@lix-js/sdk 0.5.0-preview.1 → 0.5.1

package/dist/state/vtable/validate-state-mutation.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3655 @@
+import { test, expect } from "vitest";
+import { openLix } from "../../lix/open-lix.js";
+import { validateStateMutation } from "./validate-state-mutation.js";
+import { Kysely, sql } from "kysely";
+import { createVersion } from "../../version/create-version.js";
+test("throws if the schema is not a valid lix schema", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        properties: {
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+        // @ts-expect-error - x-version is missing
+    };
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        // @ts-expect-error - x-key is missing
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError();
+});
+test("inserts the version and active version schemas to enable validation", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [
+            {
+                key: "lix_deterministic_mode",
+                value: { enabled: true },
+                lixcol_version_id: "global",
+            },
+        ],
+    });
+    const result = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("stored_schema")
+        .select("value")
+        .where(sql `json_extract("stored_schema"."value", '$."x-lix-key"')`, "in", [
+        "lix_version_tip",
+        "lix_active_version",
+        "lix_version_descriptor",
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    expect(result.length).toBe(3);
+});
+test("valid lix schema with a valid snapshot passes", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock",
+        properties: {
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const snapshot = {
+        content: {
+            name: "John",
+        },
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("an invalid snapshot fails", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock",
+        properties: {
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const snapshot = {
+        content: {
+            foo: "John",
+        },
+    };
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError();
+});
+test("throws when stored schema is missing", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "missing_stored_schema_test",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "1" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/is not stored/i);
+});
+test("passes when primary key is unique", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const snapshot = {
+        content: {
+            id: "user1",
+            name: "John",
+        },
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("throws when primary key violates uniqueness constraint", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema first
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    // Insert first user into state
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+        snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Try to insert another user with same primary key
+    const duplicateSnapshot = {
+        content: {
+            id: "user1",
+            name: "Jane",
+        },
+    };
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: duplicateSnapshot.content,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Primary key constraint violation");
+});
+test("primary key validation ignores inherited entities", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [
+            {
+                key: "lix_deterministic_mode",
+                value: { enabled: true },
+                lixcol_version_id: "global",
+            },
+        ],
+    });
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "pk_local_only",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/key"],
+        properties: {
+            key: { type: "string" },
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["key", "value"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const parentVersion = await createVersion({ lix, id: "parent-version" });
+    const childVersion = await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        id: "child-version",
+        inheritsFrom: { id: parentVersion.id },
+    });
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "entity-to-override",
+        schema_key: schema["x-lix-key"],
+        file_id: "lix",
+        plugin_key: "lix_sdk",
+        version_id: parentVersion.id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            key: "entity-to-override",
+            value: "parent-value",
+        },
+        schema_version: schema["x-lix-version"],
+        untracked: false,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            key: "entity-to-override",
+            value: "child-value",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: childVersion.id,
+    })).not.toThrow();
+});
+test("primary key validation is scoped per file", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "pk_file_scope",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    const fileAlpha = "alpha.md";
+    const fileBeta = "beta.md";
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "duplicate-user",
+        schema_key: schema["x-lix-key"],
+        file_id: fileAlpha,
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "same-id", name: "Existing" },
+        schema_version: schema["x-lix-version"],
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const baseArgs = {
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "same-id", name: "New" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        ...baseArgs,
+        file_id: fileBeta,
+    })).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        ...baseArgs,
+        file_id: fileAlpha,
+    })).toThrowError("Primary key constraint violation");
+});
+test("unique validation ignores inherited entities", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [
+            {
+                key: "lix_deterministic_mode",
+                value: { enabled: true },
+                lixcol_version_id: "global",
+            },
+        ],
+    });
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "unique_local_only",
+        "x-lix-unique": [["/slug"]],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            slug: { type: "string" },
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "slug", "value"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const parentVersion = await createVersion({ lix, id: "unique-parent" });
+    const childVersion = await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        id: "unique-child",
+        inheritsFrom: { id: parentVersion.id },
+    });
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "unique-parent-entity",
+        schema_key: schema["x-lix-key"],
+        file_id: "lix",
+        plugin_key: "lix_own_entity",
+        version_id: parentVersion.id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "unique-parent-entity",
+            slug: "conflicting-slug",
+            value: "parent",
+        },
+        schema_version: schema["x-lix-version"],
+        untracked: false,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "unique-child-entity",
+            slug: "conflicting-slug",
+            value: "child",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: childVersion.id,
+    })).not.toThrow();
+});
+test("unique validation is scoped per file", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "unique_file_scope",
+        "x-lix-unique": [["/slug"]],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            slug: { type: "string" },
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "slug", "value"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    const fileAlpha = "alpha-file.md";
+    const fileBeta = "beta-file.md";
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "unique-entity",
+        schema_key: schema["x-lix-key"],
+        file_id: fileAlpha,
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "unique-entity",
+            slug: "shared-slug",
+            value: "existing",
+        },
+        schema_version: schema["x-lix-version"],
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const baseArgs = {
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "other-entity",
+            slug: "shared-slug",
+            value: "new",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        ...baseArgs,
+        file_id: fileBeta,
+    })).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        ...baseArgs,
+        file_id: fileAlpha,
+    })).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+});
+test("immutable schemas reject repeated inserts", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        "x-lix-key": "immutable_schema_test",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-immutable": true,
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "1", name: "first" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrow();
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "1",
+        schema_key: schema["x-lix-key"],
+        file_id: "lix",
+        plugin_key: "lix_sdk",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "1", name: "first" },
+        schema_version: schema["x-lix-version"],
+        untracked: false,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "1", name: "second" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrow(/Primary key constraint violation/);
+    await lix.close();
+});
+test("state_by_version: inserting same PK twice in one transaction rejects duplicate", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Define a mock schema with PK on 'key'
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "kv_mock_vtab",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/key"],
+        properties: {
+            key: { type: "string" },
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["key", "value"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Register schema
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    // Execute both inserts in a single DB transaction so that the duplicate PK is detected
+    await expect(lix.db.transaction().execute(async (trx) => {
+        await trx
+            .insertInto("state_by_version")
+            .values({
+            entity_id: "kv_vtab1",
+            file_id: "lix",
+            schema_key: "kv_mock_vtab",
+            plugin_key: "lix_own_entity",
+            version_id: sql `(SELECT version_id FROM active_version)`,
+            snapshot_content: { key: "test", value: "A" },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        })
+            .execute();
+        await trx
+            .insertInto("state_by_version")
+            .values({
+            entity_id: "kv_vtab1",
+            file_id: "lix",
+            schema_key: "kv_mock_vtab",
+            plugin_key: "lix_own_entity",
+            version_id: sql `(SELECT version_id FROM active_version)`,
+            snapshot_content: { key: "test", value: "B" },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        })
+            .execute();
+    })).rejects.toThrow(/Primary key constraint violation/);
