@liveblocks/core 3.23.1 → 3.24.0

package/dist/index.js

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ var __export = (target, all) => {
 
 // src/version.ts
 var PKG_NAME = "@liveblocks/core";
-var PKG_VERSION = "3.23.1";
+var PKG_VERSION = "3.24.0";
 var PKG_FORMAT = "esm";
 
 // src/dupe-detection.ts
@@ -988,14 +988,15 @@ var OpCode = Object.freeze({
   DELETE_OBJECT_KEY: 6,
   CREATE_MAP: 7,
   CREATE_REGISTER: 8,
-  // TODO: 9 and 10 are used by LiveText, wait until it's merged.
+  CREATE_TEXT: 9,
+  UPDATE_TEXT: 10,
   CREATE_FILE: 11
 });
 function isIgnoredOp(op) {
   return op.type === OpCode.DELETE_CRDT && op.id === "ACK";
 }
 function isCreateOp(op) {
-  return op.type === OpCode.CREATE_OBJECT || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_REGISTER || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_FILE || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_MAP || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_LIST;
+  return op.type === OpCode.CREATE_OBJECT || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_REGISTER || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_FILE || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_MAP || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_LIST || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_TEXT;
 }
 
 // src/protocol/StorageNode.ts
@@ -1004,7 +1005,7 @@ var CrdtType = Object.freeze({
   LIST: 1,
   MAP: 2,
   REGISTER: 3,
-  // TODO: 4 is used by LiveText, wait until it's merged.
+  TEXT: 4,
   FILE: 5
 });
 function isRootStorageNode(node) {
@@ -1022,6 +1023,9 @@ function isMapStorageNode(node) {
 function isRegisterStorageNode(node) {
   return node[1].type === CrdtType.REGISTER;
 }
+function isTextStorageNode(node) {
+  return node[1].type === CrdtType.TEXT;
+}
 function isFileStorageNode(node) {
   return node[1].type === CrdtType.FILE;
 }
@@ -1047,6 +1051,9 @@ function* compactNodesToNodeStream(compactNodes) {
       case CrdtType.REGISTER:
         yield [cnode[0], { type: CrdtType.REGISTER, parentId: cnode[2], parentKey: cnode[3], data: cnode[4] }];
         break;
+      case CrdtType.TEXT:
+        yield [cnode[0], { type: CrdtType.TEXT, parentId: cnode[2], parentKey: cnode[3], data: cnode[4], version: cnode[5] }];
+        break;
       case CrdtType.FILE:
         yield [cnode[0], { type: CrdtType.FILE, parentId: cnode[2], parentKey: cnode[3], data: cnode[4] }];
         break;
@@ -1078,6 +1085,17 @@ function* nodeStreamToCompactNodes(nodes) {
       const id = node[0];
       const crdt = node[1];
       yield [id, CrdtType.REGISTER, crdt.parentId, crdt.parentKey, crdt.data];
+    } else if (isTextStorageNode(node)) {
+      const id = node[0];
+      const crdt = node[1];
+      yield [
+        id,
+        CrdtType.TEXT,
+        crdt.parentId,
+        crdt.parentKey,
+        crdt.data,
+        crdt.version
+      ];
     } else if (isFileStorageNode(node)) {
       const id = node[0];
       const crdt = node[1];
@@ -1087,6 +1105,42 @@ function* nodeStreamToCompactNodes(nodes) {
   }
 }
 
+// src/internal.ts
+var kInternal = /* @__PURE__ */ Symbol();
+
+// src/lib/fancy-console.ts
+var fancy_console_exports = {};
+__export(fancy_console_exports, {
+  error: () => error2,
+  errorWithTitle: () => errorWithTitle,
+  warn: () => warn,
+  warnWithTitle: () => warnWithTitle
+});
+var badge = "background:#0e0d12;border-radius:9999px;color:#fff;padding:3px 7px;font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:600;";
+var bold = "font-weight:600";
+function wrap(method) {
+  return typeof window === "undefined" || process.env.NODE_ENV === "test" ? console[method] : (
+    /* istanbul ignore next */
+    (message, ...args) => console[method]("%cLiveblocks", badge, message, ...args)
+  );
+}
+var warn = wrap("warn");
+var error2 = wrap("error");
+function wrapWithTitle(method) {
+  return typeof window === "undefined" || process.env.NODE_ENV === "test" ? console[method] : (
+    /* istanbul ignore next */
+    (title, message, ...args) => console[method](
+      `%cLiveblocks%c ${title}`,
+      badge,
+      bold,
+      message,
+      ...args
+    )
+  );
+}
+var warnWithTitle = wrapWithTitle("warn");
+var errorWithTitle = wrapWithTitle("error");
+
 // src/lib/position.ts
 var MIN_CODE = 32;
 var MAX_CODE = 126;
@@ -1266,6 +1320,18 @@ function asPos(str) {
   return isPos(str) ? str : convertToPos(str);
 }
 
+// src/crdts/StorageUpdates.ts
+var REMOTE = freeze({ origin: "remote" });
+var LOCAL_EDIT = freeze({ origin: "local", via: "edit" });
+var LOCAL_UNDO = freeze({ origin: "local", via: "undo" });
+var LOCAL_REDO = freeze({ origin: "local", via: "redo" });
+function toUpdateSource(source) {
+  return source.origin === "remote" ? source : (
+    // Removes `optimistic` field, which is not public
+    { origin: "local", via: source.via }
+  );
+}
+
 // src/crdts/UnacknowledgedOps.ts
 var UnacknowledgedOps = class {
   // opId -> op
@@ -1284,6 +1350,10 @@ ${parentKey}`;
   get size() {
     return this.#byOpId.size;
   }
+  /** The still-unacknowledged op with the given opId, if any. */
+  get(opId) {
+    return this.#byOpId.get(opId);
+  }
   /**
    * Mark the given Op as still unacknowledged.
    */
@@ -1366,6 +1436,8 @@ ${parentKey}`;
 };
 
 // src/crdts/AbstractCrdt.ts
+var warnedOrphanedNodes = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakSet();
+var ORPHANED_NODE_WARNING = "Cannot sync changes made to this Live structure because it is no longer part of Storage. Retrieve the current value from its parent before mutating it.";
 function createManagedPool(options) {
   const {
     getCurrentConnectionId,
@@ -1383,8 +1455,8 @@ function createManagedPool(options) {
     deleteNode: (id) => void nodes.delete(id),
     generateId: () => `${getCurrentConnectionId()}:${clock++}`,
     generateOpId: () => `${getCurrentConnectionId()}:${opClock++}`,
-    dispatch(ops, reverse, storageUpdates) {
-      onDispatch?.(ops, reverse, storageUpdates);
+    dispatch(ops, reverse, storageUpdates, options2) {
+      onDispatch?.(ops, reverse, storageUpdates, options2);
     },
     assertStorageIsWritable: () => {
       if (!isStorageWritable()) {
@@ -1407,10 +1479,17 @@ function Orphaned(oldKey, oldPos = asPos(oldKey)) {
   return Object.freeze({ type: "Orphaned", oldKey, oldPos });
 }
 var AbstractCrdt = class {
-  //                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^ TODO: Make this an interface
   #pool;
   #id;
   #parent = NoParent;
+  constructor() {
+    Object.defineProperty(this, kInternal, {
+      value: {
+        getId: () => this.#id
+      },
+      enumerable: false
+    });
+  }
   /** @internal */
   _getParentKeyOrThrow() {
     switch (this.parent.type) {
@@ -1450,6 +1529,17 @@ var AbstractCrdt = class {
     return this.#parent;
   }
   /** @internal */
+  _warnIfOrphaned() {
+    const node = crdtAsLiveNode(this);
+    if (this.parent.type === "Orphaned" && !warnedOrphanedNodes.has(node)) {
+      warnedOrphanedNodes.add(node);
+      warn(ORPHANED_NODE_WARNING, {
+        type: node.constructor.name,
+        formerParentKey: this.parent.oldKey
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  /** @internal */
   get _parentKey() {
     switch (this.parent.type) {
       case "HasParent":
@@ -1463,11 +1553,14 @@ var AbstractCrdt = class {
     }
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _apply(op, _isLocal) {
+  _apply(op, source) {
     switch (op.type) {
       case OpCode.DELETE_CRDT: {
         if (this.parent.type === "HasParent") {
-          return this.parent.node._detachChild(crdtAsLiveNode(this));
+          return this.parent.node._detachChild(
+            crdtAsLiveNode(this),
+            toUpdateSource(source)
+          );
         }
         return { modified: false };
       }
@@ -1657,8 +1750,8 @@ var LiveFile = class _LiveFile extends AbstractCrdt {
     throw new Error("A LiveFile node cannot have children");
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _apply(op, isLocal) {
-    return super._apply(op, isLocal);
+  _apply(op, source) {
+    return super._apply(op, source);
   }
   /** @internal */
   _toTreeNode(key) {
@@ -1678,39 +1771,6 @@ var LiveFile = class _LiveFile extends AbstractCrdt {
   }
 };
 
-// src/lib/fancy-console.ts
-var fancy_console_exports = {};
-__export(fancy_console_exports, {
-  error: () => error2,
-  errorWithTitle: () => errorWithTitle,
-  warn: () => warn,
-  warnWithTitle: () => warnWithTitle
-});
-var badge = "background:#0e0d12;border-radius:9999px;color:#fff;padding:3px 7px;font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:600;";
-var bold = "font-weight:600";
-function wrap(method) {
-  return typeof window === "undefined" || process.env.NODE_ENV === "test" ? console[method] : (
-    /* istanbul ignore next */
-    (message, ...args) => console[method]("%cLiveblocks", badge, message, ...args)
-  );
-}
-var warn = wrap("warn");
-var error2 = wrap("error");
-function wrapWithTitle(method) {
-  return typeof window === "undefined" || process.env.NODE_ENV === "test" ? console[method] : (
-    /* istanbul ignore next */
-    (title, message, ...args) => console[method](
-      `%cLiveblocks%c ${title}`,
-      badge,
-      bold,
-      message,
-      ...args
-    )
-  );
-}
-var warnWithTitle = wrapWithTitle("warn");
-var errorWithTitle = wrapWithTitle("error");
-
 // src/lib/guards.ts
 function isDefined(value) {
   return value !== null && value !== void 0;
@@ -4877,9 +4937,6 @@ var ManagedSocket = class {
   }
 };
 
-// src/internal.ts
-var kInternal = /* @__PURE__ */ Symbol();
-
 // src/lib/IncrementalJsonParser.ts
 var EMPTY_OBJECT = Object.freeze({});
 var NULL_KEYWORD_CHARS = Array.from(new Set("null"));
@@ -6881,8 +6938,8 @@ var LiveRegister = class _LiveRegister extends AbstractCrdt {
     throw new Error("Method not implemented.");
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _apply(op, isLocal) {
-    return super._apply(op, isLocal);
+  _apply(op, source) {
+    return super._apply(op, source);
   }
   /** @internal */
   _toTreeNode(key) {
@@ -7043,7 +7100,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       item._detach();
     }
   }
-  #applySetRemote(op) {
+  #applyRemoteSet(op) {
     if (this._pool === void 0) {
       throw new Error("Can't attach child if managed pool is not present");
     }
@@ -7061,9 +7118,11 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         itemWithSamePosition._detach();
         this.#items.add(child);
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, [
-            setDelta(indexOfItemWithSamePosition, child)
-          ]),
+          modified: makeUpdate(
+            this,
+            [setDelta(indexOfItemWithSamePosition, child)],
+            REMOTE
+          ),
           reverse: []
         };
       } else {
@@ -7074,20 +7133,22 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
           setDelta(indexOfItemWithSamePosition, child)
         ];
         const deleteDelta2 = this.#detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(
-          op.deletedId
+          op.deletedId,
+          REMOTE
         );
         if (deleteDelta2) {
           delta.push(deleteDelta2);
         }
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, delta),
+          modified: makeUpdate(this, delta, REMOTE),
           reverse: []
         };
       }
     } else {
       const updates = [];
       const deleteDelta2 = this.#detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(
-        op.deletedId
+        op.deletedId,
+        REMOTE
       );
       if (deleteDelta2) {
         updates.push(deleteDelta2);
@@ -7096,29 +7157,32 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       updates.push(insertDelta(this._indexOfPosition(key), child));
       return {
         reverse: [],
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, updates)
+        modified: makeUpdate(this, updates, REMOTE)
       };
     }
   }
-  #applySetAck(op) {
+  #applySetAck(op, source) {
     if (this._pool === void 0) {
       throw new Error("Can't attach child if managed pool is not present");
     }
     const delta = [];
-    const deletedDelta = this.#detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(op.deletedId);
+    const deletedDelta = this.#detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(
+      op.deletedId,
+      source
+    );
     if (deletedDelta) {
       delta.push(deletedDelta);
     }
     const unacknowledgedOpId = this.#unacknowledgedSetOpIdAt(op.parentKey);
     if (unacknowledgedOpId !== void 0 && unacknowledgedOpId !== op.opId) {
-      return delta.length === 0 ? { modified: false } : { modified: makeUpdate(this, delta), reverse: [] };
+      return delta.length === 0 ? { modified: false } : { modified: makeUpdate(this, delta, source), reverse: [] };
     }
     const indexOfItemWithSamePosition = this._indexOfPosition(op.parentKey);
     const existingItem = this.#items.find((item) => item._id === op.id);
     if (existingItem !== void 0) {
       if (existingItem._parentKey === op.parentKey) {
         return {
-          modified: delta.length > 0 ? makeUpdate(this, delta) : false,
+          modified: delta.length > 0 ? makeUpdate(this, delta, source) : false,
           reverse: []
         };
       }
@@ -7136,7 +7200,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         delta.push(moveDelta(prevIndex, newIndex, existingItem));
       }
       return {
