@loaders.gl/tiles 5.0.0-alpha.11 → 5.0.0-alpha.13

package/src/mlt/lib/parse-mlt.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,906 @@
+// loaders.gl
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) vis.gl contributors
+
+import * as arrow from 'apache-arrow';
+import type {
+  ArrowTable,
+  Feature,
+  GeoJSONTable,
+  BinaryFeatureCollection,
+  Field,
+  Schema,
+  GeoParquetGeometryType
+} from '@loaders.gl/core/schema';
+import {convertGeojsonToBinaryFeatureCollection as geojsonToBinary} from '@loaders.gl/arrow-geometry/legacy-binary';
+import {
+  makeWKBGeometryField,
+  setWKBGeometrySchemaMetadata
+} from '@loaders.gl/arrow-geometry/geometry-field';
+import {makeWKBGeometryDataFromWriters} from '@loaders.gl/arrow-geometry/wkb-arrow-utils';
+import {
+  GeoArrowBuilder,
+  type GeoArrowBuilderDimension,
+  type GeoArrowBuilderEncoding,
+  type WKBGeometryWriter
+} from '@loaders.gl/arrow-geometry';
+import {
+  ArrowTableBuilder,
+  convertArrowToSchema,
+  convertSchemaToArrow,
+  getDataTypeFromArray
+} from '@loaders.gl/core/schema-utils';
+import type {Feature as MLTFeature} from '@maplibre/mlt';
+import * as maplibreMLT from '@maplibre/mlt';
+
+import type {MLTLoaderOptions} from '../mlt-loader';
+import {MLT_DEFAULT_OPTIONS} from '../mlt-loader';
+
+type DecodeTile = (
+  tile: Uint8Array,
+  geometryScaling?: undefined,
+  idWithinMaxSafeInteger?: boolean
+) => any;
+
+const decodeTile = (() => {
+  const mltModule = maplibreMLT as unknown as {
+    decodeTile?: DecodeTile;
+    default?: {decodeTile?: DecodeTile};
+  };
+  const decodedTile = mltModule.decodeTile ?? mltModule.default?.decodeTile;
+  if (!decodedTile) {
+    throw new Error('MLT Loader: decodeTile export missing from @maplibre/mlt');
+  }
+  // The upstream Float64 ID fast path does not expand nullable LongId values.
+  // Its full integer path preserves null positions and exact IDs.
+  return (tile: Uint8Array) => decodedTile(tile, undefined, false);
+})();
+
+type MLTOptions = Required<MLTLoaderOptions>['mlt'];
+const GEOMETRY_TYPE = ((): Record<string, number> => {
+  const mltModule = maplibreMLT as unknown as {
+    GEOMETRY_TYPE?: {[name: string]: number};
+    default?: {GEOMETRY_TYPE?: {[name: string]: number}};
+  };
+  return (
+    mltModule.GEOMETRY_TYPE ||
+    mltModule.default?.GEOMETRY_TYPE || {
+      POINT: 0,
+      LINESTRING: 1,
+      POLYGON: 2,
+      MULTIPOINT: 3,
+      MULTILINESTRING: 4,
+      MULTIPOLYGON: 5
+    }
+  );
+})();
+
+type MLTFeatureTable = {
+  name?: string;
+  extent?: number;
+  numFeatures?: number;
+  geometryVector?: MLTGeometryVector;
+  propertyVectors?: MLTPropertyVector[];
+  getFeatures?: () => MLTFeature[];
+  features?: MLTFeature[];
+  [Symbol.iterator]?: () => IterableIterator<MLTFeature>;
+};
+
+type MLTPoint = {x: number; y: number};
+
+type MLTGeometry = {
+  type: number;
+  coordinates: Array<Array<MLTPoint>>;
+  extent: number;
+};
+
+type MLTGeometryVector = {
+  numGeometries: number;
+  geometryType: (index: number) => number;
+  getGeometries: () => Array<Array<Array<MLTPoint>>>;
+};
+
+type MLTPropertyVector = {
+  name: string;
+  getValue: (index: number) => unknown;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse an MLT ArrayBuffer and return GeoJSON table or binary geometry data.