+    await lix.close();
+});
+test("handles composite primary keys", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user_role",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/user_id", "/role_id"],
+        properties: {
+            user_id: { type: "string" },
+            role_id: { type: "string" },
+            assigned_date: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["user_id", "role_id", "assigned_date"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema first
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    // Insert first user-role into state
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user_role1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user_role",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+        snapshot_content: {
+            user_id: "user1",
+            role_id: "admin",
+            assigned_date: "2024-01-01",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should pass (different composite key)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            user_id: "user1",
+            role_id: "editor",
+            assigned_date: "2024-01-02",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail (same composite key)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            user_id: "user1",
+            role_id: "admin",
+            assigned_date: "2024-01-03",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Primary key constraint violation");
+});
+test("passes when unique constraint is satisfied", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-unique": [["/email"], ["/username"]],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            email: { type: "string" },
+            username: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "email", "username", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const snapshot = {
+        content: {
+            id: "user1",
+            email: "john@example.com",
+            username: "john_doe",
+            name: "John Doe",
+        },
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        operation: "insert",
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("throws when single field unique constraint is violated", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-unique": [["/email"], ["/username"]],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            email: { type: "string" },
+            username: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "email", "username", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema first
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    // Insert first user into state
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "user1",
+            email: "john@example.com",
+            username: "john_doe",
+            name: "John Doe",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Try to insert another user with same email (unique constraint violation)
+    const duplicateEmailSnapshot = {
+        content: {
+            id: "user2",
+            email: "john@example.com", // Same email
+            username: "jane_doe",
+            name: "Jane Doe",
+        },
+    };
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: duplicateEmailSnapshot.content,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+    // Try to insert another user with same username (unique constraint violation)
+    const duplicateUsernameSnapshot = {
+        content: {
+            id: "user3",
+            email: "jane@example.com",
+            username: "john_doe", // Same username
+            name: "Jane Smith",
+        },
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: duplicateUsernameSnapshot.content,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+});
+test("handles composite unique constraints", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "product",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-unique": [
+            ["/category", "/name"], // Composite unique constraint
+            ["/sku"], // Single field unique constraint
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            category: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+            sku: { type: "string" },
+            price: { type: "number" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "category", "name", "sku", "price"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema first
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    // Insert first product into state
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "product1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "product",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "product1",
+            category: "electronics",
+            name: "Laptop",
+            sku: "ELEC-LAP-001",
+            price: 999.99,
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should pass (different composite unique key)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "product2",
+            category: "electronics",
+            name: "Desktop", // Different name in same category
+            sku: "ELEC-DES-001",
+            price: 1299.99,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should pass (same name in different category)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "product3",
+            category: "furniture", // Different category
+            name: "Laptop", // Same name but different category
+            sku: "FURN-LAP-001",
+            price: 599.99,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail (same composite unique key: category + name)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "product4",
+            category: "electronics",
+            name: "Laptop", // Same category + name combination
+            sku: "ELEC-LAP-002",
+            price: 899.99,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+    // This should fail (same SKU)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "product5",
+            category: "accessories",
+            name: "Mouse",
+            sku: "ELEC-LAP-001", // Same SKU
+            price: 29.99,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+});
+test("passes when foreign key references exist", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    // Insert a user that will be referenced
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "user1",
+            name: "John Doe",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should pass - foreign key reference exists
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post1",
+            author_id: "user1",
+            title: "My First Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("foreign key validation is scoped per file", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const fileSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "file_record",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            path: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "path"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const annotationSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "file_annotation",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/file_ref"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: fileSchema["x-lix-key"],
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            file_ref: { type: "string" },
+            body: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "file_ref", "body"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: fileSchema }, { value: annotationSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    const fileAlpha = "alpha.md";
+    const fileBeta = "beta.md";
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "file-alpha",
+        schema_key: fileSchema["x-lix-key"],
+        file_id: fileAlpha,
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "file-alpha", path: fileAlpha },
+        schema_version: fileSchema["x-lix-version"],
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const baseArgs = {
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: annotationSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "annotation-alpha",
+            file_ref: "file-alpha",
+            body: "Scoped reference",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        ...baseArgs,
+        file_id: fileAlpha,
+    })).not.toThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        ...baseArgs,
+        file_id: fileBeta,
+    })).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+test("throws when foreign key reference does not exist", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should fail - foreign key reference does not exist
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post1",
+            author_id: "nonexistent_user",
+            title: "My First Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+test("handles multiple foreign keys", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const categorySchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "category",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+            {
+                properties: ["/category_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "category",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+            category_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "author_id", "category_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([
+        { value: userSchema },
+        { value: categorySchema },
+        { value: postSchema },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // Insert referenced entities
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values([
+        {
+            entity_id: "user1",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "user",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+            snapshot_content: {
+                id: "user1",
+                name: "John Doe",
+            },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+        {
+            entity_id: "category1",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "category",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+            snapshot_content: {
+                id: "category1",
+                name: "Technology",
+            },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should pass - all foreign key references exist
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post1",
+            author_id: "user1",
+            category_id: "category1",
+            title: "My Tech Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail - category reference does not exist
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post2",
+            author_id: "user1",
+            category_id: "nonexistent_category",
+            title: "Another Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+test("allows null foreign key values", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should pass - null foreign key is allowed
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post1",
+            author_id: null,
