@loadbare/app 0.23.0 → 0.24.0

package/dist/server/lb-server.js

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ const patches = new WeakSet();
  * of one it deleted.
  *
  * A column other than `lb-path` is a query parm: set, or taken out when its
- * value is empty. With `lb-path` naming another page, the page is entered
+ * value is empty. An array of strings repeats the parm once per value. With `lb-path` naming another page, the page is entered
  * with only the parms named here; otherwise every other parm is kept.
  *
  * The page then loads at the new URL in the same round trip, as a cold load
@@ -318,7 +318,15 @@ export function createHub(pages) {
             ];
         },
         runRequest(page, request, ctx) {
-            const { name, ...fields } = request;
+            const { name, ...sent } = request;
+            // Only a column of lb-url holds several values, and the hub answers
+            // those itself: a column the server receives holds one.
+            if (sent.values !== undefined && !stringValues(sent.values)) {
+                console.warn(`loadbare: '${name}' carries values that are not one string per ` +
+                    `column, ignoring it`);
+                return Promise.resolve([]);
+            }
+            const fields = sent;
             if (fields.rows !== undefined && !wellFormedRows(fields.rows)) {
                 console.warn(`loadbare: '${name}' carries rows that are not keys and string ` +
                     `values by query, ignoring it`);
@@ -348,6 +356,13 @@ export function createHub(pages) {
         },
     };
 }
+/** Values as a server request carries them: one string per column. */
+function stringValues(values) {
+    return (typeof values === "object" &&
+        values !== null &&
+        !Array.isArray(values) &&
+        Object.values(values).every((v) => typeof v === "string"));
+}
 /** Gathered rows as the hub sends them: string keys and string values. */
 function wellFormedRows(rows) {
     if (typeof rows !== "object" || rows === null || Array.isArray(rows)) {
@@ -392,7 +407,7 @@ function layered(before, after) {
 function urlItem(page, moved) {
     if (moved === undefined)
         return undefined;
-    const refused = unusableUrl(moved);
+    const refused = unusableUrl(moved, true);
     if (refused === undefined) {
         return {
             query: URL_QUERY,
@@ -411,7 +426,7 @@ function urlItem(page, moved) {
 function choicesItem(page, chose) {
     if (chose === undefined)
         return [];
-    const refused = unusableUrl(chose);
+    const refused = unusableUrl(chose, false);
     if (refused !== undefined) {
         console.warn(`loadbare: page '${page}' returned ${CHOICES_QUERY} ${refused}, ` +
             `ignoring it`);
@@ -435,10 +450,11 @@ function leadsHere(page, parms, row) {
  * Why a returned row for `lb-url` or `lb-choices` cannot be used, or nothing
  * when it can.
  *
- * A value is a string, as a control's is and a URL's is. At least one column
- * is named: a row naming none changes nothing.
+ * A value is a string, as a control's is and a URL's is, or for `lb-url`,
+ * whose parms a URL may repeat, an array of strings. At least one column is
+ * named: a row naming none changes nothing.
  */
-function unusableUrl(columns) {
+function unusableUrl(columns, several) {
     if (typeof columns !== "object" ||
         columns === null ||
         Array.isArray(columns)) {
@@ -447,8 +463,12 @@ function unusableUrl(columns) {
     const values = Object.values(columns);
     if (values.length === 0)
         return "naming no column";
-    if (!values.every((v) => typeof v === "string")) {
-        return `holding a value that is not a string; write each value as "..."`;
+    const usable = (v) => typeof v === "string" ||
+        (several && Array.isArray(v) && v.every((e) => typeof e === "string"));
+    if (!values.every(usable)) {
+        return several
+            ? `holding a value that is not a string or an array of strings`
+            : `holding a value that is not a string; write each value as "..."`;
     }
     return undefined;
 }