+ *
+ * @param arrayBuffer An MLT tile as an ArrayBuffer
+ * @param options
+ * @returns GeoJSON table or binary feature collection
+ */
+export function parseMLT(
+  arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer,
+  options?: MLTLoaderOptions
+): GeoJSONTable | BinaryFeatureCollection | ArrowTable {
+  const mltOptions = checkOptions(options);
+
+  const shape = mltOptions.shape;
+  switch (shape) {
+    case 'geojson-table': {
+      const table: GeoJSONTable = {
+        shape: 'geojson-table',
+        type: 'FeatureCollection',
+        features: parseToGeojsonFeatures(arrayBuffer, mltOptions)
+      };
+      return table;
+    }
+    case 'binary-geometry': {
+      const geojsonFeatures = parseToGeojsonFeatures(arrayBuffer, mltOptions);
+      const binaryData = geojsonToBinary(geojsonFeatures);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      binaryData.byteLength = arrayBuffer.byteLength;
+      return binaryData;
+    }
+    case 'arrow-table':
+      return parseToArrowTable(arrayBuffer, mltOptions);
+    default:
+      throw new Error(shape || 'undefined shape');
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode an MLT tile directly into an Arrow table.
+ *
+ * MLT's decoder already exposes column vectors and a geometry vector. Building Arrow from those
+ * vectors avoids materializing GeoJSON features and then decoding the same geometry a second time.
+ */
+function parseToArrowTable(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer, options: MLTOptions): ArrowTable {
+  if (arrayBuffer.byteLength <= 0) {
+    return makeWKBArrowTable([], [], []);
+  }
+
+  const tile = new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer);
+  const featureTables = getFeatureTables(decodeTile(tile));
+  const selectedLayers =
+    options.layers && options.layers.length > 0
+      ? options.layers
+      : (featureTables.map(ft => ft.name).filter(Boolean) as string[]);
+  const propertyRows: Record<string, unknown>[] = [];
+  const geometryWriters: (WKBGeometryWriter | null)[] = [];
+  const geometries: MLTGeometry[] = [];
+
+  for (const featureTable of featureTables) {
+    const layerName = featureTable.name;
+    if (!layerName || !selectedLayers.includes(layerName)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const geometryVector = featureTable.geometryVector;
+    if (!geometryVector) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const tableGeometries = geometryVector.getGeometries();
+    const featureCount = Math.min(geometryVector.numGeometries, tableGeometries.length);
+    const propertyVectors = featureTable.propertyVectors || [];
+    const extent = featureTable.extent ?? 4096;
+
+    for (let featureIndex = 0; featureIndex < featureCount; featureIndex++) {
+      const geometry: MLTGeometry = {
+        type: geometryVector.geometryType(featureIndex),
+        coordinates: tableGeometries[featureIndex],
+        extent
+      };
+      const properties: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+      for (const propertyVector of propertyVectors) {
+        properties[propertyVector.name] = normalizePropertyValue(
+          propertyVector.getValue(featureIndex)
+        );
+      }
+      if (options.layerProperty) {
+        properties[options.layerProperty] = layerName;
+      }
+
+      propertyRows.push(properties);
+      geometries.push(geometry);
+      geometryWriters.push(createWKBGeometryWriter(geometry, options, extent));
+    }
+  }
+
+  const encodingPreference = options.geoarrow?.encodingPreference;
+  if (encodingPreference && encodingPreference !== 'geoarrow.wkb') {
+    return makeNativeArrowTable(propertyRows, geometries, options, encodingPreference);
+  }
+  return makeWKBArrowTable(propertyRows, geometryWriters, geometries);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a WKB Arrow table from decoded MLT property values and geometry writers.
