@livestore/common 0.3.0-dev.8 → 0.3.0-dev.9

package/src/leader-thread/LeaderSyncProcessor.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-import { shouldNeverHappen, TRACE_VERBOSE } from '@livestore/utils'
+import { isNotUndefined, shouldNeverHappen, TRACE_VERBOSE } from '@livestore/utils'
 import type { HttpClient, Scope } from '@livestore/utils/effect'
 import {
   BucketQueue,
   Deferred,
   Effect,
   Exit,
-  Fiber,
   FiberHandle,
   Option,
   OtelTracer,
   ReadonlyArray,
-  Ref,
   Schema,
   Stream,
+  Subscribable,
   SubscriptionRef,
 } from '@livestore/utils/effect'
 import type * as otel from '@opentelemetry/api'
@@ -37,58 +36,28 @@ import { getBackendHeadFromDb, getLocalHeadFromDb, getMutationEventsSince, updat
 import type { InitialBlockingSyncContext, InitialSyncInfo, LeaderSyncProcessor } from './types.js'
 import { LeaderThreadCtx } from './types.js'
 
-type ProcessorStateInit = {
-  _tag: 'init'
-}
-
-type ProcessorStateInSync = {
-  _tag: 'in-sync'
-  syncState: SyncState.SyncState
-}
-
-type ProcessorStateApplyingSyncStateAdvance = {
-  _tag: 'applying-syncstate-advance'
-  origin: 'pull' | 'push'
-  syncState: SyncState.SyncState
-  // TODO re-introduce this
-  // proccesHead: EventId
-  fiber: Fiber.RuntimeFiber<void, UnexpectedError>
-}
-
-type ProcessorState = ProcessorStateInit | ProcessorStateInSync | ProcessorStateApplyingSyncStateAdvance
-
 /**
- * The general idea of the sync processor is to "follow the sync state"
- * and apply/rollback mutations as needed to the read model and mutation log.
- * The leader sync processor is also responsible for
- * - broadcasting mutations to client sessions via the pull queues.
- * - pushing mutations to the sync backend
+ * The LeaderSyncProcessor manages synchronization of mutations between
+ * the local state and the sync backend, ensuring efficient and orderly processing.
  *
- * In the leader sync processor, pulling always has precedence over pushing.
+ * In the LeaderSyncProcessor, pulling always has precedence over pushing.
  *
- * External events:
- * - Mutation pushed from client session
- * - Mutation pushed from devtools (via pushPartial)
- * - Mutation pulled from sync backend
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - Queueing incoming local mutations in a localPushMailbox.
+ * - Broadcasting mutations to client sessions via pull queues.
+ * - Pushing mutations to the sync backend.
  *
- * The machine can be in the following states:
- * - in-sync: fully synced with remote, now idling
- * - applying-syncstate-advance (with pointer to current progress in case of rebase interrupt)
+ * Notes:
  *
- * Transitions:
- * - in-sync -> applying-syncstate-advance
- * - applying-syncstate-advance -> in-sync
- * - applying-syncstate-advance -> applying-syncstate-advance (need to interrupt previous operation)
+ * local push processing:
+ * - localPushMailbox:
+ *   - Maintains events in ascending order.
+ *   - Uses `Deferred` objects to resolve/reject events based on application success.
+ * - Processes events from the mailbox, applying mutations in batches.
+ * - Controlled by a `Latch` to manage execution flow.
+ * - The latch closes on pull receipt and re-opens post-pull completion.
+ * - Processes up to `maxBatchSize` events per cycle.
  *
- * Queuing vs interrupting behaviour:
- * - Operations caused by pull can never be interrupted
- * - Incoming pull can interrupt current push
- * - Incoming pull needs to wait to previous pull to finish
- * - Incoming push needs to wait to previous push to finish
- *
- * Backend pushing:
- * - continously push to backend
- * - only interrupted and restarted on rebase
  */
 export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
   schema,
@@ -105,9 +74,7 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const syncBackendQueue = yield* BucketQueue.make<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>()
 
