@lodestar/beacon-node 1.51.0-dev.2531f8fae8 → 1.51.0-dev.2aff7aaeb7

package/src/network/peers/utils/assertPeerRelevance.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import {ForkName, isForkPostFulu} from "@lodestar/params";
-import {ForkDigest, Root, Slot, Status, fulu, ssz} from "@lodestar/types";
+import {ForkName, GENESIS_EPOCH, isForkPostFulu} from "@lodestar/params";
+import {computeEpochAtSlot} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
+import {Epoch, ForkDigest, Root, Slot, Status, fulu, ssz} from "@lodestar/types";
 import {toHex, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
 
 // TODO: Why this value? (From Lighthouse)
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@ export enum IrrelevantPeerCode {
   INCOMPATIBLE_FORKS = "IRRELEVANT_PEER_INCOMPATIBLE_FORKS",
   DIFFERENT_CLOCKS = "IRRELEVANT_PEER_DIFFERENT_CLOCKS",
   DIFFERENT_FINALIZED = "IRRELEVANT_PEER_DIFFERENT_FINALIZED",
+  FINALIZED_EPOCH_TOO_HIGH = "IRRELEVANT_PEER_FINALIZED_EPOCH_TOO_HIGH",
+  INVALID_FINALIZED_ROOT = "IRRELEVANT_PEER_INVALID_FINALIZED_ROOT",
   NO_EARLIEST_AVAILABLE_SLOT = "NO_EARLIEST_AVAILABLE_SLOT",
 }
 
@@ -16,6 +19,8 @@ type IrrelevantPeerType =
   | {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.INCOMPATIBLE_FORKS; ours: ForkDigest; theirs: ForkDigest}
   | {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.DIFFERENT_CLOCKS; slotDiff: number}
   | {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.NO_EARLIEST_AVAILABLE_SLOT}
+  | {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.FINALIZED_EPOCH_TOO_HIGH; finalizedEpoch: Epoch; maxFinalizedEpoch: Epoch}
+  | {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.INVALID_FINALIZED_ROOT}
   | {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.DIFFERENT_FINALIZED; expectedRoot: Root; remoteRoot: Root};
 
 /**
@@ -45,29 +50,35 @@ export function assertPeerRelevance(
     return {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.DIFFERENT_CLOCKS, slotDiff};
   }
 
-  // The remote's finalized epoch is less than or equal to ours, but the block root is
-  // different to the one in our chain. Therefore, the node is on a different chain and we
-  // should not communicate with them.
+  // A checkpoint can be finalized at the earliest at the start of epoch + 2
+  const maxFinalizedEpoch = Math.max(
+    GENESIS_EPOCH,
+    computeEpochAtSlot(Math.max(currentSlot, 0) + FUTURE_SLOT_TOLERANCE) - 2
+  );
+  if (remote.finalizedEpoch > maxFinalizedEpoch) {
+    return {
+      code: IrrelevantPeerCode.FINALIZED_EPOCH_TOO_HIGH,
+      finalizedEpoch: remote.finalizedEpoch,
+      maxFinalizedEpoch,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (remote.finalizedEpoch > GENESIS_EPOCH && isZeroRoot(remote.finalizedRoot)) {
+    return {code: IrrelevantPeerCode.INVALID_FINALIZED_ROOT};
+  }
 