-        modified: delta.length > 0 ? makeUpdate(this, delta) : false,
+        modified: delta.length > 0 ? makeUpdate(this, delta, source) : false,
         reverse: []
       };
     } else {
@@ -7146,11 +7210,15 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         this.#implicitlyDeletedItems.delete(orphan);
         const recreatedItemIndex = this.#insert(orphan);
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, [
-            // If there is an item at this position, update is a set, else it's an insert
-            indexOfItemWithSamePosition === -1 ? insertDelta(recreatedItemIndex, orphan) : setDelta(recreatedItemIndex, orphan),
-            ...delta
-          ]),
+          modified: makeUpdate(
+            this,
+            [
+              // If there is an item at this position, update is a set, else it's an insert
+              indexOfItemWithSamePosition === -1 ? insertDelta(recreatedItemIndex, orphan) : setDelta(recreatedItemIndex, orphan),
+              ...delta
+            ],
+            source
+          ),
           reverse: []
         };
       } else {
@@ -7165,11 +7233,15 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
           op.parentKey
         );
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, [
-            // If there is an item at this position, update is a set, else it's an insert
-            indexOfItemWithSamePosition === -1 ? insertDelta(newIndex, newItem) : setDelta(newIndex, newItem),
-            ...delta
-          ]),
+          modified: makeUpdate(
+            this,
+            [
+              // If there is an item at this position, update is a set, else it's an insert
+              indexOfItemWithSamePosition === -1 ? insertDelta(newIndex, newItem) : setDelta(newIndex, newItem),
+              ...delta
+            ],
+            source
+          ),
           reverse: []
         };
       }
@@ -7178,7 +7250,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
   /**
    * Returns the update delta of the deletion or null
    */
-  #detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(deletedId) {
+  #detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(deletedId, source) {
     if (deletedId === void 0 || this._pool === void 0) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -7186,7 +7258,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     if (deletedItem === void 0) {
       return null;
     }
-    const result = this._detachChild(deletedItem);
+    const result = this._detachChild(deletedItem, source);
     if (result.modified === false) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -7204,10 +7276,11 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     const { newItem, newIndex } = this.#createAttachItemAndSort(op, key);
     const bumpDeltas = this.#bumpUnackedPushesAbove(key);
     return {
-      modified: makeUpdate(this, [
-        insertDelta(newIndex, newItem),
-        ...bumpDeltas
-      ]),
+      modified: makeUpdate(
+        this,
+        [insertDelta(newIndex, newItem), ...bumpDeltas],
+        REMOTE
+      ),
       reverse: []
     };
   }
@@ -7288,7 +7361,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     }
     return deltas;
   }
-  #applyInsertAck(op) {
+  #applyInsertAck(op, source) {
     const existingItem = this.#items.find((item) => item._id === op.id);
     const key = asPos(op.parentKey);
     const itemIndexAtPosition = this._indexOfPosition(key);
@@ -7310,9 +7383,11 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
           return { modified: false };
         }
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, [
-            moveDelta(oldPositionIndex, newIndex, existingItem)
-          ]),
+          modified: makeUpdate(
+            this,
+            [moveDelta(oldPositionIndex, newIndex, existingItem)],
+            source
+          ),
           reverse: []
         };
       }
@@ -7324,7 +7399,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         this.#insert(orphan);
         const newIndex = this._indexOfPosition(key);
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, orphan)]),
+          modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, orphan)], source),
           reverse: []
         };
       } else {
@@ -7333,13 +7408,13 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         }
         const { newItem, newIndex } = this.#createAttachItemAndSort(op, key);
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, newItem)]),
+          modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, newItem)], source),
           reverse: []
         };
       }
     }
   }
-  #applyInsertUndoRedo(op) {
+  #applyLocalInsert(op, source) {
     const { id, parentKey: key } = op;
     const child = creationOpToLiveNode(op);
     if (this._pool?.getNode(id) !== void 0) {
@@ -7358,11 +7433,11 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     this.#insert(child);
     const newIndex = this._indexOfPosition(newKey);
     return {
-      modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)]),
+      modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)], source),
       reverse: [{ type: OpCode.DELETE_CRDT, id }]
     };
   }
-  #applySetUndoRedo(op) {
+  #applyLocalSet(op, source) {
     const { id, parentKey: key } = op;
     const child = creationOpToLiveNode(op);
     if (this._pool?.getNode(id) !== void 0) {
@@ -7384,46 +7459,48 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       );
       const delta = [setDelta(indexOfItemWithSameKey, child)];
       const deletedDelta = this.#detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(
-        op.deletedId
+        op.deletedId,
+        source
       );
       if (deletedDelta) {
         delta.push(deletedDelta);
       }
       return {
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, delta),
+        modified: makeUpdate(this, delta, source),
         reverse
       };
     } else {
       this.#insert(child);
-      this.#detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(op.deletedId);
+      this.#detachItemAssociatedToSetOperation(op.deletedId, source);
       const newIndex = this._indexOfPosition(newKey);
       return {
         reverse: [{ type: OpCode.DELETE_CRDT, id }],
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)])
+        modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)], source)
       };
     }
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _attachChild(op, source) {
+  _attachChild(op, opSource) {
+    const source = toUpdateSource(opSource);
     if (this._pool === void 0) {
       throw new Error("Can't attach child if managed pool is not present");
     }
     let result;
     if (op.intent === "set") {
-      if (source === 1 /* THEIRS */) {
-        result = this.#applySetRemote(op);
-      } else if (source === 2 /* OURS */) {
-        result = this.#applySetAck(op);
+      if (opSource.origin === "remote") {
+        result = this.#applyRemoteSet(op);
+      } else if (!opSource.optimistic) {
+        result = this.#applySetAck(op, source);
       } else {
-        result = this.#applySetUndoRedo(op);
+        result = this.#applyLocalSet(op, source);
       }
     } else {
-      if (source === 1 /* THEIRS */) {
+      if (opSource.origin === "remote") {
         result = this.#applyRemoteInsert(op);
-      } else if (source === 2 /* OURS */) {
-        result = this.#applyInsertAck(op);
+      } else if (!opSource.optimistic) {
+        result = this.#applyInsertAck(op, source);
       } else {
-        result = this.#applyInsertUndoRedo(op);
+        result = this.#applyLocalInsert(op, source);
       }
     }
     if (result.modified !== false) {
@@ -7432,7 +7509,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     return result;
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _detachChild(child) {
+  _detachChild(child, source) {
     if (child) {
       const parentKey = nn(child._parentKey);
       const reverse = child._toOps(nn(this._id), parentKey);
@@ -7447,19 +7524,23 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       this.invalidate();
       child._detach();
       return {
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, [deleteDelta(indexToDelete, previousNode)]),
+        modified: makeUpdate(
+          this,
+          [deleteDelta(indexToDelete, previousNode)],
+          source
+        ),
         reverse
       };
     }
     return { modified: false };
   }
-  #applySetChildKeyRemote(newKey, child) {
+  #applyRemoteSetChildKey(newKey, child) {
     if (this.#implicitlyDeletedItems.has(child)) {
       this.#implicitlyDeletedItems.delete(child);
       child._setParentLink(this, newKey);
       const newIndex = this.#insert(child);
       return {
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)]),
+        modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)], REMOTE),
         reverse: []
       };
     }
@@ -7480,7 +7561,11 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         };
       }
       return {
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, [moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)]),
+        modified: makeUpdate(
+          this,
+          [moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)],
+          REMOTE
+        ),
         reverse: []
       };
     } else {
@@ -7497,12 +7582,16 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         };
       }
       return {
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, [moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)]),
+        modified: makeUpdate(
+          this,
+          [moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)],
+          REMOTE
+        ),
         reverse: []
       };
     }
   }
-  #applySetChildKeyAck(newKey, child) {
+  #applySetChildKeyAck(newKey, child, source) {
     const previousKey = nn(child._parentKey);
     if (this.#implicitlyDeletedItems.has(child)) {
       const existingItemIndex = this._indexOfPosition(newKey);
@@ -7521,7 +7610,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       child._setParentLink(this, newKey);
       const newIndex = this.#insert(child);
       return {
-        modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)]),
+        modified: makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(newIndex, child)], source),
         reverse: []
       };
     } else {
@@ -7549,15 +7638,17 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         };
       } else {
         return {
-          modified: makeUpdate(this, [
-            moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)
-          ]),
+          modified: makeUpdate(
+            this,
+            [moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)],
+            source
+          ),
           reverse: []
         };
       }
     }
   }
-  #applySetChildKeyUndoRedo(newKey, child) {
+  #applyLocalSetChildKey(newKey, child, source) {
     const previousKey = nn(child._parentKey);
     const previousIndex = this.#items.findIndex((item) => item === child);
     const existingItemIndex = this._indexOfPosition(newKey);
@@ -7576,7 +7667,11 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       };
     }
     return {
-      modified: makeUpdate(this, [moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)]),
+      modified: makeUpdate(
+        this,
+        [moveDelta(previousIndex, newIndex, child)],
+        source
+      ),
       reverse: [
         {
           type: OpCode.SET_PARENT_KEY,
@@ -7587,18 +7682,19 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     };
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _setChildKey(newKey, child, source) {
-    if (source === 1 /* THEIRS */) {
-      return this.#applySetChildKeyRemote(newKey, child);
-    } else if (source === 2 /* OURS */) {
-      return this.#applySetChildKeyAck(newKey, child);
+  _setChildKey(newKey, child, opSource) {
+    const source = toUpdateSource(opSource);
+    if (opSource.origin === "remote") {
+      return this.#applyRemoteSetChildKey(newKey, child);
+    } else if (!opSource.optimistic) {
+      return this.#applySetChildKeyAck(newKey, child, source);
     } else {
-      return this.#applySetChildKeyUndoRedo(newKey, child);
+      return this.#applyLocalSetChildKey(newKey, child, source);
     }
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _apply(op, isLocal) {
-    return super._apply(op, isLocal);
+  _apply(op, source) {
+    return super._apply(op, source);
   }
   /** @internal */
   _serialize() {
@@ -7639,6 +7735,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
    * instead of resolving its position against the client's stale view.
    */
   #injectAt(element, index, intent) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     if (index < 0 || index > this.#items.length) {
       throw new Error(
@@ -7659,7 +7756,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         intent === "push" ? addIntentToRootOp(ops, "push") : ops,
         [{ type: OpCode.DELETE_CRDT, id }],
         /* @__PURE__ */ new Map([
-          [this._id, makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(index, value)])]
+          [this._id, makeUpdate(this, [insertDelta(index, value)], LOCAL_EDIT)]
         ])
       );
     }
@@ -7670,6 +7767,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
    * @param targetIndex The index where the element should be after moving.