-    const stateRef = yield* Ref.make<ProcessorState>({ _tag: 'init' })
-
-    const semaphore = yield* Effect.makeSemaphore(1)
+    const syncStateSref = yield* SubscriptionRef.make<SyncState.SyncState | undefined>(undefined)
 
     const isLocalEvent = (mutationEventEncoded: MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta) => {
       const mutationDef = schema.mutations.get(mutationEventEncoded.mutation)!
@@ -115,105 +82,35 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
     }
 
     const spanRef = { current: undefined as otel.Span | undefined }
-    const applyMutationItemsRef = { current: undefined as ApplyMutationItems | undefined }
-
-    // TODO get rid of counters once Effect semaphore ordering is fixed
-    let counterRef = 0
-    let expectedCounter = 0
 
-    /*
-    TODO: refactor
-    - Pushes go directly into a Mailbox
-    - Have a worker fiber that takes from the mailbox (wouldn't need a semaphore)
-    */
+    const localPushesQueue = yield* BucketQueue.make<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>()
+    const localPushesLatch = yield* Effect.makeLatch(true)
+    const pullLatch = yield* Effect.makeLatch(true)
 
-    const waitForSyncState = (counter: number): Effect.Effect<ProcessorStateInSync> =>
+    const push: LeaderSyncProcessor['push'] = (newEvents, options) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        // console.log('waitForSyncState: waiting for semaphore', counter)
-        yield* semaphore.take(1)
-        // NOTE this is a workaround to ensure the semaphore take-order is respected
-        // TODO this needs to be fixed upstream in Effect
-        if (counter !== expectedCounter) {
-          console.log(
-            `waitForSyncState: counter mismatch (expected: ${expectedCounter}, got: ${counter}), releasing semaphore`,
-          )
-          yield* semaphore.release(1)
-          yield* Effect.yieldNow()
-          // Retrying...
-          return yield* waitForSyncState(counter)
-        }
-        // console.log('waitForSyncState: took semaphore', counter)
-        const state = yield* Ref.get(stateRef)
-        if (state._tag !== 'in-sync') {
-          return shouldNeverHappen('Expected to be in-sync but got ' + state._tag)
-        }
-        expectedCounter = counter + 1
-        return state
-      }).pipe(Effect.withSpan(`@livestore/common:leader-thread:syncing:waitForSyncState(${counter})`))
-
-    const push = (newEvents: ReadonlyArray<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const counter = counterRef
-        counterRef++
         // TODO validate batch
         if (newEvents.length === 0) return
 
-        const { connectedClientSessionPullQueues } = yield* LeaderThreadCtx
-
-        // TODO if there are multiple pending pushes, we should batch them together
-        const state = yield* waitForSyncState(counter)
+        const waitForProcessing = options?.waitForProcessing ?? false
 
-        const updateResult = SyncState.updateSyncState({
-          syncState: state.syncState,
-          payload: { _tag: 'local-push', newEvents },
-          isLocalEvent,
-          isEqualEvent: MutationEvent.isEqualEncoded,
-        })
+        const deferreds = waitForProcessing
+          ? yield* Effect.forEach(newEvents, () => Deferred.make<void, InvalidPushError>())
+          : newEvents.map((_) => undefined)
 