+  // The remote's finalized epoch is equal to ours, but the block root is different to the one in our chain.
+  // Therefore, the node is on a different chain and we should not communicate with them.
   if (
-    remote.finalizedEpoch <= local.finalizedEpoch &&
-    !isZeroRoot(remote.finalizedRoot) &&
-    !isZeroRoot(local.finalizedRoot)
+    remote.finalizedEpoch === local.finalizedEpoch &&
+    !isZeroRoot(local.finalizedRoot) &&
+    !ssz.Root.equals(remote.finalizedRoot, local.finalizedRoot)
   ) {
-    // NOTE: due to preferring to not access chain state here, we can't check the finalized root against our history.
-    // The impact of not doing check is low: peers that are behind us we can't confirm they are in the same chain as us.
-    // In the worst case they will attempt to sync from us, fail and disconnect. The ENR fork check should be sufficient
-    // to differentiate most peers in normal network conditions.
-    const remoteRoot = remote.finalizedRoot;
-    const expectedRoot = remote.finalizedEpoch === local.finalizedEpoch ? local.finalizedRoot : null;
-
-    if (expectedRoot !== null && !ssz.Root.equals(remoteRoot, expectedRoot)) {
-      return {
-        code: IrrelevantPeerCode.DIFFERENT_FINALIZED,
-        expectedRoot: expectedRoot, // forkChoice returns Tree BranchNode which the logger prints as {}
-        remoteRoot: remoteRoot,
-      };
-    }
+    return {
+      code: IrrelevantPeerCode.DIFFERENT_FINALIZED,
+      expectedRoot: local.finalizedRoot,
+      remoteRoot: remote.finalizedRoot,
+    };
   }
 
   if (isForkPostFulu(forkName) && (remote as fulu.Status).earliestAvailableSlot === undefined) {
@@ -76,7 +87,8 @@ export function assertPeerRelevance(
     };
   }
 
-  // Note: Accept request status finalized checkpoint in the future, we do not know if it is a true finalized root
+  // Note: for a behind finalized checkpoint, we validate it more on the main thread against our history,
+  // see BeaconSync.verifyPastFinalizedCheckpoint
   return null;
 }
 
@@ -93,6 +105,10 @@ export function renderIrrelevantPeerType(type: IrrelevantPeerType): string {
       return `DIFFERENT_CLOCKS slotDiff: ${type.slotDiff}`;
     case IrrelevantPeerCode.DIFFERENT_FINALIZED:
       return `DIFFERENT_FINALIZED root: ${toRootHex(type.remoteRoot)} expected: ${toRootHex(type.expectedRoot)}`;
+    case IrrelevantPeerCode.FINALIZED_EPOCH_TOO_HIGH:
+      return `FINALIZED_EPOCH_TOO_HIGH finalizedEpoch: ${type.finalizedEpoch} max: ${type.maxFinalizedEpoch}`;
+    case IrrelevantPeerCode.INVALID_FINALIZED_ROOT:
+      return "INVALID_FINALIZED_ROOT zero root for a non-genesis finalized epoch";
     case IrrelevantPeerCode.NO_EARLIEST_AVAILABLE_SLOT:
       return "No earliestAvailableSlot announced via peer Status";
   }

package/src/network/peers/utils/prioritizePeers.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ const syncnetsZero = BitArray.fromBitLen(SYNC_COMMITTEE_SUBNET_COUNT);
 
 type SubnetDiscvQuery = {subnet: SubnetID; toSlot: number; maxPeersToDiscover: number};
 
+export type RequestedSubnetWithPeerCount = RequestedSubnet & {peerCount: number};
+
 /**
  * A map of das custody group index to maxPeersToDiscover
  */
@@ -145,8 +147,8 @@ export function prioritizePeers(
     samplingGroups: CustodyIndex[] | null;
     score: number;
   }[],
-  activeAttnets: RequestedSubnet[],
-  activeSyncnets: RequestedSubnet[],
+  activeAttnets: RequestedSubnetWithPeerCount[],
+  activeSyncnets: RequestedSubnetWithPeerCount[],
   samplingGroups: CustodyIndex[] | undefined,
   opts: PrioritizePeersOpts,
   config: ChainConfig,
@@ -231,8 +233,8 @@ export function prioritizePeers(
  */
 function requestSubnetPeers(
   connectedPeers: PeerInfo[],
-  activeAttnets: RequestedSubnet[],
-  activeSyncnets: RequestedSubnet[],
+  activeAttnets: RequestedSubnetWithPeerCount[],
+  activeSyncnets: RequestedSubnetWithPeerCount[],
   ourSamplingGroups: CustodyIndex[] | undefined,
   opts: PrioritizePeersOpts,
   config: ChainConfig,
@@ -252,54 +254,44 @@ function requestSubnetPeers(
 