+ */
+function makeWKBArrowTable(
+  propertyRows: Record<string, unknown>[],
+  geometryWriters: (WKBGeometryWriter | null)[],
+  geometries: MLTGeometry[]
+): ArrowTable {
+  const propertySchema = getPropertySchema(propertyRows);
+  const schema: Schema = {
+    fields: [...propertySchema.fields, makeWKBGeometryField('geometry')],
+    metadata: {...(propertySchema.metadata || {})}
+  };
+  setWKBGeometrySchemaMetadata(schema, {
+    geometryColumnName: 'geometry',
+    geometryTypes: [
+      ...new Set(geometries.map(geometry => geometryTypeToGeoJSONType(geometry.type)))
+    ]
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .map(type => type as GeoParquetGeometryType)
+  });
+
+  const propertyBuilder = new ArrowTableBuilder(propertySchema);
+  for (const propertyRow of propertyRows) {
+    propertyBuilder.addObjectRow(propertyRow);
+  }
+  const propertyData = propertyBuilder.finishTable().data;
+  const propertyBatch = propertyData.batches[0];
+  const geometryData = makeWKBGeometryDataFromWriters(geometryWriters);
+  const arrowSchema = convertSchemaToArrow(schema);
+  const children = [...(propertyBatch?.data.children || []), geometryData];
+  const structData = arrow.makeData({
+    type: new arrow.Struct(arrowSchema.fields),
+    length: propertyRows.length,
+    nullCount: 0,
+    children
+  } as any);
+
+  return {
+    shape: 'arrow-table',
+    schema,
+    data: new arrow.Table(new arrow.RecordBatch(arrowSchema, structData as any))
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a native GeoArrow table from decoded MLT geometry and property vectors.
+ */
+function makeNativeArrowTable(
+  propertyRows: Record<string, unknown>[],
+  geometries: MLTGeometry[],
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  encodingPreference: Exclude<
+    NonNullable<MLTOptions['geoarrow']>['encodingPreference'],
+    'geoarrow.wkb'
+  >
+): ArrowTable {
+  const dimension: GeoArrowBuilderDimension = 'xy';
+  const encoding = selectGeoArrowEncoding(geometries, encodingPreference);
+  const geometryVector =
+    encoding === 'geoarrow.geometry'
+      ? makeGeoArrowUnionVector(geometries, options, dimension)
+      : makeGeoArrowVector(geometries, encoding, options, dimension);
+  const propertySchema = getPropertySchema(propertyRows);
+  const propertyTableBuilder = new ArrowTableBuilder(propertySchema);
+  for (const propertyRow of propertyRows) {
+    propertyTableBuilder.addObjectRow(propertyRow);
+  }
+  const propertyBatch = propertyTableBuilder.finishTable().data.batches[0];
+  const propertyArrowSchema = convertSchemaToArrow(propertySchema);
+  const geometryTypes = [
+    ...new Set(geometries.map(geometry => geometryTypeToGeoJSONType(geometry.type)))
+  ]
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .map(type => type as GeoParquetGeometryType);
+  const geometryField = new arrow.Field(
+    'geometry',
+    geometryVector.type,
+    true,
+    new Map([
+      ['ARROW:extension:name', encoding],
+      ['ARROW:extension:metadata', JSON.stringify({encoding, geometry_types: geometryTypes})]
+    ])
+  );
+  const fields = [...propertyArrowSchema.fields, geometryField];
+  const metadata = new Map(propertyArrowSchema.metadata || []);
+  metadata.set(
+    'geo',
+    JSON.stringify({
+      version: '1.1.0',
+      primary_column: 'geometry',
+      columns: {geometry: {encoding, geometry_types: geometryTypes}}
+    })
+  );
+  const arrowSchema = new arrow.Schema(fields, metadata);
+  const children = [...(propertyBatch?.data.children || []), geometryVector.data[0]];
+  const structData = arrow.makeData({
+    type: new arrow.Struct(fields),
+    length: propertyRows.length,
+    nullCount: 0,
+    children
+  } as any);
+  return {
+    shape: 'arrow-table',
+    schema: convertArrowToSchema(arrowSchema),
+    data: new arrow.Table(new arrow.RecordBatch(arrowSchema, structData as any))
+  };
+}
+
+/** Selects a concrete GeoArrow encoding or the mixed-geometry union encoding. */
+function selectGeoArrowEncoding(
