@livestore/common 0.4.0 → 0.5.0-dev.1

package/dist/schema/state/sqlite/query-builder/impl.test.js

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
+import { TestSchema } from 'effect/testing';
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
-import { Schema } from '@livestore/utils/effect';
-import { objectToString } from '@livestore/utils';
-import { State } from "../../../mod.js";
-import { getResultSchema } from "./impl.js";
+import { Schema, SchemaTransformation } from '@livestore/utils/effect';
+import { State } from '../../../mod.js';
+import { getResultSchema } from './impl.js';
 const todos = State.SQLite.table({
     name: 'todos',
     columns: {
         id: State.SQLite.text({ primaryKey: true }),
         text: State.SQLite.text({ default: '', nullable: false }),
         completed: State.SQLite.boolean({ default: false, nullable: false }),
-        status: State.SQLite.text({ schema: Schema.Literal('active', 'completed') }),
+        status: State.SQLite.text({ schema: Schema.Literals(['active', 'completed']) }),
         deletedAt: State.SQLite.datetime({ nullable: true }),
         // TODO consider leaning more into Effect schema
         // other: Schema.Number.pipe(State.SQLite.asInteger),
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const todosWithIntId = State.SQLite.table({
     columns: {
         id: State.SQLite.integer({ primaryKey: true }),
         text: State.SQLite.text({ default: '', nullable: false }),
-        status: State.SQLite.text({ schema: Schema.Literal('active', 'completed') }),
+        status: State.SQLite.text({ schema: Schema.Literals(['active', 'completed']) }),
     },
 });
 const comments = State.SQLite.table({
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ const comments = State.SQLite.table({
 const UiState = State.SQLite.clientDocument({
     name: 'UiState',
     schema: Schema.Struct({
-        filter: Schema.Literal('all', 'active', 'completed'),
+        filter: Schema.Literals(['all', 'active', 'completed']),
     }),
     default: { value: { filter: 'all' } },
 });
 const UiStateWithDefaultId = State.SQLite.clientDocument({
     name: 'UiState',
     schema: Schema.Struct({
-        filter: Schema.Literal('all', 'active', 'completed'),
+        filter: Schema.Literals(['all', 'active', 'completed']),
     }),
     default: {
         id: 'static',
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ const issue = State.SQLite.table({
         id: State.SQLite.integer({ primaryKey: true }),
         title: State.SQLite.text({ default: '' }),
         creator: State.SQLite.text({ default: '' }),
-        priority: State.SQLite.integer({ schema: Schema.Literal(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), default: 0 }),
-        created: State.SQLite.integer({ schema: Schema.DateFromNumber }),
-        deleted: State.SQLite.integer({ nullable: true, schema: Schema.DateFromNumber }),
-        modified: State.SQLite.integer({ schema: Schema.DateFromNumber }),
+        priority: State.SQLite.integer({ schema: Schema.Literals([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]), default: 0 }),
+        created: State.SQLite.integer({ schema: Schema.DateFromMillis }),
+        deleted: State.SQLite.integer({ nullable: true, schema: Schema.DateFromMillis }),
+        modified: State.SQLite.integer({ schema: Schema.DateFromMillis }),
         kanbanorder: State.SQLite.text({ nullable: false, default: '' }),
     },
     indexes: [
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ const selections = State.SQLite.table({
         group: State.SQLite.text({}),
     },
 });
-const Source = Schema.Literal('google', 'linkedin', 'facebook');
+const Source = Schema.Literals(['google', 'linkedin', 'facebook']);
 const ProfileAttribute = Schema.Struct({ key: Schema.String, value: Schema.String });
 const personProfiles = State.SQLite.table({
     name: 'person_profiles',
@@ -86,417 +86,286 @@ const personProfiles = State.SQLite.table({
     },
 });
 const db = { todos, todosWithIntId, comments, issue, selections, UiState, UiStateWithDefaultId, personProfiles };
-const dump = (qb) => ({
-    bindValues: qb.asSql().bindValues,
-    query: qb.asSql().query,
-    schema: objectToString(getResultSchema(qb)),
-});
 describe('query builder', () => {
     describe('basic queries', () => {
         it('should handle simple SELECT queries', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'todos'",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<todos>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT "id" FROM 'todos'",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<({ readonly id: string } <-> string)>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos'",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: "SELECT * FROM 'todos'",
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.select('id').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT "id" FROM \'todos\'',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\'',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+        });
+        it('derives result schemas for SELECT queries', async () => {
+            const selectedRows = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.select('id', 'text')));
+            await selectedRows.decoding().succeed([{ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk' }]);
+            const selectedColumn = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.select('id')));
+            await selectedColumn.decoding().succeed([{ id: '123' }], ['123']);
         });
         it('should handle .first()', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' LIMIT ?",
-          "schema": "(ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string } | undefined> <-> { readonly id: string; readonly text: string } | undefined)",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first({ behaviour: 'error' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' LIMIT ?",
-          "schema": "(ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }> <-> { readonly id: string; readonly text: string })",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first({ behaviour: 'fallback', fallback: () => undefined }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' LIMIT ?",
-          "schema": "(ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }> | readonly [undefined] <-> { readonly id: string; readonly text: string } | undefined)",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first().asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' LIMIT ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first({ behaviour: 'error' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' LIMIT ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos
+                .select('id', 'text')
+                .first({ behaviour: 'fallback', fallback: () => undefined })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' LIMIT ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+        });
+        it('derives result schemas for .first()', async () => {
+            const firstOrUndefined = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first()));
+            await firstOrUndefined.decoding().succeed([], undefined);