+            title: "Anonymous Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should also pass - undefined foreign key (when not required)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post2",
+            title: "Another Anonymous Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("handles composite foreign keys", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Create a schema that uses composite primary key
+    const addressSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "address",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/country", "/postal_code", "/street"],
+        properties: {
+            country: { type: "string" },
+            postal_code: { type: "string" },
+            street: { type: "string" },
+            city: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["country", "postal_code", "street", "city"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Create a schema that references the composite key
+    const deliverySchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "delivery",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/address_country", "/address_postal", "/address_street"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "address",
+                    properties: ["/country", "/postal_code", "/street"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            address_country: { type: "string" },
+            address_postal: { type: "string" },
+            address_street: { type: "string" },
+            package_id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: [
+            "id",
+            "address_country",
+            "address_postal",
+            "address_street",
+            "package_id",
+        ],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: addressSchema }, { value: deliverySchema }])
+        .execute();
+    // Insert an address that will be referenced
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "addr1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "address",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+        snapshot_content: {
+            country: "USA",
+            postal_code: "12345",
+            street: "123 Main St",
+            city: "Springfield",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should pass - composite foreign key reference exists
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: deliverySchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "delivery1",
+            address_country: "USA",
+            address_postal: "12345",
+            address_street: "123 Main St",
+            package_id: "pkg123",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail - composite foreign key reference doesn't exist (wrong postal code)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: deliverySchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "delivery2",
+            address_country: "USA",
+            address_postal: "54321", // Wrong postal code
+            address_street: "123 Main St",
+            package_id: "pkg456",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/Foreign key constraint violation.*\/address_country, \/address_postal, \/address_street.*referencing.*address.*\/country, \/postal_code, \/street/);
+});
+test("foreign key referencing real SQL table (change.id)", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Insert a real change record into the change table
+    await lix.db
+        // @ts-expect-error - lix_internal_snapshot is not a public table
+        .insertInto("lix_internal_snapshot")
+        .values({
+        id: "snap1",
+        content: sql `jsonb(${JSON.stringify({ id: "entity1" })})`,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    await lix.db
+        // @ts-expect-error - lix_internal_change is not a public table
+        .insertInto("lix_internal_change")
+        .values({
+        id: "change1",
+        entity_id: "entity1",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        schema_key: "test_schema",
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        snapshot_id: "snap1",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const changeSetElementSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "change_set_element_test",
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/change_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "lix_change",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            change_id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "change_id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: changeSetElementSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should pass - foreign key references existing change record
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: changeSetElementSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "element1",
+            change_id: "change1",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail - foreign key references non-existent change
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: changeSetElementSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "element2",
+            change_id: "nonexistent_change",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+test("allows updates with same primary key", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema first
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    // Insert initial user
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+        snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John Doe" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // This should pass - updating existing record with same primary key
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "user1", // Same primary key
+            name: "John Smith", // Different data
+        },
+        operation: "update",
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("unique constraints are validated per version, not globally", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "file",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-unique": [["/path"]], // Unique path constraint
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            path: { type: "string" },
+            content: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "path", "content"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema first
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    // Create two different versions
+    await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        id: "version0",
+    });
+    await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        id: "version1",
+    });
+    // Insert file with path "/app.js" in version1
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "file1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "file",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: "version0",
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "file1",
+            path: "/app.js",
+            content: "console.log('version 0');",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // This should pass - same path in different version should be allowed
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "file2",
+            path: "/app.js", // Same path but different version
+            content: "console.log('version 1');",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: "version1",
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail - same path in same version
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "file3",
+            path: "/app.js", // Same path and same version
+            content: "console.log('duplicate');",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: "version0",
+    })).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+});
+test("throws when version_id is not provided", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        // @ts-expect-error - version_id is required but missing
+        version_id: undefined,
+    })).toThrowError("version_id is required");
+});
+test("throws when referenced version does not exist", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: "nonexistent_version",
+    })).toThrowError("Version with id 'nonexistent_version' does not exist");
+});
+test("passes when version_id is provided and version exists", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("should prevent deletion when foreign keys reference the entity", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert a user that will be referenced
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "user1",
+            name: "John Doe",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Insert a post that references the user
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "post1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "post",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post1",
+            author_id: "user1",
+            title: "My First Post",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // This should fail - cannot delete user because post references it
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: userSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {}, // Not used for delete operations
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/Foreign key constraint violation.*referenced by.*post.*author_id/i);
+});
+test("should allow deletion when no foreign keys reference the entity", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: userSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert a user with no references
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "user1",
+            name: "John Doe",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // This should pass - no foreign keys reference this user
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: userSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {}, // Not used for delete operations
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "user1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("materialized FK: insert allowed without referenced; delete restricts", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Define a simple parent/child with materialized FK on child.parent_id -> parent.id
+    const parentSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mfk_parent",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const childSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mfk_child",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/parent_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "mfk_parent",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+                mode: "materialized",
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            parent_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "parent_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: parentSchema }, { value: childSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert child referencing a not-yet-existing parent: should NOT throw (materialized mode skips insert-time check)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: childSchema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "c1", parent_id: "p1", title: "hello" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // Materialize the child row so delete-time reverse FK check sees it