-        if (updateResult._tag === 'rebase') {
-          return shouldNeverHappen('The leader thread should never have to rebase due to a local push')
-        } else if (updateResult._tag === 'reject') {
-          return yield* Effect.fail(
-            InvalidPushError.make({
-              reason: {
-                _tag: 'LeaderAhead',
-                minimumExpectedId: updateResult.expectedMinimumId,
-                providedId: newEvents.at(0)!.id,
-              },
+        // TODO validate batch ordering
+        const mappedEvents = newEvents.map(
+          (mutationEventEncoded, i) =>
+            new MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta({
+              ...mutationEventEncoded,
+              meta: { deferred: deferreds[i] },
             }),
-          )
-        }
-
-        const fiber = yield* applyMutationItemsRef.current!({ batchItems: updateResult.newEvents }).pipe(Effect.fork)
-
-        yield* Ref.set(stateRef, {
-          _tag: 'applying-syncstate-advance',
-          origin: 'push',
-          syncState: updateResult.newSyncState,
-          fiber,
-        })
-
-        // console.log('setRef:applying-syncstate-advance after push', counter)
-
-        yield* connectedClientSessionPullQueues.offer({
-          payload: { _tag: 'upstream-advance', newEvents: updateResult.newEvents },
-          remaining: 0,
-        })
-
-        spanRef.current?.addEvent('local-push', {
-          batchSize: newEvents.length,
-          updateResult: TRACE_VERBOSE ? JSON.stringify(updateResult) : undefined,
-        })
-
-        // Don't sync localOnly mutations
-        const filteredBatch = updateResult.newEvents.filter((mutationEventEncoded) => {
-          const mutationDef = schema.mutations.get(mutationEventEncoded.mutation)!
-          return mutationDef.options.localOnly === false
-        })
-
-        yield* BucketQueue.offerAll(syncBackendQueue, filteredBatch)
+        )
+        yield* BucketQueue.offerAll(localPushesQueue, mappedEvents)
 
-        yield* fiber // Waiting for the mutation to be applied
+        if (waitForProcessing) {
+          yield* Effect.all(deferreds as ReadonlyArray<Deferred.Deferred<void, InvalidPushError>>)
+        }
       }).pipe(
         Effect.withSpan('@livestore/common:leader-thread:syncing:local-push', {
           attributes: {
@@ -228,8 +125,8 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
 
     const pushPartial: LeaderSyncProcessor['pushPartial'] = (mutationEventEncoded_) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const state = yield* Ref.get(stateRef)
-        if (state._tag === 'init') return shouldNeverHappen('Not initialized')
+        const syncState = yield* syncStateSref
+        if (syncState === undefined) return shouldNeverHappen('Not initialized')
 
         const mutationDef =
           schema.mutations.get(mutationEventEncoded_.mutation) ??
@@ -237,7 +134,7 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
 
         const mutationEventEncoded = new MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta({
           ...mutationEventEncoded_,
-          ...EventId.nextPair(state.syncState.localHead, mutationDef.options.localOnly),
+          ...EventId.nextPair(syncState.localHead, mutationDef.options.localOnly),
         })
 
         yield* push([mutationEventEncoded])
@@ -263,18 +160,16 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
           local: EventId.localDefault,
         }).pipe(Effect.map(ReadonlyArray.map((_) => new MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta(_))))
 
-        const initialSyncState = {
+        const initialSyncState = new SyncState.SyncState({
           pending: pendingMutationEvents,
           // On the leader we don't need a rollback tail beyond `pending` items
           rollbackTail: [],
           upstreamHead: { global: initialBackendHead, local: EventId.localDefault },
           localHead: initialLocalHead,
-        } as SyncState.SyncState
+        })
 
         /** State transitions need to happen atomically, so we use a Ref to track the state */
-        yield* Ref.set(stateRef, { _tag: 'in-sync', syncState: initialSyncState })
-
-        applyMutationItemsRef.current = yield* makeApplyMutationItems({ stateRef, semaphore })
+        yield* SubscriptionRef.set(syncStateSref, initialSyncState)
 
         // Rehydrate sync queue
         if (pendingMutationEvents.length > 0) {
@@ -288,6 +183,17 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
           yield* BucketQueue.offerAll(syncBackendQueue, filteredBatch)
         }
 
