@lobu/gateway 2.8.0 → 3.0.6

package/src/auth/mcp/proxy.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@
+import dns from "node:dns/promises";
+import { createLogger, verifyWorkerToken } from "@lobu/core";
+import type { Context } from "hono";
+import { Hono } from "hono";
+import type { IMessageQueue } from "../../infrastructure/queue";
+import { requiresToolApproval } from "../../permissions/approval-policy";
+import type { GrantStore } from "../../permissions/grant-store";
+import {
+  getStoredCredential,
+  refreshCredential,
+  tryCompletePendingDeviceAuth,
+} from "../../routes/internal/device-auth";
+import type { CachedMcpServer, McpTool, McpToolCache } from "./tool-cache";
+
+const logger = createLogger("mcp-proxy");
+
+const MAX_BODY_SIZE = 1024 * 1024; // 1MB
+
+/**
+ * Check whether a resolved IP address belongs to a reserved/internal range.
+ */
+function isReservedIp(ip: string): boolean {
+  // IPv6 loopback
+  if (ip === "::1") return true;
+
+  // IPv6 unique local (fc00::/7)
+  if (/^f[cd]/i.test(ip)) return true;
+
+  // IPv4
+  const parts = ip.split(".").map(Number);
+  if (parts.length === 4) {
+    const [a, b] = parts as [number, number, number, number];
+    // 127.0.0.0/8
+    if (a === 127) return true;
+    // 10.0.0.0/8
+    if (a === 10) return true;
+    // 172.16.0.0/12
+    if (a === 172 && b >= 16 && b <= 31) return true;
+    // 192.168.0.0/16
+    if (a === 192 && b === 168) return true;
+    // 169.254.0.0/16 (link-local)
+    if (a === 169 && b === 254) return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a URL's hostname and check whether it points to an internal/reserved network.
+ */
+async function isInternalUrl(url: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  try {
+    const parsed = new URL(url);
+    const hostname = parsed.hostname;
+
+    // Check if hostname is already an IP literal
+    if (isReservedIp(hostname)) return true;
+
+    // Resolve hostname to IP addresses
+    const addresses = await dns.resolve4(hostname).catch(() => [] as string[]);
+    const addresses6 = await dns.resolve6(hostname).catch(() => [] as string[]);
+
+    for (const addr of [...addresses, ...addresses6]) {
+      if (isReservedIp(addr)) return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  } catch {
+    // If URL parsing fails, block it
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+interface JsonRpcResponse {
+  jsonrpc: string;
+  id: unknown;
+  result?: {
+    tools?: McpTool[];
+    content?: unknown[];
+    isError?: boolean;
+  };
+  error?: { code: number; message: string };
+}
+
+interface HttpMcpServerConfig {
+  id: string;
+  upstreamUrl: string;
+  oauth?: unknown;
+  inputs?: unknown[];
+  headers?: Record<string, string>;
+  loginUrl?: string;
+  resource?: string;
+}
+
+interface McpConfigSource {
+  getHttpServer(
+    id: string,
+    agentId?: string
+  ): Promise<HttpMcpServerConfig | undefined>;
+  getAllHttpServers(
+    agentId?: string
+  ): Promise<Map<string, HttpMcpServerConfig>>;
+}
+
+function authenticateRequest(
+  c: Context
+): { tokenData: any; token: string } | null {
+  const sessionToken = extractSessionToken(c);
+  if (!sessionToken) return null;
+
+  const tokenData = verifyWorkerToken(sessionToken);
+  if (!tokenData) return null;
+
+  return { tokenData, token: sessionToken };
+}
+
+function extractSessionToken(c: Context): string | null {
+  const authHeader = c.req.header("authorization");
+  if (authHeader?.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
+    return authHeader.substring(7);
+  }
+
+  const tokenFromQuery = c.req.query("workerToken");
+  if (typeof tokenFromQuery === "string") {
+    return tokenFromQuery;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+export class McpProxy {
+  private readonly SESSION_TTL_SECONDS = 30 * 60; // 30 minutes
+  private readonly redisClient: any;
+  private app: Hono;
+  private toolCache?: McpToolCache;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly configService: McpConfigSource,
+    queue: IMessageQueue,
+    toolCache?: McpToolCache,
+    private readonly grantStore?: GrantStore
+  ) {
+    this.redisClient = queue.getRedisClient();
+    this.toolCache = toolCache;
+    this.app = new Hono();
+    this.setupRoutes();
+    logger.debug("MCP proxy initialized");
+  }
+
+  getApp(): Hono {
+    return this.app;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this request is an MCP proxy request (has X-Mcp-Id header)
+   * Used by gateway to determine if root path requests should be handled by MCP proxy
+   */
+  isMcpRequest(c: Context): boolean {
+    return !!c.req.header("x-mcp-id");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetch tools and instructions for a specific MCP server.