package/dist/server/lb-server.js.map

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The server-side contract and the engine that runs it.\n//\n// This is the counterpart to core/lb-constants.ts: that file is the\n// vocabulary the browser writes, this one is the vocabulary the application\n// writes. The engine below is the whole of Loadbare on the server. It ships\n// no HTTP server, no router, and no data layer.\n\nimport type {\n  ColumnTypes,\n  HubData,\n  HubRequest,\n  HubResponse,\n  HubResult,\n  Kind,\n  GatheredRow,\n  HubRefusal,\n  Patch,\n  RequestFields,\n  ResponseItem,\n  Row,\n} from \"../core/lb-types.js\";\nimport { isRowRequest, nextLocation, parseOrder } from \"../core/lb-types.js\";\nimport {\n  CHOICES_QUERY,\n  COLUMN_TYPES,\n  KIND_ROW,\n  KIND_ROWS,\n  LB_RESERVED_PREFIX,\n  REQUEST_ROW_DELETE,\n  REQUEST_ROW_INSERT,\n  REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE,\n  URL_COLUMN_PATH,\n  URL_QUERY,\n} from \"../core/lb-constants.js\";\n\n/**\n * Whatever the application hands the engine for the duration of one request.\n *\n * Loadbare declares it empty and never reads it. An application fills it in\n * by declaration merging, once, anywhere in its own source:\n *\n *     declare module \"@loadbare/app/server\" {\n *       interface HubContext {\n *         db: Db;\n *       }\n *     }\n *\n * That is why no type on this page takes a type parameter. The context is a\n * request-scoped handle — an authenticated database connection is the\n * expected case — so it is passed per call rather than held by the engine.\n * The page's query parms are the other expected member: a query that reads\n * one off the context takes no argument, and re-runs under `refresh` like\n * any other.\n */\nexport interface HubContext {}\n\n/**\n * A declared query: its kind, its key, and the run that answers it.\n *\n * Kind and key are properties of the name rather than of any one answer, so\n * they are declared here and never inferred from what comes back. The engine\n * sends both with every answer, so the markup repeats neither. Every query\n * has a key; an aggregate row answers with a constant one.\n *\n * Write one with `row()` or `rows()` below; nothing else builds one.\n */\nexport interface Query {\n  readonly kind: Kind;\n  readonly key: string;\n  readonly run: (ctx: HubContext) => HubResult | Promise<HubResult>;\n  /** A `rows` query's order, as `rows()` declared it. */\n  readonly order?: string;\n  /** A `rows` query's column types, as `rows()` declared them. */\n  readonly types?: ColumnTypes;\n}\n\n/**\n * What a `rows` query declares about its order.\n *\n * `order` is the order the hub places its rows by: columns separated by\n * commas, each descending when it begins with `-`, as in\n * `category_order,-opened`. An order the user chose, held in `lb-choices`,\n * replaces it. With neither, rows show in the order the query answered them\n * in.\n *\n * `types` names a type for any of its columns, and the hub sorts, filters\n * and takes `lb-min` and `lb-max` of that column read as its type rather\n * than by the JSON type its values arrive as: `{ amount: \"number\" }` for a\n * Postgres `numeric` that arrives as a string. A column it does not name\n * compares by its JSON type. The order and the types go to the browser\n * once, with the answer that loads the page.\n */\nexport interface RowsOptions {\n  order?: string;\n  types?: ColumnTypes;\n}\n\n/**\n * A query that answers with one row, identified by its `key` column, or with\n * `null` when there is none.\n */\nexport function row(\n  key: string,\n  run: (ctx: HubContext) => Row | null | Promise<Row | null>,\n): Query {\n  return { kind: KIND_ROW, key, run };\n}\n\n/**\n * A query that answers with all its rows. Rows land by their `key` column: a\n * row whose key is not in the answer is gone. The hub places them by the\n * order in `options`, or in the order they arrived when there is none.\n */\nexport function rows(\n  key: string,\n  run: (ctx: HubContext) => Row[] | Promise<Row[]>,\n  options: RowsOptions = {},\n): Query {\n  return {\n    kind: KIND_ROWS,\n    key,\n    run,\n    ...(options.order !== undefined && { order: options.order }),\n    ...(options.types !== undefined && { types: options.types }),\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Only what changed, returned from a handler for a `rows` query. Rows named\n * here are added or updated, keys in `drop` are removed, and everything\n * unnamed is left alone — its contents, and its place in whatever order the\n * page is keeping.\n *\n * `Array.isArray` is what tells a patch from all rows, so a patch needs no\n * marker of its own and no column name is reserved to carry one.\n */\nexport function patch(change: { rows?: Row[]; drop?: unknown[] }): Patch {\n  const made = { ...change };\n  patches.add(made);\n  return made;\n}\n\n/**\n * Every object `patch()` made. A patch and a row are both plain objects, so\n * this is how the engine refuses a patch answering a `row` query.\n */\nconst patches = new WeakSet<object>();\n\n/**\n * A new row for `lb-url`, returned from a handler when only the handler can\n * know where the page belongs: the key of a row it inserted, or the absence\n * of one it deleted.\n *\n * A column other than `lb-path` is a query parm: set, or taken out when its\n * value is empty. With `lb-path` naming another page, the page is entered\n * with only the parms named here; otherwise every other parm is kept.\n *\n * The page then loads at the new URL in the same round trip, as a cold load\n * of it would, so the refresh set is not run and whatever else the handler\n * returned is dropped: both were answers for the URL the page is leaving.\n * This is Post/Redirect/Get without the redirect.\n */\nexport function url(columns: Record<string, string>): HubData {\n  return { [URL_QUERY]: { ...columns } };\n}\n\n/**\n * The user's choices for the page, returned from `onPageEnter` to restore\n * what the user last chose: an order, a filter. Each column is a column of\n * `lb-choices`, and the hub places the page's rows by them as they land.\n * Return it beside `url()` with the spread both are written for:\n *\n *     return { ...url({ acct: \"23\" }), ...choices({ sort: \"-amount\" }) };\n */\nexport function choices(columns: Record<string, string>): HubData {\n  return { [CHOICES_QUERY]: { ...columns } };\n}\n\n/**\n * A handler's refusal: thrown, and answered to the browser with the words\n * it carries. Every other error a handler throws reaches the browser as a\n * failure with nothing in it.\n */\nexport class Refusal extends Error {\n  readonly refusal: HubRefusal;\n\n  constructor(refusal: HubRefusal) {\n    super(refusal.message ?? \"refused\");\n    this.name = \"Refusal\";\n    this.refusal = refusal;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Refuse a request, in words written for the user. Throw what it returns:\n *\n *     throw refusal(\"That series already has paychecks entered.\");\n *     throw refusal({ amount: \"Must be more than zero\" });\n *     throw refusal(\"Two fields need attention.\", { amount: \"…\" });\n *\n * A message alone is for the request as a whole; columns name the controls\n * the request gathered, and each message is shown on its control. Thrown\n * rather than returned, so a refusal can come from anywhere the handler\n * calls, and whatever the application has open rolls back as for any\n * throw.\n */\nexport function refusal(\n  message: string | Record<string, string>,\n  columns?: Record<string, string>,\n): Refusal {\n  return typeof message === \"string\"\n    ? new Refusal({ message, ...(columns && { columns }) })\n    : new Refusal({ columns: message });\n}\n\n/** The shape of a `<stub>.queries.ts` module. */\nexport type Queries = Record<string, Query>;\n\n/**\n * What a handler does, and which queries re-run once it has.\n *\n * `run` may also return answers of its own, which are laid over the\n * refreshed ones. That is how a patch reaches the browser: a query answers\n * for all its rows and cannot know why it re-ran, but the handler knows\n * exactly what it changed and can say only that.\n */\nexport interface Handler<R = RequestFields> {\n  run: (\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    request: R,\n  ) => void | HubData | Promise<void | HubData>;\n  refresh: string[];\n}\n\n/**\n * `rows` holds the rows of the queries nested in the form the request came\n * from, by query name, each with its own values: a master's details,\n * written with it.\n */\nexport type RowInsertHandler = Handler<{\n  key?: string;\n  values: Record<string, string>;\n  rows?: Record<string, GatheredRow[]>;\n}>;\n/** `values` holds only the columns being set, as an SQL UPDATE sets them. */\nexport type RowUpdateHandler = Handler<{\n  key: string;\n  values: Record<string, string>;\n  rows?: Record<string, GatheredRow[]>;\n}>;\nexport type RowDeleteHandler = Handler<{ key: string }>;\n\n/**\n * What the requests Loadbare provides do to one query, keyed by its name in\n * `Requests.crud`. A query with no entry here permits none of them: the wire\n * cannot reach anything the page has not published.\n *\n * Every key is the request name with the prefix stripped and the rest\n * camel-cased: `lb-row-insert` runs `rowInsert`.\n */\nexport interface Crud {\n  rowInsert?: RowInsertHandler;\n  rowUpdate?: RowUpdateHandler;\n  rowDelete?: RowDeleteHandler;\n}\n\n/**\n * The shape of a `<stub>.requests.ts` module.\n *\n * `onPageEnter` runs when the page loads, before its queries. It declares no\n * refresh set: the page's queries all run afterward, so whatever it changed\n * is already in the response. It may return `url()` instead, to move the\n * page to other query parms or another page before anything shows, as an\n * application restoring what the user last had on screen does. The page\n * then loads there in the same round trip, and `onPageEnter` running for\n * that load is not followed again. It may return `choices()`, with `url()`\n * or alone, to restore the user's choices for the page.\n *\n * `onChoices` runs each time the user makes a choice, with every choice\n * made on the page, so an application can keep them for `onPageEnter` to\n * restore. It answers with nothing, by convention.\n *\n * `handlers` holds the page's declared requests, by name. A name the page\n * did not declare is refused, so the wire cannot reach anything the page has\n * not published.\n *\n * `crud` holds what the requests Loadbare provides run, by query name.\n */\nexport interface Requests {\n  onPageEnter?: (ctx: HubContext) => void | HubData | Promise<void | HubData>;\n  onChoices?: (\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    choices: Record<string, string>,\n  ) => void | HubData | Promise<void | HubData>;\n  handlers?: Record<string, Handler>;\n  crud?: Record<string, Crud>;\n}\n\n/** A page is three files sharing a stub; two of them are these. */\nexport interface Page {\n  queries: Queries;\n  requests: Requests;\n}\n\n/**\n * The page registry. The builder writes it from every `.requests.ts` and\n * `.queries.ts` it discovers — see docs/reference/builder.md.\n */\nexport type Pages = Record<string, Page>;\n\n/**\n * How a page load treats a `url()` its `onPageEnter` returned.