+            await firstOrUndefined.decoding().succeed([{ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk' }], { id: '123', text: 'Buy milk' });
+            const firstOrError = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first({ behaviour: 'error' })));
+            await firstOrError.decoding().succeed([{ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk' }], { id: '123', text: 'Buy milk' });
+            await firstOrError.decoding().fail([], 'Unable to retrieve the first element of an empty array');
+            const firstOrFallback = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.select('id', 'text').first({ behaviour: 'fallback', fallback: () => undefined })));
+            await firstOrFallback.decoding().succeed([], undefined);
         });
         it('should handle WHERE clauses', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', '!=', true))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" != ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where({ completed: true }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where({ completed: undefined }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos'",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where({ deletedAt: { op: '<=', value: new Date('2024-01-01') } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "deletedAt" <= ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where({ status: { op: 'IN', value: ['active'] } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "status" IN (?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where({ status: { op: 'NOT IN', value: ['active', 'completed'] } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "active",
-            "completed",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "status" NOT IN (?, ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', '!=', true).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" != ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where({ completed: true }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where({ completed: undefined }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\'',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos
+                .select('id', 'text')
+                .where({ deletedAt: { op: '<=', value: new Date('2024-01-01') } })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "deletedAt" <= ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos
+                .select('id', 'text')
+                .where({ status: { op: 'IN', value: ['active'] } })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['active'],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "status" IN (?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos
+                .select('id', 'text')
+                .where({ status: { op: 'NOT IN', value: ['active', 'completed'] } })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['active', 'completed'],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "status" NOT IN (?, ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos
                 .select('id', 'text')
                 .where({ completed: false })
                 .where({ status: { op: 'IN', value: ['active'] } })
-                .where({ deletedAt: undefined }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            0,
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ? AND "status" IN (?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+                .where({ deletedAt: undefined })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [0, 'active'],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ? AND "status" IN (?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle OFFSET and LIMIT clauses', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).offset(10).limit(10))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-            10,
-            10,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ? LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).offset(10).limit(10).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1, 10, 10],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ? LIMIT ? OFFSET ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle OFFSET and LIMIT clauses correctly', () => {
             // Test with both offset and limit
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).offset(5).limit(10))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-            10,
-            5,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ? LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).offset(5).limit(10).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1, 10, 5],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ? LIMIT ? OFFSET ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
             // Test with only offset
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).offset(5))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-            5,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ? OFFSET ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).offset(5).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1, 5],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ? OFFSET ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
             // Test with only limit
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).limit(10))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-            10,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ? LIMIT ?",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('completed', true).limit(10).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1, 10],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ? LIMIT ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle COUNT queries', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.count())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM 'todos'",
-          "schema": "(ReadonlyArray<({ readonly count: number } <-> number)> <-> number)",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.count().where('completed', true))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ?",
-          "schema": "(ReadonlyArray<({ readonly count: number } <-> number)> <-> number)",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.where('completed', true).count())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM 'todos' WHERE "completed" = ?",
-          "schema": "(ReadonlyArray<({ readonly count: number } <-> number)> <-> number)",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.count().asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM 'todos'",
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.count().where('completed', true).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.where('completed', true).count().asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1],
+                query: 'SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM \'todos\' WHERE "completed" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+        });
+        it('derives result schemas for COUNT queries', async () => {
+            const countResult = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.count()));
+            await countResult.decoding().succeed([{ count: 3 }], 3);