+   * Performs MCP initialize handshake first to capture server instructions,
+   * then fetches tool list.
+   */
+  async fetchToolsForMcp(
+    mcpId: string,
+    agentId: string,
+    tokenData: any
+  ): Promise<{ tools: McpTool[]; instructions?: string }> {
+    if (this.toolCache) {
+      const cached = await this.toolCache.getServerInfo(mcpId, agentId);
+      if (cached) return cached;
+    }
+
+    const httpServer = await this.configService.getHttpServer(mcpId, agentId);
+    if (!httpServer) {
+      return { tools: [] };
+    }
+
+    const userId = tokenData?.userId;
+
+    try {
+      // Clear any stale session before fresh tool discovery
+      const sessionKey = `mcp:session:${agentId}:${mcpId}`;
+      await this.redisClient.del(sessionKey).catch(() => {
+        /* noop */
+      });
+
+      // Step 1: Send initialize to capture server instructions
+      let instructions: string | undefined;
+      try {
+        const initBody = JSON.stringify({
+          jsonrpc: "2.0",
+          method: "initialize",
+          params: {
+            protocolVersion: "2024-11-05",
+            capabilities: {},
+            clientInfo: { name: "lobu-gateway", version: "1.0.0" },
+          },
+          id: 0,
+        });
+
+        const initResponse = await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+          httpServer,
+          agentId,
+          mcpId,
+          "POST",
+          initBody,
+          userId
+        );
+
+        const initData = (await initResponse.json()) as {
+          result?: { instructions?: string };
+          error?: { code: number; message: string };
+        };
+
+        if (initData?.result?.instructions) {
+          instructions = initData.result.instructions;
+          logger.info("Captured MCP server instructions", {
+            mcpId,
+            length: instructions.length,
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Step 2: Send initialized notification (required by MCP spec)
+        const notifyBody = JSON.stringify({
+          jsonrpc: "2.0",
+          method: "notifications/initialized",
+        });
+        await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+          httpServer,
+          agentId,
+          mcpId,
+          "POST",
+          notifyBody,
+          userId
+        ).catch(() => {
+          /* noop */
+        });
+      } catch (initError) {
+        logger.warn("MCP initialize failed (continuing with tools/list)", {
+          mcpId,
+          error:
+            initError instanceof Error ? initError.message : String(initError),
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Step 3: Fetch tools list
+      const jsonRpcBody = JSON.stringify({
+        jsonrpc: "2.0",
+        method: "tools/list",
+        params: {},
+        id: 1,
+      });
+
+      const response = await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+        httpServer,
+        agentId,
+        mcpId,
+        "POST",
+        jsonRpcBody,
+        userId
+      );
+
+      const data = (await response.json()) as JsonRpcResponse;
+      const tools: McpTool[] = data?.result?.tools || [];
+
+      const serverInfo: CachedMcpServer = { tools, instructions };
+      if (this.toolCache && tools.length > 0) {
+        await this.toolCache.setServerInfo(mcpId, serverInfo, agentId);
+      }
+
+      return serverInfo;
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn("Failed to fetch tools for MCP, retrying once", {
+        mcpId,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      });
+
+      // Retry once after a short delay (upstream may still be starting)
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2000));
+      try {
+        const retryBody = JSON.stringify({
+          jsonrpc: "2.0",
+          method: "tools/list",
+          params: {},
+          id: 1,
+        });
+        const retryResponse = await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+          httpServer,
+          agentId,
+          mcpId,
+          "POST",
+          retryBody,
+          userId
+        );
+        const retryData = (await retryResponse.json()) as JsonRpcResponse;
+        const retryTools: McpTool[] = retryData?.result?.tools || [];
+        if (retryTools.length > 0) {
+          const serverInfo: CachedMcpServer = { tools: retryTools };