\n *\n * With `follow` false it is ignored and the queries run, as they must for a\n * load that is itself at a URL something else moved to. With `parms`, the\n * query parms the page is being loaded at, one that leads to the page and\n * parms already in hand is ignored the same way, so the page loads once.\n */\nexport interface PageLoadOptions {\n  follow?: boolean;\n  parms?: URLSearchParams;\n}\n\n/**\n * The engine. Both calls answer with response items. A request whose\n * handler returned `url()`, and a page load whose `onPageEnter` did, answer\n * with the `lb-url` item alone: the caller builds a context at the new URL,\n * calls `dataForPage` with it and `follow` false, and sends the load beside the\n * item. `hubRoutes` does exactly that.\n */\nexport interface Hub {\n  /** A page load: its `onPageEnter`, then all of its queries. */\n  dataForPage(\n    page: string,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    options?: PageLoadOptions,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse>;\n\n  /** A request: run the handler its name picks, then the refresh set. */\n  runRequest(\n    page: string,\n    request: HubRequest,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse>;\n}\n\n/** The camel-cased `Crud` key of a request Loadbare provides. */\nconst CRUD_KEYS: Record<string, keyof Crud> = {\n  [REQUEST_ROW_INSERT]: \"rowInsert\",\n  [REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE]: \"rowUpdate\",\n  [REQUEST_ROW_DELETE]: \"rowDelete\",\n};\n\n/**\n * Build the engine over a set of pages. The pages are fixed at startup; the\n * context is not, and arrives with each call.\n */\nexport function createHub(pages: Pages): Hub {\n  // Names beginning with the reserved prefix are Loadbare's — its own query,\n  // the requests it provides — so an application cannot declare one.\n  // Refused at startup, because a name is a fact about the page and not\n  // about any request.\n  for (const [page, entry] of Object.entries(pages)) {\n    const declared = [\n      ...Object.keys(entry.queries),\n      ...Object.keys(entry.requests.handlers ?? {}),\n      ...Object.keys(entry.requests.crud ?? {}),\n    ];\n    for (const name of declared) {\n      if (name.startsWith(LB_RESERVED_PREFIX)) {\n        throw new Error(\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' declares '${name}', but names ` +\n            `beginning with '${LB_RESERVED_PREFIX}' are reserved`,\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    // A crud handler always knows which rows it changed: an update or a\n    // delete names its row by key, and an insert has the new row's key once\n    // it has written it. So each can answer with a patch, and the hub places\n    // what the patch names by the query's order. Refreshing the whole set\n    // instead sends every row to say one thing. There is no case where that\n    // is the answer, so it is refused rather than warned about.\n    // An order is a fact about the query, so a malformed one is refused at\n    // startup, as a reserved name is.\n    // So is a column type the hub does not know.\n    for (const [name, query] of Object.entries(entry.queries)) {\n      for (const [column, type] of Object.entries(query.types ?? {})) {\n        if (!(COLUMN_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(type)) {\n          throw new Error(\n            `loadbare: page '${page}' query '${name}' declares column ` +\n              `'${column}' as '${type}'; a column type is one of ` +\n              `${COLUMN_TYPES.join(\", \")}`,\n          );\n        }\n      }\n      if (query.order === undefined) continue;\n      try {\n        parseOrder(query.order);\n      } catch (err) {\n        throw new Error(\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' query '${name}': ${(err as Error).message}`,\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    for (const [name, crud] of Object.entries(entry.requests.crud ?? {})) {\n      if (entry.queries[name]?.kind !== KIND_ROWS) continue;\n      for (const request of [\"rowInsert\", \"rowUpdate\", \"rowDelete\"] as const) {\n        if (crud[request]?.refresh.includes(name)) {\n          throw new Error(\n            `loadbare: page '${page}' refreshes '${name}' after its own ` +\n              `${request}; return the changed rows in a patch instead`,\n          );\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Answers into response items, adding the kind and key each query\n   * declared. An answer that disagrees with its declaration is a mistake in\n   * the application rather than a case to handle, and is left out: a page is\n   * better off missing one query than showing the wrong shape for it.\n   *\n   * A page load also adds each `rows` query's order and column types, which\n   * the hub keeps for the answers after it.\n   */\n  function items(page: string, data: HubData, load = false): HubResponse {\n    const out: ResponseItem[] = [];\n    for (const [name, result] of Object.entries(data)) {\n      const query = pages[page]?.queries[name];\n      if (!query) {\n        console.warn(`loadbare: page '${page}' declares no query '${name}'`);\n        continue;\n      }\n      const item: ResponseItem = {\n        query: name,\n        kind: query.kind,\n        key: query.key,\n      };\n      if (query.kind === KIND_ROW) {\n        if (Array.isArray(result) || patches.has(result as object)) {\n          console.warn(\n            `loadbare: query '${name}' is declared row but answered with ` +\n              `${Array.isArray(result) ? \"rows\" : \"a patch\"}`,\n          );\n          continue;\n        }\n        // No row reaches the browser as null, which JSON keeps and\n        // undefined it would drop.\n        item.row = (result ?? null) as Row | null;\n      } else {\n        if (result === null || result === undefined) {\n          console.warn(\n            `loadbare: query '${name}' is declared rows but answered with nothing`,\n          );\n          continue;\n        }\n        if (Array.isArray(result)) item.rows = result;\n        else item.patch = result as Patch;\n        if (load && query.order !== undefined) item.order = query.order;\n        if (load && query.types !== undefined) item.types = query.types;\n      }\n      out.push(item);\n    }\n    return out;\n  }\n\n  /** Run queries by name, each answering with all its rows or its row. */\n  async function run(\n    page: string,\n    names: string[],\n    ctx: HubContext,\n  ): Promise<HubData> {\n    const data: HubData = {};\n    for (const name of names) {\n      const query = pages[page]?.queries[name];\n      if (!query) {\n        console.warn(`loadbare: page '${page}' declares no query '${name}'`);\n        continue;\n      }\n      const result = await query.run(ctx);\n      if (Array.isArray(result) !== (query.kind === KIND_ROWS)) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: query '${name}' is declared ${query.kind} but answered ` +\n            `with ${Array.isArray(result) ? \"rows\" : result == null ? \"nothing\" : \"one row\"}`,\n        );\n        continue;\n      }\n      data[name] = result;\n    }\n    return data;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Run a handler, then its refresh set against the same context, laying\n   * what the handler itself returned over the refreshed queries — the\n   * narrower answer wins because it knows what actually changed.\n   *\n   * A handler that returned `url()` answers with the `lb-url` item alone.\n   * Loading the page there needs a context built at the new URL, and\n   * building one is the caller's.\n   */\n  async function settle(\n    page: string,\n    handler: Handler<never> | undefined,\n    request: RequestFields,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    notFound: string,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse> {\n    if (!handler) {\n      console.warn(notFound);\n      return [];\n    }\n    const { [URL_QUERY]: moved, ...stated } =\n      (await handler.run(ctx, request as never)) ?? {};\n    const item = urlItem(page, moved);\n    if (item) return [item];\n    return items(page, {\n      ...(await run(page, handler.refresh, ctx)),\n      ...stated,\n    });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * An update or a delete for several rows: the page's `crud` entry runs once\n   * per key, as it would for each row alone, so an application writes\n   * nothing more to allow it. What each run returns is laid together, a\n   * patch onto a patch, and the refresh set runs once.\n   *\n   * A run that returns `url()` is reported and its row ignored: a URL names\n   * one view, and several rows cannot each choose it.\n   */\n  async function eachKey(\n    page: string,\n    name: string,\n    fields: RequestFields,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse> {\n    const { keys, ...one } = fields;\n    const query = fields.query ?? \"\";\n    const handler = pages[page]?.requests.crud?.[query]?.[CRUD_KEYS[name]!] as\n      | Handler<never>\n      | undefined;\n    if (!handler) {\n      console.warn(\n        `loadbare: page '${page}' declares no ${CRUD_KEYS[name]} for '${query}'`,\n      );\n      return [];\n    }\n    if (!Array.isArray(keys) || keys.some((key) => typeof key !== \"string\")) {\n      console.warn(`loadbare: '${name}' carries keys that are not strings`);\n      return [];\n    }\n    let stated: HubData = {};\n    for (const key of keys) {\n      const { [URL_QUERY]: moved, ...answer } =\n        (await handler.run(ctx, { ...one, key } as never)) ?? {};\n      if (moved !== undefined) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: ${CRUD_KEYS[name]} for '${query}' returned url() for ` +\n            `one of several rows, ignoring it`,\n        );\n      }\n      stated = layered(stated, answer);\n    }\n    return items(page, {\n      ...(await run(page, handler.refresh, ctx)),\n      ...stated,\n    });\n  }\n\n  return {\n    async dataForPage(page, ctx, { follow = true, parms } = {}) {\n      const entry = pages[page];\n      if (!entry) {\n        console.warn(`loadbare: no page '${page}'`);\n        return [];\n      }\n      const {\n        [URL_QUERY]: moved,\n        [CHOICES_QUERY]: chose,\n        ...stated\n      } = (await entry.requests.onPageEnter?.(ctx)) ?? {};\n      if (Object.keys(stated).length > 0) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' onPageEnter returned answers; it returns ` +\n            `url(), choices() or nothing, ignoring them`,\n        );\n      }\n      const item = follow ? urlItem(page, moved) : undefined;\n      if (item && !(parms && leadsHere(page, parms, item.row!))) return [item];\n      // The choices go first, so the rows that read them land by them.\n      return [\n        ...choicesItem(page, chose),\n        ...items(page, await run(page, Object.keys(entry.queries), ctx), true),\n      ];\n    },\n\n    runRequest(page, request, ctx) {\n      const { name, ...fields } = request;\n      if (fields.rows !== undefined && !wellFormedRows(fields.rows)) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: '${name}' carries rows that are not keys and string ` +\n            `values by query, ignoring it`,\n        );\n        return Promise.resolve([]);\n      }\n      // The user's choices, told to the page. One with no `onChoices` is\n      // not keeping them, and is not told.