+  geometries: MLTGeometry[],
+  preference: Exclude<NonNullable<MLTOptions['geoarrow']>['encodingPreference'], 'geoarrow.wkb'>
+): GeoArrowBuilderEncoding | 'geoarrow.geometry' {
+  const geometryTypes = new Set(
+    geometries.map(geometry => geometryTypeToGeoJSONType(geometry.type))
+  );
+  if (preference === 'geoarrow.geometry' || geometryTypes.size === 0) {
+    return 'geoarrow.geometry';
+  }
+  if (geometryTypes.size === 1) {
+    return getNativeGeoArrowEncoding([...geometryTypes][0]);
+  }
+  if (geometryTypes.size === 2) {
+    if (geometryTypes.has('Point') && geometryTypes.has('MultiPoint')) {
+      return 'geoarrow.multipoint';
+    }
+    if (geometryTypes.has('LineString') && geometryTypes.has('MultiLineString')) {
+      return 'geoarrow.multilinestring';
+    }
+    if (geometryTypes.has('Polygon') && geometryTypes.has('MultiPolygon')) {
+      return 'geoarrow.multipolygon';
+    }
+  }
+  return 'geoarrow.geometry';
+}
+
+/** Builds one concrete native GeoArrow vector from MLT geometries. */
+function makeGeoArrowVector(
+  geometries: MLTGeometry[],
+  encoding: GeoArrowBuilderEncoding,
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  dimension: GeoArrowBuilderDimension
+): arrow.Vector {
+  const writers = geometries.map(geometry =>
+    createGeoArrowGeometryWriter(geometry, encoding, options)
+  );
+  const geometryArray = GeoArrowBuilder.buildGeometryArray(writers, {encoding, dimension});
+  return arrow.makeVector(GeoArrowBuilder.makeGeometryData(geometryArray));
+}
+
+/** Builds a dense union GeoArrow vector for mixed geometry columns. */
+function makeGeoArrowUnionVector(
+  geometries: MLTGeometry[],
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  dimension: GeoArrowBuilderDimension
+): arrow.Vector {
+  const geometryGroups = new Map<string, MLTGeometry[]>();
+  const supportedGeometryTypes = [
+    'Point',
+    'LineString',
+    'Polygon',
+    'MultiPoint',
+    'MultiLineString',
+    'MultiPolygon'
+  ];
+  for (const geometryType of supportedGeometryTypes) {
+    geometryGroups.set(geometryType, []);
+  }
+  const typeIds: number[] = [];
+  const valueOffsets: number[] = [];
+  for (const geometry of geometries) {
+    const geometryType = geometryTypeToGeoJSONType(geometry.type) || 'Point';
+    const group = geometryGroups.get(geometryType) || [];
+    valueOffsets.push(group.length);
+    typeIds.push(getUnionTypeId(geometryType, dimension));
+    group.push(geometry);
+    geometryGroups.set(geometryType, group);
+  }
+
+  const orderedGeometryTypes = [...geometryGroups.keys()].sort(
+    (left, right) => getUnionTypeId(left, dimension) - getUnionTypeId(right, dimension)
+  );
+  const childVectors = orderedGeometryTypes.map(geometryType => {
+    const encoding = getNativeGeoArrowEncoding(geometryType);
+    return makeGeoArrowVector(geometryGroups.get(geometryType)!, encoding, options, dimension);
+  });
+  const fields = orderedGeometryTypes.map(
+    geometryType =>
+      new arrow.Field(
+        getUnionFieldName(geometryType, dimension),
+        childVectors[orderedGeometryTypes.indexOf(geometryType)].type,
+        true
+      )
+  );
+  const unionType = new arrow.DenseUnion(
+    orderedGeometryTypes.map(geometryType => getUnionTypeId(geometryType, dimension)),
+    fields
+  );
+  return arrow.makeVector(
+    arrow.makeData({
+      type: unionType,
+      length: geometries.length,
+      nullCount: 0,
+      typeIds: Int8Array.from(typeIds),
+      valueOffsets: Int32Array.from(valueOffsets),
+      children: childVectors.map(vector => vector.data[0])
+    } as any)
+  );
+}
+
+/** Creates a native GeoArrow writer for one decoded MLT geometry. */
+function createGeoArrowGeometryWriter(
+  geometry: MLTGeometry,
+  encoding: GeoArrowBuilderEncoding,
+  options: MLTOptions
+): (builder: InstanceType<typeof GeoArrowBuilder>) => void {
+  return builder => {
+    const coordinates = geometry.coordinates;
+    switch (geometryTypeToGeoJSONType(geometry.type)) {