    */
   move(index, targetIndex) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     if (targetIndex < 0) {
       throw new Error("targetIndex cannot be less than 0");
@@ -7700,7 +7798,10 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     this.#updateItemPositionAt(index, position);
     if (this._pool && this._id) {
       const storageUpdates = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map([
-        [this._id, makeUpdate(this, [moveDelta(index, targetIndex, item)])]
+        [
+          this._id,
+          makeUpdate(this, [moveDelta(index, targetIndex, item)], LOCAL_EDIT)
+        ]
       ]);
       this._pool.dispatch(
         [
@@ -7727,6 +7828,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
    * @param index The index of the element to delete
    */
   delete(index) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     if (index < 0 || index >= this.#items.length) {
       throw new Error(
@@ -7743,7 +7845,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
         const storageUpdates = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
         storageUpdates.set(
           nn(this._id),
-          makeUpdate(this, [deleteDelta(index, item)])
+          makeUpdate(this, [deleteDelta(index, item)], LOCAL_EDIT)
         );
         this._pool.dispatch(
           [
@@ -7760,6 +7862,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     }
   }
   clear() {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     if (this._pool) {
       const ops = [];
@@ -7783,7 +7886,10 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       this.#items.clear();
       this.invalidate();
       const storageUpdates = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-      storageUpdates.set(nn(this._id), makeUpdate(this, updateDelta));
+      storageUpdates.set(
+        nn(this._id),
+        makeUpdate(this, updateDelta, LOCAL_EDIT)
+      );
       this._pool.dispatch(ops, reverseOps, storageUpdates);
     } else {
       for (const item of this.#items) {
@@ -7794,6 +7900,7 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     }
   }
   set(index, item) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     if (index < 0 || index >= this.#items.length) {
       throw new Error(
@@ -7813,7 +7920,10 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
       const id = this._pool.generateId();
       value._attach(id, this._pool);
       const storageUpdates = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-      storageUpdates.set(this._id, makeUpdate(this, [setDelta(index, value)]));
+      storageUpdates.set(
+        this._id,
+        makeUpdate(this, [setDelta(index, value)], LOCAL_EDIT)
+      );
       const ops = addIntentToRootOp(
         value._toOpsWithOpId(this._id, position, this._pool),
         "set",
@@ -7986,11 +8096,12 @@ var LiveList = class _LiveList extends AbstractCrdt {
     );
   }
 };
-function makeUpdate(liveList, deltaUpdates) {
+function makeUpdate(liveList, deltaUpdates, source) {
   return {
     node: liveList,
     type: "LiveList",
-    updates: deltaUpdates
+    updates: deltaUpdates,
+    source
   };
 }
 function setDelta(index, item) {
@@ -8109,7 +8220,9 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
     if (this._pool.getNode(id) !== void 0) {
       return { modified: false };
     }
-    if (source === 2 /* OURS */) {
+    if (source.origin === "remote") {
+      this.#unacknowledgedSet.delete(key);
+    } else if (!source.optimistic) {
       const lastUpdateOpId = this.#unacknowledgedSet.get(key);
       if (lastUpdateOpId === opId) {
         this.#unacknowledgedSet.delete(key);
@@ -8117,8 +8230,6 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
       } else if (lastUpdateOpId !== void 0) {
         return { modified: false };
       }
-    } else if (source === 1 /* THEIRS */) {
-      this.#unacknowledgedSet.delete(key);
     }
     const previousValue = this.#map.get(key);
     let reverse;
@@ -8137,7 +8248,8 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
       modified: {
         node: this,
         type: "LiveMap",
-        updates: { [key]: { type: "update" } }
+        updates: { [key]: { type: "update" } },
+        source: toUpdateSource(source)
       },
       reverse
     };
@@ -8150,7 +8262,7 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
     }
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _detachChild(child) {
+  _detachChild(child, source) {
     const id = nn(this._id);
     const parentKey = nn(child._parentKey);
     const reverse = child._toOps(id, parentKey);
@@ -8169,7 +8281,8 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
           type: "delete",
           deletedItem: liveNodeToLson(child)
         }
-      }
+      },
+      source
     };
     return { modified: storageUpdate, reverse };
   }
@@ -8202,6 +8315,7 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
    * @param value The value of the element to add. Should be serializable to JSON.
    */
   set(key, value) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     const oldValue = this.#map.get(key);
     if (oldValue) {
@@ -8218,7 +8332,8 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
       storageUpdates.set(this._id, {
         node: this,
         type: "LiveMap",
-        updates: { [key]: { type: "update" } }
+        updates: { [key]: { type: "update" } },
+        source: LOCAL_EDIT
       });
       const ops = item._toOpsWithOpId(this._id, key, this._pool);
       this.#unacknowledgedSet.set(key, nn(ops[0].opId));
@@ -8248,6 +8363,7 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
    * @returns true if an element existed and has been removed, or false if the element does not exist.
    */
   delete(key) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     const item = this.#map.get(key);
     if (item === void 0) {
@@ -8267,7 +8383,8 @@ var LiveMap = class _LiveMap extends AbstractCrdt {
             type: "delete",
             deletedItem: liveNodeToLson(item)
           }
-        }
+        },
+        source: LOCAL_EDIT
       });
       this._pool.dispatch(
         [
@@ -8632,7 +8749,7 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
       }
       return { modified: false };
     }
-    if (source === 0 /* LOCAL */) {
+    if (source.origin === "local" && source.optimistic) {
       this.#unackedOpsByKey.set(key, nn(opId));
     } else if (this.#unackedOpsByKey.get(key) === void 0) {
     } else if (this.#unackedOpsByKey.get(key) === opId) {
@@ -8670,12 +8787,13 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
       modified: {
         node: this,
         type: "LiveObject",
-        updates: { [key]: { type: "update" } }
+        updates: { [key]: { type: "update" } },
+        source: toUpdateSource(source)
       }
     };
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _detachChild(child) {
+  _detachChild(child, source) {
     if (child) {
       const id = nn(this._id);
       const parentKey = nn(child._parentKey);
@@ -8693,7 +8811,8 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
         type: "LiveObject",
         updates: {
           [parentKey]: { type: "delete", deletedItem }
-        }
+        },
+        source
       };
       return { modified: storageUpdate, reverse };
     }
@@ -8709,13 +8828,13 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
     }
   }
   /** @internal */
-  _apply(op, isLocal) {
+  _apply(op, source) {
     if (op.type === OpCode.UPDATE_OBJECT) {
-      return this.#applyUpdate(op, isLocal);
+      return this.#applyUpdate(op, source);
     } else if (op.type === OpCode.DELETE_OBJECT_KEY) {
-      return this.#applyDeleteObjectKey(op, isLocal);
+      return this.#applyDeleteObjectKey(op, source);
     }
-    return super._apply(op, isLocal);
+    return super._apply(op, source);
   }
   /** @internal */
   _serialize() {
@@ -8739,7 +8858,7 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
       };
     }
   }
-  #applyUpdate(op, isLocal) {
+  #applyUpdate(op, source) {
     let isModified = false;
     const id = nn(this._id);
     const reverse = [];
@@ -8767,7 +8886,7 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
       if (value === void 0) {
         continue;
       }
-      if (isLocal) {
+      if (source.origin === "local" && source.optimistic) {
         this.#unackedOpsByKey.set(key, nn(op.opId));
       } else if (this.#unackedOpsByKey.get(key) === void 0) {
         isModified = true;
@@ -8794,18 +8913,19 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
       modified: {
         node: this,
         type: "LiveObject",
-        updates: updateDelta
+        updates: updateDelta,
+        source: toUpdateSource(source)
       },
       reverse
     } : { modified: false };
   }
-  #applyDeleteObjectKey(op, isLocal) {
+  #applyDeleteObjectKey(op, source) {
     const key = op.key;
     const oldValue = this.#synced.get(key);
     if (oldValue === void 0) {
       return { modified: false };
     }
-    if (!isLocal && this.#unackedOpsByKey.get(key) !== void 0) {
+    if (!(source.origin === "local" && source.optimistic) && this.#unackedOpsByKey.get(key) !== void 0) {
       return { modified: false };
     }
     const id = nn(this._id);
@@ -8831,7 +8951,8 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
         type: "LiveObject",
         updates: {
           [op.key]: { type: "delete", deletedItem: oldValue }
-        }
+        },
+        source: toUpdateSource(source)
       },
       reverse
     };
@@ -8862,6 +8983,7 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
    * Caveat: this method will not add changes to the undo/redo stack.
    */
   setLocal(key, value) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     const deleteResult = this.#prepareDelete(key);
     this.#local.set(key, value);
@@ -8877,7 +8999,8 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
         updates: {
           ...existing?.updates,
           [key]: { type: "update" }
-        }
+        },
+        source: LOCAL_EDIT
       });
       this._pool.dispatch(ops, reverse, storageUpdates);
     }
@@ -8895,6 +9018,7 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
    * #synced or pool/id are unavailable. Does NOT dispatch.