\n      if (fields.query === CHOICES_QUERY) {\n        const onChoices = pages[page]?.requests.onChoices;\n        if (name !== REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE || !onChoices) {\n          return Promise.resolve([]);\n        }\n        return settle(\n          page,\n          {\n            run: (c: HubContext, r: RequestFields) =>\n              onChoices(c, r.values ?? {}),\n            refresh: [],\n          } as Handler<never>,\n          fields,\n          ctx,\n          \"\",\n        );\n      }\n      if (\n        fields.keys !== undefined &&\n        (name === REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE || name === REQUEST_ROW_DELETE)\n      ) {\n        return eachKey(page, name, fields, ctx);\n      }\n      if (isRowRequest(name)) {\n        const query = fields.query ?? \"\";\n        return settle(\n          page,\n          pages[page]?.requests.crud?.[query]?.[CRUD_KEYS[name]!] as\n            Handler<never> | undefined,\n          fields,\n          ctx,\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' declares no ${CRUD_KEYS[name]} for '${query}'`,\n        );\n      }\n      return settle(\n        page,\n        pages[page]?.requests.handlers?.[name] as Handler<never> | undefined,\n        fields,\n        ctx,\n        `loadbare: page '${page}' declares no request '${name}'`,\n      );\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n/** Gathered rows as the hub sends them: string keys and string values. */\nfunction wellFormedRows(rows: unknown): boolean {\n  if (typeof rows !== \"object\" || rows === null || Array.isArray(rows)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return Object.values(rows).every(\n    (set) =>\n      Array.isArray(set) &&\n      set.every(\n        (row) =>\n          typeof row === \"object\" &&\n          row !== null &&\n          typeof row.key === \"string\" &&\n          typeof row.values === \"object\" &&\n          row.values !== null &&\n          Object.values(row.values).every((v) => typeof v === \"string\"),\n      ),\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Two answers as one: a patch laid onto a patch for the same query keeps\n * what both name, and any other answer replaces the one before it.\n */\nfunction layered(before: HubData, after: HubData): HubData {\n  const out: HubData = { ...before };\n  for (const [name, answer] of Object.entries(after)) {\n    const was = out[name];\n    if (was && patches.has(was) && patches.has(answer as object)) {\n      const a = was as Patch;\n      const b = answer as Patch;\n      out[name] = patch({\n        rows: [...(a.rows ?? []), ...(b.rows ?? [])],\n        drop: [...(a.drop ?? []), ...(b.drop ?? [])],\n      });\n    } else {\n      out[name] = answer;\n    }\n  }\n  return out;\n}\n\n/**\n * The `lb-url` item for a row a handler or `onPageEnter` returned, or\n * nothing when it returned none or one that cannot be used. Whatever\n * returned it has already run, so a row that cannot be used is reported and\n * the call goes on as if none had been returned.\n */\nfunction urlItem(page: string, moved: unknown): ResponseItem | undefined {\n  if (moved === undefined) return undefined;\n  const refused = unusableUrl(moved);\n  if (refused === undefined) {\n    return {\n      query: URL_QUERY,\n      kind: KIND_ROW,\n      key: URL_COLUMN_PATH,\n      row: moved as Row,\n    };\n  }\n  console.warn(\n    `loadbare: page '${page}' returned ${URL_QUERY} ${refused}, ignoring it`,\n  );\n  return undefined;\n}\n\n/**\n * The `lb-choices` item for the choices `onPageEnter` returned, or nothing\n * when it returned none or ones that cannot be used, which are reported.\n */\nfunction choicesItem(page: string, chose: unknown): ResponseItem[] {\n  if (chose === undefined) return [];\n  const refused = unusableUrl(chose);\n  if (refused !== undefined) {\n    console.warn(\n      `loadbare: page '${page}' returned ${CHOICES_QUERY} ${refused}, ` +\n        `ignoring it`,\n    );\n    return [];\n  }\n  return [\n    {\n      query: CHOICES_QUERY,\n      kind: KIND_ROW,\n      key: URL_COLUMN_PATH,\n      row: chose as Row,\n    },\n  ];\n}\n\n/** Whether a row for `lb-url` leads to the page and parms already in hand. */\nfunction leadsHere(page: string, parms: URLSearchParams, row: Row): boolean {\n  const next = nextLocation(page, parms, row);\n  return next.page === page && next.parms.toString() === parms.toString();\n}\n\n/**\n * Why a returned row for `lb-url` or `lb-choices` cannot be used, or nothing\n * when it can.\n *\n * A value is a string, as a control's is and a URL's is. At least one column\n * is named: a row naming none changes nothing.\n */\nfunction unusableUrl(columns: unknown): string | undefined {\n  if (\n    typeof columns !== \"object\" ||\n    columns === null ||\n    Array.isArray(columns)\n  ) {\n    return \"that is not a row\";\n  }\n  const values = Object.values(columns);\n  if (values.length === 0) return \"naming no column\";\n  if (!values.every((v) => typeof v === \"string\")) {\n    return `holding a value that is not a string; write each value as \"...\"`;\n  }\n  return undefined;\n}\n"]}
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The server-side contract and the engine that runs it.\n//\n// This is the counterpart to core/lb-constants.ts: that file is the\n// vocabulary the browser writes, this one is the vocabulary the application\n// writes. The engine below is the whole of Loadbare on the server. It ships\n// no HTTP server, no router, and no data layer.\n\nimport type {\n  ColumnTypes,\n  HubData,\n  HubRequest,\n  HubResponse,\n  HubResult,\n  Kind,\n  GatheredRow,\n  HubRefusal,\n  Patch,\n  RequestFields,\n  ResponseItem,\n  Row,\n} from \"../core/lb-types.js\";\nimport { isRowRequest, nextLocation, parseOrder } from \"../core/lb-types.js\";\nimport {\n  CHOICES_QUERY,\n  COLUMN_TYPES,\n  KIND_ROW,\n  KIND_ROWS,\n  LB_RESERVED_PREFIX,\n  REQUEST_ROW_DELETE,\n  REQUEST_ROW_INSERT,\n  REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE,\n  URL_COLUMN_PATH,\n  URL_QUERY,\n} from \"../core/lb-constants.js\";\n\n/**\n * Whatever the application hands the engine for the duration of one request.\n *\n * Loadbare declares it empty and never reads it. An application fills it in\n * by declaration merging, once, anywhere in its own source:\n *\n *     declare module \"@loadbare/app/server\" {\n *       interface HubContext {\n *         db: Db;\n *       }\n *     }\n *\n * That is why no type on this page takes a type parameter. The context is a\n * request-scoped handle — an authenticated database connection is the\n * expected case — so it is passed per call rather than held by the engine.\n * The page's query parms are the other expected member: a query that reads\n * one off the context takes no argument, and re-runs under `refresh` like\n * any other.\n */\nexport interface HubContext {}\n\n/**\n * A declared query: its kind, its key, and the run that answers it.\n *\n * Kind and key are properties of the name rather than of any one answer, so\n * they are declared here and never inferred from what comes back. The engine\n * sends both with every answer, so the markup repeats neither. Every query\n * has a key; an aggregate row answers with a constant one.\n *\n * Write one with `row()` or `rows()` below; nothing else builds one.\n */\nexport interface Query {\n  readonly kind: Kind;\n  readonly key: string;\n  readonly run: (ctx: HubContext) => HubResult | Promise<HubResult>;\n  /** A `rows` query's order, as `rows()` declared it. */\n  readonly order?: string;\n  /** A `rows` query's column types, as `rows()` declared them. */\n  readonly types?: ColumnTypes;\n}\n\n/**\n * What a `rows` query declares about its order.\n *\n * `order` is the order the hub places its rows by: columns separated by\n * commas, each descending when it begins with `-`, as in\n * `category_order,-opened`. An order the user chose, held in `lb-choices`,\n * replaces it. With neither, rows show in the order the query answered them\n * in.\n *\n * `types` names a type for any of its columns, and the hub sorts, filters\n * and takes `lb-min` and `lb-max` of that column read as its type rather\n * than by the JSON type its values arrive as: `{ amount: \"number\" }` for a\n * Postgres `numeric` that arrives as a string. A column it does not name\n * compares by its JSON type. The order and the types go to the browser\n * once, with the answer that loads the page.\n */\nexport interface RowsOptions {\n  order?: string;\n  types?: ColumnTypes;\n}\n\n/**\n * A query that answers with one row, identified by its `key` column, or with\n * `null` when there is none.\n */\nexport function row(\n  key: string,\n  run: (ctx: HubContext) => Row | null | Promise<Row | null>,\n): Query {\n  return { kind: KIND_ROW, key, run };\n}\n\n/**\n * A query that answers with all its rows. Rows land by their `key` column: a\n * row whose key is not in the answer is gone. The hub places them by the\n * order in `options`, or in the order they arrived when there is none.\n */\nexport function rows(\n  key: string,\n  run: (ctx: HubContext) => Row[] | Promise<Row[]>,\n  options: RowsOptions = {},\n): Query {\n  return {\n    kind: KIND_ROWS,\n    key,\n    run,\n    ...(options.order !== undefined && { order: options.order }),\n    ...(options.types !== undefined && { types: options.types }),\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Only what changed, returned from a handler for a `rows` query. Rows named\n * here are added or updated, keys in `drop` are removed, and everything\n * unnamed is left alone — its contents, and its place in whatever order the\n * page is keeping.\n *\n * `Array.isArray` is what tells a patch from all rows, so a patch needs no\n * marker of its own and no column name is reserved to carry one.\n */\nexport function patch(change: { rows?: Row[]; drop?: unknown[] }): Patch {\n  const made = { ...change };\n  patches.add(made);\n  return made;\n}\n\n/**\n * Every object `patch()` made. A patch and a row are both plain objects, so\n * this is how the engine refuses a patch answering a `row` query.\n */\nconst patches = new WeakSet<object>();\n\n/**\n * A new row for `lb-url`, returned from a handler when only the handler can\n * know where the page belongs: the key of a row it inserted, or the absence\n * of one it deleted.\n *\n * A column other than `lb-path` is a query parm: set, or taken out when its\n * value is empty. An array of strings repeats the parm once per value. With `lb-path` naming another page, the page is entered\n * with only the parms named here; otherwise every other parm is kept.\n *\n * The page then loads at the new URL in the same round trip, as a cold load\n * of it would, so the refresh set is not run and whatever else the handler\n * returned is dropped: both were answers for the URL the page is leaving.\n * This is Post/Redirect/Get without the redirect.\n */\nexport function url(columns: Record<string, string | string[]>): HubData {\n  return { [URL_QUERY]: { ...columns } };\n}\n\n/**\n * The user's choices for the page, returned from `onPageEnter` to restore\n * what the user last chose: an order, a filter. Each column is a column of\n * `lb-choices`, and the hub places the page's rows by them as they land.