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "c1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "mfk_child",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "c1", parent_id: "p1", title: "hello" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Insert the parent rows
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values([
+        {
+            entity_id: "p1",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "mfk_parent",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+            snapshot_content: { id: "p1", name: "parent one" },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+        {
+            entity_id: "p2",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "mfk_parent",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+            snapshot_content: { id: "p2", name: "parent two" },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // Delete-time: p1 is referenced by child → should throw
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: parentSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "p1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/Foreign key constraint violation.*referenced by.*mfk_child.*parent_id/i);
+    // Delete-time: p2 has no references → should not throw
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: parentSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "p2",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("should throw when deleting non-existent entity", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: userSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should fail - entity does not exist
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: userSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "nonexistent_user",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/Cannot delete entity 'nonexistent_user' in version '.+' because it does not exist in this version\./);
+});
+test("should throw when entity_id is missing for delete operations", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: userSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should fail - entity_id is required for delete
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: userSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "delete",
+        // entity_id is missing
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("entity_id is required for delete operations");
+});
+test("should handle deletion validation for change sets referenced by versions", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Create change sets
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("change_set_by_version")
+        .values([
+        { id: "cs_referenced", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "cs_working", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // Create commits that reference the change sets
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("commit_by_version")
+        .values([
+        {
+            id: "commit_1",
+            change_set_id: "cs_referenced",
+            lixcol_version_id: "global",
+        },
+        {
+            id: "working_commit_1",
+            change_set_id: "cs_working",
+            lixcol_version_id: "global",
+        },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // Create a version that references the commits
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("version")
+        .values({
+        id: "v1",
+        name: "test_version",
+        commit_id: "commit_1",
+        working_commit_id: "working_commit_1",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // const activeVersion = await lix.db
+    // 	.selectFrom("active_version")
+    // 	.select("version_id")
+    // 	.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Get the change set schema
+    const changeSetSchema = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("stored_schema")
+        .select("value")
+        .where(sql `json_extract("stored_schema"."value", '$."x-lix-key"')`, "=", "lix_change_set")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // This should fail - cannot delete change set because version references it
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: changeSetSchema.value,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "cs_referenced",
+        file_id: "lix",
+        version_id: "global",
+    })).toThrowError(/Foreign key constraint violation.*Cannot delete entity.*referenced by.*lix_commit/i);
+});
+test("should parse JSON object properties before validation", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Define a schema with an object property
+    const documentSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "test_document",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+            body: {
+                type: "object",
+                properties: {
+                    type: { type: "string" },
+                    content: { type: "array" },
+                },
+                required: ["type", "content"],
+            },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "title", "body"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: documentSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Test with valid JSON object - this should pass
+    const validSnapshotContent = {
+        id: "doc1",
+        title: "Test Document",
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+            type: "zettel_doc",
+            content: [
+                {
+                    type: "zettel_text_block",
+                    zettel_key: "test_key",
+                    style: "zettel_normal",
+                    children: [],
+                },
+            ],
+        }),
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: documentSchema,
+        snapshot_content: validSnapshotContent,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // Test with invalid JSON object - this should fail
+    const invalidSnapshotContent = {
+        id: "doc2",
+        title: "Invalid Document",
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+            type: "invalid_type", // Missing required 'content' property
+        }),
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: documentSchema,
+        snapshot_content: invalidSnapshotContent,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/body.*must have required property.*content/);
+    // Test with malformed JSON string - this should fail
+    const malformedSnapshotContent = {
+        id: "doc3",
+        title: "Malformed Document",
+        body: "{ invalid json",
+    };
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: documentSchema,
+        snapshot_content: malformedSnapshotContent,
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/Invalid JSON in property 'body'/);
+});
+test("foreign key validation should fail when referenced entity exists in different non-inheriting version", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Mock schema for a "User" entity
+    const userSchema = {
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_user",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Mock schema for a "Post" entity that references User
+    const postSchema = {
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_post",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "mock_user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "title", "author_id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Register our mock schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    // Create two separate versions that don't inherit from each other
+    const versionA = await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        name: "version-a",
+    });
+    const versionB = await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        name: "version-b",
+    });
+    // Verify they don't inherit from each other
+    // Both should inherit from global, but not from each other
+    expect(versionA.inherits_from_version_id).toBe("global");
+    expect(versionB.inherits_from_version_id).toBe("global");
+    // Create a user in version A
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "user-1",
+        schema_key: "mock_user",
+        file_id: "test",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "user-1",
+            name: "Alice",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+        version_id: versionA.id,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // BUG: This should FAIL because user-1 doesn't exist in version B's context
+    // but the current foreign key validation logic will find user-1 in version A
+    // and incorrectly allow this validation to succeed
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post-1",
+            title: "My Post",
+            author_id: "user-1", // References user-1 which only exists in version A
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: versionB.id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*mock_user.*user-1/);
+    // Verify that user-1 indeed doesn't exist in version B's context
+    const userInVersionB = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("state_by_version")
+        .where("entity_id", "=", "user-1")
+        .where("schema_key", "=", "mock_user")
+        .where("version_id", "=", versionB.id)
+        .selectAll()
+        .execute();
+    expect(userInVersionB).toHaveLength(0);
+    // But verify it does exist in version A
+    const userInVersionA = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("state_by_version")
+        .where("entity_id", "=", "user-1")
+        .where("schema_key", "=", "mock_user")
+        .where("version_id", "=", versionA.id)
+        .selectAll()
+        .execute();
+    expect(userInVersionA).toHaveLength(1);
+});
+test("should allow self-referential foreign keys", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Define a schema with self-referential foreign key (like version inheritance)
+    const versionSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_version",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/inherits_from_version_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "mock_version", // Self-referential foreign key
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+            inherits_from_version_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: versionSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert a parent version first (with null inheritance)
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "version0",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "mock_version",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "version0",
+            name: "version0",
+            inherits_from_version_id: null,
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // This should pass - child version referencing parent version (valid self-referential FK)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: versionSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "version1",
+            name: "version1",
+            inherits_from_version_id: "version0", // References another entity in same schema