   // attnets, do we need queries for more peers
   if (activeAttnets.length > 0) {
-    /** Map of peers per subnet, peer may be in multiple arrays */
-    const peersPerSubnet = new Map<number, number>();
-
     for (const peer of connectedPeers) {
       const trueBitIndices = peer.attnetsTrueBitIndices;
       let dutyCount = 0;
       for (const {subnet} of activeAttnets) {
         if (trueBitIndices.includes(subnet)) {
           dutyCount += 1;
-          peersPerSubnet.set(subnet, 1 + (peersPerSubnet.get(subnet) ?? 0));
         }
       }
       dutiesByPeer.set(peer, dutyCount);
     }
 
-    for (const {subnet, toSlot} of activeAttnets) {
-      const peersInSubnet = peersPerSubnet.get(subnet) ?? 0;
-      metrics?.peerManager.peersPerActiveSubnet.observe({type: SubnetType.attnets}, peersInSubnet);
-      if (peersInSubnet < targetSubnetPeers) {
+    for (const {subnet, toSlot, peerCount} of activeAttnets) {
+      metrics?.peerManager.peersPerActiveSubnet.observe({type: SubnetType.attnets}, peerCount);
+      if (peerCount < targetSubnetPeers) {
         // We need more peers
-        attnetQueries.push({subnet, toSlot, maxPeersToDiscover: targetSubnetPeers - peersInSubnet});
+        attnetQueries.push({subnet, toSlot, maxPeersToDiscover: targetSubnetPeers - peerCount});
       }
     }
   }
 
   // syncnets, do we need queries for more peers
   if (activeSyncnets.length > 0) {
-    /** Map of peers per subnet, peer may be in multiple arrays */
-    const peersPerSubnet = new Map<number, number>();
-
     for (const peer of connectedPeers) {
       const trueBitIndices = peer.syncnetsTrueBitIndices;
       let dutyCount = dutiesByPeer.get(peer) ?? 0;
       for (const {subnet} of activeSyncnets) {
         if (trueBitIndices.includes(subnet)) {
           dutyCount += 1;
-          peersPerSubnet.set(subnet, 1 + (peersPerSubnet.get(subnet) ?? 0));
         }
       }
       dutiesByPeer.set(peer, dutyCount);
     }
 
-    for (const {subnet, toSlot} of activeSyncnets) {
-      const peersInSubnet = peersPerSubnet.get(subnet) ?? 0;
-      metrics?.peerManager.peersPerActiveSubnet.observe({type: SubnetType.syncnets}, peersInSubnet);
-      if (peersInSubnet < targetSubnetPeers) {
+    for (const {subnet, toSlot, peerCount} of activeSyncnets) {
+      metrics?.peerManager.peersPerActiveSubnet.observe({type: SubnetType.syncnets}, peerCount);
+      if (peerCount < targetSubnetPeers) {
         // We need more peers
-        syncnetQueries.push({subnet, toSlot, maxPeersToDiscover: targetSubnetPeers - peersInSubnet});
+        syncnetQueries.push({subnet, toSlot, maxPeersToDiscover: targetSubnetPeers - peerCount});
       }
     }
   }

package/src/network/processor/gossipHandlers.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ import {
   validateGossipGloasDataColumnSidecar,
 } from "../../chain/validation/dataColumnSidecar.js";
 import {validateGossipExecutionPayloadBid} from "../../chain/validation/executionPayloadBid.js";
-import {validateGossipExecutionPayloadEnvelope} from "../../chain/validation/executionPayloadEnvelope.js";
+import {
+  validateGossipExecutionPayloadEnvelope,
+  validateGossipExecutionPayloadEnvelopeSerialized,
+} from "../../chain/validation/executionPayloadEnvelope.js";
 import {InclusionListValidationResult, validateGossipInclusionList} from "../../chain/validation/inclusionList.js";
 import {
   AggregateAndProofValidationResult,
@@ -705,10 +708,8 @@ function getSequentialHandlers(modules: ValidatorFnsModules, options: GossipHand
 