+      case 'Point':
+        if (encoding === 'geoarrow.multipoint') builder.beginMultiPoint(1);
+        builder.beginPoint();
+        writeGeoArrowPoint(builder, coordinates[0]?.[0], options, geometry.extent);
+        return;
+      case 'MultiPoint':
+        builder.beginMultiPoint(coordinates.length);
+        for (const [point] of coordinates) {
+          builder.beginPoint();
+          writeGeoArrowPoint(builder, point, options, geometry.extent);
+        }
+        return;
+      case 'LineString':
+        if (encoding === 'geoarrow.multilinestring') builder.beginMultiLineString(1);
+        writeGeoArrowLineString(builder, coordinates[0] || [], options, geometry.extent);
+        return;
+      case 'MultiLineString':
+        builder.beginMultiLineString(coordinates.length);
+        for (const line of coordinates)
+          writeGeoArrowLineString(builder, line, options, geometry.extent);
+        return;
+      case 'Polygon':
+        if (encoding === 'geoarrow.multipolygon') builder.beginMultiPolygon(1);
+        writeGeoArrowPolygon(builder, coordinates, options, geometry.extent);
+        return;
+      case 'MultiPolygon':
+        builder.beginMultiPolygon(coordinates.length);
+        for (const ring of coordinates) {
+          builder.beginPolygon(1);
+          builder.beginLinearRing(ring.length);
+          for (const point of ring) writeGeoArrowPoint(builder, point, options, geometry.extent);
+        }
+        return;
+      default:
+        return;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function writeGeoArrowPoint(
+  builder: InstanceType<typeof GeoArrowBuilder>,
+  point: MLTPoint | undefined,
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  extent: number
+): void {
+  const [x, y] = projectPoint(point?.x ?? Number.NaN, point?.y ?? Number.NaN, options, extent);
+  builder.writeCoordinate(x, y);
+}
+
+function writeGeoArrowLineString(
+  builder: InstanceType<typeof GeoArrowBuilder>,
+  line: MLTPoint[],
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  extent: number
+): void {
+  builder.beginLineString(line.length);
+  for (const point of line) writeGeoArrowPoint(builder, point, options, extent);
+}
+
+function writeGeoArrowPolygon(
+  builder: InstanceType<typeof GeoArrowBuilder>,
+  rings: MLTPoint[][],
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  extent: number
+): void {
+  builder.beginPolygon(rings.length);
+  for (const ring of rings) {
+    builder.beginLinearRing(ring.length);
+    for (const point of ring) writeGeoArrowPoint(builder, point, options, extent);
+  }
+}
+
+function getNativeGeoArrowEncoding(geometryType: string | null): GeoArrowBuilderEncoding {
+  switch (geometryType) {
+    case 'Point':
+      return 'geoarrow.point';
+    case 'LineString':
+      return 'geoarrow.linestring';
+    case 'Polygon':
+      return 'geoarrow.polygon';
+    case 'MultiPoint':
+      return 'geoarrow.multipoint';
+    case 'MultiLineString':
+      return 'geoarrow.multilinestring';
+    case 'MultiPolygon':
+      return 'geoarrow.multipolygon';
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`MLT Loader: unsupported GeoArrow geometry type ${geometryType}`);
+  }
+}
+
+function getUnionTypeId(geometryType: string, dimension: GeoArrowBuilderDimension): number {
+  const baseTypeIds: Record<string, number> = {
+    Point: 1,
+    LineString: 2,
+    Polygon: 3,
+    MultiPoint: 4,
+    MultiLineString: 5,
+    MultiPolygon: 6
+  };
+  const dimensionOffset =
+    dimension === 'xyz' ? 10 : dimension === 'xym' ? 20 : dimension === 'xyzm' ? 30 : 0;
+  return (baseTypeIds[geometryType] || baseTypeIds.Point) + dimensionOffset;
+}
+
+function getUnionFieldName(geometryType: string, dimension: GeoArrowBuilderDimension): string {
+  return dimension === 'xy' ? geometryType : `${geometryType} ${dimension.slice(1).toUpperCase()}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds the property schema using the same primitive normalization as GeoJSON-to-Arrow output.
