@lodestar/beacon-node 1.51.0-dev.9cb14e3381 → 1.51.0-dev.9f52a9d2ab

package/src/chain/bls/interface.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ export type VerifySignatureOpts = {
   verifyOnMainThread?: boolean;
   /**
    * Some signature sets are more important than others, and should be verified first.
+   * Non-batchable priority jobs are posted to an idle worker before this call returns, so the caller
+   * can run synchronous work right after without delaying the verification.
    */
   priority?: boolean;
 };

package/src/chain/bls/multithread/index.ts

@@ -333,16 +333,20 @@ export class BlsMultiThreadWorkerPool implements IBlsVerifier {
       }
     }
 
+    // First hand work to an idle worker before returning to the caller.
+    // Deferring the post to the next macrotask would make the worker
+    // sit idle while waiting for the next synchronous work
+    else if (job.opts.priority) {
+      this.jobs.unshift(job);
+      void this.runJob();
+    }
+
     // Push job and schedule to call `runJob` in the next macro event loop cycle.
     // This is useful to allow batching job submitted from a synchronous for loop,
     // and to prevent large stacks since runJob may be called recursively.
     else {
-      if (job.opts.priority) {
-        this.jobs.unshift(job);
-      } else {
-        this.jobs.push(job);
-      }
-      callInNextEventLoop(this.runJob);
+      this.jobs.push(job);
+      callInNextEventLoop(() => void this.runJob());
     }
   }
 
@@ -377,7 +381,7 @@ export class BlsMultiThreadWorkerPool implements IBlsVerifier {
     let completedJobsCount = 0;
 
     if (this.jobs.length > 0) {
-      callInNextEventLoop(this.runJob);
+      callInNextEventLoop(() => void this.runJob());
     }
 
     try {
@@ -423,7 +427,7 @@ export class BlsMultiThreadWorkerPool implements IBlsVerifier {
       if (workReqs.length === 0) {
         worker.status = {code: WorkerStatusCode.idle, workerApi};
         this.workersBusy--;
-        callInNextEventLoop(this.runJob);
+        callInNextEventLoop(() => void this.runJob());
         return;
       }
 
@@ -499,7 +503,7 @@ export class BlsMultiThreadWorkerPool implements IBlsVerifier {
     this.workersBusy--;
 
     // Potentially run a new job
-    callInNextEventLoop(this.runJob);
+    callInNextEventLoop(() => void this.runJob());
   };
 
   /**
@@ -542,7 +546,7 @@ export class BlsMultiThreadWorkerPool implements IBlsVerifier {
         this.jobs.unshift(job);
       }
       this.bufferedJobs = null;
-      callInNextEventLoop(this.runJob);
+      callInNextEventLoop(() => void this.runJob());
     }
   };
 

package/src/chain/bls/multithread/types.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {type BlsSignatureSet} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/bls-verifier";
+import {type BlsSignatureSet} from "@lodestar/native/bls-verifier";
 import {SameMessageSignatureSet, VerifySignatureOpts} from "../interface.js";
 
 export type WorkerData = {

package/src/chain/bls/multithread/worker.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 import worker from "node:worker_threads";
-import {
-  type BlsSignatureSet,
-  verifySignatureSets,
-  verifySignatureSetsSameMessage,
-} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/bls-verifier";
 import {expose} from "@chainsafe/threads/worker";
+import {type BlsSignatureSet, verifySignatureSets, verifySignatureSetsSameMessage} from "@lodestar/native/bls-verifier";
 import {
   BlsWorkReq,
   BlsWorkResult,

package/src/chain/bls/singleThread.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {verifySignatureSetsSameMessage} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/bls-verifier";
+import {verifySignatureSetsSameMessage} from "@lodestar/native/bls-verifier";
 import {ISignatureSet} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {Metrics} from "../../metrics/index.js";
 import {IBlsVerifier, SameMessageSignatureSet} from "./interface.js";