+          if (this.toolCache) {
+            await this.toolCache.setServerInfo(mcpId, serverInfo, agentId);
+          }
+          logger.info("Retry succeeded for MCP tool fetch", {
+            mcpId,
+            toolCount: retryTools.length,
+          });
+          return serverInfo;
+        }
+      } catch (retryError) {
+        logger.error("Retry also failed for MCP tool fetch", {
+          mcpId,
+          error:
+            retryError instanceof Error
+              ? retryError.message
+              : String(retryError),
+        });
+      }
+      return { tools: [] };
+    }
+  }
+
+  private setupRoutes() {
+    // REST API endpoints for curl-based tool access (registered BEFORE catch-all)
+    this.app.get("/tools", (c) => this.handleListAllTools(c));
+    this.app.get("/:mcpId/tools", (c) => this.handleListTools(c));
+    this.app.post("/:mcpId/tools/:toolName", (c) => this.handleCallTool(c));
+
+    // Legacy endpoints (if needed for other MCP transports)
+    this.app.all("/register", (c) => this.handleProxyRequest(c));
+    this.app.all("/message", (c) => this.handleProxyRequest(c));
+
+    // Path-based routes (for SSE or other transports)
+    this.app.all("/:mcpId", (c) => this.handleProxyRequest(c));
+    this.app.all("/:mcpId/*", (c) => this.handleProxyRequest(c));
+  }
+
+  private async handleListTools(c: Context): Promise<Response> {
+    const mcpId = c.req.param("mcpId");
+    if (!mcpId) return c.json({ error: "Missing MCP server id" }, 400);
+    const auth = authenticateRequest(c);
+    if (!auth) return c.json({ error: "Invalid authentication token" }, 401);
+
+    const agentId = auth.tokenData.agentId || auth.tokenData.userId;
+    const requesterUserId = auth.tokenData.userId;
+    if (!agentId || !requesterUserId) {
+      return c.json({ error: "Invalid authentication token" }, 401);
+    }
+    const httpServer = await this.configService.getHttpServer(mcpId, agentId);
+    if (!httpServer) {
+      return c.json({ error: `MCP server '${mcpId}' not found` }, 404);
+    }
+
+    // Check cache
+    if (this.toolCache) {
+      const cached = await this.toolCache.get(mcpId, agentId);
+      if (cached) return c.json({ tools: cached });
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const jsonRpcBody = JSON.stringify({
+        jsonrpc: "2.0",
+        method: "tools/list",
+        params: {},
+        id: 1,
+      });
+
+      const response = await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+        httpServer,
+        agentId,
+        mcpId,
+        "POST",
+        jsonRpcBody,
+        requesterUserId
+      );
+
+      const data = (await response.json()) as JsonRpcResponse;
+      if (data?.error) {
+        logger.error("Upstream returned JSON-RPC error", {
+          mcpId,
+          error: data.error,
+        });
+        return c.json({ error: data.error.message || "Upstream error" }, 502);
+      }
+
+      const tools: McpTool[] = data?.result?.tools || [];
+
+      // Cache result
+      if (this.toolCache && tools.length > 0) {
+        await this.toolCache.set(mcpId, tools, agentId);
+      }
+
+      return c.json({ tools });
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error("Failed to list tools", { mcpId, error });
+      return c.json(
+        {
+          error: `Failed to connect to MCP '${mcpId}': ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Unknown error"}`,
+        },
+        502
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async handleCallTool(c: Context): Promise<Response> {
+    const mcpId = c.req.param("mcpId");
+    const toolName = c.req.param("toolName");
+    if (!mcpId || !toolName) {
+      return c.json({ error: "Missing MCP server id or tool name" }, 400);
+    }
+    const auth = authenticateRequest(c);
+    if (!auth) return c.json({ error: "Invalid authentication token" }, 401);
+
+    const agentId = auth.tokenData.agentId || auth.tokenData.userId;
+    const requesterUserId = auth.tokenData.userId;
+    if (!agentId || !requesterUserId) {
+      return c.json({ error: "Invalid authentication token" }, 401);
+    }
+    const httpServer = await this.configService.getHttpServer(mcpId, agentId);
+    if (!httpServer) {
+      return c.json({ error: `MCP server '${mcpId}' not found` }, 404);
+    }
+
+    // Check tool approval based on annotations and grants.