           // Immediately attempt fetch of data columns from execution engine as the bid contains kzg commitments
           // which is all the information we need so there is no reason to delay until execution payload arrives
-          // TODO GLOAS: If we want EL retries after this initial attempt, add an explicit retry policy here
-          // (for example later in the slot). Do not couple retries to incoming gossip columns.
-          // Columns fetched here feed payloadInput.addColumn, which resolves waitForAllData for any
-          // in-flight importExecutionPayload. No processExecutionPayload trigger needed from this path.
+          // Columns fetched here feed payloadInput.addColumn, which resolves the waitForAllData of a
+          // pending payload import. No processExecutionPayload trigger needed from this path.
           chain.getBlobsTracker.triggerGetBlobs(payloadInput);
         }
       })
@@ -929,7 +930,7 @@ function getSequentialHandlers(modules: ValidatorFnsModules, options: GossipHand
             }
 
             // NOTE: we do NOT call chain.processExecutionPayload here. That is triggered only by
-            // envelope arrival (gossip or API). An in-flight importExecutionPayload is awaiting
+            // envelope arrival (gossip or API). A pending payload import is awaiting
             // payloadInput.waitForAllData(); addColumn above will resolve it once hasAllData flips.
 
             scheduleIncompletePayloadEnvelope(payloadInput, peerIdStr);
@@ -1278,6 +1279,7 @@ function getSequentialHandlers(modules: ValidatorFnsModules, options: GossipHand
       seenTimestampSec,
     }: GossipHandlerParamGeneric<GossipType.execution_payload>) => {
       const {serializedData} = gossipData;
+      validateGossipExecutionPayloadEnvelopeSerialized(chain, serializedData);
       const signedEnvelope = sszDeserialize(topic, serializedData);
       const envelope = signedEnvelope.message;
 
@@ -1330,18 +1332,22 @@ function getSequentialHandlers(modules: ValidatorFnsModules, options: GossipHand
         });
       }
 
+      // Add the envelope in the same tick as validation, otherwise a by-root download that completes
+      // before the next event loop sees no envelope, validates it again and adds it first
+      if (!payloadInput.hasPayloadEnvelope()) {
+        chain.serializedCache.set(signedEnvelope, serializedData);
+
+        payloadInput.addPayloadEnvelope({
+          envelope: signedEnvelope,
+          source: PayloadEnvelopeInputSource.gossip,
+          seenTimestampSec,
+          peerIdStr,
+        });
+      }
+
       // Handler - deferred to next event loop so the validation result propagates first
       callInNextEventLoop(() => {
         try {
-          chain.serializedCache.set(signedEnvelope, serializedData);
-
-          payloadInput.addPayloadEnvelope({
-            envelope: signedEnvelope,
-            source: PayloadEnvelopeInputSource.gossip,
-            seenTimestampSec,
-            peerIdStr,
-          });
-
           scheduleIncompletePayloadEnvelope(payloadInput, peerIdStr);
 
           chain.emitter.emit(routes.events.EventType.executionPayloadGossip, {
@@ -1351,7 +1357,9 @@ function getSequentialHandlers(modules: ValidatorFnsModules, options: GossipHand
             blockRoot: blockRootHex,
           });
 
-          chain.processExecutionPayload(payloadInput, {validSignature: true}).catch((e) => {
+          // Signature is verified above only for this envelope, one added by another source is verified at import
+          const validSignature = payloadInput.getPayloadEnvelope() === signedEnvelope;
+          chain.processExecutionPayload(payloadInput, {validSignature}).catch((e) => {
             // Adjust verbosity based on error type
             let logLevel: LogLevel;
 