package/src/chain/bls/utils.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import {
   BLS_VERIFIER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE,
   BLS_VERIFIER_MAX_SAME_MESSAGE_BATCH_SIZE,
   verifySignatureSets,
-} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/bls-verifier";
+} from "@lodestar/native/bls-verifier";
 import {ISignatureSet, SignatureSetType, toBlsSignatureSet} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {SameMessageSignatureSet} from "./interface.js";
 

package/src/chain/chain.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import path from "node:path";
 import {PrivateKey} from "@libp2p/interface";
-import {type PubkeyCache} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/pubkeys";
 import {Type} from "@chainsafe/ssz";
 import {routes} from "@lodestar/api";
 import {BeaconConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   UpdateHeadOpt,
 } from "@lodestar/fork-choice";
 import {LoggerNode} from "@lodestar/logger/node";
+import {type PubkeyCache} from "@lodestar/native/pubkeys";
 import {
   EFFECTIVE_BALANCE_INCREMENT,
   type ForkPostFulu,
@@ -1486,10 +1486,10 @@ export class BeaconChain implements IBeaconChain {
     this.metrics?.forkChoice.requests.inc();
     const timer = this.metrics?.forkChoice.findHead.startTimer({caller: FindHeadFnName.predictProposerHead});
     const slot = this.clock.currentSlot;
-    const secFromSlot = this.clock.secFromSlot(slot);
+    const msFromSlot = this.clock.msFromSlot(slot);
 
     try {
-      return this.forkChoice.updateAndGetHead({mode: UpdateHeadOpt.GetPredictedProposerHead, secFromSlot, slot}).head;
+      return this.forkChoice.updateAndGetHead({mode: UpdateHeadOpt.GetPredictedProposerHead, msFromSlot, slot}).head;
     } catch (e) {
       this.metrics?.forkChoice.errors.inc({entrypoint: UpdateHeadOpt.GetPredictedProposerHead});
       throw e;
@@ -1501,13 +1501,13 @@ export class BeaconChain implements IBeaconChain {
   getProposerHead(slot: Slot): ProtoBlock {
     this.metrics?.forkChoice.requests.inc();
     const timer = this.metrics?.forkChoice.findHead.startTimer({caller: FindHeadFnName.getProposerHead});
-    const secFromSlot = this.clock.secFromSlot(slot);
+    const msFromSlot = this.clock.msFromSlot(slot);
 
     try {
       // Do not emit head event here, when proposing we rely on the one emitted when importing our own block
       const {head, isHeadTimely, notReorgedReason} = this.forkChoice.updateAndGetHead({
         mode: UpdateHeadOpt.GetProposerHead,
-        secFromSlot,
+        msFromSlot,
         slot,
       });
 

package/src/chain/errors/blockError.ts

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export enum BlockErrorCode {
    * whoever served the block MAY be downscored. Mirrors PayloadErrorCode.EXECUTION_ENGINE_INVALID.
    */
   EXECUTION_ENGINE_INVALID = "BLOCK_ERROR_EXECUTION_INVALID",
-  /** The blobs are unavailable */
+  /** The blob or column data did not arrive within the availability wait */
   DATA_UNAVAILABLE = "BLOCK_ERROR_DATA_UNAVAILABLE",
   /** Block contains too many kzg commitments */
   TOO_MANY_KZG_COMMITMENTS = "BLOCK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_KZG_COMMITMENTS",

package/src/chain/interface.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import {type PubkeyCache} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/pubkeys";
 import {Type} from "@chainsafe/ssz";
 import {BeaconConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
 import {CheckpointWithHex, IForkChoice, ProtoBlock} from "@lodestar/fork-choice";
+import {type PubkeyCache} from "@lodestar/native/pubkeys";
 import {EpochShuffling, IBeaconStateView} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {
   BeaconBlock,
@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ import {PayloadEnvelopeInput, SeenPayloadEnvelopeInput} from "./seenCache/seenPa
 import {ShufflingCache} from "./shufflingCache.js";
 import {ValidatorMonitor} from "./validatorMonitor.js";
 