+    if (this.grantStore) {
+      const { found, annotations } = await this.getToolAnnotations(
+        mcpId,
+        toolName,
+        agentId,
+        auth.tokenData
+      );
+      if (found && requiresToolApproval(annotations)) {
+        const pattern = `/mcp/${mcpId}/tools/${toolName}`;
+        const hasGrant = await this.grantStore.hasGrant(agentId, pattern);
+        if (!hasGrant) {
+          logger.info("Tool call blocked: requires approval", {
+            agentId,
+            mcpId,
+            toolName,
+            pattern,
+          });
+          return c.json(
+            {
+              content: [
+                {
+                  type: "text",
+                  text: `Tool call requires approval. Request access approval in chat for: ${mcpId} → ${toolName}`,
+                },
+              ],
+              isError: true,
+            },
+            403
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    let toolArguments: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    try {
+      const body = await c.req.text();
+      if (body) {
+        if (body.length > MAX_BODY_SIZE) {
+          return c.json({ error: "Request body too large" }, 413);
+        }
+        toolArguments = JSON.parse(body);
+      }
+    } catch {
+      return c.json({ error: "Invalid JSON body" }, 400);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const jsonRpcBody = JSON.stringify({
+        jsonrpc: "2.0",
+        method: "tools/call",
+        params: { name: toolName, arguments: toolArguments },
+        id: 1,
+      });
+
+      let response = await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+        httpServer,
+        agentId,
+        mcpId,
+        "POST",
+        jsonRpcBody,
+        requesterUserId
+      );
+
+      let data = (await response.json()) as JsonRpcResponse;
+
+      // Re-initialize session and retry on "Server not initialized"
+      if (data?.error && /not initialized/i.test(data.error.message || "")) {
+        logger.info("MCP session expired, re-initializing before retry", {
+          mcpId,
+          toolName,
+        });
+        await this.reinitializeSession(
+          httpServer,
+          agentId,
+          mcpId,
+          requesterUserId
+        );
+
+        response = await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+          httpServer,
+          agentId,
+          mcpId,
+          "POST",
+          jsonRpcBody,
+          requesterUserId
+        );
+        data = (await response.json()) as JsonRpcResponse;
+      }
+
+      if (data?.error) {
+        const errorMsg =
+          data.error.message ||
+          (typeof data.error === "string" ? data.error : "Upstream error");
+        logger.error("Upstream returned JSON-RPC error on tool call", {
+          mcpId,
+          toolName,
+          error: data.error,
+        });
+
+        // Detect auth errors — auto-start device-code auth flow
+        if (/unauthorized|unauthenticated|forbidden/i.test(errorMsg)) {
+          const autoAuthResult = await this.tryAutoDeviceAuth(
+            mcpId,
+            agentId,
+            requesterUserId
+          );
+          if (autoAuthResult) {
+            return c.json(
+              {
+                content: [
+                  {
+                    type: "text",
+                    text: autoAuthResult,
+                  },
+                ],
+                isError: true,
+              },
+              200
+            );
+          }
+          return c.json(
+            {
+              content: [
+                {
+                  type: "text",
+                  text: `Authentication required for ${mcpId}. Call owletto_login to authenticate.`,
+                },
+              ],
+              isError: true,
+            },
+            200
+          );
+        }
+
+        return c.json(
+          {
+            content: [],
+            isError: true,
+            error: errorMsg,
+          },
+          502
+        );
+      }
+
+      const result = data?.result || {};
+      return c.json({
+        content: result.content || [],
+        isError: result.isError || false,
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error("Failed to call tool", { mcpId, toolName, error });
+      return c.json(
+        {
+          content: [],
+          isError: true,
+          error: `Failed to connect to MCP '${mcpId}': ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Unknown error"}`,
+        },
+        502
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async handleListAllTools(c: Context): Promise<Response> {
+    const auth = authenticateRequest(c);
+    if (!auth) return c.json({ error: "Invalid authentication token" }, 401);
+
+    const agentId = auth.tokenData.agentId || auth.tokenData.userId;
+
