellos
+  // Imperative
+  { ending: 'a', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.75, type: 'imperative' }, // tú (same as 3rd present)
+  { ending: 'ad', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.85, type: 'imperative' }, // vosotros
+  // Infinitive
+  { ending: 'ar', stem: 'ar', confidence: 0.92, type: 'dictionary' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * -ER verb conjugation endings.
+ */
+const ER_ENDINGS: readonly {
+  ending: string;
+  stem: string;
+  confidence: number;
+  type: ConjugationType;
+}[] = [
+  // Gerund (-iendo)
+  { ending: 'iendo', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'gerund' },
+  // Past participle (-ido)
+  { ending: 'ido', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ida', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idas', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  // Present indicative
+  { ending: 'o', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // yo
+  { ending: 'es', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'e', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // él/ella
+  { ending: 'emos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'éis', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'eis', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.82, type: 'present' }, // vosotros (no accent)
+  { ending: 'en', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // ellos
+  // Preterite
+  { ending: 'í', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // yo
+  { ending: 'iste', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'ió', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // él/ella
+  { ending: 'io', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.82, type: 'past' }, // él/ella (no accent)
+  { ending: 'imos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'isteis', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'ieron', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ellos
+  // Imperfect
+  { ending: 'ía', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // yo/él
+  { ending: 'ia', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // yo/él (no accent)
+  { ending: 'ías', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'ias', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // tú (no accent)
+  { ending: 'íamos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'iamos', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nosotros (no accent)
+  { ending: 'íais', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'iais', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // vosotros (no accent)
+  { ending: 'ían', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ellos
+  { ending: 'ian', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // ellos (no accent)
+  // Infinitive
+  { ending: 'er', stem: 'er', confidence: 0.92, type: 'dictionary' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * -IR verb conjugation endings.
+ */
+const IR_ENDINGS: readonly {
+  ending: string;
+  stem: string;
+  confidence: number;
+  type: ConjugationType;
+}[] = [
+  // Gerund (-iendo)
+  { ending: 'iendo', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'gerund' },
+  // Past participle (-ido)
+  { ending: 'ido', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'ida', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  { ending: 'idas', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'participle' },
+  // Present indicative
+  { ending: 'o', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // yo
+  { ending: 'es', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'e', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.72, type: 'present' }, // él/ella
+  { ending: 'imos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'ís', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'present' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'is', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.82, type: 'present' }, // vosotros (no accent)
+  { ending: 'en', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.78, type: 'present' }, // ellos
+  // Preterite (same as -er)
+  { ending: 'í', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // yo
+  { ending: 'iste', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // tú
+  { ending: 'ió', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // él/ella
+  { ending: 'io', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.82, type: 'past' }, // él/ella (no accent)
+  { ending: 'imos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' }, // nosotros
+  { ending: 'isteis', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // vosotros
+  { ending: 'ieron', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' }, // ellos
+  // Imperfect (same as -er)
+  { ending: 'ía', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'ia', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'ías', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'ias', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'íamos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'iamos', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'íais', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'iais', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'ían', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.88, type: 'past' },
+  { ending: 'ian', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.85, type: 'past' },
+  // Infinitive
+  { ending: 'ir', stem: 'ir', confidence: 0.92, type: 'dictionary' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * All endings combined, sorted by length (longest first).
+ */
+const ALL_ENDINGS = [...AR_ENDINGS, ...ER_ENDINGS, ...IR_ENDINGS].sort(
+  (a, b) => b.ending.length - a.ending.length
+);
+
+/**
+ * Spanish morphological normalizer.
+ */
+export class SpanishMorphologicalNormalizer implements MorphologicalNormalizer {
+  readonly language = 'es';
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a word might be a Spanish verb that can be normalized.
+   */
+  isNormalizable(word: string): boolean {
+    if (word.length < 3) return false;
+    return looksLikeSpanishVerb(word);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Normalize a Spanish word to its infinitive form.
+   */
+  normalize(word: string): NormalizationResult {
+    const lower = word.toLowerCase();
+
+    // Check if this is already an infinitive (no change needed)
+    if (lower.endsWith('ar') || lower.endsWith('er') || lower.endsWith('ir')) {
+      // If it's a simple infinitive, return as-is with 1.0 confidence
+      // (unless it's a reflexive like "mostrarse")
+      if (
+        !REFLEXIVE_SUFFIXES.some(
+          s => lower.endsWith(s + 'ar') || lower.endsWith(s + 'er') || lower.endsWith(s + 'ir')
+        )
+      ) {
+        return noChange(word);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Try reflexive verb normalization first (highest priority)
+    const reflexiveResult = this.tryReflexiveNormalization(lower);
+    if (reflexiveResult) return reflexiveResult;
+
+    // Try standard conjugation normalization
+    const conjugationResult = this.tryConjugationNormalization(lower);
+    if (conjugationResult) return conjugationResult;
+
+    // No normalization needed
+    return noChange(word);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try to normalize a reflexive verb.
+   * Reflexive verbs end with -se, -me, -te, -nos, -os attached to infinitive.
+   *
+   * Examples:
+   *   mostrarse → mostrar
+   *   ocultarse → ocultar
+   *   esconderse → esconder
+   */
+  private tryReflexiveNormalization(word: string): NormalizationResult | null {
+    for (const suffix of REFLEXIVE_SUFFIXES) {
+      if (word.endsWith(suffix)) {
+        const withoutReflexive = word.slice(0, -suffix.length);
+
+        // Check if this looks like an infinitive
+        if (
+          withoutReflexive.endsWith('ar') ||
+          withoutReflexive.endsWith('er') ||
+          withoutReflexive.endsWith('ir')
+        ) {
+          // It's a reflexive infinitive (e.g., mostrarse → mostrar)
+          return normalized(withoutReflexive, 0.88, {
+            removedSuffixes: [suffix],
+            conjugationType: 'reflexive',
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Try to normalize the remaining part as a conjugated verb
+        const innerResult = this.tryConjugationNormalization(withoutReflexive);
+        if (innerResult && innerResult.stem !== withoutReflexive) {
+          // It's a reflexive conjugated form (e.g., muestrase → mostrar)
+          return normalized(innerResult.stem, innerResult.confidence * 0.95, {
+            removedSuffixes: [suffix, ...(innerResult.metadata?.removedSuffixes || [])],
+            conjugationType: 'reflexive',
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try to normalize a conjugated verb to its infinitive.
+   */
+  private tryConjugationNormalization(word: string): NormalizationResult | null {
+    for (const rule of ALL_ENDINGS) {
+      if (word.endsWith(rule.ending)) {
+        const stemBase = word.slice(0, -rule.ending.length);
+
+        // Must have a meaningful stem (at least 2 characters)
+        if (stemBase.length < 2) continue;
+
+        // Reconstruct infinitive
+        const infinitive = stemBase + rule.stem;
+
+        return normalized(infinitive, rule.confidence, {
+          removedSuffixes: [rule.ending],
+          conjugationType: rule.type,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// Export singleton instance
+export const spanishMorphologicalNormalizer = new SpanishMorphologicalNormalizer();