+        yield* backgroundApplyLocalPushes({
+          localPushesLatch,
+          localPushesQueue,
+          pullLatch,
+          syncStateSref,
+          syncBackendQueue,
+          schema,
+          isLocalEvent,
+          span,
+        }).pipe(Effect.tapCauseLogPretty, Effect.forkScoped)
+
         const backendPushingFiberHandle = yield* FiberHandle.make()
 
         yield* FiberHandle.run(
@@ -314,9 +220,9 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
                 backgroundBackendPushing({ dbReady, syncBackendQueue, span }).pipe(Effect.tapCauseLogPretty),
               )
             }),
-          applyMutationItemsRef,
-          stateRef,
-          semaphore,
+          syncStateSref,
+          localPushesLatch,
+          pullLatch,
           span,
           initialBlockingSyncContext,
         }).pipe(Effect.tapCauseLogPretty, Effect.forkScoped)
@@ -326,26 +232,130 @@ export const makeLeaderSyncProcessor = ({
       push,
       pushPartial,
       boot,
-      syncState: Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const state = yield* Ref.get(stateRef)
-        if (state._tag === 'init') return shouldNeverHappen('Not initialized')
-        return state.syncState
+      syncState: Subscribable.make({
+        get: Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const syncState = yield* syncStateSref
+          if (syncState === undefined) return shouldNeverHappen('Not initialized')
+          return syncState
+        }),
+        changes: syncStateSref.changes.pipe(Stream.filter(isNotUndefined)),
       }),
     } satisfies LeaderSyncProcessor
   })
 
+const backgroundApplyLocalPushes = ({
+  localPushesLatch,
+  localPushesQueue,
+  pullLatch,
+  syncStateSref,
+  syncBackendQueue,
+  schema,
+  isLocalEvent,
+  span,
+}: {
+  pullLatch: Effect.Latch
+  localPushesLatch: Effect.Latch
+  localPushesQueue: BucketQueue.BucketQueue<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>
+  syncStateSref: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<SyncState.SyncState | undefined>
+  syncBackendQueue: BucketQueue.BucketQueue<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>
+  schema: LiveStoreSchema
+  isLocalEvent: (mutationEventEncoded: MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta) => boolean
+  span: otel.Span | undefined
+}) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const { connectedClientSessionPullQueues } = yield* LeaderThreadCtx
+
+    const applyMutationItems = yield* makeApplyMutationItems
+
+    while (true) {
+      // TODO make this configurable
+      const newEvents = yield* BucketQueue.takeBetween(localPushesQueue, 1, 10)
+
+      // Wait for the backend pulling to finish
+      yield* localPushesLatch.await
+
+      // Prevent the backend pulling from starting until this local push is finished
+      yield* pullLatch.close
+
+      const syncState = yield* syncStateSref
+      if (syncState === undefined) return shouldNeverHappen('Not initialized')
+
+      const updateResult = SyncState.updateSyncState({
+        syncState,
+        payload: { _tag: 'local-push', newEvents },
+        isLocalEvent,
+        isEqualEvent: MutationEvent.isEqualEncoded,
+      })
+
+      if (updateResult._tag === 'rebase') {
+        return shouldNeverHappen('The leader thread should never have to rebase due to a local push')
+      } else if (updateResult._tag === 'reject') {
+        span?.addEvent('local-push:reject', {
+          batchSize: newEvents.length,
+          updateResult: TRACE_VERBOSE ? JSON.stringify(updateResult) : undefined,
+        })
+
+        const providedId = newEvents.at(0)!.id
+        const remainingEvents = yield* BucketQueue.takeAll(localPushesQueue)
+        const allEvents = [...newEvents, ...remainingEvents]
+        yield* Effect.forEach(allEvents, (mutationEventEncoded) =>
+          mutationEventEncoded.meta.deferred
+            ? Deferred.fail(
+                mutationEventEncoded.meta.deferred,
+                InvalidPushError.make({
+                  // TODO improve error handling so it differentiates between a push being rejected
+                  // because of itself or because of another push
+                  reason: {
+                    _tag: 'LeaderAhead',
+                    minimumExpectedId: updateResult.expectedMinimumId,
+                    providedId,
+                  },
+                }),
+              )
+            : Effect.void,
+        )
+
+        // Allow the backend pulling to start
+        yield* pullLatch.open
+
+        // In this case we're skipping state update and down/upstream processing
+        // We've cleared the local push queue and are now waiting for new local pushes / backend pulls
+        continue
+      }
+
+      yield* SubscriptionRef.set(syncStateSref, updateResult.newSyncState)
+
+      yield* connectedClientSessionPullQueues.offer({
+        payload: { _tag: 'upstream-advance', newEvents: updateResult.newEvents },
+        remaining: 0,
+      })
+
+      span?.addEvent('local-push', {
+        batchSize: newEvents.length,
+        updateResult: TRACE_VERBOSE ? JSON.stringify(updateResult) : undefined,
+      })
+
+      // Don't sync localOnly mutations
+      const filteredBatch = updateResult.newEvents.filter((mutationEventEncoded) => {
+        const mutationDef = schema.mutations.get(mutationEventEncoded.mutation)!
+        return mutationDef.options.localOnly === false
+      })
+
+      yield* BucketQueue.offerAll(syncBackendQueue, filteredBatch)
+
+      yield* applyMutationItems({ batchItems: newEvents })
+
+      // Allow the backend pulling to start
+      yield* pullLatch.open
+    }
+  })
+
 type ApplyMutationItems = (_: {
   batchItems: ReadonlyArray<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>
 }) => Effect.Effect<void, UnexpectedError>
 