    */
   #prepareDelete(key) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     const k = key;
     if (this.#local.has(k) && !this.#synced.has(k)) {
@@ -8911,7 +9035,8 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
               type: "delete",
               deletedItem: oldValue2
             }
-          }
+          },
+          source: LOCAL_EDIT
         });
         return [[], [], storageUpdates2];
       }
@@ -8959,7 +9084,8 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
       type: "LiveObject",
       updates: {
         [key]: { type: "delete", deletedItem: oldValue }
-      }
+      },
+      source: LOCAL_EDIT
     });
     return [ops, reverse, storageUpdates];
   }
@@ -8979,6 +9105,7 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
    * @param patch The object used to overrides properties
    */
   update(patch) {
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
     this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
     if (_LiveObject.detectLargeObjects) {
       const data = {};
@@ -9097,7 +9224,8 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
     storageUpdates.set(this._id, {
       node: this,
       type: "LiveObject",
-      updates: updateDelta
+      updates: updateDelta,
+      source: LOCAL_EDIT
     });
     this._pool.dispatch(ops, reverseOps, storageUpdates);
   }
@@ -9179,123 +9307,1313 @@ var LiveObject = class _LiveObject extends AbstractCrdt {
   }
 };
 
-// src/crdts/liveblocks-helpers.ts
-function creationOpToLiveNode(op) {
-  return lsonToLiveNode(creationOpToLson(op));
-}
-function creationOpToLson(op) {
-  switch (op.type) {
-    case OpCode.CREATE_FILE:
-      return new LiveFile(op.data);
-    case OpCode.CREATE_REGISTER:
-      return op.data;
-    case OpCode.CREATE_OBJECT:
-      return new LiveObject(op.data);
-    case OpCode.CREATE_MAP:
-      return new LiveMap();
-    case OpCode.CREATE_LIST:
-      return new LiveList([]);
-    default:
-      return assertNever(op, "Unknown creation Op");
-  }
-}
-function isSameNodeOrChildOf(node, parent) {
-  if (node === parent) {
+// src/crdts/liveTextOps.ts
+function attributesEqual(left, right) {
+  if (left === right) {
     return true;
   }
-  if (node.parent.type === "HasParent") {
-    return isSameNodeOrChildOf(node.parent.node, parent);
+  if (left === void 0 || right === void 0) {
+    return false;
   }
-  return false;
-}
-function liveObjectFromNodeStream(nodes) {
-  const pool = createManagedPool({
-    getCurrentConnectionId: () => {
-      throw new Error(
-        "Cannot mutate a historic storage version: it is a read-only snapshot"
-      );
+  const leftKeys = Object.keys(left);
+  const rightKeys = Object.keys(right);
+  if (leftKeys.length !== rightKeys.length) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (const key of leftKeys) {
+    if (left[key] !== right[key]) {
+      return false;
     }
-  });
-  return LiveObject._fromItems(nodes, pool);
-}
-function deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool) {
-  if (isObjectStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveObject._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else if (isListStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveList._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else if (isMapStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveMap._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else if (isRegisterStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveRegister._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else if (isFileStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveFile._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else {
-    throw new Error("Unexpected CRDT type");
   }
+  return true;
 }
-function deserializeToLson(node, parentToChildren, pool) {
-  if (isObjectStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveObject._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else if (isListStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveList._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else if (isMapStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveMap._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else if (isRegisterStorageNode(node)) {
-    return node[1].data;
-  } else if (isFileStorageNode(node)) {
-    return LiveFile._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
-  } else {
-    throw new Error("Unexpected CRDT type");
+function cloneAttributes(attributes) {
+  return attributes === void 0 ? void 0 : freeze({ ...attributes });
+}
+function normalizeSegments(segments) {
+  const normalized = [];
+  for (const segment of segments) {
+    if (segment.text.length === 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const last = normalized.at(-1);
+    const attributes = cloneAttributes(segment.attributes);
+    if (last !== void 0 && attributesEqual(last.attributes, attributes)) {
+      last.text += segment.text;
+    } else {
+      normalized.push({ text: segment.text, attributes });
+    }
   }
+  return normalized;
 }
-function isLiveStructure(value) {
-  return isLiveList(value) || isLiveMap(value) || isLiveObject(value) || isLiveFile(value);
+function dataToSegments(data) {
+  return normalizeSegments(
+    data.map(([text, attributes]) => ({
+      text,
+      attributes
+    }))
+  );
 }
-function isLiveNode(value) {
-  return isLiveStructure(value) || isLiveRegister(value);
+function segmentsToData(segments) {
+  return segments.map(
+    (segment) => segment.attributes === void 0 ? [segment.text] : [segment.text, { ...segment.attributes }]
+  );
 }
-function isLiveList(value) {
-  return value instanceof LiveList;
+function textLength(segments) {
+  return segments.reduce((sum, segment) => sum + segment.text.length, 0);
 }
-function isLiveMap(value) {
-  return value instanceof LiveMap;
+function splitSegmentsAt(segments, index) {
+  const result = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  for (const segment of segments) {
+    const end = offset + segment.text.length;
+    if (index > offset && index < end) {
+      const before2 = segment.text.slice(0, index - offset);
+      const after2 = segment.text.slice(index - offset);
+      result.push({ text: before2, attributes: segment.attributes });
+      result.push({ text: after2, attributes: segment.attributes });
+    } else {
+      result.push({ text: segment.text, attributes: segment.attributes });
+    }
+    offset = end;
+  }
+  return result;
 }
-function isLiveObject(value) {
-  return value instanceof LiveObject;
+function clipRange(index, length, contentLength) {
+  const clippedIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(index, contentLength));
+  const clippedEnd = Math.max(
+    clippedIndex,
+    Math.min(index + length, contentLength)
+  );
+  return { index: clippedIndex, length: clippedEnd - clippedIndex };
 }
-function isLiveFile(value) {
-  return value instanceof LiveFile;
+function isInSurrogatePair(text, index) {
+  const previous = text.charCodeAt(index - 1);
+  const next = text.charCodeAt(index);
+  return previous >= 55296 && previous <= 56319 && next >= 56320 && next <= 57343;
 }
-function isLiveRegister(value) {
-  return value instanceof LiveRegister;
+function clipIndexToCodePointBoundary(text, index) {
+  const clippedIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(index, text.length));
+  return isInSurrogatePair(text, clippedIndex) ? clippedIndex - 1 : clippedIndex;
 }
-function cloneLson(value) {
-  return value === void 0 ? void 0 : isLiveStructure(value) ? value.clone() : deepClone(value);
+function clipRangeToCodePointBoundaries(text, index, length) {
+  const clipped = clipRange(index, length, text.length);
+  if (clipped.length === 0) {
+    return {
+      index: clipIndexToCodePointBoundary(text, clipped.index),
+      length: 0
+    };
+  }
+  const clippedEnd = clipped.index + clipped.length;
+  const normalizedIndex = isInSurrogatePair(text, clipped.index) ? clipped.index - 1 : clipped.index;
+  const normalizedEnd = isInSurrogatePair(text, clippedEnd) ? clippedEnd + 1 : clippedEnd;
+  return {
+    index: normalizedIndex,
+    length: normalizedEnd - normalizedIndex
+  };
 }
-function liveNodeToLson(obj) {
-  if (obj instanceof LiveRegister) {
-    return obj.data;
-  } else if (obj instanceof LiveList || obj instanceof LiveMap || obj instanceof LiveObject || obj instanceof LiveFile) {
-    return obj;
-  } else {
-    return assertNever(obj, "Unknown AbstractCrdt");
+function applyInsert(segments, index, text, attributes) {
+  if (text.length === 0) {
+    return normalizeSegments(segments);
+  }
+  const split = splitSegmentsAt(segments, index);
+  const result = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  let inserted = false;
+  for (const segment of split) {
+    if (!inserted && offset === index) {
+      result.push({ text, attributes });
+      inserted = true;
+    }
+    result.push(segment);
+    offset += segment.text.length;
   }
+  if (!inserted) {
+    result.push({ text, attributes });
+  }
+  return normalizeSegments(result);
 }
-function lsonToLiveNode(value) {
-  if (value instanceof LiveObject || value instanceof LiveMap || value instanceof LiveList || value instanceof LiveFile) {
-    return value;
-  } else {
-    return new LiveRegister(value);
+function extractDeletedSegments(segments, index, length) {
+  const split = splitSegmentsAt(
+    splitSegmentsAt(segments, index),
+    index + length
+  );
+  const deleted = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  for (const segment of split) {
+    const end = offset + segment.text.length;
+    if (offset >= index && end <= index + length) {
+      deleted.push({
+        text: segment.text,
+        attributes: segment.attributes
+      });
+    }
+    offset = end;
   }
+  return normalizeSegments(deleted);
 }
-function dumpPool(pool) {
-  const rows = Array.from(pool.nodes.values(), (node) => {
-    const parent = node.parent;
-    const parentId = parent.type === "HasParent" ? parent.node._id ?? "?" : parent.type === "Orphaned" ? "<orphaned>" : "-";
-    let value;
-    if (node instanceof LiveRegister) {
-      value = stringifyOrLog(node.data);
-    } else if (node instanceof LiveList) {
+function applyDelete(segments, index, length) {
+  const deletedSegments = extractDeletedSegments(segments, index, length);
+  const split = splitSegmentsAt(
+    splitSegmentsAt(segments, index),
+    index + length
+  );
+  const result = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  let deletedText = "";
+  for (const segment of split) {
+    const end = offset + segment.text.length;
+    if (offset >= index && end <= index + length) {
+      deletedText += segment.text;
+    } else {
+      result.push(segment);
+    }
+    offset = end;
+  }
+  return {
+    segments: normalizeSegments(result),
+    deletedText,
+    deletedSegments
+  };
+}
+function applyFormat(segments, index, length, attributes) {
+  const split = splitSegmentsAt(
+    splitSegmentsAt(segments, index),
+    index + length
+  );
+  const result = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  for (const segment of split) {
+    const end = offset + segment.text.length;
+    if (offset >= index && end <= index + length) {
+      const nextAttributes = {
+        ...segment.attributes ?? {}
+      };
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+        if (value === null) {
+          delete nextAttributes[key];
+        } else {
+          nextAttributes[key] = value;
+        }
+      }
+      result.push({
+        text: segment.text,
+        attributes: Object.keys(nextAttributes).length === 0 ? void 0 : freeze(nextAttributes)
+      });
+    } else {
+      result.push(segment);
+    }
+    offset = end;
+  }
+  return normalizeSegments(result);
+}
+function formatReverseOperations(segments, index, length, patch) {
+  const split = splitSegmentsAt(
+    splitSegmentsAt(segments, index),
+    index + length
+  );
+  const result = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  for (const segment of split) {
+    const end = offset + segment.text.length;
+    if (offset >= index && end <= index + length) {
+      const attributes = {};
+      const current = segment.attributes ?? {};
+      for (const key of Object.keys(patch)) {
+        const value = Object.hasOwn(current, key) ? current[key] : void 0;
+        attributes[key] = value ?? null;
+      }
+      result.push({
+        type: "format",
+        index: offset,
+        length: segment.text.length,
+        attributes
+      });
+    }
+    offset = end;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+function mapIndexThroughOperation(index, op) {
+  if (op.type === "insert") {
+    return op.index <= index ? index + op.text.length : index;
+  } else if (op.type === "delete") {
+    if (op.index >= index) {
+      return index;
+    }
+    return Math.max(op.index, index - op.length);
+  } else {
+    return index;
+  }
+}
+function mapTextIndexThroughOperations(index, ops) {
+  let mapped = index;
+  for (const op of ops) {
+    mapped = mapIndexThroughOperation(mapped, op);
+  }
+  return mapped;
+}
+function inverseMapIndexThroughOperation(index, op) {
+  if (op.type === "insert") {
+    if (index <= op.index) {
+      return index;
+    }
+    return Math.max(op.index, index - op.text.length);
+  } else if (op.type === "delete") {
+    return op.index <= index ? index + op.length : index;
+  } else {
+    return index;
+  }
+}
+function inverseMapTextIndexThroughOperations(index, ops) {
+  let mapped = index;
+  for (let i = ops.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    mapped = inverseMapIndexThroughOperation(mapped, ops[i]);
+  }
+  return mapped;
+}
+function oppositeOrder(order) {
+  return order === "before" ? "after" : "before";
+}
+function mapIndexOverDelete(index, deleteIndex, deleteLength) {
+  if (deleteIndex >= index) {
+    return index;
+  }
+  return Math.max(deleteIndex, index - deleteLength);
+}
+function transformInsert(op, over, order) {
+  if (over.type === "insert") {
+    const shifts = over.index < op.index || over.index === op.index && order === "after";
+    return [shifts ? { ...op, index: op.index + over.text.length } : { ...op }];
+  } else if (over.type === "delete") {
+    return [
+      { ...op, index: mapIndexOverDelete(op.index, over.index, over.length) }
+    ];
+  } else {
+    return [{ ...op }];
+  }
+}
+function transformDelete(op, over) {
+  const start = op.index;
+  const end = op.index + op.length;
+  if (over.type === "insert") {
+    const at = over.index;
+    const len = over.text.length;
+    if (at <= start) {
+      return [{ ...op, index: start + len }];
+    }
+    if (at >= end) {
+      return [{ ...op }];
+    }
+    return [