+ */
+function getPropertySchema(propertyRows: Record<string, unknown>[]): Schema {
+  const fieldNames = new Set<string>();
+  for (const propertyRow of propertyRows) {
+    for (const fieldName of Object.keys(propertyRow)) {
+      fieldNames.add(fieldName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    metadata: {},
+    fields: [...fieldNames].map((fieldName): Field => {
+      const inferredType = getDataTypeFromArray(
+        propertyRows.map(propertyRow => propertyRow[fieldName])
+      );
+      return {
+        name: fieldName,
+        type: inferredType.type === 'float32' ? 'float64' : inferredType.type,
+        nullable: inferredType.nullable
+      };
+    })
+  };
+}
+
+function normalizePropertyValue(propertyValue: unknown): unknown {
+  if (
+    propertyValue === null ||
+    propertyValue === undefined ||
+    typeof propertyValue === 'string' ||
+    typeof propertyValue === 'number' ||
+    typeof propertyValue === 'boolean'
+  ) {
+    return propertyValue ?? null;
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(propertyValue);
+}
+
+function createWKBGeometryWriter(
+  geometry: MLTGeometry,
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  extent: number
+): WKBGeometryWriter | null {
+  const geometryType = geometryTypeToGeoJSONType(geometry.type);
+  if (!geometryType || !geometry.coordinates) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const transform = (coordinate: number[]): number[] =>
+    projectPoint(coordinate[0], coordinate[1], options, extent);
+  return builder => {
+    const coordinates = geometry.coordinates;
+    switch (geometryType) {
+      case 'Point':
+        if (!coordinates[0]?.[0]) return;
+        builder.beginPoint();
+        writePoint(builder, coordinates[0][0], transform);
+        return;
+      case 'MultiPoint':
+        builder.beginMultiPoint(coordinates.length);
+        for (const [point] of coordinates) writePoint(builder, point, transform);
+        return;
+      case 'LineString':
+        builder.beginLineString(coordinates[0]?.length || 0);
+        for (const point of coordinates[0] || []) writePoint(builder, point, transform);
+        return;
+      case 'MultiLineString':
+        builder.beginMultiLineString(coordinates.length);
+        for (const line of coordinates) {
+          builder.beginLineString(line.length);
+          for (const point of line) writePoint(builder, point, transform);
+        }
+        return;
+      case 'Polygon':
+        builder.beginPolygon(coordinates.length);
+        for (const ring of coordinates) {
+          builder.beginLinearRing(ring.length);
+          for (const point of ring) writePoint(builder, point, transform);
+        }
+        return;
+      case 'MultiPolygon':
+        // The JS MLT decoder exposes multipolygon rings in a flattened representation. The
+        // specification's polygon/ring topology is preserved by treating each decoded ring as
+        // a polygon, matching the legacy GeoJSON path until the decoder exposes polygon offsets.