\n * Return it beside `url()` with the spread both are written for:\n *\n *     return { ...url({ acct: \"23\" }), ...choices({ sort: \"-amount\" }) };\n */\nexport function choices(columns: Record<string, string>): HubData {\n  return { [CHOICES_QUERY]: { ...columns } };\n}\n\n/**\n * A handler's refusal: thrown, and answered to the browser with the words\n * it carries. Every other error a handler throws reaches the browser as a\n * failure with nothing in it.\n */\nexport class Refusal extends Error {\n  readonly refusal: HubRefusal;\n\n  constructor(refusal: HubRefusal) {\n    super(refusal.message ?? \"refused\");\n    this.name = \"Refusal\";\n    this.refusal = refusal;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Refuse a request, in words written for the user. Throw what it returns:\n *\n *     throw refusal(\"That series already has paychecks entered.\");\n *     throw refusal({ amount: \"Must be more than zero\" });\n *     throw refusal(\"Two fields need attention.\", { amount: \"…\" });\n *\n * A message alone is for the request as a whole; columns name the controls\n * the request gathered, and each message is shown on its control. Thrown\n * rather than returned, so a refusal can come from anywhere the handler\n * calls, and whatever the application has open rolls back as for any\n * throw.\n */\nexport function refusal(\n  message: string | Record<string, string>,\n  columns?: Record<string, string>,\n): Refusal {\n  return typeof message === \"string\"\n    ? new Refusal({ message, ...(columns && { columns }) })\n    : new Refusal({ columns: message });\n}\n\n/** The shape of a `<stub>.queries.ts` module. */\nexport type Queries = Record<string, Query>;\n\n/**\n * What a handler does, and which queries re-run once it has.\n *\n * `run` may also return answers of its own, which are laid over the\n * refreshed ones. That is how a patch reaches the browser: a query answers\n * for all its rows and cannot know why it re-ran, but the handler knows\n * exactly what it changed and can say only that.\n */\nexport interface Handler<R = RequestFields> {\n  run: (\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    request: R,\n  ) => void | HubData | Promise<void | HubData>;\n  refresh: string[];\n}\n\n/**\n * `rows` holds the rows of the queries nested in the form the request came\n * from, by query name, each with its own values: a master's details,\n * written with it.\n */\nexport type RowInsertHandler = Handler<{\n  key?: string;\n  values: Record<string, string>;\n  rows?: Record<string, GatheredRow[]>;\n}>;\n/** `values` holds only the columns being set, as an SQL UPDATE sets them. */\nexport type RowUpdateHandler = Handler<{\n  key: string;\n  values: Record<string, string>;\n  rows?: Record<string, GatheredRow[]>;\n}>;\nexport type RowDeleteHandler = Handler<{ key: string }>;\n\n/**\n * What the requests Loadbare provides do to one query, keyed by its name in\n * `Requests.crud`. A query with no entry here permits none of them: the wire\n * cannot reach anything the page has not published.\n *\n * Every key is the request name with the prefix stripped and the rest\n * camel-cased: `lb-row-insert` runs `rowInsert`.\n */\nexport interface Crud {\n  rowInsert?: RowInsertHandler;\n  rowUpdate?: RowUpdateHandler;\n  rowDelete?: RowDeleteHandler;\n}\n\n/**\n * The shape of a `<stub>.requests.ts` module.\n *\n * `onPageEnter` runs when the page loads, before its queries. It declares no\n * refresh set: the page's queries all run afterward, so whatever it changed\n * is already in the response. It may return `url()` instead, to move the\n * page to other query parms or another page before anything shows, as an\n * application restoring what the user last had on screen does. The page\n * then loads there in the same round trip, and `onPageEnter` running for\n * that load is not followed again. It may return `choices()`, with `url()`\n * or alone, to restore the user's choices for the page.\n *\n * `onChoices` runs each time the user makes a choice, with every choice\n * made on the page, so an application can keep them for `onPageEnter` to\n * restore. It answers with nothing, by convention.\n *\n * `handlers` holds the page's declared requests, by name. A name the page\n * did not declare is refused, so the wire cannot reach anything the page has\n * not published.\n *\n * `crud` holds what the requests Loadbare provides run, by query name.\n */\nexport interface Requests {\n  onPageEnter?: (ctx: HubContext) => void | HubData | Promise<void | HubData>;\n  onChoices?: (\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    choices: Record<string, string>,\n  ) => void | HubData | Promise<void | HubData>;\n  handlers?: Record<string, Handler>;\n  crud?: Record<string, Crud>;\n}\n\n/** A page is three files sharing a stub; two of them are these. */\nexport interface Page {\n  queries: Queries;\n  requests: Requests;\n}\n\n/**\n * The page registry. The builder writes it from every `.requests.ts` and\n * `.queries.ts` it discovers — see docs/reference/builder.md.\n */\nexport type Pages = Record<string, Page>;\n\n/**\n * How a page load treats a `url()` its `onPageEnter` returned.\n *\n * With `follow` false it is ignored and the queries run, as they must for a\n * load that is itself at a URL something else moved to. With `parms`, the\n * query parms the page is being loaded at, one that leads to the page and\n * parms already in hand is ignored the same way, so the page loads once.\n */\nexport interface PageLoadOptions {\n  follow?: boolean;\n  parms?: URLSearchParams;\n}\n\n/**\n * The engine. Both calls answer with response items. A request whose\n * handler returned `url()`, and a page load whose `onPageEnter` did, answer\n * with the `lb-url` item alone: the caller builds a context at the new URL,\n * calls `dataForPage` with it and `follow` false, and sends the load beside the\n * item. `hubRoutes` does exactly that.\n */\nexport interface Hub {\n  /** A page load: its `onPageEnter`, then all of its queries. */\n  dataForPage(\n    page: string,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    options?: PageLoadOptions,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse>;\n\n  /** A request: run the handler its name picks, then the refresh set. */\n  runRequest(\n    page: string,\n    request: HubRequest,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse>;\n}\n\n/** The camel-cased `Crud` key of a request Loadbare provides. */\nconst CRUD_KEYS: Record<string, keyof Crud> = {\n  [REQUEST_ROW_INSERT]: \"rowInsert\",\n  [REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE]: \"rowUpdate\",\n  [REQUEST_ROW_DELETE]: \"rowDelete\",\n};\n\n/**\n * Build the engine over a set of pages. The pages are fixed at startup; the\n * context is not, and arrives with each call.\n */\nexport function createHub(pages: Pages): Hub {\n  // Names beginning with the reserved prefix are Loadbare's — its own query,\n  // the requests it provides — so an application cannot declare one.\n  // Refused at startup, because a name is a fact about the page and not\n  // about any request.\n  for (const [page, entry] of Object.entries(pages)) {\n    const declared = [\n      ...Object.keys(entry.queries),\n      ...Object.keys(entry.requests.handlers ?? {}),\n      ...Object.keys(entry.requests.crud ?? {}),\n    ];\n    for (const name of declared) {\n      if (name.startsWith(LB_RESERVED_PREFIX)) {\n        throw new Error(\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' declares '${name}', but names ` +\n            `beginning with '${LB_RESERVED_PREFIX}' are reserved`,\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    // A crud handler always knows which rows it changed: an update or a\n    // delete names its row by key, and an insert has the new row's key once\n    // it has written it. So each can answer with a patch, and the hub places\n    // what the patch names by the query's order. Refreshing the whole set\n    // instead sends every row to say one thing. There is no case where that\n    // is the answer, so it is refused rather than warned about.\n    // An order is a fact about the query, so a malformed one is refused at\n    // startup, as a reserved name is.\n    // So is a column type the hub does not know.\n    for (const [name, query] of Object.entries(entry.queries)) {\n      for (const [column, type] of Object.entries(query.types ?? {})) {\n        if (!(COLUMN_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(type)) {\n          throw new Error(\n            `loadbare: page '${page}' query '${name}' declares column ` +\n              `'${column}' as '${type}'; a column type is one of ` +\n              `${COLUMN_TYPES.join(\", \")}`,\n          );\n        }\n      }\n      if (query.order === undefined) continue;\n      try {\n        parseOrder(query.order);\n      } catch (err) {\n        throw new Error(\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' query '${name}': ${(err as Error).message}`,\n        );\n      }\n    }\n\n    for (const [name, crud] of Object.entries(entry.requests.crud ?? {})) {\n      if (entry.queries[name]?.kind !== KIND_ROWS) continue;\n      for (const request of [\"rowInsert\", \"rowUpdate\", \"rowDelete\"] as const) {\n        if (crud[request]?.refresh.includes(name)) {\n          throw new Error(\n            `loadbare: page '${page}' refreshes '${name}' after its own ` +\n              `${request}; return the changed rows in a patch instead`,\n          );\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Answers into response items, adding the kind and key each query\n   * declared. An answer that disagrees with its declaration is a mistake in\n   * the application rather than a case to handle, and is left out: a page is\n   * better off missing one query than showing the wrong shape for it.\n   *\n   * A page load also adds each `rows` query's order and column types, which\n   * the hub keeps for the answers after it.\n   */\n  function items(page: string, data: HubData, load = false): HubResponse {\n    const out: ResponseItem[] = [];\n    for (const [name, result] of Object.entries(data)) {\n      const query = pages[page]?.queries[name];\n      if (!query) {\n        console.warn(`loadbare: page '${page}' declares no query '${name}'`);\n        continue;\n      }\n      const item: ResponseItem = {\n        query: name,\n        kind: query.kind,\n        key: query.key,\n      };\n      if (query.kind === KIND_ROW) {\n        if (Array.isArray(result) || patches.has(result as object)) {\n          console.warn(\n            `loadbare: query '${name}' is declared row but answered with ` +\n              `${Array.isArray(result) ? \"rows\" : \"a patch\"}`,\n          );\n          continue;\n        }\n        // No row reaches the browser as null, which JSON keeps and\n        // undefined it would drop.\n        item.row = (result ?? null) as Row | null;\n      } else {\n        if (result === null || result === undefined) {\n          console.warn(\n            `loadbare: query '${name}' is declared rows but answered with nothing`,\n          );\n          continue;\n        }\n        if (Array.isArray(result)) item.rows = result;\n        else item.patch = result as Patch;\n        if (load && query.order !== undefined) item.order = query.order;\n        if (load && query.types !