+      { type: "delete", index: start, length: at - start },
+      { type: "delete", index: start + len, length: end - at }
+    ];
+  } else if (over.type === "delete") {
+    const newStart = mapIndexOverDelete(start, over.index, over.length);
+    const newEnd = mapIndexOverDelete(end, over.index, over.length);
+    return newEnd - newStart > 0 ? [{ type: "delete", index: newStart, length: newEnd - newStart }] : [];
+  } else {
+    return [{ ...op }];
+  }
+}
+function transformFormat(op, over, order) {
+  const start = op.index;
+  const end = op.index + op.length;
+  if (over.type === "insert") {
+    const at = over.index;
+    const len = over.text.length;
+    if (at <= start) {
+      return [{ ...op, index: start + len }];
+    }
+    if (at >= end) {
+      return [{ ...op }];
+    }
+    return [
+      {
+        type: "format",
+        index: start,
+        length: at - start,
+        attributes: op.attributes
+      },
+      {
+        type: "format",
+        index: at + len,
+        length: end - at,
+        attributes: op.attributes
+      }
+    ];
+  } else if (over.type === "delete") {
+    const newStart = mapIndexOverDelete(start, over.index, over.length);
+    const newEnd = mapIndexOverDelete(end, over.index, over.length);
+    return newEnd - newStart > 0 ? [
+      {
+        type: "format",
+        index: newStart,
+        length: newEnd - newStart,
+        attributes: op.attributes
+      }
+    ] : [];
+  } else {
+    if (order === "after") {
+      return [{ ...op }];
+    }
+    const overlapStart = Math.max(start, over.index);
+    const overlapEnd = Math.min(end, over.index + over.length);
+    if (overlapStart >= overlapEnd) {
+      return [{ ...op }];
+    }
+    const hasConflict = Object.keys(op.attributes).some(
+      (key) => Object.hasOwn(over.attributes, key)
+    );
+    if (!hasConflict) {
+      return [{ ...op }];
+    }
+    const reduced = {};
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(op.attributes)) {
+      if (!Object.hasOwn(over.attributes, key)) {
+        reduced[key] = value;
+      }
+    }
+    const pieces = [];
+    if (start < overlapStart) {
+      pieces.push({
+        type: "format",
+        index: start,
+        length: overlapStart - start,
+        attributes: op.attributes
+      });
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(reduced).length > 0) {
+      pieces.push({
+        type: "format",
+        index: overlapStart,
+        length: overlapEnd - overlapStart,
+        attributes: reduced
+      });
+    }
+    if (overlapEnd < end) {
+      pieces.push({
+        type: "format",
+        index: overlapEnd,
+        length: end - overlapEnd,
+        attributes: op.attributes
+      });
+    }
+    return pieces;
+  }
+}
+function transformSingle(op, over, order) {
+  switch (op.type) {
+    case "insert":
+      return transformInsert(op, over, order);
+    case "delete":
+      return transformDelete(op, over);
+    case "format":
+      return transformFormat(op, over, order);
+  }
+}
+function transformTextOperationsX(a, b, order) {
+  if (a.length === 0 || b.length === 0) {
+    return [[...a], [...b]];
+  }
+  if (a.length === 1 && b.length === 1) {
+    return [
+      transformSingle(a[0], b[0], order),
+      transformSingle(b[0], a[0], oppositeOrder(order))
+    ];
+  }
+  if (a.length > 1) {
+    const [headA1, b1] = transformTextOperationsX([a[0]], b, order);
+    const [restA1, b2] = transformTextOperationsX(a.slice(1), b1, order);
+    return [[...headA1, ...restA1], b2];
+  }
+  const [a1, headB1] = transformTextOperationsX(a, [b[0]], order);
+  const [a2, restB1] = transformTextOperationsX(a1, b.slice(1), order);
+  return [a2, [...headB1, ...restB1]];
+}
+function transformTextOperations(ops, over, order) {
+  return transformTextOperationsX(ops, over, order)[0];
+}
+function textOperationsEqual(a, b) {
+  return a === b || stableStringify(a) === stableStringify(b);
+}
+function applyTextOperationsToSegments(segments, ops) {
+  let next = [...segments];
+  for (const op of ops) {
+    if (op.type === "insert") {
+      const index = Math.max(0, Math.min(op.index, textLength(next)));
+      next = applyInsert(next, index, op.text, op.attributes);
+    } else if (op.type === "delete") {
+      const index = Math.max(0, Math.min(op.index, textLength(next)));
+      const clipped = clipRange(index, op.length, textLength(next));
+      next = applyDelete(next, clipped.index, clipped.length).segments;
+    } else {
+      const index = Math.max(0, Math.min(op.index, textLength(next)));
+      const clipped = clipRange(index, op.length, textLength(next));
+      next = applyFormat(next, clipped.index, clipped.length, op.attributes);
+    }
+  }
+  return next;
+}
+function applyLiveTextOperations(data, ops) {
+  return segmentsToData(
+    applyTextOperationsToSegments(dataToSegments(data), ops)
+  );
+}
+function normalizeLiveTextOperations(data, operations) {
+  let shadow = dataToSegments(data);
+  const normalized = [];
+  for (const operation of operations) {
+    const text = shadow.map((segment) => segment.text).join("");
+    let normalizedOperation;
+    if (operation.type === "insert") {
+      normalizedOperation = {
+        ...operation,
+        index: clipIndexToCodePointBoundary(text, operation.index)
+      };
+    } else {
+      const range = clipRangeToCodePointBoundaries(
+        text,
+        operation.index,
+        operation.length
+      );
+      normalizedOperation = {
+        ...operation,
+        index: range.index,
+        length: range.length
+      };
+    }
+    normalized.push(normalizedOperation);
+    shadow = applyTextOperationsToSegments(shadow, [normalizedOperation]);
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+function invertTextOperations(segments, ops) {
+  let shadow = [...segments];
+  const reverse = [];
+  for (const op of ops) {
+    if (op.type === "insert") {
+      shadow = applyInsert(shadow, op.index, op.text, op.attributes);
+      reverse.unshift({
+        type: "delete",
+        index: op.index,
+        length: op.text.length
+      });
+    } else if (op.type === "delete") {
+      const deletedSegments = extractDeletedSegments(
+        shadow,
+        op.index,
+        op.length
+      );
+      shadow = applyDelete(shadow, op.index, op.length).segments;
+      const inserts = [];
+      let insertIndex = op.index;
+      for (const segment of deletedSegments) {
+        inserts.push({
+          type: "insert",
+          index: insertIndex,
+          text: segment.text,
+          attributes: segment.attributes
+        });
+        insertIndex += segment.text.length;
+      }
+      for (let index = inserts.length - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
+        reverse.unshift(inserts[index]);
+      }
+    } else {
+      const inverse = formatReverseOperations(
+        shadow,
+        op.index,
+        op.length,
+        op.attributes
+      );
+      shadow = applyFormat(shadow, op.index, op.length, op.attributes);
+      reverse.unshift(...inverse.reverse());
+    }
+  }
+  return reverse;
+}
+
+// src/crdts/LiveText.ts
+var ACCEPTED_OPS_HISTORY_LIMIT = 1e3;
+var LiveText = class _LiveText extends AbstractCrdt {
+  /** The local document: #confirmed ⊕ #inFlightOps ⊕ #queuedOps. */
+  #segments;
+  /** The server-confirmed document (only authoritative ops applied). */
+  #confirmed;
+  #version;
+  /** The op currently awaiting server acknowledgement (at most one). */
+  #inFlightOpId;
+  /** Its ops, continuously re-expressed against current server state. */
+  #inFlightOps = [];
+  /** Local edits made while an op is in flight; sent after the ack. */
+  #queuedOps = [];
+  #acceptedOps = [];
+  /**
+   * Creates a new LiveText document.
+   *
+   * @param textOrData Initial plain text, or an array of `[text]` /
+   *   `[text, attributes]` segments. Defaults to an empty document.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * new LiveText();
+   * new LiveText("Hello world");
+   * new LiveText([["Hello ", { bold: true }], ["world"]]);
+   */
+  constructor(textOrData = "", version = 0) {
+    super();
+    this.#segments = typeof textOrData === "string" ? textOrData.length === 0 ? [] : [{ text: textOrData }] : dataToSegments(textOrData);
+    this.#confirmed = [...this.#segments];
+    this.#version = version;
+    Object.assign(this[kInternal], {
+      encodeIndex: (localIndex) => this.#encodeIndex(localIndex),
+      decodeIndex: (index, fromVersion) => this.#decodeIndex(index, fromVersion)
+    });
+  }
+  get version() {
+    return this.#version;
+  }
+  get length() {
+    return textLength(this.#segments);
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  static _deserialize([id, item], _parentToChildren, pool) {
+    const text = new _LiveText(item.data, item.version);
+    text._attach(id, pool);
+    return text;
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  _toOps(parentId, parentKey) {
+    if (this._id === void 0) {
+      throw new Error("Cannot serialize LiveText if it is not attached");
+    }
+    return [
+      {
+        type: OpCode.CREATE_TEXT,
+        id: this._id,
+        parentId,
+        parentKey,
+        data: this.toJSON(),
+        version: this.#version
+      }
+    ];
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  _serialize() {
+    if (this.parent.type !== "HasParent") {
+      throw new Error("Cannot serialize LiveText if parent is missing");
+    }
+    return {
+      type: CrdtType.TEXT,
+      parentId: nn(this.parent.node._id, "Parent node expected to have ID"),
+      parentKey: this.parent.key,
+      data: this.toJSON(),
+      version: this.#version
+    };
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  _attachChild(_op) {
+    throw new Error("LiveText cannot contain child nodes");
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  _detachChild(_crdt) {
+    throw new Error("LiveText cannot contain child nodes");
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  _apply(op, source) {
+    if (op.type !== OpCode.UPDATE_TEXT) {
+      return super._apply(op, source);
+    }
+    if (source.origin === "local" && source.optimistic) {
+      return this.#applyLocal(op, toUpdateSource(source));
+    }
+    if (op.opId !== void 0 && op.opId === this.#inFlightOpId) {
+      return this.#applyAck(op, toUpdateSource(source));
+    }
+    if (op.opId !== void 0 && this.#acceptedOps.some((entry) => entry.opId === op.opId)) {
+      this.#version = Math.max(this.#version, op.version ?? op.baseVersion + 1);
+      return { modified: false };
+    }
+    return this.#applyRemote(op, toUpdateSource(source));
+  }
+  /**
+   * Inserts text at the given index.
+   *
+   * @param index Character index at which to insert. Values outside the
+   *   document range are clipped.
+   * @param text Text to insert.
+   * @param attributes Optional inline attributes for the inserted text.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const text = new LiveText("Hello");
+   * text.insert(5, " world");
+   * text.insert(0, "Say: ", { italic: true });
+   */
+  insert(index, text, attributes) {
+    const clippedIndex = clipIndexToCodePointBoundary(this.toString(), index);
+    this.#dispatch([{ type: "insert", index: clippedIndex, text, attributes }]);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Deletes `length` characters starting at `index`.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const text = new LiveText("Hello world");
+   * text.delete(5, 6); // "Hello"
+   */
+  delete(index, length) {
+    const clipped = clipRangeToCodePointBoundaries(
+      this.toString(),
+      index,
+      length
+    );
+    if (clipped.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#dispatch([
+      { type: "delete", index: clipped.index, length: clipped.length }
+    ]);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Replaces a range of text with new text.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const text = new LiveText("Hello world");
+   * text.replace(0, 5, "Hi"); // "Hi world"
+   */
+  replace(index, length, text, attributes) {
+    const clipped = clipRangeToCodePointBoundaries(
+      this.toString(),
+      index,
+      length
+    );
+    const ops = [];
+    if (clipped.length > 0) {
+      ops.push({
+        type: "delete",
+        index: clipped.index,
+        length: clipped.length
+      });
+    }
+    if (text.length > 0) {
+      ops.push({ type: "insert", index: clipped.index, text, attributes });
+    }
+    this.#dispatch(ops);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Encode a local-document index (an offset into this LiveText's current
+   * #segments, which CodeMirror or any consumer mirrors as its document)
+   * into server-confirmed coordinates suitable for broadcasting to peers via
+   * presence or any other side channel.
+   *
+   * The returned index is in this LiveText's current #confirmed coordinates
+   * — that is, with this client's local pending ops inverse-mapped out.
+   * Pair it with the current {@link LiveText.version} when sending so the
+   * receiver can call {@link PrivateLiveTextApi.decodeIndex} to land the
+   * position in their own local document coordinates regardless of their
+   * private pending ops.
+   *
+   * Index ambiguity at boundaries is resolved by an inverse-of-forward
+   * convention: a position at or before a local insertion is reported as
+   * the position right before the insertion in #confirmed; a position past
+   * the insertion shifts left by the insertion's length. Positions inside
+   * an own-pending insertion collapse to the insertion point.
+   */
+  #encodeIndex(localIndex) {
+    let mapped = Math.max(0, Math.min(localIndex, this.length));
+    mapped = inverseMapTextIndexThroughOperations(mapped, this.#queuedOps);
+    mapped = inverseMapTextIndexThroughOperations(mapped, this.#inFlightOps);
+    return mapped;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Decode an `(index, fromVersion)` pair produced by
+   * {@link PrivateLiveTextApi.encodeIndex} — typically on a peer — into an
+   * offset in this LiveText's current local document (an index suitable for
+   * placing a CodeMirror marker, an annotation anchor, or anything else that
+   * lives over #segments).
+   *
+   * Composes the accepted ops applied since `fromVersion` (drawn from
+   * #acceptedOps in locally-applied form) with this client's own local
+   * pending ops, in that order. The result is in current #segments
+   * coordinates.
+   *
+   * Returns `null` when the position cannot be decoded against the current
+   * state:
+   *  - `fromVersion` is greater than this LiveText's current version: the
+   *    peer is ahead of us. The caller should park the message and retry
+   *    after more accepted ops arrive.