 // TODO how to handle errors gracefully
-const makeApplyMutationItems = ({
-  stateRef,
-  semaphore,
-}: {
-  stateRef: Ref.Ref<ProcessorState>
-  semaphore: Effect.Semaphore
-}): Effect.Effect<ApplyMutationItems, UnexpectedError, LeaderThreadCtx | Scope.Scope> =>
+const makeApplyMutationItems: Effect.Effect<ApplyMutationItems, UnexpectedError, LeaderThreadCtx | Scope.Scope> =
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const leaderThreadCtx = yield* LeaderThreadCtx
     const { db, dbLog } = leaderThreadCtx
@@ -354,12 +364,6 @@ const makeApplyMutationItems = ({
 
     return ({ batchItems }) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const state = yield* Ref.get(stateRef)
-        if (state._tag !== 'applying-syncstate-advance') {
-          // console.log('applyMutationItems: counter', counter)
-          return shouldNeverHappen(`Expected to be applying-syncstate-advance but got ${state._tag}`)
-        }
-
         db.execute('BEGIN TRANSACTION', undefined) // Start the transaction
         dbLog.execute('BEGIN TRANSACTION', undefined) // Start the transaction
 
@@ -381,20 +385,12 @@ const makeApplyMutationItems = ({
           if (meta?.deferred) {
             yield* Deferred.succeed(meta.deferred, void 0)
           }
-
-          // TODO re-introduce this
-          // if (i < batchItems.length - 1) {
-          //   yield* Ref.set(stateRef, { ...state, proccesHead: batchItems[i + 1]!.id })
-          // }
         }
 
         db.execute('COMMIT', undefined) // Commit the transaction
         dbLog.execute('COMMIT', undefined) // Commit the transaction
-
-        yield* Ref.set(stateRef, { _tag: 'in-sync', syncState: state.syncState })
-        // console.log('setRef:sync after applyMutationItems', counter)
-        yield* semaphore.release(1)
       }).pipe(
+        Effect.uninterruptible,
         Effect.scoped,
         Effect.withSpan('@livestore/common:leader-thread:syncing:applyMutationItems', {
           attributes: { count: batchItems.length },
@@ -410,9 +406,9 @@ const backgroundBackendPulling = ({
   isLocalEvent,
   restartBackendPushing,
   span,
-  stateRef,
-  applyMutationItemsRef,
-  semaphore,
+  syncStateSref,
+  localPushesLatch,
+  pullLatch,
   initialBlockingSyncContext,
 }: {
   dbReady: Deferred.Deferred<void>
@@ -422,9 +418,9 @@ const backgroundBackendPulling = ({
     filteredRebasedPending: ReadonlyArray<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>,
   ) => Effect.Effect<void, UnexpectedError, LeaderThreadCtx | HttpClient.HttpClient>
   span: otel.Span | undefined
-  stateRef: Ref.Ref<ProcessorState>
-  applyMutationItemsRef: { current: ApplyMutationItems | undefined }
-  semaphore: Effect.Semaphore
+  syncStateSref: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<SyncState.SyncState | undefined>
+  localPushesLatch: Effect.Latch
+  pullLatch: Effect.Latch
   initialBlockingSyncContext: InitialBlockingSyncContext
 }) =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -434,30 +430,25 @@ const backgroundBackendPulling = ({
 