@@ -1369,11 +1377,14 @@ function getSequentialHandlers(modules: ValidatorFnsModules, options: GossipHand
                   // Errors might indicate an issue with our node or the connected EL client
                   logLevel = LogLevel.error;
                   break;
-                // INVALID_SIGNATURE should not happen, signature is verified during gossip validation
+                // INVALID_SIGNATURE only happens for an envelope added by another source
                 case PayloadErrorCode.INVALID_SIGNATURE:
                 case PayloadErrorCode.ENVELOPE_VERIFICATION_ERROR:
                 case PayloadErrorCode.EXECUTION_ENGINE_INVALID:
-                  core.reportPeer(peerIdStr, PeerAction.LowToleranceError, "BadGossipPayload");
+                  // Penalize only when the stored envelope is the one this peer sent, not one added by another source
+                  if (validSignature) {
+                    core.reportPeer(peerIdStr, PeerAction.LowToleranceError, "BadGossipPayload");
+                  }
                   // The builder may have signed another envelope that is valid, keeping this one would make
                   // by-root and range sync reuse it and never import the payload
                   chain.seenPayloadEnvelopeInputCache.removeInvalid(payloadInput);

package/src/node/nodejs.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import {setMaxListeners} from "node:events";
 import {PrivateKey} from "@libp2p/interface";
 import {Registry} from "prom-client";
+import {hasher} from "@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree";
+import {BeaconApiMethods} from "@lodestar/api/beacon/server";
+import {BeaconConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
+import type {LoggerNode} from "@lodestar/logger/node";
 import {
   init as initNativeMetrics,
   registerLocalValidator as registerNativeLocalValidator,
   scrapeMetrics as scrapeNativeMetrics,
   unregisterLocalValidator as unregisterNativeLocalValidator,
-} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/metrics";
-import {type PubkeyCache} from "@chainsafe/lodestar-z/pubkeys";
-import {hasher} from "@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree";
-import {BeaconApiMethods} from "@lodestar/api/beacon/server";
-import {BeaconConfig} from "@lodestar/config";
-import type {LoggerNode} from "@lodestar/logger/node";
+} from "@lodestar/native/metrics";
+import {type PubkeyCache} from "@lodestar/native/pubkeys";
 import {ZERO_HASH_HEX} from "@lodestar/params";
 import {
   IBeaconStateView,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
   isStatePostGloas,
 } from "@lodestar/state-transition";
 import {Slot} from "@lodestar/types";
-import {sleep, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
+import {defer, sleep, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
 import {ProcessShutdownCallback} from "@lodestar/validator";
 import {BeaconRestApiServer, getApi} from "../api/index.js";
 import {getDataColumnSidecarsMinEpoch} from "../chain/archiveStore/utils/archiveBlocks.js";
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ export class BeaconNode {
 
   status: BeaconNodeStatus;
   private controller?: AbortController;
+  private closePromise: Promise<void> | undefined;
 
   constructor({
     opts,
@@ -297,6 +298,7 @@ export class BeaconNode {
         : undefined,
       builderApiClientOpts: {
         timeout: opts.executionBuilder.timeout,
+        bidDeadline: opts.executionBuilder.bidDeadline,
         // Sent with all builder api requests, unless the node runs in private mode
         userAgent: opts.executionBuilder.userAgent,
       },
@@ -392,23 +394,40 @@ export class BeaconNode {
   /**
    * Stop beacon node and its sub-components.
    */
-  async close(): Promise<void> {
-    if (this.status === BeaconNodeStatus.started) {
-      this.status = BeaconNodeStatus.closing;
-      this.sync.close();
-      if (this.restApi) await this.restApi.close();
-      await this.network.close();
-      if (this.metricsServer) await this.metricsServer.close();
-      if (this.monitoring) await this.monitoring.close();
-      await this.chain.persistToDisk();
-      await this.chain.close();
+  close(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.closePromise !== undefined) return this.closePromise;
+    const completion = defer<void>();
+    this.closePromise = completion.promise;
+    this.status = BeaconNodeStatus.closing;
+    void this.closeInternal().then(completion.resolve, completion.reject);
+    return this.closePromise;
+  }
+
+  private async closeInternal(): Promise<void> {
+    const errors: unknown[] = [];
+    for (const cleanup of [
+      () => this.sync.close(),
+      () => this.restApi?.close(),
+      () => this.network.close(),
+      () => this.metricsServer?.close(),
+      () => this.monitoring?.close(),
+      () => this.chain.persistToDisk(),
+      () => this.chain.close(),
       // Abort signal last: close() calls above clear intervals/timeouts so no new
       // operations get scheduled. If we aborted first, a still-pending interval could
       // fire and schedule a new operation after abort, leaving it stuck and delaying shutdown.
-      if (this.controller) this.controller.abort();
-      await sleep(DELAY_BEFORE_CLOSING_DB_MS);
-      await this.db.close();
-      this.status = BeaconNodeStatus.closed;
+      () => this.controller?.abort(),
+      () => sleep(DELAY_BEFORE_CLOSING_DB_MS),
+      () => this.db.close(),
+    ]) {
+      try {
+        await cleanup();
+      } catch (error) {
+        errors.push(error);
+      }
     }
+    this.status = BeaconNodeStatus.closed;
+    if (errors.length === 1) throw errors[0];
+    if (errors.length > 1) throw new AggregateError(errors, "Beacon node cleanup failed");
   }
 }