-export {BlockType, type AssembledBlockType};
-export {type ProposerPreparationData};
+export {type AssembledBlockType, BlockType, type ProposerPreparationData};
 export type BlockHash = RootHex;
 
 export type StateGetOpts = {

package/src/chain/opPools/aggregatedAttestationPool.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/blst";
 import {BitArray} from "@chainsafe/ssz";
 import {BeaconConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
 import {IForkChoice} from "@lodestar/fork-choice";
+import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@lodestar/native/blst";
 import {
   ForkName,
   ForkSeq,
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
 } from "@lodestar/params";
 import {
   EffectiveBalanceIncrements,
+  G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY,
   IBeaconStateView,
   RootCache,
   computeEpochAtSlot,
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ import {
   isStatePostGloas,
 } from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {Attestation, Epoch, RootHex, Slot, electra, isElectraAttestation, phase0, ssz} from "@lodestar/types";
-import {Logger, MapDef, assert, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
+import {Logger, MapDef, assert, byteArrayEquals, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
 import {Metrics} from "../../metrics/metrics.js";
 import {IntersectResult, intersectUint8Arrays} from "../../util/bitArray.js";
 import {getShufflingDependentRoot} from "../../util/dependentRoot.js";
@@ -409,20 +410,34 @@ export class AggregatedAttestationPool {
 
     const sortedConsolidationsByScore = Array.from(consolidations.entries())
       .sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1])
-      .map(([consolidation, _]) => consolidation)
-      .slice(0, MAX_ATTESTATIONS_ELECTRA);
+      .map(([consolidation, _]) => consolidation);
 
     // on chain aggregation is expensive, only do it after all
     const packedAttestationsMetrics = this.metrics?.opPool.aggregatedAttestationPool.packedAttestations;
-    const packedAttestations: electra.Attestation[] = new Array(sortedConsolidationsByScore.length);
-    for (const [i, consolidation] of sortedConsolidationsByScore.entries()) {
-      packedAttestations[i] = aggregateConsolidation(consolidation);
+    const packedAttestations: electra.Attestation[] = [];
+    for (const consolidation of sortedConsolidationsByScore) {
+      if (packedAttestations.length >= MAX_ATTESTATIONS_ELECTRA) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      const attestation = aggregateConsolidation(consolidation);
+      // The point at infinity is not a valid aggregate signature, exclude it from the block
+      if (byteArrayEquals(attestation.signature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY)) {
+        this.logger?.debug("Excluding aggregate with infinity signature", {
+          slot: stateSlot,
+          attestationSlot: attestation.data.slot,
+          committees: consolidation.byCommittee.size,
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const i = packedAttestations.push(attestation) - 1;
 
       // record metrics of packed attestations
       packedAttestationsMetrics?.committeeCount.set({index: i}, consolidation.byCommittee.size);
       packedAttestationsMetrics?.totalAttesters.set({index: i}, consolidation.totalAttesters);
       packedAttestationsMetrics?.nonParticipation.set({index: i}, consolidation.notSeenAttesters);
-      packedAttestationsMetrics?.inclusionDistance.set({index: i}, stateSlot - packedAttestations[i].data.slot);
+      packedAttestationsMetrics?.inclusionDistance.set({index: i}, stateSlot - attestation.data.slot);
       packedAttestationsMetrics?.newSeenAttesters.set({index: i}, consolidation.newSeenAttesters);
       packedAttestationsMetrics?.totalEffectiveBalance.set({index: i}, consolidation.totalNewSeenEffectiveBalance);
     }
@@ -462,7 +477,8 @@ export class AggregatedAttestationPool {
         attestations.push(...attestationGroup.getAttestations());
       }
     }
-    return attestations;
+    // The point at infinity is not a valid aggregate signature, do not serve such an aggregate
+    return attestations.filter((attestation) => !byteArrayEquals(attestation.signature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY));
   }
 