         });
         it('should handle NULL comparisons', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('deletedAt', '=', null))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "deletedAt" IS NULL",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('deletedAt', '!=', null))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT "id", "text" FROM 'todos' WHERE "deletedAt" IS NOT NULL",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string; readonly text: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('deletedAt', '=', null).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "deletedAt" IS NULL',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.select('id', 'text').where('deletedAt', '!=', null).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT "id", "text" FROM \'todos\' WHERE "deletedAt" IS NOT NULL',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle orderBy', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.orderBy('completed', 'desc'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'todos' ORDER BY "completed" desc",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<todos>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.orderBy([{ col: 'completed', direction: 'desc' }]))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'todos' ORDER BY "completed" desc",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<todos>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.orderBy([]))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'todos'",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<todos>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.orderBy('completed', 'desc').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'todos\' ORDER BY "completed" desc',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.orderBy([{ col: 'completed', direction: 'desc' }]).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'todos\' ORDER BY "completed" desc',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.orderBy([]).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: "SELECT * FROM 'todos'",
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle JSON_CONTAINS operator for JSON array columns', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles.where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'google' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "google",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<person_profiles>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.personProfiles.where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'google' } }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['google'],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
             // With select
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles.select('personId').where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'linkedin' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "linkedin",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT "personId" FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<({ readonly personId: string } <-> string)>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.personProfiles
+                .select('personId')
+                .where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'linkedin' } })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['linkedin'],
+                query: 'SELECT "personId" FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
             // With plain string array column
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles.where({ tags: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'important' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "important",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("tags") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<person_profiles>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.personProfiles.where({ tags: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'important' } }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['important'],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("tags") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle JSON_NOT_CONTAINS operator for JSON array columns', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles.where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_NOT_CONTAINS', value: 'google' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "google",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<person_profiles>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.personProfiles.where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_NOT_CONTAINS', value: 'google' } }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['google'],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
         });
         it('should JSON-stringify object elements for JSON_CONTAINS', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles.where({
+            expect(db.personProfiles
+                .where({
                 attributes: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: { key: 'language', value: 'typescript' } },
-            }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "{"key":"language","value":"typescript"}",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("attributes") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<person_profiles>",
-        }
-      `);
+            })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['{"key":"language","value":"typescript"}'],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("attributes") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle combining JSON_CONTAINS with other WHERE clauses', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles
+            expect(db.personProfiles
                 .where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'google' } })
-                .where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_NOT_CONTAINS', value: 'facebook' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "google",
-            "facebook",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?) AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<person_profiles>",
-        }
-      `);
+                .where({ sources: { op: 'JSON_NOT_CONTAINS', value: 'facebook' } })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['google', 'facebook'],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?) AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("sources") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle JSON_CONTAINS on nullable JSON array columns', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles.where({ optionalTags: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'important' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "important",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("optionalTags") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<person_profiles>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.personProfiles.where({ optionalTags: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'important' } }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['important'],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("optionalTags") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