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should also pass - version with null inheritance (no foreign key constraint)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: versionSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "version2",
+            name: "version2",
+            inherits_from_version_id: null, // No foreign key reference
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail - referencing non-existent version
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: versionSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "version3",
+            name: "version3",
+            inherits_from_version_id: "nonexistent_version",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+test("should allow self-referential foreign keys for update operations", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Define a schema with self-referential foreign key
+    const versionSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_version",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/inherits_from_version_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "mock_version",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+            inherits_from_version_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: versionSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert initial versions
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values([
+        {
+            entity_id: "version0",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "mock_version",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+            snapshot_content: {
+                id: "version0",
+                name: "version0",
+                inherits_from_version_id: null,
+            },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+        {
+            entity_id: "version1",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "mock_version",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+            snapshot_content: {
+                id: "version1",
+                name: "version1",
+                inherits_from_version_id: "version0",
+            },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // This should pass - updating to reference a different valid version
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: versionSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "version1",
+            name: "version1_updated",
+            inherits_from_version_id: null, // Change from version0 to null
+        },
+        operation: "update",
+        entity_id: "version1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should fail - updating to reference non-existent version
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: versionSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "version1",
+            name: "version1_updated",
+            inherits_from_version_id: "nonexistent_version",
+        },
+        operation: "update",
+        entity_id: "version1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+test("should prevent deletion when self-referential foreign keys reference the entity", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Define a schema with self-referential foreign key
+    const versionSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_version",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/inherits_from_version_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "mock_version",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+            inherits_from_version_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: versionSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert parent and child versions
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values([
+        {
+            entity_id: "version0",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "mock_version",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+            snapshot_content: {
+                id: "version0",
+                name: "version0",
+                inherits_from_version_id: null,
+            },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+        {
+            entity_id: "version1",
+            file_id: "file1",
+            schema_key: "mock_version",
+            plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+            version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+            snapshot_content: {
+                id: "version1",
+                name: "version1",
+                inherits_from_version_id: "version0", // References version0
+            },
+            schema_version: "1.0",
+        },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // This should fail - cannot delete version0 because version1 references it
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: versionSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "version0",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrowError(/Foreign key constraint violation.*referenced by.*mock_version.*inherits_from_version_id/);
+    // This should pass - can delete version1 (no other versions reference it)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: versionSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {},
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "version1",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+// Foreign keys are restricted to the current version context to maintain data integrity
+// and prevent confusing dependency relationships across version boundaries. While entities
+// can be inherited from parent versions through the copy-on-write system, foreign key
+// constraints require explicit, direct relationships within the same version scope.
+// This design choice ensures that:
+// 1. FK constraints are predictable and version-scoped
+// 2. No hidden dependencies exist across version boundaries
+// 3. Copy-on-write semantics remain clear and isolated
+// 4. Data integrity is maintained within each version context
+test("should prevent foreign key references to inherited entities from different version contexts", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const parentSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "fk_version_parent",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const childSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "fk_version_child",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/parent_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: parentSchema["x-lix-key"],
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            parent_id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "parent_id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: parentSchema }, { value: childSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "parent-1",
+        schema_key: parentSchema["x-lix-key"],
+        file_id: "parent.json",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: "global",
+        snapshot_content: { id: "parent-1" },
+        schema_version: parentSchema["x-lix-version"],
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: childSchema,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "child-1", parent_id: "parent-1" },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        file_id: "child.json",
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*fk_version_parent/i);
+});
+test("should prevent change set elements from referencing change sets defined in global context", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("change_set_by_version")
+        .values({
+        id: "global_change_set",
+        lixcol_version_id: "global",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const childVersion = await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        id: "change-set-child",
+        inheritsFrom: { id: "global" },
+    });
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("change")
+        .values({
+        id: "existing_change",
+        entity_id: "dummy_entity_id",
+        schema_key: "dummy_schema_key",
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+        file_id: "dummy_file_id",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        snapshot_content: null,
+        metadata: null,
+        created_at: new Date().toISOString(),
+    })
+        .execute();
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({
+        value: {
+            type: "object",
+            "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+            "x-lix-key": "dummy_schema_key",
+            properties: { id: { type: "string" } },
+            required: ["id"],
+            additionalProperties: false,
+        },
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const changeSetElementSchema = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("stored_schema")
+        .select("value")
+        .where(sql `json_extract("stored_schema"."value", '$."x-lix-key"')`, "=", "lix_change_set_element")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: changeSetElementSchema.value,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            change_set_id: "global_change_set",
+            change_id: "existing_change",
+            entity_id: "dummy_entity_id",
+            file_id: "dummy_file_id",
+            schema_key: "dummy_schema_key",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: childVersion.id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*lix_change_set.*global_change_set/);
+});
+// Untracked state foreign key tests
+// SCENARIO: Tracked → Untracked Foreign Key Reference
+// WHY THIS TEST EXISTS: Untracked entities are local-only and won't be synced to remote.
+// If a tracked entity references an untracked entity, it would create broken references
+// when synced because the untracked entity doesn't exist on the remote.
+// BEHAVIOR: DISALLOWED - This would break data integrity during sync operations.
+test("should prevent tracked entities from referencing untracked entities", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert an untracked user
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "untracked_user",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "untracked_user",
+            name: "Untracked User",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+        untracked: true,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // This should FAIL - tracked entity cannot reference untracked entity
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "post1",
+            author_id: "untracked_user", // References untracked user
+            title: "My Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*tracked entities cannot reference untracked entities.*This would create broken references during sync/);
+});
+// SCENARIO: Untracked → Tracked Foreign Key Reference
+// WHY THIS TEST EXISTS: Untracked entities are local-only and won't be synced.
+// Since they remain local, they can safely reference tracked entities without
+// breaking data integrity. The untracked entity simply won't exist on remote.
+// BEHAVIOR: ALLOWED - Safe because untracked entities don't participate in sync.