   private onScrapeMetrics(metrics: Metrics): void {

package/src/chain/opPools/attestationPool.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/blst";
 import {BitArray} from "@chainsafe/ssz";
 import {ChainForkConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
+import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@lodestar/native/blst";
 import {MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT, isForkPostElectra} from "@lodestar/params";
+import {G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {Attestation, RootHex, SingleAttestation, Slot, isElectraSingleAttestation} from "@lodestar/types";
-import {MapDef, assert} from "@lodestar/utils";
+import {MapDef, assert, byteArrayEquals} from "@lodestar/utils";
 import {Metrics} from "../../metrics/metrics.js";
 import {IClock} from "../../util/clock.js";
 import {InsertOutcome, OpPoolError, OpPoolErrorCode} from "./types.js";
@@ -180,7 +181,13 @@ export class AttestationPool {
       assert.true(!isElectraAggregate(aggregate), "Aggregate should be type AggregateFastPhase0");
     }
 
-    return fastToAttestation(aggregate);
+    const attestation = fastToAttestation(aggregate);
+    // The point at infinity is not a valid aggregate signature, do not serve such an aggregate
+    if (byteArrayEquals(attestation.signature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return attestation;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -209,7 +216,12 @@ export class AttestationPool {
       if (aggregateByRoot) {
         for (const aggFastByIndex of aggregateByRoot.values()) {
           for (const aggFast of aggFastByIndex.values()) {
-            attestations.push(fastToAttestation(aggFast));
+            const attestation = fastToAttestation(aggFast);
+            // The point at infinity is not a valid aggregate signature, do not serve such an aggregate
+            if (byteArrayEquals(attestation.signature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY)) {
+              continue;
+            }
+            attestations.push(attestation);
           }
         }
       }

package/src/chain/opPools/payloadAttestationPool.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/blst";
 import {BitArray} from "@chainsafe/ssz";
 import {ChainForkConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
+import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@lodestar/native/blst";
 import {MAX_COMMITTEES_PER_SLOT, MAX_PAYLOAD_ATTESTATIONS, PTC_SIZE} from "@lodestar/params";
+import {G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {RootHex, Slot, gloas} from "@lodestar/types";
-import {MapDef, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
+import {MapDef, byteArrayEquals, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
 import {Metrics} from "../../metrics/metrics.js";
 import {IClock} from "../../util/clock.js";
 import {InsertOutcome, OpPoolError, OpPoolErrorCode} from "./types.js";
@@ -112,11 +113,19 @@ export class PayloadAttestationPool {
       return [];
     }
 
-    return Array.from(aggregateByDataRoot.values())
-      .slice()
+    const payloadAttestations: gloas.PayloadAttestation[] = [];
+    for (const aggregate of aggregateByDataRoot.values()) {
+      const payloadAttestation = fastToPayloadAttestation(aggregate);
+      // The point at infinity is not a valid aggregate signature, exclude it from the block
+      if (byteArrayEquals(payloadAttestation.signature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      payloadAttestations.push(payloadAttestation);
+    }
+
+    return payloadAttestations
       .sort((a, b) => b.aggregationBits.getTrueBitIndexes().length - a.aggregationBits.getTrueBitIndexes().length)
-      .slice(0, MAX_PAYLOAD_ATTESTATIONS)
-      .map(fastToPayloadAttestation);
+      .slice(0, MAX_PAYLOAD_ATTESTATIONS);
   }
 
   getAll(slot?: Slot): gloas.PayloadAttestation[] {
@@ -139,9 +148,11 @@ export class PayloadAttestationPool {
       }
     }
 