             // With JSON_NOT_CONTAINS
-            expect(dump(db.personProfiles.where({ optionalTags: { op: 'JSON_NOT_CONTAINS', value: 'archived' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "archived",
-          ],
-          "query": "SELECT * FROM 'person_profiles' WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("optionalTags") WHERE value = ?)",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<person_profiles>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.personProfiles.where({ optionalTags: { op: 'JSON_NOT_CONTAINS', value: 'archived' } }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['archived'],
+                query: 'SELECT * FROM \'person_profiles\' WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM json_each("optionalTags") WHERE value = ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['person_profiles']),
+            });
         });
         it('should throw error when using JSON_CONTAINS on non-JSON array column', () => {
             expect(() => 
             // Type system prevents this at compile time for non-array columns, but test runtime check
-            dump(db.todos.where({ status: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'active' } }))).toThrow('JSON_CONTAINS operator can only be used on JSON array columns');
+            db.todos.where({ status: { op: 'JSON_CONTAINS', value: 'active' } }).asSql()).toThrow('JSON_CONTAINS operator can only be used on JSON array columns');
         });
     });
-    // describe('getOrCreate queries', () => {
-    //   it('should handle getOrCreate queries', () => {
-    //     expect(dump(db.UiState.getOrCreate('sessionid-1'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-    //         {
-    //           "bindValues": [
-    //             "sessionid-1",
-    //           ],
-    //           "query": "SELECT * FROM 'UiState' WHERE id = ?",
-    //           "schema": "...", // TODO determine schema
-    //         }
-    //       `)
-    //   })
-    //   it('should handle getOrCreate queries with default id', () => {
-    //     expect(dump(db.UiStateWithDefaultId.getOrCreate())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-    //       {
-    //         "bindValues": [],
-    //         "query": "SELECT * FROM 'UiState' WHERE id = ?",
-    //         "schema": "...", // TODO determine schema
-    //       }
-    //     `)
-    //   })
-    //   // it('should handle row queries with numbers', () => {
-    //   //   expect(dump(db.todosWithIntId.getOrCreate(123, { insertValues: { status: 'active' } }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-    //   //     {
-    //   //       "bindValues": [
-    //   //         123,
-    //   //       ],
-    //   //       "query": "SELECT * FROM 'todos_with_int_id' WHERE id = ?",
-    //   //       "schema": "...", // TODO determine schema
-    //   //     }
-    //   //   `)
-    //   // })
-    // })
     describe('write operations', () => {
         it('should handle INSERT queries', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "123",
-            "Buy milk",
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['123', 'Buy milk', 'active'],
+                query: `INSERT INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?)`,
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+        });
+        it('derives result schemas for write queries', async () => {
+            const insertResult = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' })));
+            await insertResult.decoding().succeed(1);
         });
         it('should handle INSERT queries with undefined values', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "123",
-            "Buy milk",
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['123', 'Buy milk', 'active'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'todos\' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         // Test helped to catch a bindValues ordering bug
         it('should handle INSERT queries (issue)', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.issue.insert({
+            expect(db.issue
+                .insert({
                 id: 1,
                 title: 'Revert the user profile page',
                 priority: 2,
@@ -504,236 +373,144 @@ describe('query builder', () => {
                 modified: new Date('2024-12-29T17:15:20.507Z'),
                 kanbanorder: 'a2',
                 creator: 'John Doe',
-            }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-            "Revert the user profile page",
-            2,
-            1722532520507,
-            1735492520507,
-            "a2",
-            "John Doe",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'issue' ("id", "title", "priority", "created", "modified", "kanbanorder", "creator") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1, 'Revert the user profile page', 2, 1722532520507, 1735492520507, 'a2', 'John Doe'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'issue\' ("id", "title", "priority", "created", "modified", "kanbanorder", "creator") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['issue']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle UPDATE queries', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.update({ status: 'completed' }).where({ id: '123' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-            "123",
-          ],
-          "query": "UPDATE 'todos' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.update({ status: 'completed' }).where({ id: '123' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed', '123'],
+                query: 'UPDATE \'todos\' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
             // empty update set
-            expect(dump(db.todos.update({}).where({ id: '123' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [],
-          "query": "SELECT 1",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.update({}).where({ id: '123' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [],
+                query: 'SELECT 1',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle UPDATE queries with undefined values', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.update({ text: 'some text' }).where({ id: '123' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "some text",
-            "123",
-          ],
-          "query": "UPDATE 'todos' SET "text" = ? WHERE "id" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.update({ text: 'some text' }).where({ id: '123' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['some text', '123'],
+                query: 'UPDATE \'todos\' SET "text" = ? WHERE "id" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle UPDATE queries with undefined values (issue)', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.issue.update({ priority: 2, creator: 'John Doe' }).where({ id: 1 }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            2,
-            "John Doe",
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "UPDATE 'issue' SET "priority" = ?, "creator" = ? WHERE "id" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.issue.update({ priority: 2, creator: 'John Doe' }).where({ id: 1 }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [2, 'John Doe', 1],