+test("should allow untracked entities to reference tracked entities", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert a tracked user
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "tracked_user",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "tracked_user",
+            name: "Tracked User",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+        untracked: false,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Create validation arguments for untracked post
+    const validationArgs = {
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "untracked_post",
+            author_id: "tracked_user", // References tracked user
+            title: "My Untracked Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        untracked: true, // Mark as untracked
+    };
+    // This should PASS - untracked entity can reference tracked entity
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation(validationArgs)).not.toThrow();
+});
+// SCENARIO: Untracked → Untracked Foreign Key Reference
+// WHY THIS TEST EXISTS: Both entities are local-only and won't be synced.
+// They exist in the same local scope, so references between them are valid
+// and won't cause any sync issues since neither entity leaves the local system.
+// BEHAVIOR: ALLOWED - Both entities remain local, maintaining referential integrity.
+test("should allow untracked entities to reference other untracked entities", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    const userSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "user",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            name: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "name"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const postSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "post",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/author_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "user",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            author_id: { type: "string" },
+            title: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store schemas
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Insert an untracked user
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "untracked_user",
+        file_id: "file1",
+        schema_key: "user",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "untracked_user",
+            name: "Untracked User",
+        },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+        untracked: true,
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Create validation arguments for untracked post
+    const validationArgs = {
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: postSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "untracked_post",
+            author_id: "untracked_user", // References untracked user
+            title: "My Untracked Post",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        untracked: true, // Mark as untracked
+    };
+    // This should PASS - untracked entity can reference another untracked entity
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation(validationArgs)).not.toThrow();
+});
+test("should detect and prevent cycles in commit graph when lix_debug is enabled", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [{ key: "lix_debug", value: "true" }],
+    });
+    // Get the commit edge schema
+    const commitEdgeSchema = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("stored_schema")
+        .select("value")
+        .where(sql `json_extract("stored_schema"."value", '$."x-lix-key"')`, "=", "lix_commit_edge")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Create a few change sets and commits
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("change_set_by_version")
+        .values([
+        { id: "cs1", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "cs2", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "cs3", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("commit_by_version")
+        .values([
+        { id: "commit1", change_set_id: "cs1", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "commit2", change_set_id: "cs2", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "commit3", change_set_id: "cs3", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // Create edges via parent_commit_ids: commit1 -> commit2 -> commit3
+    await lix.db
+        .updateTable("commit_by_version")
+        .set({
+        parent_commit_ids: sql `json(${JSON.stringify(["commit1"])})`,
+    })
+        .where("id", "=", "commit2")
+        .where("lixcol_version_id", "=", "global")
+        .execute();
+    await lix.db
+        .updateTable("commit_by_version")
+        .set({
+        parent_commit_ids: sql `json(${JSON.stringify(["commit2"])})`,
+    })
+        .where("id", "=", "commit3")
+        .where("lixcol_version_id", "=", "global")
+        .execute();
+    // This should fail - creating commit3 -> commit1 would create a cycle
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: commitEdgeSchema.value,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            parent_id: "commit3",
+            child_id: "commit1", // This would complete the cycle
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: "global",
+    })).toThrowError(/Cycle detected in commit graph.*New edge: commit3 -> commit1.*Cycle path: commit1 -> commit2 -> commit3 -> commit1/s);
+    // This should also fail - self-loop
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: commitEdgeSchema.value,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            parent_id: "commit1",
+            child_id: "commit1", // Self-referencing edge
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: "global",
+    })).toThrowError(/Self-referencing edges are not allowed/);
+});
+test("should not check for cycles when lix_debug is disabled", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [{ key: "lix_debug", value: "false" }],
+    });
+    // Get the commit edge schema
+    const commitEdgeSchema = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("stored_schema")
+        .select("value")
+        .where(sql `json_extract("stored_schema"."value", '$."x-lix-key"')`, "=", "lix_commit_edge")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Create a few change sets and commits
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("change_set_by_version")
+        .values([
+        { id: "cs1", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "cs2", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "cs3", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("commit_by_version")
+        .values([
+        { id: "commit1", change_set_id: "cs1", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "commit2", change_set_id: "cs2", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+        { id: "commit3", change_set_id: "cs3", lixcol_version_id: "global" },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // Create edges via parent_commit_ids: commit1 -> commit2 -> commit3
+    await lix.db
+        .updateTable("commit_by_version")
+        .set({
+        parent_commit_ids: sql `json(${JSON.stringify(["commit1"])})`,
+    })
+        .where("id", "=", "commit2")
+        .where("lixcol_version_id", "=", "global")
+        .execute();
+    await lix.db
+        .updateTable("commit_by_version")
+        .set({
+        parent_commit_ids: sql `json(${JSON.stringify(["commit2"])})`,
+    })
+        .where("id", "=", "commit3")
+        .where("lixcol_version_id", "=", "global")
+        .execute();
+    // This would create a cycle, but with lix_debug=false it won't be detected
+    // (This is intentional for performance - cycle detection is expensive)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: commitEdgeSchema.value,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            parent_id: "commit3",
+            child_id: "commit1", // This would complete the cycle
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: "global",
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+test("should validate foreign keys that reference changes in lix_internal_transaction_state during transaction", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Create a simple mock schema that references a change
+    const mockChangeReferencingSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_change_reference",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/change_id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/change_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "lix_change",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            change_id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["change_id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the mock schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: mockChangeReferencingSchema })
+        .execute();
+    // Get active version
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    await lix.db.transaction().execute(async (trx) => {
+        // Insert a key-value entity which creates a change in lix_internal_transaction_state
+        await trx
+            .insertInto("key_value")
+            .values({
+            key: "test_key_for_change_reference",
+            value: "test_value",
+        })
+            .execute();
+        // Get the change ID that was just created in lix_internal_transaction_state
+        const changes = await trx
+            .selectFrom("lix_internal_transaction_state")
+            .select("id")
+            .where("entity_id", "=", "test_key_for_change_reference")
+            .where("schema_key", "=", "lix_key_value")
+            .execute();
+        expect(changes).toHaveLength(1);
+        const changeId = changes[0].id;
+        // This should NOT throw an error because the change exists in lix_internal_transaction_state
+        // But currently it will throw because validation only checks the "change" table (lix_internal_change)
+        // which doesn't include lix_internal_transaction_state
+        expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+            engine: lix.engine,
+            schema: mockChangeReferencingSchema,
+            snapshot_content: {
+                change_id: changeId,
+            },
+            operation: "insert",
+            version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        })).not.toThrowError();
+    });
+});
+/**
+ * 🧪 Regression-guard for “versionless change FKs”
+ *
+ * Context from architecture discussion:
+ * ─────────────────────────────────────
+ * • `lix_change` rows are **version-agnostic** (no `version_id` column) and
+ *   append-only.  They form the immutable source-of-truth that every branch
+ *   materialises state from.