+        builder.beginMultiPolygon(coordinates.length);
+        for (const ring of coordinates) {
+          builder.beginPolygon(1);
+          builder.beginLinearRing(ring.length);
+          for (const point of ring) writePoint(builder, point, transform);
+        }
+        return;
+      default:
+        return;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function writePoint(
+  builder: Parameters<WKBGeometryWriter>[0],
+  point: MLTPoint | undefined,
+  transform: (coordinate: number[]) => number[]
+): void {
+  if (!point) {
+    builder.writeCoordinate(Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+    return;
+  }
+  const [x, y] = transform([point.x, point.y]);
+  builder.writeCoordinate(x, y);
+}
+
+function geometryTypeToGeoJSONType(
+  type: number
+): 'Point' | 'LineString' | 'Polygon' | 'MultiPoint' | 'MultiLineString' | 'MultiPolygon' | null {
+  for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(GEOMETRY_TYPE)) {
+    if (value === type) {
+      const normalizedName = name.toLowerCase();
+      return normalizedName === 'point'
+        ? 'Point'
+        : normalizedName === 'linestring'
+          ? 'LineString'
+          : normalizedName === 'polygon'
+            ? 'Polygon'
+            : normalizedName === 'multipoint'
+              ? 'MultiPoint'
+              : normalizedName === 'multilinestring'
+                ? 'MultiLineString'
+                : normalizedName === 'multipolygon'
+                  ? 'MultiPolygon'
+                  : null;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse the MLT tile and return GeoJSON features
+ */
+function parseToGeojsonFeatures(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer, options: MLTOptions): Feature[] {
+  if (arrayBuffer.byteLength <= 0) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  const tile = new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer);
+  const featureTables = getFeatureTables(decodeTile(tile));
+
+  const features: Feature[] = [];
+
+  const selectedLayers =
+    options.layers && options.layers.length > 0
+      ? options.layers
+      : (featureTables.map(ft => ft.name).filter(Boolean) as string[]);
+
+  for (const featureTable of featureTables) {
+    const layerName = featureTable.name;
+    if (!layerName || !selectedLayers.includes(layerName)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const extent = featureTable.extent ?? 4096;
+    for (const mltFeature of getTableFeatures(featureTable)) {
+      const geoJSONFeature = convertFeatureToGeoJSON(mltFeature, options, layerName, extent);
+      if (geoJSONFeature) {
+        features.push(geoJSONFeature);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return features;
+}
+
+function getFeatureTables(decodedTile: unknown): MLTFeatureTable[] {
+  if (Array.isArray(decodedTile)) {
+    return decodedTile.filter((candidate): candidate is MLTFeatureTable =>
+      isFeatureTable(candidate)
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!decodedTile || typeof decodedTile !== 'object') {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  return Object.values(decodedTile).filter((candidate): candidate is MLTFeatureTable =>
+    isFeatureTable(candidate)
+  );
+}
+
+function isFeatureTable(candidate: unknown): candidate is MLTFeatureTable {
+  if (!candidate || typeof candidate !== 'object') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return (
+    typeof (candidate as MLTFeatureTable).name === 'string' &&
+    (typeof (candidate as MLTFeatureTable).getFeatures === 'function' ||
+      Array.isArray((candidate as MLTFeatureTable).features) ||
+      typeof (candidate as MLTFeatureTable)[Symbol.iterator] === 'function')
+  );
+}
+
+function getTableFeatures(featureTable: MLTFeatureTable): MLTFeature[] {
+  if (typeof featureTable.getFeatures === 'function') {
+    const features = featureTable.getFeatures();
+    if (Array.isArray(features)) {
+      return features;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(featureTable.features)) {
+    return featureTable.features;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof featureTable[Symbol.iterator] === 'function') {
+    const iterableFeatures = featureTable[Symbol.iterator]?.();
+    if (!iterableFeatures) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    return Array.isArray(iterableFeatures) ? iterableFeatures : Array.from(iterableFeatures);
+  }
+
+  return [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert an MLT Feature to a GeoJSON Feature
+ */
+function convertFeatureToGeoJSON(
+  feature: MLTFeature,
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  layerName: string,
+  extent: number
+): Feature | null {
+  const {geometry, properties, id} = feature;
+
+  if (!geometry) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const geojsonGeometry = convertGeometryToGeoJSON(geometry, options, extent);
+  if (!geojsonGeometry) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const featureProperties: {[key: string]: unknown} = {...properties};
+
+  if (options.layerProperty) {
+    featureProperties[options.layerProperty] = layerName;
+  }
+
+  const geojsonFeature: Feature = {
+    type: 'Feature',
+    geometry: geojsonGeometry as any,
+    properties: featureProperties as any
+  };
+
+  if (id !== undefined && id !== null) {
+    (geojsonFeature as any).id =
+      typeof id === 'bigint' && id >= 0n && id <= BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) ? Number(id) : id;
+  }
+
+  return geojsonFeature;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert MLT geometry to GeoJSON geometry
+ */
+function convertGeometryToGeoJSON(
+  geometry: MLTFeature['geometry'],
+  options: MLTOptions,
+  extent: number
+): object | null {
+  if (!geometry) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const {type, coordinates} = geometry;
+
+  switch (type as number) {
+    case GEOMETRY_TYPE.POINT: {
+      // coordinates: [[Point]]
+      const ring = coordinates?.[0];
+      const point = ring?.[0];
+      if (!point || typeof point.x !== 'number' || typeof point.y !== 'number') {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return {
+        type: 'Point',
+        coordinates: projectPoint(point.x, point.y, options, extent)
+      };
+    }
+    case GEOMETRY_TYPE.MULTIPOINT: {
+      // coordinates: [[p1], [p2], ...]