+                query: 'UPDATE \'issue\' SET "priority" = ?, "creator" = ? WHERE "id" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['issue']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle DELETE queries', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.delete().where({ status: 'completed' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-          ],
-          "query": "DELETE FROM 'todos' WHERE "status" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.delete().where({ status: 'completed' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed'],
+                query: 'DELETE FROM \'todos\' WHERE "status" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle INSERT with ON CONFLICT', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).onConflict('id', 'ignore'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "123",
-            "Buy milk",
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id") DO NOTHING",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos
+            expect(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).onConflict('id', 'ignore').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['123', 'Buy milk', 'active'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'todos\' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id") DO NOTHING',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos
                 .insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' })
-                .onConflict('id', 'update', { text: 'Buy soy milk', status: 'active' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "123",
-            "Buy milk",
-            "active",
-            "Buy soy milk",
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id") DO UPDATE SET "text" = ?, "status" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).onConflict('id', 'replace'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "123",
-            "Buy milk",
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+                .onConflict('id', 'update', { text: 'Buy soy milk', status: 'active' })
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['123', 'Buy milk', 'active', 'Buy soy milk', 'active'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'todos\' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id") DO UPDATE SET "text" = ?, "status" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).onConflict('id', 'replace').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['123', 'Buy milk', 'active'],
+                query: 'INSERT OR REPLACE INTO \'todos\' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should quote reserved column names', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.selections.insert({ id: 1, group: 'alpha' }).onConflict('id', 'ignore'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            1,
-            "alpha",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'selections' ("id", "group") VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id") DO NOTHING",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.selections.update({ group: 'beta' }).where({ id: 1 }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "beta",
-            1,
-          ],
-          "query": "UPDATE 'selections' SET "group" = ? WHERE "id" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.selections.insert({ id: 1, group: 'alpha' }).onConflict('id', 'ignore').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: [1, 'alpha'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'selections\' ("id", "group") VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id") DO NOTHING',
+                usedTables: new Set(['selections']),
+            });
+            expect(db.selections.update({ group: 'beta' }).where({ id: 1 }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['beta', 1],
+                query: 'UPDATE \'selections\' SET "group" = ? WHERE "id" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['selections']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle ON CONFLICT with multiple columns', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).onConflict(['id', 'status'], 'ignore'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "123",
-            "Buy milk",
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id", "status") DO NOTHING",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos
+                .insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' })
+                .onConflict(['id', 'status'], 'ignore')
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['123', 'Buy milk', 'active'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'todos\' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT ("id", "status") DO NOTHING',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle RETURNING clause', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).returning('id'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "123",
-            "Buy milk",
-            "active",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'todos' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) RETURNING "id"",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.update({ status: 'completed' }).where({ id: '123' }).returning('id'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-            "123",
-          ],
-          "query": "UPDATE 'todos' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ? RETURNING "id"",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
-            expect(dump(db.todos.delete().where({ status: 'completed' }).returning('id'))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-          ],
-          "query": "DELETE FROM 'todos' WHERE "status" = ? RETURNING "id"",
-          "schema": "ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: string }>",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).returning('id').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['123', 'Buy milk', 'active'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'todos\' ("id", "text", "status") VALUES (?, ?, ?) RETURNING "id"',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.update({ status: 'completed' }).where({ id: '123' }).returning('id').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed', '123'],
+                query: 'UPDATE \'todos\' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ? RETURNING "id"',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+            expect(db.todos.delete().where({ status: 'completed' }).returning('id').asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed'],
+                query: 'DELETE FROM \'todos\' WHERE "status" = ? RETURNING "id"',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
+        });
+        it('derives result schemas for RETURNING clauses', async () => {
+            const returningId = new TestSchema.Asserts(getResultSchema(db.todos.insert({ id: '123', text: 'Buy milk', status: 'active' }).returning('id')));
+            await returningId.decoding().succeed([{ id: '123' }]);
         });