package/src/node/options.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+import {BLOCK_PRODUCTION_RACE_CUTOFF_GLOAS_BPS} from "../api/impl/validator/index.js";
 import {ApiOptions, defaultApiOptions} from "../api/options.js";
 import {ArchiveMode, DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_MODE, IChainOptions, defaultChainOptions} from "../chain/options.js";
 import {ValidatorMonitorOpts, defaultValidatorMonitorOpts} from "../chain/validatorMonitor.js";
 import {DatabaseOptions, defaultDbOptions} from "../db/options.js";
+import {BUILDER_BID_LAG_BUFFER_MS} from "../execution/builder/apiClient.js";
 import {
   EngineApiMode,
   ExecutionBuilderOpts,
@@ -20,9 +22,11 @@ import {SyncOptions, defaultSyncOptions} from "../sync/options.js";
 // Re-export so the CLI doesn't need to depend on lodestar-api
 export {allNamespaces} from "../api/rest/index.js";
 export type {EngineApiMode};
-// Re-export to use as default values in CLI args
+// Re-export to use as default values and for validation in CLI args
 export {
   ArchiveMode,
+  BLOCK_PRODUCTION_RACE_CUTOFF_GLOAS_BPS,
+  BUILDER_BID_LAG_BUFFER_MS,
   DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_MODE,
   defaultExecutionBuilderHttpOpts,
   defaultExecutionEngineHttpOpts,

package/src/sync/sync.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 import {SLOTS_PER_EPOCH} from "@lodestar/params";
-import {Slot} from "@lodestar/types";
+import {computeStartSlotAtEpoch} from "@lodestar/state-transition";
+import {Slot, Status} from "@lodestar/types";
 import {Logger, toRootHex} from "@lodestar/utils";
 import {IBeaconChain} from "../chain/index.js";
-import {GENESIS_SLOT} from "../constants/constants.js";
+import {GENESIS_EPOCH, GENESIS_SLOT} from "../constants/constants.js";
+import {GoodByeReasonCode} from "../constants/index.js";
+import {IBeaconDb} from "../db/index.js";
 import {ExecutionEngineState} from "../execution/index.js";
 import {Metrics} from "../metrics/index.js";
-import {INetwork, NetworkEvent, NetworkEventData} from "../network/index.js";
+import {INetwork, NetworkEvent, NetworkEventData, PeerAction} from "../network/index.js";
 import {ClockEvent} from "../util/clock.js";
 import {isOptimisticBlock} from "../util/forkChoice.js";
+import {PeerIdStr} from "../util/peerId.js";
 import {MIN_EPOCH_TO_START_GOSSIP} from "./constants.js";
 import {IBeaconSync, SyncChainDebugState, SyncModules, SyncState, SyncingStatus, syncStateMetric} from "./interface.js";
 import {SyncOptions} from "./options.js";
@@ -19,6 +23,7 @@ export class BeaconSync implements IBeaconSync {
   private readonly logger: Logger;
   private readonly network: INetwork;
   private readonly chain: IBeaconChain;
+  private readonly db: IBeaconDb;
   private readonly metrics: Metrics | null;
   private readonly opts: SyncOptions;
 