+    // The point at infinity is not a valid aggregate signature, do not serve such an aggregate
     return aggregates
       .sort((a, b) => b.aggregationBits.getTrueBitIndexes().length - a.aggregationBits.getTrueBitIndexes().length)
-      .map(fastToPayloadAttestation);
+      .map(fastToPayloadAttestation)
+      .filter((attestation) => !byteArrayEquals(attestation.signature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY));
   }
 
   prune(clockSlot: Slot): void {

package/src/chain/opPools/syncCommitteeMessagePool.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/blst";
 import {BitArray} from "@chainsafe/ssz";
 import {ChainForkConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
+import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@lodestar/native/blst";
 import {SYNC_COMMITTEE_SIZE, SYNC_COMMITTEE_SUBNET_COUNT} from "@lodestar/params";
+import {G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {Root, Slot, SubcommitteeIndex, SubnetID, altair} from "@lodestar/types";
-import {MapDef, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
+import {MapDef, byteArrayEquals, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
 import {IClock} from "../../util/clock.js";
 import {InsertOutcome, OpPoolError, OpPoolErrorCode} from "./types.js";
 import {pruneBySlot, signatureFromBytesNoCheck} from "./utils.js";
@@ -110,10 +111,16 @@ export class SyncCommitteeMessagePool {
       return null;
     }
 
+    const signature = contribution.signature.toBytes();
+    // The point at infinity is not a valid contribution signature, do not serve such a contribution
+    if (byteArrayEquals(signature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
     return {
       ...contribution,
       aggregationBits: contribution.aggregationBits,
-      signature: contribution.signature.toBytes(),
+      signature,
     };
   }
 

package/src/chain/opPools/syncContributionAndProofPool.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/blst";
 import {BitArray} from "@chainsafe/ssz";
 import {ChainForkConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
+import {Signature, aggregateSignatures} from "@lodestar/native/blst";
 import {SYNC_COMMITTEE_SIZE, SYNC_COMMITTEE_SUBNET_SIZE} from "@lodestar/params";
 import {G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {Root, Slot, SubnetID, altair, ssz} from "@lodestar/types";
-import {Logger, MapDef, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
+import {Logger, MapDef, byteArrayEquals, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
 import {Metrics} from "../../metrics/metrics.js";
 import {IClock} from "../../util/clock.js";
 import {InsertOutcome, OpPoolError, OpPoolErrorCode} from "./types.js";
@@ -234,8 +234,18 @@ export function aggregate(
   }
 
   metrics?.opPool.syncContributionAndProofPool.getAggregateParticipants.set(participationCount);
+
+  const syncCommitteeSignature = aggregateSignatures(signatures).toBytes();
+  // The point at infinity is only a valid sync aggregate signature with empty participation bits
+  if (byteArrayEquals(syncCommitteeSignature, G2_POINT_AT_INFINITY)) {
+    return {
+      syncCommitteeBits: BitArray.fromBitLen(SYNC_COMMITTEE_SIZE),
+      syncCommitteeSignature,
+    };
+  }
+
   return {
     syncCommitteeBits,
-    syncCommitteeSignature: aggregateSignatures(signatures).toBytes(),
+    syncCommitteeSignature,
   };
 }

package/src/chain/opPools/utils.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import {Signature} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/blst";
 import {BeaconConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
 import {DbBatch, Id, Repository} from "@lodestar/db";
+import {Signature} from "@lodestar/native/blst";
 import {BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX, DOMAIN_BEACON_ATTESTER, DOMAIN_BEACON_PROPOSER} from "@lodestar/params";
 import {IBeaconStateView, computeStartSlotAtEpoch} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {AttesterSlashing, Domain, Slot, capella, phase0} from "@lodestar/types";