+      return {
+        type: 'MultiPoint',
+        coordinates: coordinates.map(([p]) => projectPoint(p.x, p.y, options, extent))
+      };
+    }
+    case GEOMETRY_TYPE.LINESTRING: {
+      // coordinates: [[p1, p2, ...]]
+      return {
+        type: 'LineString',
+        coordinates: coordinates[0].map(p => projectPoint(p.x, p.y, options, extent))
+      };
+    }
+    case GEOMETRY_TYPE.MULTILINESTRING: {
+      // coordinates: [[p1, p2, ...], [p1, p2, ...], ...]
+      return {
+        type: 'MultiLineString',
+        coordinates: coordinates.map(ring => ring.map(p => projectPoint(p.x, p.y, options, extent)))
+      };
+    }
+    case GEOMETRY_TYPE.POLYGON: {
+      // coordinates: [[outer_ring_points], [hole_ring_points], ...]
+      return {
+        type: 'Polygon',
+        coordinates: coordinates.map(ring => ring.map(p => projectPoint(p.x, p.y, options, extent)))
+      };
+    }
+    case GEOMETRY_TYPE.MULTIPOLYGON: {
+      // In MLT, multipolygon rings are flattened: [[ring1], [ring2], ...]
+      // Treat each ring as its own polygon (simplified representation)
+      return {
+        type: 'MultiPolygon',
+        coordinates: coordinates.map(ring => [
+          ring.map(p => projectPoint(p.x, p.y, options, extent))
+        ])
+      };
+    }
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Project a tile coordinate to either local (0-1) or WGS84 (lng/lat) coordinates
+ */
+function projectPoint(x: number, y: number, options: MLTOptions, extent: number): [number, number] {
+  if (options.coordinates === 'wgs84' && options.tileIndex) {
+    const {x: tx, y: ty, z} = options.tileIndex;
+    const size = extent * Math.pow(2, z);
+    const x0 = extent * tx;
+    const y0 = extent * ty;
+    const lng = ((x + x0) * 360) / size - 180;
+    const y2 = 180 - ((y + y0) * 360) / size;
+    const lat = (360 / Math.PI) * Math.atan(Math.exp((y2 * Math.PI) / 180)) - 90;
+    return [lng, lat];
+  }
+
+  // Local coordinates: normalize to [0, 1]
+  return [x / extent, y / extent];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate loader options
+ */
+function checkOptions(options?: MLTLoaderOptions): MLTOptions {
+  const mltOptions = {
+    ...MLT_DEFAULT_OPTIONS,
+    ...(options?.mlt ?? {}),
+    geoarrow: options?.mlt?.geoarrow ?? options?.geoarrow
+  } as MLTOptions;
+
+  if (mltOptions.coordinates === 'wgs84' && !mltOptions.tileIndex) {
+    throw new Error('MLT Loader: WGS84 coordinates require a tileIndex option');
+  }
+
+  return mltOptions;
+}