== undefined) item.types = query.types;\n      }\n      out.push(item);\n    }\n    return out;\n  }\n\n  /** Run queries by name, each answering with all its rows or its row. */\n  async function run(\n    page: string,\n    names: string[],\n    ctx: HubContext,\n  ): Promise<HubData> {\n    const data: HubData = {};\n    for (const name of names) {\n      const query = pages[page]?.queries[name];\n      if (!query) {\n        console.warn(`loadbare: page '${page}' declares no query '${name}'`);\n        continue;\n      }\n      const result = await query.run(ctx);\n      if (Array.isArray(result) !== (query.kind === KIND_ROWS)) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: query '${name}' is declared ${query.kind} but answered ` +\n            `with ${Array.isArray(result) ? \"rows\" : result == null ? \"nothing\" : \"one row\"}`,\n        );\n        continue;\n      }\n      data[name] = result;\n    }\n    return data;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Run a handler, then its refresh set against the same context, laying\n   * what the handler itself returned over the refreshed queries — the\n   * narrower answer wins because it knows what actually changed.\n   *\n   * A handler that returned `url()` answers with the `lb-url` item alone.\n   * Loading the page there needs a context built at the new URL, and\n   * building one is the caller's.\n   */\n  async function settle(\n    page: string,\n    handler: Handler<never> | undefined,\n    request: RequestFields,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n    notFound: string,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse> {\n    if (!handler) {\n      console.warn(notFound);\n      return [];\n    }\n    const { [URL_QUERY]: moved, ...stated } =\n      (await handler.run(ctx, request as never)) ?? {};\n    const item = urlItem(page, moved);\n    if (item) return [item];\n    return items(page, {\n      ...(await run(page, handler.refresh, ctx)),\n      ...stated,\n    });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * An update or a delete for several rows: the page's `crud` entry runs once\n   * per key, as it would for each row alone, so an application writes\n   * nothing more to allow it. What each run returns is laid together, a\n   * patch onto a patch, and the refresh set runs once.\n   *\n   * A run that returns `url()` is reported and its row ignored: a URL names\n   * one view, and several rows cannot each choose it.\n   */\n  async function eachKey(\n    page: string,\n    name: string,\n    fields: RequestFields,\n    ctx: HubContext,\n  ): Promise<HubResponse> {\n    const { keys, ...one } = fields;\n    const query = fields.query ?? \"\";\n    const handler = pages[page]?.requests.crud?.[query]?.[CRUD_KEYS[name]!] as\n      | Handler<never>\n      | undefined;\n    if (!handler) {\n      console.warn(\n        `loadbare: page '${page}' declares no ${CRUD_KEYS[name]} for '${query}'`,\n      );\n      return [];\n    }\n    if (!Array.isArray(keys) || keys.some((key) => typeof key !== \"string\")) {\n      console.warn(`loadbare: '${name}' carries keys that are not strings`);\n      return [];\n    }\n    let stated: HubData = {};\n    for (const key of keys) {\n      const { [URL_QUERY]: moved, ...answer } =\n        (await handler.run(ctx, { ...one, key } as never)) ?? {};\n      if (moved !== undefined) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: ${CRUD_KEYS[name]} for '${query}' returned url() for ` +\n            `one of several rows, ignoring it`,\n        );\n      }\n      stated = layered(stated, answer);\n    }\n    return items(page, {\n      ...(await run(page, handler.refresh, ctx)),\n      ...stated,\n    });\n  }\n\n  return {\n    async dataForPage(page, ctx, { follow = true, parms } = {}) {\n      const entry = pages[page];\n      if (!entry) {\n        console.warn(`loadbare: no page '${page}'`);\n        return [];\n      }\n      const {\n        [URL_QUERY]: moved,\n        [CHOICES_QUERY]: chose,\n        ...stated\n      } = (await entry.requests.onPageEnter?.(ctx)) ?? {};\n      if (Object.keys(stated).length > 0) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' onPageEnter returned answers; it returns ` +\n            `url(), choices() or nothing, ignoring them`,\n        );\n      }\n      const item = follow ? urlItem(page, moved) : undefined;\n      if (item && !(parms && leadsHere(page, parms, item.row!))) return [item];\n      // The choices go first, so the rows that read them land by them.\n      return [\n        ...choicesItem(page, chose),\n        ...items(page, await run(page, Object.keys(entry.queries), ctx), true),\n      ];\n    },\n\n    runRequest(page, request, ctx) {\n      const { name, ...sent } = request;\n      // Only a column of lb-url holds several values, and the hub answers\n      // those itself: a column the server receives holds one.\n      if (sent.values !== undefined && !stringValues(sent.values)) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: '${name}' carries values that are not one string per ` +\n            `column, ignoring it`,\n        );\n        return Promise.resolve([]);\n      }\n      const fields = sent as RequestFields;\n      if (fields.rows !== undefined && !wellFormedRows(fields.rows)) {\n        console.warn(\n          `loadbare: '${name}' carries rows that are not keys and string ` +\n            `values by query, ignoring it`,\n        );\n        return Promise.resolve([]);\n      }\n      // The user's choices, told to the page. One with no `onChoices` is\n      // not keeping them, and is not told.\n      if (fields.query === CHOICES_QUERY) {\n        const onChoices = pages[page]?.requests.onChoices;\n        if (name !== REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE || !onChoices) {\n          return Promise.resolve([]);\n        }\n        return settle(\n          page,\n          {\n            run: (c: HubContext, r: RequestFields) =>\n              onChoices(c, r.values ?? {}),\n            refresh: [],\n          } as Handler<never>,\n          fields,\n          ctx,\n          \"\",\n        );\n      }\n      if (\n        fields.keys !== undefined &&\n        (name === REQUEST_ROW_UPDATE || name === REQUEST_ROW_DELETE)\n      ) {\n        return eachKey(page, name, fields, ctx);\n      }\n      if (isRowRequest(name)) {\n        const query = fields.query ?? \"\";\n        return settle(\n          page,\n          pages[page]?.requests.crud?.[query]?.[CRUD_KEYS[name]!] as\n            Handler<never> | undefined,\n          fields,\n          ctx,\n          `loadbare: page '${page}' declares no ${CRUD_KEYS[name]} for '${query}'`,\n        );\n      }\n      return settle(\n        page,\n        pages[page]?.requests.handlers?.[name] as Handler<never> | undefined,\n        fields,\n        ctx,\n        `loadbare: page '${page}' declares no request '${name}'`,\n      );\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n/** Values as a server request carries them: one string per column. */\nfunction stringValues(values: unknown): values is Record<string, string> {\n  return (\n    typeof values === \"object\" &&\n    values !== null &&\n    !Array.isArray(values) &&\n    Object.values(values).every((v) => typeof v === \"string\")\n  );\n}\n\n/** Gathered rows as the hub sends them: string keys and string values. */\nfunction wellFormedRows(rows: unknown): boolean {\n  if (typeof rows !== \"object\" || rows === null || Array.isArray(rows)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return Object.values(rows).every(\n    (set) =>\n      Array.isArray(set) &&\n      set.every(\n        (row) =>\n          typeof row === \"object\" &&\n          row !== null &&\n          typeof row.key === \"string\" &&\n          typeof row.values === \"object\" &&\n          row.values !== null &&\n          Object.values(row.values).every((v) => typeof v === \"string\"),\n      ),\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Two answers as one: a patch laid onto a patch for the same query keeps\n * what both name, and any other answer replaces the one before it.\n */\nfunction layered(before: HubData, after: HubData): HubData {\n  const out: HubData = { ...before };\n  for (const [name, answer] of Object.entries(after)) {\n    const was = out[name];\n    if (was && patches.has(was) && patches.has(answer as object)) {\n      const a = was as Patch;\n      const b = answer as Patch;\n      out[name] = patch({\n        rows: [...(a.rows ?? []), ...(b.rows ?? [])],\n        drop: [...(a.drop ?? []), ...(b.drop ?? [])],\n      });\n    } else {\n      out[name] = answer;\n    }\n  }\n  return out;\n}\n\n/**\n * The `lb-url` item for a row a handler or `onPageEnter` returned, or\n * nothing when it returned none or one that cannot be used. Whatever\n * returned it has already run, so a row that cannot be used is reported and\n * the call goes on as if none had been returned.\n */\nfunction urlItem(page: string, moved: unknown): ResponseItem | undefined {\n  if (moved === undefined) return undefined;\n  const refused = unusableUrl(moved, true);\n  if (refused === undefined) {\n    return {\n      query: URL_QUERY,\n      kind: KIND_ROW,\n      key: URL_COLUMN_PATH,\n      row: moved as Row,\n    };\n  }\n  console.warn(\n    `loadbare: page '${page}' returned ${URL_QUERY} ${refused}, ignoring it`,\n  );\n  return undefined;\n}\n\n/**\n * The `lb-choices` item for the choices `onPageEnter` returned, or nothing\n * when it returned none or ones that cannot be used, which are reported.\n */\nfunction choicesItem(page: string, chose: unknown): ResponseItem[] {\n  if (chose === undefined) return [];\n  const refused = unusableUrl(chose, false);\n  if (refused !== undefined) {\n    console.warn(\n      `loadbare: page '${page}' returned ${CHOICES_QUERY} ${refused}, ` +\n        `ignoring it`,\n    );\n    return [];\n  }\n  return [\n    {\n      query: CHOICES_QUERY,\n      kind: KIND_ROW,\n      key: URL_COLUMN_PATH,\n      row: chose as Row,\n    },\n  ];\n}\n\n/** Whether a row for `lb-url` leads to the page and parms already in hand. */\nfunction leadsHere(page: string, parms: URLSearchParams, row: Row): boolean {\n  const next = nextLocation(page, parms, row);\n  return next.page === page && next.parms.toString() === parms.toString();\n}\n\n/**\n * Why a returned row for `lb-url` or `lb-choices` cannot be used, or nothing\n * when it can.\n *\n * A value is a string, as a control's is and a URL's is, or for `lb-url`,\n * whose parms a URL may repeat, an array of strings. At least one column is\n * named: a row naming none changes nothing.\n */\nfunction unusableUrl(columns: unknown, several: boolean): string | undefined {\n  if (\n    typeof columns !== \"object\" ||\n    columns === null ||\n    Array.isArray(columns)\n  ) {\n    return \"that is not a row\";\n  }\n  const values = Object.values(columns);\n  if (values.length === 0) return \"naming no column\";\n  const usable = (v: unknown) =>\n    typeof v === \"string\" ||\n    (several && Array.isArray(v) && v.every((e) => typeof e === \"string\"));\n  if (!values.every(usable)) {\n    return several\n      ? `holding a value that is not a string or an array of strings`\n      : `holding a value that is not a string; write each value as \"...\"`;\n  }\n  return undefined;\n}\n"]}