         it('should handle where().delete() - preserving where clauses', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.where({ status: 'completed' }).delete())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-          ],
-          "query": "DELETE FROM 'todos' WHERE "status" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.where({ status: 'completed' }).delete().asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed'],
+                query: 'DELETE FROM \'todos\' WHERE "status" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
             // Multiple where clauses
-            expect(dump(db.todos.where({ status: 'completed' }).where({ deletedAt: null }).delete())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-          ],
-          "query": "DELETE FROM 'todos' WHERE "status" = ? AND "deletedAt" IS NULL",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.where({ status: 'completed' }).where({ deletedAt: null }).delete().asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed'],
+                query: 'DELETE FROM \'todos\' WHERE "status" = ? AND "deletedAt" IS NULL',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should handle where().update() - preserving where clauses', () => {
-            expect(dump(db.todos.where({ id: '123' }).update({ status: 'completed' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-            "123",
-          ],
-          "query": "UPDATE 'todos' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ?",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.where({ id: '123' }).update({ status: 'completed' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed', '123'],
+                query: 'UPDATE \'todos\' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ?',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
             // Multiple where clauses
-            expect(dump(db.todos.where({ id: '123' }).where({ deletedAt: null }).update({ status: 'completed' }))).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "completed",
-            "123",
-          ],
-          "query": "UPDATE 'todos' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ? AND "deletedAt" IS NULL",
-          "schema": "number",
-        }
-      `);
+            expect(db.todos.where({ id: '123' }).where({ deletedAt: null }).update({ status: 'completed' }).asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['completed', '123'],
+                query: 'UPDATE \'todos\' SET "status" = ? WHERE "id" = ? AND "deletedAt" IS NULL',
+                usedTables: new Set(['todos']),
+            });
         });
         it('should have equivalent behavior for both delete patterns', () => {
-            const pattern1 = dump(db.todos.where({ status: 'completed', id: '123' }).delete());
-            const pattern2 = dump(db.todos.delete().where({ status: 'completed', id: '123' }));
+            const pattern1 = db.todos.where({ status: 'completed', id: '123' }).delete().asSql();
+            const pattern2 = db.todos.delete().where({ status: 'completed', id: '123' }).asSql();
             expect(pattern1).toEqual(pattern2);
         });
         it('should have equivalent behavior for both update patterns', () => {
-            const pattern1 = dump(db.todos.where({ id: '123' }).update({ status: 'completed', text: 'Updated' }));
-            const pattern2 = dump(db.todos.update({ status: 'completed', text: 'Updated' }).where({ id: '123' }));
+            const pattern1 = db.todos.where({ id: '123' }).update({ status: 'completed', text: 'Updated' }).asSql();
+            const pattern2 = db.todos.update({ status: 'completed', text: 'Updated' }).where({ id: '123' }).asSql();
             expect(pattern1).toEqual(pattern2);
         });
     });
@@ -744,14 +521,14 @@ describe('query builder', () => {
             contactLastName: Schema.String,
             contactEmail: Schema.String.pipe(State.SQLite.withUnique),
         });
-        const Nested = Schema.transform(Flat, Schema.Struct({
+        const Nested = Flat.pipe(Schema.decodeTo(Schema.Struct({
             id: Schema.String,
             contact: Schema.Struct({
                 firstName: Schema.String,
                 lastName: Schema.String,
                 email: Schema.String,
             }),
-        }), {
+        }), SchemaTransformation.transform({
             decode: ({ id, contactFirstName, contactLastName, contactEmail }) => ({
                 id,
                 contact: {
@@ -766,7 +543,7 @@ describe('query builder', () => {
                 contactLastName: contact.lastName,
                 contactEmail: contact.email,
             }),
-        });
+        })));
         const makeContactsTable = () => State.SQLite.table({
             name: 'contacts',
             schema: Nested,
@@ -776,7 +553,7 @@ describe('query builder', () => {
             const contactsTable = makeContactsTable();
             void contactsTable;
         });
-        it('fails to encode nested inserts because flat columns are required', () => {
+        it('encodes flat insert values for transformed schemas', () => {
             const contactsTable = makeContactsTable();
             expect(contactsTable
                 // TODO in the future we should use decoded types here instead of encoded
@@ -786,22 +563,13 @@ describe('query builder', () => {
                 contactLastName: 'Lovelace',
                 contactEmail: 'ada@example.com',
             })
-                .asSql()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-        {
-          "bindValues": [
-            "person-1",
-            "Ada",
-            "Lovelace",
-            "ada@example.com",
-          ],
-          "query": "INSERT INTO 'contacts' ("id", "contactFirstName", "contactLastName", "contactEmail") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
-          "usedTables": Set {
-            "contacts",
-          },
-        }
-      `);
-        });
-        it('fails to encode nested inserts because flat columns are required', () => {
+                .asSql()).toEqual({
+                bindValues: ['person-1', 'Ada', 'Lovelace', 'ada@example.com'],
+                query: 'INSERT INTO \'contacts\' ("id", "contactFirstName", "contactLastName", "contactEmail") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)',
+                usedTables: new Set(['contacts']),
+            });
+        });
+        it('rejects nested insert values because flat columns are required', () => {
             const contactsTable = makeContactsTable();
             expect(() => contactsTable
                 .insert({
@@ -813,14 +581,12 @@ describe('query builder', () => {
                     email: 'ada@example.com',
                 },
             })
-                .asSql()).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
-        [ParseError: contacts\n└─ ["contactFirstName"]\n   └─ is missing]
-      `);
+                .asSql()).toThrowError(/contactFirstName/);
         });
     });
 });
 // TODO nested queries
-// const rawSql = <A, I>(sql: string, params: { [key: string]: any }, schema: Schema.Schema<A, I>) =>
+// const rawSql = <A, I>(sql: string, params: { [key: string]: any }, schema: Schema.Codec<A, I>) =>
 //   ({
 //     sql,
 //     params,