package/src/chain/options.ts

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ export type IChainOptions = BlockProcessOpts &
     /** Max number of produced block roots (blinded or full) cached for broadcast validations */
     maxCachedProducedRoots?: number;
     initialCustodyGroupCount?: number;
-    broadcastValidationStrictness?: string;
     minSameMessageSignatureSetsToBatch: number;
     archiveDateEpochs?: number;
     nHistoricalStatesFileDataStore?: boolean;
@@ -121,7 +120,6 @@ export const defaultChainOptions: IChainOptions = {
   // for attestation validation, having this value ensures we don't have to regen states most of the time
   maxSkipSlots: 32,
   disableProposerSlashings: false,
-  broadcastValidationStrictness: "warn",
   // should be less than or equal to MIN_SIGNATURE_SETS_TO_BATCH_VERIFY
   // batching too much may block the I/O thread so if useWorker=false, suggest this value to be 32
   // since this batch attestation work is designed to work with useWorker=true, make this the lowest value

package/src/chain/validation/executionPayloadBid.ts

@@ -179,6 +179,20 @@ async function validateExecutionPayloadBid(
     });
   }
 
+  // [IGNORE] this bid is the highest value bid seen for the tuple
+  // `(bid.slot, bid.parent_block_hash, bid.parent_block_root)`.
+  // As a DoS prevention measure, the bid must also exceed the current highest bid by a minimum
+  // increment, see https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/4831. This prevents spam
+  // from builders submitting numerous bids with minimal value increments.
+  const bestBid = chain.executionPayloadBidPool.getBestBid(bid.slot, bidParentBlockHash, bidParentBlockRoot);
+  if (bestBid !== null && bid.value < getMinBidValue(bestBid.signedBid.message.value)) {
+    throw new ExecutionPayloadBidError(GossipAction.IGNORE, {
+      code: ExecutionPayloadBidErrorCode.BID_TOO_LOW,
+      bidValue: bid.value,
+      currentHighestBid: bestBid.signedBid.message.value,
+    });
+  }
+
   // [IGNORE] `bid.parent_block_root` is the hash tree root of a known beacon block in fork choice.
   // Moved earlier than the spec ordering so we can derive the proposer dependent root for the
   // proposer-preferences lookup below from a known fork-choice block.
@@ -352,19 +366,6 @@ async function validateExecutionPayloadBid(
     });
   }
 
-  // [IGNORE] this bid is the highest value bid seen for the tuple
-  // `(bid.slot, bid.parent_block_hash, bid.parent_block_root)`.
-  // As a DoS prevention measure, the bid must also exceed the current highest bid by a minimum
-  // increment, see https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/4831. This prevents spam
-  // from builders submitting numerous bids with minimal value increments.
-  const bestBid = chain.executionPayloadBidPool.getBestBid(bid.slot, bidParentBlockHash, bidParentBlockRoot);
-  if (bestBid !== null && bid.value < getMinBidValue(bestBid.signedBid.message.value)) {
-    throw new ExecutionPayloadBidError(GossipAction.IGNORE, {
-      code: ExecutionPayloadBidErrorCode.BID_TOO_LOW,
-      bidValue: bid.value,
-      currentHighestBid: bestBid.signedBid.message.value,
-    });
-  }
   // [IGNORE] `bid.value` is less or equal than the builder's excess balance --
   // i.e. `can_builder_cover_bid(state, builder_index, amount)` returns `True`.
   if (!state.canBuilderCoverBid(bid.builderIndex, bid.value)) {

package/src/db/beacon.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ import {
   VoluntaryExitRepository,
 } from "./repositories/index.js";
 
+/** Below this size, seeks over leftover legacy column data stay cheap */
+const LEGACY_DATA_COLUMNS_COMPACTION_MIN_BYTES = 1024 ** 3;
+
 export type BeaconDbOpts = {
   dataColumnDir: string;
   logger: Logger;
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ export class BeaconDb implements IBeaconDb {
   readonly dataColumns: IDataColumnStore;
   lastLegacyArchiveSlot: Slot | null = null;
   private readonly flatFileStore: FlatFileStore;
+  private readonly logger: Logger;
 
   constructor(
     config: ChainForkConfig,
@@ -100,6 +104,7 @@ export class BeaconDb implements IBeaconDb {
     this.syncCommittee = new SyncCommitteeRepository(config, db);
     this.syncCommitteeWitness = new SyncCommitteeWitnessRepository(config, db);
 