+   *  - `fromVersion` falls outside the retained accepted-ops history. This
+   *    only happens after very long-lived disconnections; the caller can
+   *    fall back to using the raw index and letting subsequent local
+   *    transactions map it (with bounded drift).
+   */
+  #decodeIndex(index, fromVersion) {
+    if (fromVersion > this.#version) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (fromVersion < this.#version) {
+      const oldest = this.#acceptedOps[0]?.version;
+      if (oldest === void 0 || oldest > fromVersion + 1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+    let mapped = index;
+    for (const entry of this.#acceptedOps) {
+      if (entry.version <= fromVersion) continue;
+      if (entry.version > this.#version) break;
+      if (entry.ops.length === 0) continue;
+      mapped = mapTextIndexThroughOperations(mapped, entry.ops);
+    }
+    mapped = mapTextIndexThroughOperations(mapped, this.#inFlightOps);
+    mapped = mapTextIndexThroughOperations(mapped, this.#queuedOps);
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(mapped, this.length));
+  }
+  /**
+   * Applies or removes inline attributes on a range of text.
+   *
+   * Set an attribute to `null` to remove it from the range.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const text = new LiveText("Hello world");
+   * text.format(0, 5, { bold: true });
+   * text.format(0, 5, { bold: null });
+   */
+  format(index, length, attributes) {
+    const clipped = clipRangeToCodePointBoundaries(
+      this.toString(),
+      index,
+      length
+    );
+    if (clipped.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#dispatch([
+      {
+        type: "format",
+        index: clipped.index,
+        length: clipped.length,
+        attributes
+      }
+    ]);
+  }
+  /** Local edits made through the public API. */
+  #dispatch(ops) {
+    if (ops.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this._warnIfOrphaned();
+    this._pool?.assertStorageIsWritable();
+    const attached = this._pool !== void 0 && this._id !== void 0;
+    const reverse = attached ? this.#invertOperations(ops) : [];
+    const changes = this.#applyOperationsLocally(ops);
+    if (!attached) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const pool = nn(this._pool);
+    const id = nn(this._id);
+    const updates = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map([
+      [
+        id,
+        {
+          type: "LiveText",
+          node: this,
+          version: this.#version,
+          updates: changes,
+          source: LOCAL_EDIT
+        }
+      ]
+    ]);
+    if (this.#inFlightOpId === void 0) {
+      const opId = pool.generateOpId();
+      this.#inFlightOpId = opId;
+      this.#inFlightOps = [...ops];
+      pool.dispatch(
+        [
+          {
+            type: OpCode.UPDATE_TEXT,
+            id,
+            opId,
+            baseVersion: this.#version,
+            ops: [...ops]
+          }
+        ],
+        reverse,
+        updates
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.#queuedOps.push(...ops);
+      pool.dispatch([], reverse, updates, { clearRedoStack: true });
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * A local replay of an existing wire op: an undo/redo frame, or an
+   * unacknowledged op re-sent after a reconnect.
+   */
+  #applyLocal(op, source) {
+    const mutableOp = op;
+    if (op.opId !== void 0 && op.opId === this.#inFlightOpId) {
+      this.#inFlightOps = [...this.#inFlightOps, ...this.#queuedOps];
+      this.#queuedOps = [];
+      mutableOp.baseVersion = this.#version;
+      mutableOp.ops = [...this.#inFlightOps];
+      return { modified: false };
+    }
+    let ops = op.ops;
+    for (const entry of this.#acceptedOps) {
+      if (entry.version > op.baseVersion && entry.ops.length > 0) {
+        ops = transformTextOperations(ops, entry.ops, "after");
+      }
+    }
+    const reverse = this.#invertOperations(ops);
+    const changes = this.#applyOperationsLocally(ops);
+    if (this.#inFlightOpId === void 0 && ops.length > 0) {
+      this.#inFlightOpId = nn(op.opId, "Local ops must have an opId");
+      this.#inFlightOps = [...ops];
+      mutableOp.baseVersion = this.#version;
+      mutableOp.ops = [...ops];
+    } else {
+      this.#queuedOps.push(...ops);
+      mutableOp.baseVersion = this.#version;
+      mutableOp.ops = [];
+    }
+    if (changes.length === 0) {
+      return { modified: false };
+    }
+    return {
+      reverse,
+      modified: {
+        type: "LiveText",
+        node: this,
+        version: this.#version,
+        updates: changes,
+        source
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  /** Server acknowledgement of our in-flight op. */
+  #applyAck(op, source) {
+    const ackedVersion = op.version ?? Math.max(this.#version, op.baseVersion + 1);
+    const predicted = this.#inFlightOps;
+    const opId = this.#inFlightOpId;
+    this.#confirmed = applyTextOperationsToSegments(this.#confirmed, op.ops);
+    this.#inFlightOpId = void 0;
+    this.#inFlightOps = [];
+    let appliedOps = [];
+    let result = { modified: false };
+    if (!textOperationsEqual(op.ops, predicted)) {
+      error2(
+        "LiveText: acknowledgement did not match the local prediction; resynchronizing"
+      );
+      const rebuilt = this.#rebuildLocalFromConfirmed();
+      appliedOps = rebuilt.appliedOps;
+      if (rebuilt.changes.length > 0) {
+        result = {
+          reverse: [],
+          modified: {
+            type: "LiveText",
+            node: this,
+            version: ackedVersion,
+            updates: rebuilt.changes,
+            source
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    this.#version = Math.max(this.#version, ackedVersion);
+    this.#recordAccepted(ackedVersion, appliedOps, opId);
+    this.#flushQueued();
+    return result;
+  }
+  /** An accepted op from another client (or a server-fabricated fix op). */
+  #applyRemote(op, source) {
+    const version = op.version ?? this.#version + 1;
+    this.#confirmed = applyTextOperationsToSegments(this.#confirmed, op.ops);
+    const [overInFlight, inFlight] = transformTextOperationsX(
+      op.ops,
+      this.#inFlightOps,
+      "before"
+    );
+    const [applied, queued] = transformTextOperationsX(
+      overInFlight,
+      this.#queuedOps,
+      "before"
+    );
+    this.#inFlightOps = inFlight;
+    this.#queuedOps = queued;
+    this.#recordAccepted(version, applied, op.opId);
+    if (applied.length === 0) {
+      this.#version = Math.max(this.#version, version);
+      return { modified: false };
+    }
+    const reverse = this.#invertOperations(applied);
+    const changes = this.#applyOperationsLocally(applied);
+    this.#version = Math.max(this.#version, version);
+    return {
+      reverse,
+      modified: {
+        type: "LiveText",
+        node: this,
+        version: this.#version,
+        updates: changes,
+        source
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  /** Send the queued ops as the next in-flight op (after an ack). */
+  #flushQueued() {
+    if (this.#queuedOps.length === 0 || this._pool === void 0 || this._id === void 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const opId = this._pool.generateOpId();
+    this.#inFlightOpId = opId;
+    this.#inFlightOps = this.#queuedOps;
+    this.#queuedOps = [];
+    this._pool.dispatch(
+      [
+        {
+          type: OpCode.UPDATE_TEXT,
+          id: this._id,
+          opId,
+          baseVersion: this.#version,
+          ops: [...this.#inFlightOps]
+        }
+      ],
+      [],
+      /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+      // The local content was already applied (and made undoable) when the
+      // edits happened; this is purely an outbound flush.
+      { clearRedoStack: false }
+    );
+  }
+  /**
+   * Rebuild the local document as confirmed ⊕ queued ops, returning the
+   * coarse delta that was applied. Only used by defensive recovery paths.
+   */
+  #rebuildLocalFromConfirmed() {
+    const before2 = this.#segments;
+    const after2 = applyTextOperationsToSegments(this.#confirmed, [
+      ...this.#inFlightOps,
+      ...this.#queuedOps
+    ]);
+    if (stableStringify(segmentsToData(before2)) === stableStringify(segmentsToData(after2))) {
+      this.#segments = after2;
+      return { appliedOps: [], changes: [] };
+    }
+    const beforeText = before2.map((segment) => segment.text).join("");
+    this.#segments = after2;
+    this.invalidate();
+    const appliedOps = [];
+    const changes = [];
+    if (beforeText.length > 0) {
+      appliedOps.push({ type: "delete", index: 0, length: beforeText.length });
+      changes.push({
+        type: "delete",
+        index: 0,
+        length: beforeText.length,
+        deletedText: beforeText
+      });
+    }
+    let index = 0;
+    for (const segment of after2) {
+      appliedOps.push({
+        type: "insert",
+        index,
+        text: segment.text,
+        attributes: segment.attributes
+      });
+      changes.push({
+        type: "insert",
+        index,
+        text: segment.text,
+        attributes: segment.attributes
+      });
+      index += segment.text.length;
+    }
+    return { appliedOps, changes };
+  }
+  /**
+   * Reconcile this node against an authoritative storage snapshot (e.g.
+   * after a reconnect). The confirmed state and version are replaced by the
+   * snapshot's; pending (in-flight + queued) ops are preserved on top and
+   * will be re-sent by the offline-ops replay.
+   *
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _resyncText(data, version, source) {
+    this.#confirmed = dataToSegments(data);
+    this.#version = version;
+    this.#acceptedOps = [];
+    const rebuilt = this.#rebuildLocalFromConfirmed();
+    if (rebuilt.changes.length === 0) {
+      return void 0;
+    }
+    return {
+      type: "LiveText",
+      node: this,
+      version: this.#version,
+      updates: rebuilt.changes,
+      source
+    };
+  }
+  /**
+   * Called when the server rejected one of our ops. Drops all pending state
+   * for this node (edits queued behind a rejected op cannot be trusted
+   * either); the room follows up with a storage resync.