+    const allHttpServers = await this.configService.getAllHttpServers(agentId);
+    const allMcpIds = Array.from(allHttpServers.keys());
+
+    const mcpServers: Record<string, { tools: McpTool[] }> = {};
+
+    // Fetch tools in parallel, tolerate failures
+    const results = await Promise.allSettled(
+      allMcpIds.map(async (mcpId) => {
+        const { tools } = await this.fetchToolsForMcp(
+          mcpId,
+          agentId,
+          auth.tokenData
+        );
+        return { mcpId, tools };
+      })
+    );
+
+    for (const result of results) {
+      if (result.status === "fulfilled" && result.value.tools.length > 0) {
+        mcpServers[result.value.mcpId] = { tools: result.value.tools };
+      }
+    }
+
+    return c.json({ mcpServers });
+  }
+
+  private async handleProxyRequest(c: Context): Promise<Response> {
+    const mcpId = c.req.param("mcpId") || c.req.header("x-mcp-id");
+    const sessionToken = extractSessionToken(c);
+
+    logger.info("Handling MCP proxy request", {
+      method: c.req.method,
+      path: c.req.path,
+      mcpId,
+      hasSessionToken: !!sessionToken,
+    });
+
+    if (!mcpId) {
+      return this.sendJsonRpcError(c, -32600, "Missing MCP ID");
+    }
+
+    if (!sessionToken) {
+      return this.sendJsonRpcError(c, -32600, "Missing authentication token");
+    }
+
+    const tokenData = verifyWorkerToken(sessionToken);
+    if (!tokenData) {
+      return this.sendJsonRpcError(c, -32600, "Invalid authentication token");
+    }
+
+    const agentId = tokenData.agentId || tokenData.userId;
+    const httpServer = await this.configService.getHttpServer(mcpId!, agentId);
+
+    if (!httpServer) {
+      return this.sendJsonRpcError(
+        c,
+        -32601,
+        `MCP server '${mcpId}' not found`
+      );
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return await this.forwardRequest(
+        c,
+        httpServer,
+        agentId,
+        mcpId!,
+        tokenData.userId
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error("Failed to proxy MCP request", { error, mcpId });
+      return this.sendJsonRpcError(
+        c,
+        -32603,
+        `Failed to connect to MCP '${mcpId}': ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Unknown error"}`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async getToolAnnotations(
+    mcpId: string,
+    toolName: string,
+    agentId: string,
+    tokenData: any
+  ): Promise<{ found: boolean; annotations?: McpTool["annotations"] }> {
+    let tools: McpTool[] | null = null;
+    if (this.toolCache) {
+      tools = await this.toolCache.get(mcpId, agentId);
+    }
+
+    if (!tools) {
+      const result = await this.fetchToolsForMcp(mcpId, agentId, tokenData);
+      tools = result.tools;
+    }
+
+    if (tools.length === 0) {
+      return { found: false };
+    }
+
+    const tool = tools.find((t) => t.name === toolName);
+    return { found: true, annotations: tool?.annotations };
+  }
+
+  private buildUpstreamHeaders(
+    sessionId: string | null,
+    configHeaders?: Record<string, string>,
+    credentialToken?: string
+  ): Record<string, string> {
+    const headers: Record<string, string> = {
+      "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      Accept: "application/json",
+    };
+
+    // Merge custom headers from server config (e.g. static auth tokens)
+    if (configHeaders) {
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(configHeaders)) {
+        headers[key] = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Per-user credential takes precedence over config headers for Authorization
+    if (credentialToken) {
+      headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${credentialToken}`;
+    }
+
+    if (sessionId) {
+      headers["Mcp-Session-Id"] = sessionId;
+    }
+
+    return headers;
+  }
+
+  private async resolveCredentialToken(
+    agentId: string,
+    userId: string,
+    mcpId: string
+  ): Promise<string | null> {
+    const credential = await getStoredCredential(
+      this.redisClient,
+      agentId,
+      userId,
+      mcpId
+    );
+    if (!credential) {
+      // No stored credential — check if there's a pending device-auth to complete
+      return tryCompletePendingDeviceAuth(
+        this.redisClient,
+        agentId,
+        userId,
+        mcpId
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Check if token is still valid (5 minute buffer)
+    if (credential.expiresAt > Date.now() + 5 * 60 * 1000) {
+      return credential.accessToken;
+    }
+
+    // Token expired or expiring soon — refresh
+    const refreshed = await refreshCredential(
+      this.redisClient,
+      agentId,
+      userId,
+      mcpId,
+      credential
+    );
+    return refreshed?.accessToken ?? null;
+  }
+
+  private async sendUpstreamRequest(
+    httpServer: HttpMcpServerConfig,