package/docs/comparison.md

@@ -263,12 +263,12 @@ At run time the hub performs a closed set of operations:
 | A `row` that is `null`                               | Land its columns as null and remove `lb-key-value`; under a row template, the row leaves                                                          |
 | A new key through a row template                     | Clone the row template, stamp `lb-row-live` and `lb-key-value`, fill it, insert it                                                                |
 | All rows                                             | Place every row by the query's order, or the user's; remove rows whose keys did not arrive                                                        |
-| An answer to a request from inside the list          | Leave the rows already showing where they stand, stamp `lb-row-unsorted` on each out of order                                                     |
+| An answer to a request, under `lb-manual`            | Leave the rows already showing where they stand, stamp `lb-row-unplaced` on each out of place                                                     |
 | A patch                                              | Upsert the rows named, remove the keys named, leave other rows in place                                                                           |
 | A group template                                     | Build a group where the order breaks, keep it while its run goes on, remove it with its last row                                                  |
 | An aggregate (`lb-count`, `lb-sum` and the rest)     | Set the element from the rows showing in its group, or in the whole list                                                                          |
 | A row changes, moves or leaves                       | Stamp `lb-row-created`, `lb-row-changed`, `lb-row-moved`, `lb-row-requested` or `lb-row-leaving`; remove a leaving row once its animations finish |
-| After rows land                                      | Stamp `lb-query-row-count`, `lb-query-unsorted-count` and `lb-query-order`                                                                        |
+| After rows land                                      | Stamp `lb-query-row-count`, `lb-query-unplaced-count` and `lb-query-order`                                                                        |
 | The user makes a choice                              | Land `lb-choices`, place and filter the rows already held again, tell the server                                                                  |
 | A row the user's filter does not pass                | Set `hidden` on it                                                                                                                                |
 | An `lb-show` column                                  | Move the element into, or out of, a `<template lb-show>`                                                                                          |
@@ -567,9 +567,9 @@ request the page declares.
   the row the button sits in, as the hub holds it, with no round trip;
   `--lb-new` starts it empty for an insert; `--lb-release` lets it go.
   Inside a `<dialog>`, pointing opens the dialog and letting go closes it.
-- An edit from inside a list leaves that list's rows where they stand.  A
-  fourth command, `--lb-sort`, aimed at the list, places them by the order
-  with no round trip.
+- A list carrying `lb-manual` leaves its rows where they stand, by order,
+  filter or both, for an answer to any request.  A fourth command,
+  `--lb-place`, aimed at the list, places them with no round trip.
 - `<input type="checkbox" lb-select>` in a row template selects its row.  An
   update or delete for the query that names no one row carries the selected
   keys as `keys`, and the server runs `rowUpdate` or `rowDelete` once per
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ Checked at build time, as errors:
   the browser's lifecycle callbacks
 - a chrome without exactly one `<lb-hub>` and one empty `<main>` inside it,
   and a page carrying either
-- an `lb-` attribute in markup that is not one of the seventeen a developer
+- an `lb-` attribute in markup that is not one of the eighteen a developer
   writes; the rest are stamps, and script never assigns them
 - an `lb-request` value beginning with `lb-` that is not one of the three
   requests Loadbare provides
@@ -827,8 +827,8 @@ Nothing is scoped, renamed, added or removed.
   styled with `[lb-query-row-count="0"]`.
 - Every change the hub makes to a list is stamped: `lb-row-created`,
   `lb-row-changed`, `lb-row-moved`, `lb-row-requested`, `lb-row-leaving` and
-  `lb-group-leaving`, and a row an edit left out of order carries
-  `lb-row-unsorted`.  A leaving row is removed once its animations finish,
+  `lb-group-leaving`, and a row an answer left out of place carries
+  `lb-row-unplaced`.  A leaving row is removed once its animations finish,
   so an application animates rows with CSS alone.
 