@@ -30,10 +35,11 @@ export class BeaconSync implements IBeaconSync {
   private readonly slotImportTolerance: Slot;
 
   constructor(opts: SyncOptions, modules: SyncModules) {
-    const {config, chain, metrics, network, logger} = modules;
+    const {config, chain, db, metrics, network, logger} = modules;
     this.opts = opts;
     this.network = network;
     this.chain = chain;
+    this.db = db;
     this.metrics = metrics;
     this.logger = logger;
     this.rangeSync = new RangeSync(modules, opts);
@@ -192,6 +198,11 @@ export class BeaconSync implements IBeaconSync {
    */
   private addPeer = (data: NetworkEventData[NetworkEvent.peerConnected]): void => {
     const localStatus = this.chain.getStatus();
+    // Genesis and equal finalized epochs are already checked by assertPeerRelevance in the network worker
+    if (data.status.finalizedEpoch > GENESIS_EPOCH && data.status.finalizedEpoch < localStatus.finalizedEpoch) {
+      void this.verifyPastFinalizedCheckpoint(data.peer, data.status);
+    }
+
     const syncType = getPeerSyncType(localStatus, data.status, this.chain.forkChoice, this.slotImportTolerance);
     this.logger.verbose("Peer sync type classified", {
       peer: data.peer,
@@ -216,6 +227,56 @@ export class BeaconSync implements IBeaconSync {
     this.updateSyncState();
   };
 
+  /**
+   * A behind peer's finalized checkpoint must be the canonical block in effect at the start slot of its epoch
+   */
+  async verifyPastFinalizedCheckpoint(peer: PeerIdStr, remote: Status): Promise<void> {
+    const startSlot = computeStartSlotAtEpoch(remote.finalizedEpoch);
+    const root = toRootHex(remote.finalizedRoot);
+    try {
+      let reason: string | null = null;
+      // After a finality jump, finalized blocks stay in fork choice until the archiver migrates them.
+      // Fork choice is pruned only after archiving, so a miss here means the db already has this range.
+      const canonicalBlock = this.chain.forkChoice.getCanonicalBlockClosestLteSlot(startSlot);
+      if (canonicalBlock !== null) {
+        if (canonicalBlock.blockRoot === root) return;
+        reason = "finalized_root_not_canonical";
+      } else {
+        const slot = await this.db.blockArchive.getSlotByRoot(remote.finalizedRoot);
+        if (slot !== null && slot > startSlot) {
+          reason = "finalized_root_after_epoch_start";
+        } else if (slot !== startSlot) {
+          const childSlot = await this.db.blockArchive.getSlotByParentRoot(remote.finalizedRoot);
+          if (childSlot !== null) {
+            if (childSlot <= startSlot) reason = "finalized_root_not_in_effect_at_epoch_start";
+          } else if (slot === null && startSlot > this.chain.earliestAvailableSlot) {
+            // childSlot == null too, neither the root nor a child is canonical
+            // or they are canonical and both pruned but peer's finalized epoch starts after earliestAvailableSlot
+            reason = "unknown_finalized_root";
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (reason !== null) {
+        this.logger.debug("Peer finalized checkpoint not in our chain", {
+          peer,
+          finalizedEpoch: remote.finalizedEpoch,
+          root,
+          reason,
+        });
+        this.metrics?.syncPeerFinalizedCheckpointMismatch.inc({reason});
+        this.network.reportPeer(peer, PeerAction.Fatal, "PeerFinalizedCheckpointMismatch");
+        await this.network.goodbyeAndDisconnect(peer, GoodByeReasonCode.IRRELEVANT_NETWORK);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      this.logger.debug(
+        "Error verifying peer finalized checkpoint",
+        {peer, finalizedEpoch: remote.finalizedEpoch, root},
+        e as Error
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Must be called by libp2p when a peer is removed from the peer manager
    */

package/src/util/file.ts

@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
-import fs from "node:fs";
-import {promisify} from "node:util";
+import {readFile as fsReadFile, mkdir, readdir, stat, unlink, writeFile} from "node:fs/promises";
 