+    agentId: string,
+    mcpId: string,
+    method: string,
+    body?: string,
+    userId?: string
+  ): Promise<Response> {
+    const sessionKey = `mcp:session:${agentId}:${mcpId}`;
+    const sessionId = await this.getSession(sessionKey);
+
+    // Look up per-user credential for this MCP
+    let credentialToken: string | undefined;
+    if (userId) {
+      const token = await this.resolveCredentialToken(agentId, userId, mcpId);
+      if (token) credentialToken = token;
+    }
+
+    // SSRF protection: block requests to internal networks
+    if (await isInternalUrl(httpServer.upstreamUrl)) {
+      logger.warn("Blocked SSRF attempt to internal URL", {
+        url: httpServer.upstreamUrl,
+        mcpId,
+        agentId,
+      });
+      return new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          jsonrpc: "2.0",
+          id: null,
+          error: {
+            code: -32600,
+            message: "Upstream URL resolves to a blocked internal network",
+          },
+        }),
+        { status: 403, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+      );
+    }
+
+    const headers = this.buildUpstreamHeaders(
+      sessionId,
+      httpServer.headers,
+      credentialToken
+    );
+
+    const response = await fetch(httpServer.upstreamUrl, {
+      method,
+      headers,
+      body: body || undefined,
+    });
+
+    // Track session
+    const newSessionId = response.headers.get("Mcp-Session-Id");
+    if (newSessionId) {
+      await this.setSession(sessionKey, newSessionId);
+    }
+
+    return response;
+  }
+
+  private async forwardRequest(
+    c: Context,
+    httpServer: HttpMcpServerConfig,
+    agentId: string,
+    mcpId: string,
+    userId?: string
+  ): Promise<Response> {
+    // SSRF protection: block requests to internal networks
+    if (await isInternalUrl(httpServer.upstreamUrl)) {
+      logger.warn("Blocked SSRF attempt to internal URL", {
+        url: httpServer.upstreamUrl,
+        mcpId,
+        agentId,
+      });
+      return this.sendJsonRpcError(
+        c,
+        -32600,
+        "Upstream URL resolves to a blocked internal network"
+      );
+    }
+
+    const sessionKey = `mcp:session:${agentId}:${mcpId}`;
+    let sessionId = await this.getSession(sessionKey);
+
+    const bodyText = await this.getRequestBodyAsText(c);
+
+    // Body size validation
+    if (bodyText.length > MAX_BODY_SIZE) {
+      logger.warn("Request body too large", {
+        mcpId,
+        agentId,
+        size: bodyText.length,
+      });
+      return new Response("Request body too large", { status: 413 });
+    }
+
+    // If no active session exists, re-initialize before forwarding
+    if (!sessionId && c.req.method === "POST") {
+      try {
+        await this.reinitializeSession(httpServer, agentId, mcpId, userId);
+        sessionId = await this.getSession(sessionKey);
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn("Pre-emptive MCP re-initialization failed", {
+          mcpId,
+          error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.info("Proxying MCP request", {
+      mcpId,
+      agentId,
+      method: c.req.method,
+      hasSession: !!sessionId,
+      bodyLength: bodyText.length,
+    });
+
+    // Look up per-user credential for this MCP
+    let credentialToken: string | undefined;
+    if (userId) {
+      const token = await this.resolveCredentialToken(agentId, userId, mcpId);
+      if (token) credentialToken = token;
+    }
+
+    const headers = this.buildUpstreamHeaders(
+      sessionId,
+      httpServer.headers,
+      credentialToken
+    );
+
+    const response = await fetch(httpServer.upstreamUrl, {
+      method: c.req.method,
+      headers,
+      body: bodyText || undefined,
+    });
+
+    const newSessionId = response.headers.get("Mcp-Session-Id");
+    if (newSessionId) {
+      await this.setSession(sessionKey, newSessionId);
+      logger.debug("Stored MCP session ID", {
+        mcpId,
+        agentId,
+        sessionId: newSessionId,
+      });
+    }
+
+    const responseHeaders = new Headers();
+    const contentType = response.headers.get("content-type");
+    if (contentType) {
+      responseHeaders.set("Content-Type", contentType);
+    }
+    if (newSessionId) {
+      responseHeaders.set("Mcp-Session-Id", newSessionId);
+    }
+
+    return new Response(response.body, {
+      status: response.status,
+      headers: responseHeaders,
+    });
+  }
+
+  private async getRequestBodyAsText(c: Context): Promise<string> {
+    if (c.req.method === "GET" || c.req.method === "HEAD") {
+      return "";
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return await c.req.text();
+    } catch {
+      return "";
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Re-initialize an MCP session by sending initialize + notifications/initialized.