+ *
+ * • Therefore **any** version-scoped table is allowed to carry a foreign key
+ *   that points at `lix_change.id`, because the target row can never disappear
+ *   or mutate in a way that would break the reference.
+ *
+ * • The validator treats these targets specially: if the referenced schema’s
+ *   scope is `versionless`, it skips the usual “same version” check.
+ *
+ * What this test proves:
+ * ──────────────────────
+ * 1. A table that references `lix_change.id` can be inserted **in the global
+ *    context**.
+ * 2. The **same row** can also be inserted in an arbitrary branch
+ *    (`activeVersion.version_id`) without triggering a
+ *    “foreign-key constraint violation”.
+ *
+ * If either expectation starts failing, it means the validator has regressed
+ * and is once again enforcing version isolation for versionless targets—
+ * something we explicitly decided against.
+ */
+test("should allow foreign keys to changes from any version context", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Create a schema that references change.id (like change_author does)
+    const mockSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_schema",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/change_id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/change_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "lix_change",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            change_id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["change_id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: mockSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // First create a key-value entity to generate a real change
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("key_value")
+        .values({
+        key: "test_key_for_change_ref",
+        value: "test_value",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Get the change that was created
+    const changes = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("change")
+        .where("entity_id", "=", "test_key_for_change_ref")
+        .where("schema_key", "=", "lix_key_value")
+        .selectAll()
+        .execute();
+    expect(changes).toHaveLength(1);
+    const realChangeId = changes[0].id;
+    // This should PASS because changes are versionless and can be referenced from global version
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            change_id: realChangeId,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: "global",
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should ALSO PASS because changes are versionless and can be referenced from any version
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            change_id: realChangeId,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+});
+// State table foreign key tests
+test("should validate composite foreign keys referencing state table", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Create a schema that references state table with composite key (like entity_label does)
+    const mockStateReferenceSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_state_reference",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id", "/tag"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "state",
+                    properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                },
+                scope: ["version_id"],
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            entity_id: { type: "string" },
+            schema_key: { type: "string" },
+            file_id: { type: "string" },
+            tag: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["entity_id", "schema_key", "file_id", "tag"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const referencedStateSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "test_schema",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: referencedStateSchema })
+        .execute();
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: mockStateReferenceSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // First create a state entity that can be referenced
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "test_entity",
+        schema_key: "test_schema",
+        file_id: "test_file.json",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "test_entity" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // This should PASS - entity exists in state table
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockStateReferenceSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            entity_id: "test_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test_file.json",
+            tag: "important",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should FAIL - entity doesn't exist in state table
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockStateReferenceSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            entity_id: "nonexistent_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test_file.json",
+            tag: "important",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*mock_state_reference.*\(\/entity_id, \/schema_key, \/file_id\).*state\.\(\/entity_id, \/schema_key, \/file_id\).*no matching record exists/);
+});
+test("state foreign key references should respect version context", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Create a schema that references state table
+    const mockStateReferenceSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_state_reference",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id", "/tag"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "state",
+                    properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                },
+                scope: ["version_id"],
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            entity_id: { type: "string" },
+            schema_key: { type: "string" },
+            file_id: { type: "string" },
+            tag: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["entity_id", "schema_key", "file_id", "tag"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const referencedStateSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "test_schema",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: referencedStateSchema })
+        .execute();
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: mockStateReferenceSchema })
+        .execute();
+    // Create a second version
+    const version2 = await createVersion({
+        lix,
+        name: "version2",
+    });
+    // Get the main version
+    const mainVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("version")
+        .select("id")
+        .where("name", "=", "main")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Create state entity in main version only
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "main_only_entity",
+        schema_key: "test_schema",
+        file_id: "test.json",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: mainVersion.id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "main_only_entity" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Create state entity in version2 only
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "version2_only_entity",
+        schema_key: "test_schema",
+        file_id: "test.json",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: version2.id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "version2_only_entity" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Reference from main version should only see main entities
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockStateReferenceSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            entity_id: "main_only_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            tag: "tag1",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: mainVersion.id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // Reference from main version to version2 entity should fail
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockStateReferenceSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            entity_id: "version2_only_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            tag: "tag2",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: mainVersion.id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation/);
+    // Reference from version2 should only see version2 entities
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockStateReferenceSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            entity_id: "version2_only_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            tag: "tag3",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: version2.id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // Reference from version2 to main entity should fail
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockStateReferenceSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            entity_id: "main_only_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            tag: "tag4",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: version2.id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation/);
+});
+test("state foreign keys reject inherited entities", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [
+            {
+                key: "lix_deterministic_mode",
+                value: { enabled: true },
+                lixcol_version_id: "global",
+            },
+        ],
+    });
+    // Create a schema that references state table
+    const mockStateReferenceSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_state_reference",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id", "/tag"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "state",
+                    properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                },