+   *
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _rejectPendingOp(opId) {
+    if (opId !== this.#inFlightOpId) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#inFlightOpId = void 0;
+    this.#inFlightOps = [];
+    this.#queuedOps = [];
+  }
+  #recordAccepted(version, ops, opId) {
+    if (this.#acceptedOps.some((entry) => entry.version === version)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#acceptedOps.push({ version, opId, ops: [...ops] });
+    this.#acceptedOps.sort((left, right) => left.version - right.version);
+    if (this.#acceptedOps.length > ACCEPTED_OPS_HISTORY_LIMIT) {
+      this.#acceptedOps.splice(
+        0,
+        this.#acceptedOps.length - ACCEPTED_OPS_HISTORY_LIMIT
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  #applyOperationsLocally(ops) {
+    const changes = [];
+    for (const op of ops) {
+      if (op.type === "insert") {
+        this.#segments = applyInsert(
+          this.#segments,
+          op.index,
+          op.text,
+          op.attributes
+        );
+        changes.push({
+          type: "insert",
+          index: op.index,
+          text: op.text,
+          attributes: op.attributes
+        });
+      } else if (op.type === "delete") {
+        const result = applyDelete(this.#segments, op.index, op.length);
+        this.#segments = result.segments;
+        changes.push({
+          type: "delete",
+          index: op.index,
+          length: op.length,
+          deletedText: result.deletedText
+        });
+      } else {
+        this.#segments = applyFormat(
+          this.#segments,
+          op.index,
+          op.length,
+          op.attributes
+        );
+        changes.push({
+          type: "format",
+          index: op.index,
+          length: op.length,
+          attributes: op.attributes
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    this.invalidate();
+    return changes;
+  }
+  #invertOperations(ops) {
+    return [
+      {
+        type: OpCode.UPDATE_TEXT,
+        id: nn(this._id),
+        baseVersion: this.#version,
+        ops: invertTextOperations(this.#segments, ops)
+      }
+    ];
+  }
+  /** Returns the plain text content without attributes. Equivalent to joining the text from each segment in {@link LiveText.toJSON}. */
+  toString() {
+    return this.#segments.map((segment) => segment.text).join("");
+  }
+  /**
+   * Returns a JSON-compatible snapshot of the document as a {@link LiveTextData}
+   * array.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * new LiveText([["Hello ", { bold: true }], ["world"]]).toJSON();
+   * // [["Hello ", { bold: true }], ["world"]]
+   */
+  toJSON() {
+    return super.toJSON();
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  _toJSON() {
+    return segmentsToData(this.#segments);
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  toTreeNode(key) {
+    return super.toTreeNode(key);
+  }
+  /** @internal */
+  _toTreeNode(key) {
+    const nodeId = this._id ?? nanoid();
+    const payload = this.toJSON().map(
+      (segment, index) => ({
+        type: "Json",
+        id: `${nodeId}:${index}`,
+        key: String(index),
+        payload: segment
+      })
+    );
+    payload.push({
+      type: "Json",
+      id: `${nodeId}:version`,
+      key: "version",
+      payload: this.version
+    });
+    return {
+      type: "LiveText",
+      id: nodeId,
+      key,
+      payload
+    };
+  }
+  clone() {
+    return new _LiveText(this.toJSON(), this.#version);
+  }
+};
+
+// src/crdts/liveblocks-helpers.ts
+function creationOpToLiveNode(op) {
+  return lsonToLiveNode(creationOpToLson(op));
+}
+function creationOpToLson(op) {
+  switch (op.type) {
+    case OpCode.CREATE_FILE:
+      return new LiveFile(op.data);
+    case OpCode.CREATE_REGISTER:
+      return op.data;
+    case OpCode.CREATE_OBJECT:
+      return new LiveObject(op.data);
+    case OpCode.CREATE_MAP:
+      return new LiveMap();
+    case OpCode.CREATE_LIST:
+      return new LiveList([]);
+    case OpCode.CREATE_TEXT:
+      return new LiveText(op.data, op.version);
+    default:
+      return assertNever(op, "Unknown creation Op");
+  }
+}
+function isSameNodeOrChildOf(node, parent) {
+  if (node === parent) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (node.parent.type === "HasParent") {
+    return isSameNodeOrChildOf(node.parent.node, parent);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+function liveObjectFromNodeStream(nodes) {
+  const pool = createManagedPool({
+    getCurrentConnectionId: () => {
+      throw new Error(
+        "Cannot mutate a historic storage version: it is a read-only snapshot"
+      );
+    }
+  });
+  return LiveObject._fromItems(nodes, pool);
+}
+function deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool) {
+  if (isObjectStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveObject._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isListStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveList._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isMapStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveMap._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isRegisterStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveRegister._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isTextStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveText._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isFileStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveFile._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("Unexpected CRDT type");
+  }
+}
+function deserializeToLson(node, parentToChildren, pool) {
+  if (isObjectStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveObject._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isListStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveList._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isMapStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveMap._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isRegisterStorageNode(node)) {
+    return node[1].data;
+  } else if (isTextStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveText._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else if (isFileStorageNode(node)) {
+    return LiveFile._deserialize(node, parentToChildren, pool);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("Unexpected CRDT type");
+  }
+}
+function isLiveStructure(value) {
+  return isLiveList(value) || isLiveMap(value) || isLiveObject(value) || isLiveText(value) || isLiveFile(value);
+}
+function isLiveNode(value) {
+  return isLiveStructure(value) || isLiveRegister(value);
+}
+function isLiveList(value) {
+  return value instanceof LiveList;
+}
+function isLiveMap(value) {
+  return value instanceof LiveMap;
+}
+function isLiveObject(value) {
+  return value instanceof LiveObject;
+}
+function isLiveText(value) {
+  return value instanceof LiveText;
+}
+function isLiveFile(value) {
+  return value instanceof LiveFile;
+}
+function isLiveRegister(value) {
+  return value instanceof LiveRegister;
+}
+function cloneLson(value) {
+  return value === void 0 ? void 0 : isLiveStructure(value) ? value.clone() : deepClone(value);
+}
+function liveNodeToLson(obj) {
+  if (obj instanceof LiveRegister) {
+    return obj.data;
+  } else if (obj instanceof LiveList || obj instanceof LiveMap || obj instanceof LiveObject || obj instanceof LiveText || obj instanceof LiveFile) {
+    return obj;
+  } else {
+    return assertNever(obj, "Unknown AbstractCrdt");
+  }
+}
+function lsonToLiveNode(value) {
+  if (value instanceof LiveObject || value instanceof LiveMap || value instanceof LiveList || value instanceof LiveText || value instanceof LiveFile) {
+    return value;
+  } else {
+    return new LiveRegister(value);
+  }
+}
+function dumpPool(pool) {
+  const rows = Array.from(pool.nodes.values(), (node) => {
+    const parent = node.parent;
+    const parentId = parent.type === "HasParent" ? parent.node._id ?? "?" : parent.type === "Orphaned" ? "<orphaned>" : "-";
+    let value;
+    if (node instanceof LiveRegister) {
+      value = stringifyOrLog(node.data);
+    } else if (node instanceof LiveList) {
       value = "<LiveList>";
     } else if (node instanceof LiveMap) {
       value = "<LiveMap>";
@@ -9344,7 +10662,26 @@ function isJsonEq(a, b) {
   }
   return true;
 }
-function diffNodeMap(prev, next) {
+function liveTextDataToReplaceOps(before2, after2) {
+  const ops = [];
+  const beforeLength = before2.reduce(
+    (length, [text]) => length + text.length,
+    0
+  );
+  if (beforeLength > 0) {
+    ops.push({ type: "delete", index: 0, length: beforeLength });
+  }
+  let index = 0;
+  for (const [text, attributes] of after2) {
+    if (text.length === 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    ops.push({ type: "insert", index, text, attributes });
+    index += text.length;
+  }
+  return ops;
+}
+function diffNodeMap(prev, next, options) {
   const ops = [];
   const idsToRecreate = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
   next.forEach((nextCrdt, id) => {
@@ -9436,6 +10773,16 @@ function diffNodeMap(prev, next) {
           parentKey: crdt.parentKey
         });
         break;
+      case CrdtType.TEXT:
+        ops.push({
+          type: OpCode.CREATE_TEXT,
+          id,
+          parentId: crdt.parentId,
+          parentKey: crdt.parentKey,
+          data: crdt.data,
+          version: crdt.version
+        });
+        break;
     }
   }
   next.forEach((crdt, id) => {
@@ -9462,6 +10809,17 @@ function diffNodeMap(prev, next) {
           }
         }
       }
+      if (options?.includeLiveTextUpdates === true && crdt.type === CrdtType.TEXT && currentCrdt.type === CrdtType.TEXT && !isJsonEq(crdt.data, currentCrdt.data)) {
+        ops.push({
+          type: OpCode.UPDATE_TEXT,
+          id,
+          // A restore is a new edit in the current timeline. The version from
+          // the historic snapshot describes its old timeline and must not move
+          // this node's current version backwards.
+          baseVersion: currentCrdt.version,
+          ops: liveTextDataToReplaceOps(currentCrdt.data, crdt.data)
+        });
+      }
       if (crdt.parentKey !== currentCrdt.parentKey) {
         ops.push({
           type: OpCode.SET_PARENT_KEY,
@@ -9502,19 +10860,36 @@ function mergeListStorageUpdates(first, second) {
     updates: updates.concat(second.updates)
   };
 }
+function mergeTextStorageUpdates(first, second) {
+  return {
+    ...second,
+    updates: first.updates.concat(second.updates)
+  };
+}
+function mergeUpdateSources(first, second) {
+  if (first.origin === "remote" || second.origin === "remote") {
+    return REMOTE;
+  }
+  if (second.via !== "edit") return second;
+  if (first.via !== "edit") return first;
+  return LOCAL_EDIT;
+}
 function mergeStorageUpdates(first, second) {
   if (first === void 0) {
     return second;
   }
+  const source = mergeUpdateSources(first.source, second.source);
   if (first.type === "LiveObject" && second.type === "LiveObject") {
-    return mergeObjectStorageUpdates(first, second);
+    return { ...mergeObjectStorageUpdates(first, second), source };
   } else if (first.type === "LiveMap" && second.type === "LiveMap") {
-    return mergeMapStorageUpdates(first, second);
+    return { ...mergeMapStorageUpdates(first, second), source };
   } else if (first.type === "LiveList" && second.type === "LiveList") {
-    return mergeListStorageUpdates(first, second);
+    return { ...mergeListStorageUpdates(first, second), source };
+  } else if (first.type === "LiveText" && second.type === "LiveText") {
+    return { ...mergeTextStorageUpdates(first, second), source };
   } else {
+    return { ...second, source };
   }
-  return second;
 }
 
 // src/devtools/bridge.ts
@@ -10471,6 +11846,8 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     activeBatch: null,
     unacknowledgedOps
   };
+  let nextHistoryItemId = 0;
+  let historyDisabled = 0;
   const nodeMapBuffer = makeNodeMapBuffer();
   const stopwatch = config.enableDebugLogging ? makeStopWatch() : void 0;
   let lastTokenKey;
@@ -10555,7 +11932,7 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
       }
     }
   });
-  function onDispatch(ops, reverse, storageUpdates) {
+  function onDispatch(ops, reverse, storageUpdates, options2) {
     if (context.activeBatch) {
       for (const op of ops) {
         context.activeBatch.ops.push(op);
@@ -10570,12 +11947,17 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
         );
       }
       context.activeBatch.reverseOps.pushLeft(reverse);
+      if (options2?.clearRedoStack) {
+        context.activeBatch.clearRedoStack = true;
+      }
     } else {
       if (reverse.length > 0) {
         addToUndoStack(reverse);
       }
+      if (options2?.clearRedoStack ?? ops.length > 0) {
+        clearRedoStack();
+      }
       if (ops.length > 0) {
-        context.redoStack.length = 0;
         dispatchOps(ops);
       }
       notify({ storageUpdates });
@@ -10595,6 +11977,7 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     others: makeEventSource(),
     storageBatch: makeEventSource(),
     history: makeEventSource(),
+    privateHistory: makeEventSource(),
     storageDidLoad: makeEventSource(),
     storageStatus: makeEventSource(),
     ydoc: makeEventSource(),
@@ -10682,12 +12065,12 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     self,
     (me) => me !== null ? userToTreeNode("Me", me) : null
   );
-  function diffCurrentStorageAgainst(target) {
+  function diffCurrentStorageAgainst(target, options2) {
     const current = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     for (const [id, crdt] of context.pool.nodes) {
       current.set(id, crdt._serialize());
     }
-    return diffNodeMap(current, target);
+    return diffNodeMap(current, target, options2);
   }
   function createOrUpdateRootFromMessage(nodes) {
     if (nodes.size === 0) {
@@ -10695,6 +12078,23 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     }
     if (context.root !== void 0) {
       const result = applyRemoteOps(diffCurrentStorageAgainst(nodes));
+      for (const [id, crdt] of nodes) {
+        if (crdt.type === CrdtType.TEXT) {
+          const node = context.pool.nodes.get(id);
+          if (node !== void 0 && isLiveText(node)) {
+            const update = node._resyncText(crdt.data, crdt.version, REMOTE);
+            if (update !== void 0) {