+    this.logger = opts.logger;
     this.flatFileStore = new FlatFileStore(opts.dataColumnDir, config, opts.logger, opts.metrics);
     this.dataColumns = new LegacyDataColumnStore(
       this.flatFileStore,
@@ -125,6 +130,40 @@ export class BeaconDb implements IBeaconDb {
     this.flatFileStore.setMetrics(flatFileStoreMetrics);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Deletes made while an iterator held a snapshot can stay in the bottom LevelDB level, which `compactRange` never
+   * rewrites, so every seek into the legacy column buckets walks them. Writing a key at each end of the pruned range
+   * makes the compaction overlap those files and rewrite them.
+   */
+  async compactLegacyDataColumns(
+    prunedBeforeSlot: Slot,
+    minSizeBytes = LEGACY_DATA_COLUMNS_COMPACTION_MIN_BYTES
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const archiveBucket = Bucket.allForks_dataColumnSidecarsArchive;
+    const start = encodeKey(Bucket.allForks_dataColumnSidecars, Buffer.alloc(0));
+    const end = encodeKey(archiveBucket, this.dataColumnSidecarArchive.getMinKeyRaw(prunedBeforeSlot));
+    const sizeBytes = await this.db.approximateSize(start, end);
+    if (sizeBytes < minSizeBytes) return;
+
+    // Column indices stay below 0xffff and hot column keys are shorter, so no sentinel matches a real key
+    const upperSentinel =
+      prunedBeforeSlot > 0
+        ? encodeKey(archiveBucket, this.dataColumnSidecarArchive.encodeKeyRaw(prunedBeforeSlot - 1, 0xffff))
+        : encodeKey(Bucket.allForks_dataColumnSidecars, Buffer.alloc(35, 0xff));
+    const sentinels = [start, upperSentinel];
+
+    this.logger.info("Compacting legacy data columns, this may take a while", {sizeBytes});
+    const startTime = Date.now();
+    await this.db.batchPut(sentinels.map((key) => ({key, value: new Uint8Array()})));
+    await this.db.compactRange(start, end);
+    await this.db.batchDelete(sentinels);
+    await this.db.compactRange(start, end);
+    this.logger.verbose("Compacted legacy data columns", {
+      durationMs: Date.now() - startTime,
+      sizeBytes: await this.db.approximateSize(start, end),
+    });
+  }
+
   async pruneHotDb(): Promise<void> {
     // Prune all hot blobs
     await this.blobSidecars.batchDelete(await this.blobSidecars.keys());

package/src/db/dataColumnStore.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export type IndexedDataColumnBytes = {index: ColumnIndex; data: Uint8Array};
 type LegacyHotDataColumnStore = Pick<DataColumnSidecarRepository, "values" | "getManyBinary" | "deleteMany">;
 type LegacyArchiveDataColumnStore = Pick<
   DataColumnSidecarArchiveRepository,
-  "values" | "getManyBinary" | "keys" | "deleteMany"
+  "values" | "getManyBinary" | "pruneBefore"
 >;
 type BlockRootIndex = Pick<BlockArchiveRepository, "getSlotByRoot">;
 