+                scope: ["version_id"],
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            entity_id: { type: "string" },
+            schema_key: { type: "string" },
+            file_id: { type: "string" },
+            tag: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["entity_id", "schema_key", "file_id", "tag"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const referencedStateSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "test_schema",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values([
+        { value: referencedStateSchema },
+        { value: mockStateReferenceSchema },
+    ])
+        .execute();
+    // Seed state in the global version so it appears as inherited elsewhere
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "shared_entity",
+        schema_key: "test_schema",
+        file_id: "test.json",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: "global",
+        snapshot_content: { id: "shared_entity", value: "original" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .innerJoin("version", "version.id", "active_version.version_id")
+        .selectAll("version")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // The inherited entity should NOT be visible for foreign key validation
+    // because foreign keys only validate entities in the same version (not inherited)
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: mockStateReferenceSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            entity_id: "shared_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            tag: "from_child",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*no matching record exists.*Note: Foreign key constraints only validate entities that exist in the version context/s);
+});
+test("state foreign key with mixed single and composite properties", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({});
+    // Create a complex schema with multiple foreign keys
+    const complexSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "complex_reference",
+        "x-lix-primary-key": ["/id"],
+        "x-lix-foreign-keys": [
+            {
+                // Composite foreign key to state
+                properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "state",
+                    properties: ["/entity_id", "/schema_key", "/file_id"],
+                },
+            },
+            {
+                // Single property foreign key to change
+                properties: ["/change_id"],
+                references: {
+                    schemaKey: "lix_change",
+                    properties: ["/id"],
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+            entity_id: { type: "string" },
+            schema_key: { type: "string" },
+            file_id: { type: "string" },
+            change_id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id", "entity_id", "schema_key", "file_id", "change_id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    const referencedStateSchema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "test_schema",
+        properties: {
+            id: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["id"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: referencedStateSchema })
+        .execute();
+    // Store the schema
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("stored_schema")
+        .values({ value: complexSchema })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    // Create a state entity
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "test_entity",
+        schema_key: "test_schema",
+        file_id: "test.json",
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        snapshot_content: { id: "test_entity" },
+        schema_version: "1.0",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Create a key-value to generate a change
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("key_value")
+        .values({
+        key: "test_key",
+        value: "test_value",
+    })
+        .execute();
+    // Get the created change
+    const changes = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("change")
+        .select("id")
+        .where("entity_id", "=", "test_key")
+        .execute();
+    expect(changes).toHaveLength(1);
+    const changeId = changes[0].id;
+    // This should PASS - both foreign keys are satisfied
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: complexSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "complex1",
+            entity_id: "test_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            change_id: changeId,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).not.toThrowError();
+    // This should FAIL - state foreign key not satisfied
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: complexSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "complex2",
+            entity_id: "nonexistent",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            change_id: changeId,
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*state/);
+    // This should FAIL - change foreign key not satisfied
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema: complexSchema,
+        snapshot_content: {
+            id: "complex3",
+            entity_id: "test_entity",
+            schema_key: "test_schema",
+            file_id: "test.json",
+            change_id: "nonexistent_change",
+        },
+        operation: "insert",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*lix_change/);
+});
+test("rejects mutating inherited state", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [
+            {
+                key: "lix_deterministic_mode",
+                value: { enabled: true },
+                lixcol_version_id: "global",
+            },
+        ],
+    });
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_inherited_entity",
+        properties: {
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["value"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "inherited-entity",
+        file_id: "test-file",
+        schema_key: schema["x-lix-key"],
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: "global",
+        schema_version: schema["x-lix-version"],
+        snapshot_content: {
+            value: "global seed",
+        },
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    const resolved = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("state_by_version")
+        .select(["inherited_from_version_id"])
+        .where("entity_id", "=", "inherited-entity")
+        .where("schema_key", "=", schema["x-lix-key"])
+        .where("version_id", "=", activeVersion.version_id)
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(resolved.inherited_from_version_id).toBe("global");
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { value: "child update" },
+        operation: "update",
+        entity_id: "inherited-entity",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrow(/inherited/i);
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { value: "global seed" },
+        operation: "delete",
+        entity_id: "inherited-entity",
+        file_id: "test-file",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+    })).toThrow(/inherited/i);
+});
+test("rejects mutating inherited_from_version_id", async () => {
+    const lix = await openLix({
+        keyValues: [
+            {
+                key: "lix_deterministic_mode",
+                value: { enabled: true },
+                lixcol_version_id: "global",
+            },
+        ],
+    });
+    const schema = {
+        type: "object",
+        "x-lix-version": "1.0",
+        "x-lix-key": "mock_local_entity",
+        properties: {
+            value: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["value"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+    };
+    await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+    const activeVersion = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("active_version")
+        .select("version_id")
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    await lix.db
+        .insertInto("state_by_version")
+        .values({
+        entity_id: "local-entity",
+        file_id: "test-file",
+        schema_key: schema["x-lix-key"],
+        plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        schema_version: schema["x-lix-version"],
+        snapshot_content: {
+            value: "local seed",
+        },
+    })
+        .execute();
+    const before = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("state_by_version")
+        .select(["inherited_from_version_id"])
+        .where("entity_id", "=", "local-entity")
+        .where("schema_key", "=", schema["x-lix-key"])
+        .where("version_id", "=", activeVersion.version_id)
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(before.inherited_from_version_id).toBeNull();
+    expect(() => validateStateMutation({
+        engine: lix.engine,
+        schema,
+        snapshot_content: { value: "local seed" },
+        operation: "update",
+        entity_id: "local-entity",
+        version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+        inherited_from_version_id: "global",
+    })).toThrow(/inherited_from_version_id/i);
+    const after = await lix.db
+        .selectFrom("state_by_version")
+        .select(["inherited_from_version_id"])
+        .where("entity_id", "=", "local-entity")
+        .where("schema_key", "=", schema["x-lix-key"])
+        .where("version_id", "=", activeVersion.version_id)
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+    expect(after.inherited_from_version_id).toBeNull();
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=validate-state-mutation.test.js.map