+              result.updates.storageUpdates.set(
+                id,
+                mergeStorageUpdates(
+                  result.updates.storageUpdates.get(id),
+                  update
+                )
+              );
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       notify(result.updates);
     } else {
       context.root = LiveObject._fromItems(
@@ -10719,12 +12119,23 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
       }
     });
   }
+  function notifyPrivateHistory(event) {
+    if (historyDisabled > 0) return;
+    eventHub.privateHistory.notify(event);
+  }
+  function clearRedoStack() {
+    if (context.redoStack.length === 0) return;
+    const ids = context.redoStack.map((item) => item.id);
+    context.redoStack.length = 0;
+    notifyPrivateHistory({ action: "discard", ids });
+  }
   function reconcileStorageWithNodes(nodes) {
     if (context.root === void 0) {
       throw new Error("Cannot reconcile storage before it is loaded");
     }
     const ops = diffCurrentStorageAgainst(
-      new Map(nodes)
+      new Map(nodes),
+      { includeLiveTextUpdates: true }
     );
     if (ops.length === 0) {
       return;
@@ -10743,9 +12154,14 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
   }
   function _addToRealUndoStack(frames) {
     if (context.undoStack.length >= 50) {
-      context.undoStack.shift();
+      const evicted = context.undoStack.shift();
+      if (evicted !== void 0) {
+        notifyPrivateHistory({ action: "discard", ids: [evicted.id] });
+      }
     }
-    context.undoStack.push(frames);
+    const id = nextHistoryItemId++;
+    context.undoStack.push({ id, frames });
+    notifyPrivateHistory({ action: "push", id });
     onHistoryChange();
   }
   function addToUndoStack(frames) {
@@ -10769,7 +12185,10 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
       eventHub.myPresence.notify(context.myPresence.get());
     }
     if (storageUpdates !== void 0 && storageUpdates.size > 0) {
-      const updates2 = Array.from(storageUpdates.values());
+      const updates2 = Array.from(storageUpdates.values(), (update) => ({
+        ...update,
+        source: toUpdateSource(update.source)
+      }));
       eventHub.storageBatch.notify(updates2);
     }
     notifyStorageStatus();
@@ -10783,19 +12202,69 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
       "Internal. Tried to get connection id but connection was never open"
     );
   }
-  function applyLocalOps(frames) {
+  const viaByOpId = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  function viaOfAckedOp(opId) {
+    const via = viaByOpId.get(opId);
+    if (via === void 0) {
+      return "edit";
+    }
+    viaByOpId.delete(opId);
+    return via;
+  }
+  function applyLocalOps(frames, localSource = LOCAL_EDIT) {
     const [pframes, ops] = partition(
       frames,
       (f) => f.type === "presence"
     );
-    const opsWithOpIds = ops.map(
+    const restoredTextIds = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    for (const op of ops) {
+      if (op.type === OpCode.CREATE_TEXT && op.opId === void 0 && context.pool.nodes.get(op.id) === void 0 && !restoredTextIds.has(op.id)) {
+        restoredTextIds.set(op.id, context.pool.generateId());
+      }
+    }
+    const remappedOps = restoredTextIds.size === 0 ? ops : ops.map((op) => {
+      if (op.opId !== void 0) {
+        return op;
+      }
+      const id = restoredTextIds.get(op.id);
+      if (isCreateOp(op)) {
+        const parentId = restoredTextIds.get(op.parentId);
+        const deletedId = op.deletedId === void 0 ? void 0 : restoredTextIds.get(op.deletedId);
+        if (id === void 0 && parentId === void 0 && deletedId === void 0) {
+          return op;
+        }
+        if (op.type === OpCode.CREATE_TEXT && id !== void 0) {
+          return {
+            ...op,
+            id,
+            version: 0,
+            ...parentId === void 0 ? {} : { parentId },
+            ...deletedId === void 0 ? {} : { deletedId }
+          };
+        }
+        return {
+          ...op,
+          ...id === void 0 ? {} : { id },
+          ...parentId === void 0 ? {} : { parentId },
+          ...deletedId === void 0 ? {} : { deletedId }
+        };
+      }
+      return id === void 0 ? op : { ...op, id };
+    });
+    const opsWithOpIds = remappedOps.map(
       (op) => op.opId === void 0 ? { ...op, opId: context.pool.generateOpId() } : op
     );
+    if (localSource.via !== "edit") {
+      for (const op of opsWithOpIds) {
+        viaByOpId.set(op.opId, localSource.via);
+      }
+    }
     const { reverse, updates } = applyOps(
       pframes,
       opsWithOpIds,
       /* isLocal */
-      true
+      true,
+      localSource
     );
     return { opsToEmit: opsWithOpIds, reverse, updates };
   }
@@ -10807,7 +12276,7 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
       false
     );
   }
-  function applyOps(pframes, ops, isLocal) {
+  function applyOps(pframes, ops, isLocal, localSource = LOCAL_EDIT) {
     const output = {
       reverse: new Deque(),
       storageUpdates: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
@@ -10836,12 +12305,16 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     for (const op of ops) {
       let source;
       if (isLocal) {
-        source = 0 /* LOCAL */;
+        source = { ...localSource, optimistic: true };
       } else if (op.opId !== void 0) {
         context.unacknowledgedOps.delete(op.opId);
-        source = 2 /* OURS */;
+        source = {
+          origin: "local",
+          via: viaOfAckedOp(op.opId),
+          optimistic: false
+        };
       } else {
-        source = 1 /* THEIRS */;
+        source = REMOTE;
       }
       const applyOpResult = applyOp(op, source);
       if (applyOpResult.modified) {
@@ -10856,7 +12329,7 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
           );
           output.reverse.pushLeft(applyOpResult.reverse);
         }
-        if (op.type === OpCode.CREATE_LIST || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_MAP || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_OBJECT || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_FILE) {
+        if (op.type === OpCode.CREATE_LIST || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_MAP || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_OBJECT || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_TEXT || op.type === OpCode.CREATE_FILE) {
           createdNodeIds.add(op.id);
         }
       }
@@ -10876,12 +12349,13 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     switch (op.type) {
       case OpCode.DELETE_OBJECT_KEY:
       case OpCode.UPDATE_OBJECT:
+      case OpCode.UPDATE_TEXT:
       case OpCode.DELETE_CRDT: {
         const node = context.pool.nodes.get(op.id);
         if (node === void 0) {
           return { modified: false };
         }
-        return node._apply(op, source === 0 /* LOCAL */);
+        return node._apply(op, source);
       }
       case OpCode.SET_PARENT_KEY: {
         const node = context.pool.nodes.get(op.id);
@@ -10900,6 +12374,7 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
       case OpCode.CREATE_OBJECT:
       case OpCode.CREATE_LIST:
       case OpCode.CREATE_MAP:
+      case OpCode.CREATE_TEXT:
       case OpCode.CREATE_FILE:
       case OpCode.CREATE_REGISTER: {
         if (op.parentId === void 0) {
@@ -11154,16 +12629,38 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
           }
           break;
         }
-        // Receiving a RejectedOps message in the client means that the server is no
-        // longer in sync with the client. Trying to synchronize the client again by
-        // rolling back particular Ops may be hard/impossible. It's fine to not try and
-        // accept the out-of-sync reality and throw an error.
+        // Receiving a RejectedOps message means the server refused some of
+        // our ops, so our optimistic local state is out of sync with the
+        // server. For LiveText ops this is a normal (if rare) situation —
+        // e.g. a client that was offline long enough to fall outside the
+        // server's retained history window — and we can recover: drop the
+        // rejected pending state and re-fetch the authoritative storage
+        // snapshot. For other ops (e.g. permission rejections), rolling back
+        // particular Ops is hard/impossible, so we keep the old behavior of
+        // accepting the out-of-sync reality and surfacing an error.
         case ServerMsgCode.REJECT_STORAGE_OP: {
           errorWithTitle(
             "Storage mutation rejection error",
             message.reason
           );
-          if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production") {
+          let needsStorageResync = false;
+          for (const opId of message.opIds) {
+            const rejectedOp = context.unacknowledgedOps.get(opId);
+            context.unacknowledgedOps.delete(opId);
+            context.buffer.storageOperations = context.buffer.storageOperations.filter((op) => op.opId !== opId);
+            viaByOpId.delete(opId);
+            if (rejectedOp !== void 0 && rejectedOp.type === OpCode.UPDATE_TEXT) {
+              const node = context.pool.nodes.get(rejectedOp.id);
+              if (node !== void 0 && isLiveText(node)) {
+                node._rejectPendingOp(opId);
+                needsStorageResync = true;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          if (needsStorageResync) {
+            refreshStorage();
+            flushNowOrSoon();
+          } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production") {
             throw new Error(
               `Storage mutations rejected by server: ${message.reason}`
             );
@@ -11705,14 +13202,15 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     if (context.activeBatch) {
       throw new Error("undo is not allowed during a batch");
     }
-    const frames = context.undoStack.pop();
-    if (frames === void 0) {
+    const item = context.undoStack.pop();
+    if (item === void 0) {
       return;
     }
     context.pausedHistory = null;
-    const result = applyLocalOps(frames);
+    const result = applyLocalOps(item.frames, LOCAL_UNDO);
+    context.redoStack.push({ id: item.id, frames: result.reverse });
+    notifyPrivateHistory({ action: "undo", id: item.id });
     notify(result.updates);
-    context.redoStack.push(result.reverse);
     onHistoryChange();
     for (const op of result.opsToEmit) {
       context.buffer.storageOperations.push(op);
@@ -11723,14 +13221,15 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     if (context.activeBatch) {
       throw new Error("redo is not allowed during a batch");
     }
-    const frames = context.redoStack.pop();
-    if (frames === void 0) {
+    const item = context.redoStack.pop();
+    if (item === void 0) {
       return;
     }
     context.pausedHistory = null;
-    const result = applyLocalOps(frames);
+    const result = applyLocalOps(item.frames, LOCAL_REDO);
+    context.undoStack.push({ id: item.id, frames: result.reverse });
+    notifyPrivateHistory({ action: "redo", id: item.id });
     notify(result.updates);
-    context.undoStack.push(result.reverse);
     onHistoryChange();
     for (const op of result.opsToEmit) {
       context.buffer.storageOperations.push(op);
@@ -11740,6 +13239,8 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
   function clear() {
     context.undoStack.length = 0;
     context.redoStack.length = 0;
+    notifyPrivateHistory({ action: "clear" });
+    onHistoryChange();
   }
   function batch2(callback) {
     if (context.activeBatch) {
@@ -11767,8 +13268,8 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
       if (currentBatch.scheduleHistoryResume) {
         commitPausedHistoryToUndoStack();
       }
-      if (currentBatch.ops.length > 0) {
-        context.redoStack.length = 0;
+      if (currentBatch.ops.length > 0 || currentBatch.clearRedoStack) {
+        clearRedoStack();
       }
       if (currentBatch.ops.length > 0) {
         dispatchOps(currentBatch.ops);
@@ -11797,7 +13298,6 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
     }
     commitPausedHistoryToUndoStack();
   }
-  let historyDisabled = 0;
   function disableHistory(fn) {
     const origUndo = context.undoStack;
     const origRedo = context.redoStack;
@@ -12047,13 +13547,28 @@ function createRoom(options, config) {
         },
         // prettier-ignore
         get undoStack() {
-          return deepClone(context.undoStack);
+          return structuredClone(
+            context.undoStack.map((item) => ({
+              id: item.id,
+              frames: item.frames
+            }))
+          );
+        },
+        // prettier-ignore
+        get redoStack() {
+          return structuredClone(
+            context.redoStack.map((item) => ({
+              id: item.id,
+              frames: item.frames
+            }))
+          );
         },
         // prettier-ignore
         get nodeCount() {
           return context.pool.nodes.size;
         },
         // prettier-ignore
+        history: eventHub.privateHistory.observable,
         getYjsProvider() {
           return context.yjsProvider;
         },
@@ -13084,6 +14599,12 @@ function toPlainLson(lson) {
       liveblocksType: "LiveList",
       data: [...lson].map((item) => toPlainLson(item))
     };
+  } else if (lson instanceof LiveText) {
+    return {
+      liveblocksType: "LiveText",
+      data: lson.toJSON(),
+      version: lson.version
+    };
   } else if (lson instanceof LiveFile) {
     return {
       liveblocksType: "LiveFile",
@@ -13271,6 +14792,7 @@ export {
   LiveList,
   LiveMap,
   LiveObject,
+  LiveText,
   LiveblocksError,
   MENTION_CHARACTER,
   MutableSignal,
@@ -13282,6 +14804,7 @@ export {
   SortedList,
   TextEditorType,
   WebsocketCloseCodes,
+  applyLiveTextOperations,
   asPos,
   assert,
   assertNever,
@@ -13342,6 +14865,7 @@ export {
   isRegisterStorageNode,
   isRootStorageNode,
   isStartsWithOperator,
+  isTextStorageNode,
   isUrl,
   kInternal,
   keys,
@@ -13355,6 +14879,7 @@ export {
   nanoid,
   nn,
   nodeStreamToCompactNodes,
+  normalizeLiveTextOperations,
   normalizeRoomAccesses,
   normalizeRoomPermissions,
   normalizeUpdateRoomAccesses,
@@ -13370,6 +14895,7 @@ export {
   stringifyCommentBody,
   throwUsageError,
   toPlainLson,
+  transformTextOperations,
   tryParseJson,
   url,
   urljoin,