+   * Called when upstream returns "Server not initialized" (stale session).
+   */
+  private async reinitializeSession(
+    httpServer: HttpMcpServerConfig,
+    agentId: string,
+    mcpId: string,
+    userId?: string
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    // Clear stale session
+    const sessionKey = `mcp:session:${agentId}:${mcpId}`;
+    await this.redisClient.del(sessionKey).catch(() => {
+      /* noop */
+    });
+
+    // Send initialize
+    const initBody = JSON.stringify({
+      jsonrpc: "2.0",
+      method: "initialize",
+      params: {
+        protocolVersion: "2024-11-05",
+        capabilities: {},
+        clientInfo: { name: "lobu-gateway", version: "1.0.0" },
+      },
+      id: 0,
+    });
+
+    const initResponse = await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+      httpServer,
+      agentId,
+      mcpId,
+      "POST",
+      initBody,
+      userId
+    );
+
+    await initResponse.json(); // consume response
+
+    // Send notifications/initialized
+    const notifyBody = JSON.stringify({
+      jsonrpc: "2.0",
+      method: "notifications/initialized",
+    });
+    await this.sendUpstreamRequest(
+      httpServer,
+      agentId,
+      mcpId,
+      "POST",
+      notifyBody,
+      userId
+    ).catch(() => {
+      /* noop */
+    });
+
+    logger.info("Re-initialized MCP session", { mcpId, agentId });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Auto-start device-code auth when an MCP upstream returns an auth error.
+   * Returns a user-facing message with the verification URL, or null on failure.
+   */
+  private async tryAutoDeviceAuth(
+    mcpId: string,
+    agentId: string,
+    userId: string
+  ): Promise<string | null> {
+    try {
+      const { startDeviceAuth } = await import(
+        "../../routes/internal/device-auth"
+      );
+
+      // Check if a device auth flow is already pending (avoid duplicate starts)
+      const pendingKey = `device-auth:${agentId}:${userId}:${mcpId}`;
+      const pending = await this.redisClient.get(pendingKey);
+      if (pending) {
+        // Return the existing pending flow's info instead of starting a new one
+        return JSON.stringify({
+          status: "login_required",
+          message:
+            "Authentication is required. A login flow is already in progress. STOP calling tools and tell the user to complete login in their browser. Do NOT retry this tool call.",
+          note: "Do NOT call any owletto tools until the user completes login.",
+        });
+      }
+
+      const result = await startDeviceAuth(
+        this.redisClient,
+        this.configService as any,
+        mcpId,
+        agentId,
+        userId
+      );
+      if (!result) return null;
+      const url = result.verificationUriComplete || result.verificationUri;
+      return JSON.stringify({
+        status: "login_required",
+        message:
+          "Authentication is required. STOP calling tools and show the user this login link and code. Do NOT retry this tool call — wait for the user to complete login first.",
+        verification_url: url,
+        user_code: result.userCode,
+        expires_in_seconds: result.expiresIn,
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.warn("Auto device-auth failed", {
+        mcpId,
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      });
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async getSession(key: string): Promise<string | null> {
+    try {
+      const sessionId = await this.redisClient.get(key);
+      if (sessionId) {
+        await this.redisClient.expire(key, this.SESSION_TTL_SECONDS);
+      }
+      return sessionId;
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error("Failed to get MCP session from Redis", { key, error });
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async setSession(key: string, sessionId: string): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      await this.redisClient.set(
+        key,
+        sessionId,
+        "EX",
+        this.SESSION_TTL_SECONDS
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error("Failed to store MCP session in Redis", { key, error });
+    }
+  }
+
+  private sendJsonRpcError(
+    c: Context,
+    code: number,
+    message: string,
+    id: any = null
+  ): Response {
+    return c.json(
+      {
+        jsonrpc: "2.0",
+        id,
+        error: { code, message },
+      },
+      200
+    );
+  }
+}