     const cursorInfo = yield* getCursorInfo(initialBackendHead)
 
+    const applyMutationItems = yield* makeApplyMutationItems
+
     const onNewPullChunk = (newEvents: MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta[], remaining: number) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         if (newEvents.length === 0) return
 
-        const state = yield* Ref.get(stateRef)
-        if (state._tag === 'init') return shouldNeverHappen('Not initialized')
+        // Prevent more local pushes from being processed until this pull is finished
+        yield* localPushesLatch.close
 
-        // const counter = state.counter + 1
+        // Wait for pending local pushes to finish
+        yield* pullLatch.await
 
-        if (state._tag === 'applying-syncstate-advance') {
-          if (state.origin === 'push') {
-            yield* Fiber.interrupt(state.fiber)
-            // In theory we should force-take the semaphore here, but as it's still taken,
-            // it's already in the right state we want it to be in
-          } else {
-            // Wait for previous advance to finish
-            yield* semaphore.take(1)
-          }
-        }
+        const syncState = yield* syncStateSref
+        if (syncState === undefined) return shouldNeverHappen('Not initialized')
 
         const trimRollbackUntil = newEvents.at(-1)!.id
 
         const updateResult = SyncState.updateSyncState({
-          syncState: state.syncState,
+          syncState,
           payload: { _tag: 'upstream-advance', newEvents, trimRollbackUntil },
           isLocalEvent,
           isEqualEvent: MutationEvent.isEqualEncoded,
@@ -513,14 +504,14 @@ const backgroundBackendPulling = ({
 
         trimChangesetRows(db, newBackendHead)
 
-        const fiber = yield* applyMutationItemsRef.current!({ batchItems: updateResult.newEvents }).pipe(Effect.fork)
+        yield* applyMutationItems({ batchItems: updateResult.newEvents })
 
-        yield* Ref.set(stateRef, {
-          _tag: 'applying-syncstate-advance',
-          origin: 'pull',
-          syncState: updateResult.newSyncState,
-          fiber,
-        })
+        yield* SubscriptionRef.set(syncStateSref, updateResult.newSyncState)
+
+        if (remaining === 0) {
+          // Allow local pushes to be processed again
+          yield* localPushesLatch.open
+        }
       })
 
     yield* syncBackend.pull(cursorInfo).pipe(

package/src/leader-thread/apply-mutation.ts

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export const makeApplyMutation: Effect.Effect<ApplyMutation, never, Scope.Scope
           attributes: {
             mutationName: mutationEventEncoded.mutation,
             mutationId: mutationEventEncoded.id,
-            'span.label': mutationEventEncoded.mutation,
+            'span.label': `(${mutationEventEncoded.id.global},${mutationEventEncoded.id.local}) ${mutationEventEncoded.mutation}`,
           },
         }),
         // Effect.logDuration('@livestore/common:leader-thread:applyMutation'),