 ### Elsewhere
@@ -988,11 +988,11 @@ cross-reference.
 
 | Owned                                | Count | Names                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
 | ------------------------------------ | ----- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `lb-*` attributes a developer writes | 17    | `lb-query`, `lb-column`, `lb-show`, `lb-group`, `lb-count`, `lb-sum`, `lb-avg`, `lb-min`, `lb-max`, `lb-order`, `lb-filter`, `lb-request`, `lb-select`, `lb-url-link`, `lb-url-parm`, `lb-url-push`, `lb-url-unknown`                                                                                                                                                                     |
-| `lb-*` stamps                        | 28    | `lb-column-value`, `lb-key-value`, `lb-row-live`, `lb-query-row-count`, `lb-query-unsorted-count`, `lb-query-order`, `lb-group-live`, `lb-group-column`, `lb-group-value`, `lb-row-created`, `lb-row-changed`, `lb-row-moved`, `lb-row-requested`, `lb-row-unsorted`, `lb-row-leaving`, `lb-group-leaving`, `lb-row-editing`, `lb-row-selected`, `lb-request-pending`, `lb-request-error`, `lb-request-refused`, `lb-page`, `lb-page-title`, and on `<lb-hub>` `lb-load-state`, `lb-server-state`, `lb-error`, `lb-pending`, `lb-as-of` |
+| `lb-*` attributes a developer writes | 18    | `lb-query`, `lb-column`, `lb-show`, `lb-group`, `lb-count`, `lb-sum`, `lb-avg`, `lb-min`, `lb-max`, `lb-order`, `lb-filter`, `lb-manual`, `lb-request`, `lb-select`, `lb-url-link`, `lb-url-parm`, `lb-url-push`, `lb-url-unknown`                                                                                                                                                                     |
+| `lb-*` stamps                        | 28    | `lb-column-value`, `lb-key-value`, `lb-row-live`, `lb-query-row-count`, `lb-query-unplaced-count`, `lb-query-order`, `lb-group-live`, `lb-group-column`, `lb-group-value`, `lb-row-created`, `lb-row-changed`, `lb-row-moved`, `lb-row-requested`, `lb-row-unplaced`, `lb-row-leaving`, `lb-group-leaving`, `lb-row-editing`, `lb-row-selected`, `lb-request-pending`, `lb-request-error`, `lb-request-refused`, `lb-page`, `lb-page-title`, and on `<lb-hub>` `lb-load-state`, `lb-server-state`, `lb-error`, `lb-pending`, `lb-as-of` |
 | `lb-*` build-time attributes         | 2     | `lb-exp-slot`, `lb-exp-template`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
 | Requests Loadbare provides           | 3     | `lb-row-insert`, `lb-row-update`, `lb-row-delete`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
-| Commands for `commandfor`            | 4     | `--lb-edit`, `--lb-new`, `--lb-release`, `--lb-sort`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
+| Commands for `commandfor`            | 4     | `--lb-edit`, `--lb-new`, `--lb-release`, `--lb-place`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
 | `lb*` methods on custom elements     | 4     | `lbAttached`, `lbRowsLanded`, `lbRequestDone`, `lbDetached`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
 | Attribute namespace for expansion    | 1     | `exp-*`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
 | Reserved tags                        | 1     | `<lb-hub>`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |

package/docs/miswarts.md

@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ template, and only the `name`.
 
 ## Checkboxes and radio groups always gather a value
 
-**What.**  An unchecked checkbox gathers `"false"`, a checked one
-`"true"`, and its `value` attribute means nothing to the hub.  A radio
-group with none checked gathers `""`.
+**What.**  A checkbox without a `value` attribute is a flag: unchecked it
+gathers `"false"`, checked `"true"`.  A radio group with none checked
+gathers `""`.  A checkbox carrying `value` is one of a set holding a query
+parm, and gathers as HTML has it.
 
 **Rule broken.**  Where HTML already has an opinion, Loadbare/app
 follows it.  HTML sends a checkbox's `value` when it

package/docs/reference/chrome.md

@@ -238,6 +238,48 @@ and after Back alike
 Loadbare assigns no parm a meaning, and a column of `lb-url` whose name
 begins with `lb-` is never a query parm.
 
+### Several values
+
+A URL may repeat a parm, `/statements?band=3&band=5`, as an HTML form does
+for a `<select multiple>` or for checkboxes sharing a name. That column of
+`lb-url` holds every value, in order, as an array of strings. A parm the URL
+carries once is a string, as it always is. Two controls hold several values:
+
+```html
+<div lb-query="lb-url">
+  <select multiple lb-column="band" lb-request="lb-row-update">
+    <option value="3">Cash</option>
+    <option value="5">Investments</option>
+  </select>
+</div>
+
+<form lb-query="lb-url" lb-request="lb-row-update">
+  <label><input type="checkbox" lb-column="band" value="3" /> Cash</label>
+  <label><input type="checkbox" lb-column="band" value="5" /> Investments</label>
+  <button>Show</button>
+</form>
+```
+
+- A `<select multiple>` selects each option whose `value` is among the
+  column's, and writes the values of the options selected.
+- A checkbox carrying `value` is one of a set naming the column. It is
+  checked when its `value` is among the column's, and the set writes the
+  values of the ones checked. A checkbox without `value` is a flag; see
+  [Checkboxes](./data-binding.md#checkboxes).
+- Writing no value takes the parm out of the URL.
+- Either control carries the values as a JSON array in `lb-column-value`.
+- A control that holds one value, and any other element, shows the first,
+  as `URLSearchParams.get` reads it. A form-associated custom element
+  receives the value as it is, a string or an array, and may give an array
+  back; see [Being a control](./custom-elements.md#being-a-control).
+- A handler's `url()` writes several values as an array of strings, and
+  `contextFor` reads them with `parms.getAll`.
+
+Only a column of `lb-url` holds several values. Every other column holds
+one, so the builder refuses a control holding several anywhere but inside
+`lb-query="lb-url"`, and the server ignores a request that carries several
+for a column of its own.
+
 A query parm is user input. A query still takes no argument from the
 browser, and a parm arrives the way the session cookie does, as part of the
 request the context is built from, but a user who types `?acct=99999`

package/docs/reference/custom-elements.md

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ Each direction has one mechanism for each kind of message:
 
 | Direction      | What                                       | How                         | Today |
 |----------------|--------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|-------|
-| Hub to element | State that lasts                           | An attribute the hub stamps | `lb-column-value`, `lb-key-value`, `lb-query-row-count`, `lb-query-unsorted-count`, `lb-query-order`, `lb-group-*`, `lb-row-*`, `lb-request-pending`, `lb-request-error`, `lb-request-refused` |
+| Hub to element | State that lasts                           | An attribute the hub stamps | `lb-column-value`, `lb-key-value`, `lb-query-row-count`, `lb-query-unplaced-count`, `lb-query-order`, `lb-group-*`, `lb-row-*`, `lb-request-pending`, `lb-request-error`, `lb-request-refused` |
 | Hub to element | State the platform already names           | A property                  | A control's `value` |
 | Hub to element | What the hub did                           | An optional `lb` method     | `lbAttached`, `lbRowsLanded`, `lbRequestDone`, `lbDetached` |
 | Hub to element | A moment an element started                | A bubbling event            | `lb-request-done` |
@@ -404,6 +404,11 @@ customElements.define("star-rating", StarRating);
 Dispatch `change` with `bubbles: true`, as a native control's does, when the
 user commits an edit. Setting `value` from the hub fires nothing.
 
+Inside `lb-query="lb-url"`, a control may hold several values. The hub sets
+its `value` to a string, or to an array of strings when the URL repeats the
+parm, and gathers an array back when `value` gives one; see
+[Several values](./chrome.md#several-values).
+
 A form owns a form-associated custom element the way it owns an `<input>`,
 including through the HTML `form` attribute, so a form gathers it on submit.
 Write `formResetCallback` to restore the default value: the hub resets a form
@@ -627,7 +632,7 @@ had there hears the event, and no custom element the hub has removed hears
 ### Holding rows
 
 The hub lands every row template itself, places every row by the query's
-order (see [Rows the user is working in](./data-binding.md#rows-the-user-is-working-in)
+order (see [Placing by hand](./data-binding.md#placing-by-hand)
 for when it does not), and builds every group the markup's group templates describe; see
 [Order](./data-binding.md#order) and [Groups](./data-binding.md#groups). A
 plain element carrying `lb-query` with a row template inside it needs no
@@ -656,12 +661,12 @@ Everything else is the hub's:
 |-------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
 | Cloning     | Clones the row template once per new key                 |
 | Matching    | Fills the live row already showing that key, when its values changed |
-| Placing     | Places every live row by the user's order or the query's, and leaves them where they stand for an edit from inside the list |
+| Placing     | Places every live row by the user's order or the query's, and leaves them where they stand for an answer under `lb-manual` |
 | Filtering   | Hides a row the user's filter does not pass, and a group whose rows are all hidden |
 | Grouping    | Builds a group where the order breaks, keeps it while its run goes on, and removes it with its last row |
 | Removing    | Marks the live rows the response says are gone as leaving, and removes them |
 | Stamping    | Stamps each live row with `lb-row-live`, `lb-key-value`, and what happened to it |
-| Counting    | Stamps `lb-query-row-count` with the number of live rows showing, `lb-query-unsorted-count` with the number out of order, and `lb-query-order` with the order placing them |
+| Counting    | Stamps `lb-query-row-count` with the number of live rows showing, `lb-query-unplaced-count` with the number out of place, and `lb-query-order` with the order placing them |
 
 `lb-options.browser.ts` and `lb-table.browser.ts` in
 [`@loadbare/widgets`](./widgets.md) are two uses of `lbRowsLanded`: one