@@ -86,9 +86,7 @@ export class LegacyDataColumnStore implements IDataColumnStore {
 
   async pruneBefore(slot: Slot): Promise<Slot[]> {
     const flatFileSlots = await this.flatFiles.pruneBefore(slot);
-    const prefixedKeys = await this.legacyArchive.keys({lt: {prefix: slot, id: 0}});
-    const slots = [...new Set(prefixedKeys.map(({prefix}) => prefix))];
-    if (slots.length > 0) await this.legacyArchive.deleteMany(slots);
+    const slots = await this.legacyArchive.pruneBefore(slot);
     return [...new Set([...flatFileSlots, ...slots])].sort((a, b) => a - b);
   }
 }

package/src/db/flatFileStore/flatFileStore.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import fs from "node:fs";
+import {type FileHandle, open, readFile, rm} from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
 import {ChainForkConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
 import {ForkPostFulu} from "@lodestar/params";
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export class FlatFileStore implements IFlatFileStore {
       for (const slot of slotsToPrune) {
         const release = await this.acquireMutationLock(slot);
         try {
-          await fs.promises.rm(path.join(this.dataColumnDir, padSlot(slot)), {recursive: true, force: true});
+          await rm(path.join(this.dataColumnDir, padSlot(slot)), {recursive: true, force: true});
           this.slotIndex.remove(slot);
           this.metrics?.prunedDirectories.inc();
         } finally {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ export class FlatFileStore implements IFlatFileStore {
 
   private async readFile(slot: Slot, rootHex: RootHex): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
     try {
-      return await fs.promises.readFile(this.filePath(slot, rootHex));
+      return await readFile(this.filePath(slot, rootHex));
     } catch (e) {
       if (!isFsNotFoundError(e)) throw e;
       return null;
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ export class FlatFileStore implements IFlatFileStore {
     rootHex: RootHex,
     indices: number[]
   ): Promise<(Uint8Array | undefined)[] | null> {
-    let fd: fs.promises.FileHandle;
+    let fd: FileHandle;
     try {
-      fd = await fs.promises.open(this.filePath(slot, rootHex), "r");
+      fd = await open(this.filePath(slot, rootHex), "r");
     } catch (e) {
       if (!isFsNotFoundError(e)) throw e;
       return null;
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ export class FlatFileStore implements IFlatFileStore {
     await observeFlatFileStoreOperation(this.metrics, FlatFileStoreOperation.delete, async () => {
       const release = await this.acquireMutationLock(slot);
       try {
-        await fs.promises.rm(this.filePath(slot, rootHex), {force: true});
+        await rm(this.filePath(slot, rootHex), {force: true});
       } finally {
         release();
       }
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ function validateDcolHeader(header: DcolHeader, slot: Slot, rootHex: RootHex): v
   }
 }
 
-async function readExactly(fd: fs.promises.FileHandle, buffer: Uint8Array, position: number): Promise<void> {
+async function readExactly(fd: FileHandle, buffer: Uint8Array, position: number): Promise<void> {
   let totalRead = 0;
   while (totalRead < buffer.length) {
     const {bytesRead} = await fd.read(buffer, totalRead, buffer.length - totalRead, position + totalRead);

package/src/db/flatFileStore/slotIndex.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import fs from "node:fs";
+import type {Dirent} from "node:fs";
+import {readdir} from "node:fs/promises";
 import {Slot} from "@lodestar/types";
 import {isFsNotFoundError} from "./errors.js";
 import {padSlot} from "./path.js";
@@ -33,9 +34,9 @@ export class SlotIndex {
 
   async rebuildFromDisk(columnsDir: string): Promise<SlotIndexRebuildStats> {
     this.slots.clear();
-    let entries: fs.Dirent[];
+    let entries: Dirent[];
     try {
-      entries = await fs.promises.readdir(columnsDir, {withFileTypes: true});
+      entries = await readdir(columnsDir, {withFileTypes: true});
     } catch (e) {
       if (!isFsNotFoundError(e)) throw e;
       return {slots: 0, ignoredEntries: 0};

package/src/db/interface.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ export interface IBeaconDb {
   readonly lastLegacyArchiveSlot: Slot | null;
   init(): Promise<void>;
 
+  compactLegacyDataColumns(prunedBeforeSlot: Slot, minSizeBytes?: number): Promise<void>;
+
   pruneHotDb(): Promise<void>;
 
   deleteDeprecatedEth1Data(): Promise<void>;