package/src/leader-thread/types.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type {
   Option,
   Queue,
   Scope,
+  Subscribable,
   SubscriptionRef,
   WebChannel,
 } from '@livestore/utils/effect'
@@ -111,13 +112,20 @@ export interface LeaderSyncProcessor {
   push: (
     /** `batch` needs to follow the same rules as `batch` in `SyncBackend.push` */
     batch: ReadonlyArray<MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta>,
-  ) => Effect.Effect<void, UnexpectedError | InvalidPushError, HttpClient.HttpClient | LeaderThreadCtx>
+    options?: {
+      /**
+       * If true, the effect will only finish when the local push has been processed (i.e. succeeded or was rejected).
+       * @default false
+       */
+      waitForProcessing?: boolean
+    },
+  ) => Effect.Effect<void, InvalidPushError>
 
   pushPartial: (mutationEvent: MutationEvent.PartialAnyEncoded) => Effect.Effect<void, UnexpectedError, LeaderThreadCtx>
   boot: (args: {
     dbReady: Deferred.Deferred<void>
   }) => Effect.Effect<void, UnexpectedError, LeaderThreadCtx | Scope.Scope | HttpClient.HttpClient>
-  syncState: Effect.Effect<SyncState.SyncState, UnexpectedError>
+  syncState: Subscribable.Subscribable<SyncState.SyncState>
 }
 
 export interface PullQueueSet {

package/src/schema/MutationEvent.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { memoizeByRef } from '@livestore/utils'
 import type { Deferred } from '@livestore/utils/effect'
 import { Schema } from '@livestore/utils/effect'
 
+import type { InvalidPushError } from '../sync/sync.js'
 import * as EventId from './EventId.js'
 import type { MutationDef, MutationDefRecord } from './mutations.js'
 import type { LiveStoreSchema } from './schema.js'
@@ -138,7 +139,10 @@ export class EncodedWithMeta extends Schema.Class<EncodedWithMeta>('MutationEven
   id: EventId.EventId,
   parentId: EventId.EventId,
   meta: Schema.optionalWith(
-    Schema.Any as Schema.Schema<{ deferred?: Deferred.Deferred<void>; sessionChangeset?: Uint8Array }>,
+    Schema.Any as Schema.Schema<{
+      deferred?: Deferred.Deferred<void, InvalidPushError>
+      sessionChangeset?: Uint8Array
+    }>,
     { default: () => ({}) },
   ),
 }) {

package/src/sync/ClientSessionSyncProcessor.ts

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import type { ClientSessionLeaderThreadProxy, UnexpectedError } from '../adapter
 import * as EventId from '../schema/EventId.js'
 import { type LiveStoreSchema } from '../schema/mod.js'
 import * as MutationEvent from '../schema/MutationEvent.js'
-import type { SyncState } from './syncstate.js'
-import { updateSyncState } from './syncstate.js'
+import { SyncState, updateSyncState } from './syncstate.js'
 
 /**
  * Rebase behaviour:
@@ -47,13 +46,13 @@ export const makeClientSessionSyncProcessor = ({
   const mutationEventSchema = MutationEvent.makeMutationEventSchemaMemo(schema)
 
   const syncStateRef = {
-    current: {
+    current: new SyncState({
       localHead: initialLeaderHead,
       upstreamHead: initialLeaderHead,
       pending: [],
       // TODO init rollbackTail from leader to be ready for backend rebasing
       rollbackTail: [],
-    } as SyncState,
+    }),
   }
 
   const isLocalEvent = (mutationEventEncoded: MutationEvent.EncodedWithMeta) => {
@@ -103,6 +102,7 @@ export const makeClientSessionSyncProcessor = ({
       mutationEvent.meta.sessionChangeset = res.sessionChangeset
     }
 
+    // console.debug('pushToLeader', encodedMutationEvents.length, ...encodedMutationEvents.map((_) => _.toJSON()))
     pushToLeader(encodedMutationEvents)
 
     return { writeTables }
@@ -154,6 +154,8 @@ export const makeClientSessionSyncProcessor = ({
                 event.meta.sessionChangeset = undefined
               }
             }
+
+            pushToLeader(updateResult.newSyncState.pending)
           } else {
             span.addEvent('pull:advance', {
               payloadTag: payload._tag,