 /** Ensure a directory exists */
 export async function ensureDir(path: string): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    await promisify(fs.stat)(path);
+    await stat(path);
   } catch (_) {
     // not exists
-    await promisify(fs.mkdir)(path, {recursive: true});
+    await mkdir(path, {recursive: true});
   }
 }
 
 /** Write data to a file if it does not exist */
 export async function writeIfNotExist(filepath: string, bytes: Uint8Array): Promise<boolean> {
   try {
-    await promisify(fs.stat)(filepath);
+    await stat(filepath);
     return false;
     // file exists, do nothing
   } catch (_) {
     // not exists
-    await promisify(fs.writeFile)(filepath, bytes);
+    await writeFile(filepath, bytes);
     return true;
   }
 }
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ export async function writeIfNotExist(filepath: string, bytes: Uint8Array): Prom
 /** Remove a file if it exists */
 export async function removeFile(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
   try {
-    await promisify(fs.unlink)(path);
+    await unlink(path);
     return true;
   } catch (_) {
     // may not exists
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ export async function removeFile(path: string): Promise<boolean> {
 
 export async function readFile(path: string): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
   try {
-    return await fs.promises.readFile(path);
+    return await fsReadFile(path);
   } catch (_) {
     return null;
   }
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ export async function readFile(path: string): Promise<Uint8Array | null> {
 
 export async function readFileNames(folderPath: string): Promise<string[]> {
   try {
-    return await fs.promises.readdir(folderPath);
+    return await readdir(folderPath);
   } catch (_) {
     return [];
   }

package/src/util/sszBytes.ts

@@ -652,6 +652,46 @@ export function getBeaconBlockRootFromExecutionPayloadEnvelopeSerialized(data: U
   return "0x" + blockRootBuf.toString("hex");
 }
 
+// transactions offset within ExecutionPayload fixed portion, see SLOT_NUMBER_OFFSET_IN_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD:
+// everything up to and including blockHash(32) = 504, followed by withdrawals_offset(4)
+const PAYLOAD_START_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE =
+  ENVELOPE_START_IN_SIGNED + EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE_FIXED_SIZE; // 180
+const TRANSACTIONS_OFFSET_POSITION_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE =
+  PAYLOAD_START_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE + 504; // 684
+const WITHDRAWALS_OFFSET_POSITION_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE =
+  TRANSACTIONS_OFFSET_POSITION_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE + 4; // 688
+
+/**
+ * Transaction count of the payload, read from the SSZ offsets without deserializing the envelope.
+ * Returns null on malformed offsets, deserialization reports the exact error.
+ */
+export function getTransactionCountFromExecutionPayloadEnvelopeSerialized(data: Uint8Array): number | null {
+  if (data.length < WITHDRAWALS_OFFSET_POSITION_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE + 4) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const view = new DataView(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength);
+  const transactionsOffset = view.getUint32(TRANSACTIONS_OFFSET_POSITION_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE, true);
+  const withdrawalsOffset = view.getUint32(WITHDRAWALS_OFFSET_POSITION_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE, true);
+  if (transactionsOffset > withdrawalsOffset) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (transactionsOffset === withdrawalsOffset) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  const transactionsStart = PAYLOAD_START_IN_SIGNED_EXECUTION_PAYLOAD_ENVELOPE + transactionsOffset;
+  if (transactionsStart + 4 > data.length) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  // first offset of a non-empty list is the size of its offset table, 4 bytes per element
+  const firstTransactionOffset = view.getUint32(transactionsStart, true);
+  if (firstTransactionOffset % 4 !== 0 || firstTransactionOffset > withdrawalsOffset - transactionsOffset) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return firstTransactionOffset / 4;
+}
+
 /**
  * BeaconState of all forks (up until Electra, check with new forks)
  * class BeaconState(Container):