@litfamily/litopencode 1.0.7 → 1.0.9

package/skills/lit-pptx/scripts/lib/render-adapter-pptx.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1848 @@
+"use strict";
+
+/**
+ * render-adapter-pptx.js — Render a resolved slide spec to a PPTX file.
+ *
+ * Architecture: Each text line is its own separate shape (individual addText()
+ * call). Bullet items use manual "•  " prefix in green (#00AE41) Bold 16pt.
+ * Section headers are separate shapes in Bold 18pt black.
+ *
+ * Input: resolved spec from layout-resolver, templateObj from registry, output path.
+ * Output: writes a .pptx file via pptxgenjs.
+ */
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+const os = require("os");
+const path = require("path");
+const PptxGenJS = require("pptxgenjs");
+const { extractContent, looksLikeKpi } = require("./layout-resolver");
+
+// Narrowest a KPI badge can be and still read as one glance.
+const KPI_MIN_CARD_WIDTH_IN = 1.9;
+
+const TOOLKIT_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, "../..");
+const ASSETS_AZURE = path.join(TOOLKIT_ROOT, "assets", "azure");
+
+/** Resolve a decoration asset path: explicit absolute override (custom-accent
+ * regenerated gradients), then the enrolled Azure assets. */
+function decorAssetPath(d) {
+  if (d.assetPath) return d.assetPath;
+  return path.join(ASSETS_AZURE, d.asset);
+}
+const hex = (c) => (c || "#000000").replace("#", "");
+
+function linkedTableCell(text, options) {
+  const original = cleanMd(text);
+  let display = original;
+  let url = null;
+  const markdown = original.match(/\[([^\]]+)\]\((https?:\/\/[^)\s]+)\)/i);
+  if (markdown) {
+    display = original.replace(markdown[0], markdown[1]);
+    url = markdown[2];
+  } else {
+    const rawUrl = original.match(/https?:\/\/[^\s<>\])}]+/i);
+    const doi = original.match(/\b10\.\d{4,9}\/[^\s<>\])}]+/i);
+    if (rawUrl) url = rawUrl[0].replace(/[.,;:]+$/, "");
+    else if (doi) url = `https://doi.org/${doi[0].replace(/[.,;:]+$/, "")}`;
+  }
+  return {
+    text: display,
+    options: {
+      ...options,
+      ...(url ? { hyperlink: { url } } : {}),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// ── Text style constants with neutral fallbacks.
+// These are reassigned from the template at the start of render() so the same
+// adapter serves any enrolled template (e.g. BOILERPLATE-PRETENDARD).
+let FONT_BOLD = "Pretendard";
+let FONT_MEDIUM = "Pretendard";
+let FONT_LIGHT = "Pretendard";
+let CHAR_SPACING = -0.7;
+
+function expandHome(p) {
+  if (p === "~") return os.homedir();
+  if (p && p.startsWith(`~${path.sep}`)) return path.join(os.homedir(), p.slice(2));
+  return p;
+}
+
+function resolveImagePath(src, sourceDir) {
+  if (!src) throw new Error("Image source is empty");
+  const expanded = expandHome(src);
+  const candidates = [];
+  if (path.isAbsolute(expanded)) candidates.push(expanded);
+  else {
+    if (sourceDir) candidates.push(path.resolve(sourceDir, expanded));
+    candidates.push(path.resolve(process.cwd(), expanded));
+    candidates.push(path.resolve(TOOLKIT_ROOT, expanded));
+  }
+  const found = candidates.find((candidate) => fs.existsSync(candidate));
+  if (!found) {
+    throw new Error(`Image not found: ${src}. Checked: ${candidates.join(", ")}`);
+  }
+  return found;
+}
+
+function readImageSize(filePath) {
+  const buf = fs.readFileSync(filePath);
+  if (buf.length >= 24 && buf.toString("ascii", 1, 4) === "PNG") {
+    return { width: buf.readUInt32BE(16), height: buf.readUInt32BE(20) };
+  }
+  if (buf.length >= 4 && buf[0] === 0xff && buf[1] === 0xd8) {
+    let offset = 2;
+    while (offset + 9 < buf.length) {
+      if (buf[offset] !== 0xff) { offset++; continue; }
+      const marker = buf[offset + 1];
+      const length = buf.readUInt16BE(offset + 2);
+      if (length < 2) break;
+      if ((marker >= 0xc0 && marker <= 0xc3) || (marker >= 0xc5 && marker <= 0xc7) ||
+          (marker >= 0xc9 && marker <= 0xcb) || (marker >= 0xcd && marker <= 0xcf)) {
+        return { width: buf.readUInt16BE(offset + 7), height: buf.readUInt16BE(offset + 5) };
+      }
+      offset += 2 + length;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function containBox(x, y, w, h, imageSize) {
+  if (!imageSize || !imageSize.width || !imageSize.height) return { x, y, w, h };
+  const boxRatio = w / h;
+  const imageRatio = imageSize.width / imageSize.height;
+  if (imageRatio > boxRatio) {
+    const fittedH = w / imageRatio;
+    return { x, y: y + (h - fittedH) / 2, w, h: fittedH };
+  }
+  const fittedW = h * imageRatio;
+  return { x: x + (w - fittedW) / 2, y, w: fittedW, h };
+}
+
+// Bullet items
+let BULLET_FONT = FONT_BOLD;
+const BULLET_SIZE = 16;
+let BULLET_COLOR = "00AE41"; // brand bullet color (default green; reassigned per-template)
+let SECTION_ACCENT = "00AE41"; // brand section-card / accent color (default green)
+const BULLET_PREFIX = "\u2022  "; // "•  " (bullet + two spaces)
+const BULLET_X = 0.59;
+const BULLET_W = 8.8;
+const BULLET_H = 0.38;
+const BULLET_Y_SPACING = 0.42;
+const BULLET_LINE_SPACING = 1.25;
+
+// Section headers
+let SEC_HEADER_FONT = FONT_BOLD;
+const SEC_HEADER_SIZE = 18;
+const SEC_HEADER_COLOR = "000000";
+const SEC_HEADER_X = 0.39;
+const SEC_HEADER_W = 9.0;
+const SEC_HEADER_H = 0.5;
+
+// Summary (narrow width)
+const SUMMARY_HEADER_W = 4.3;
+const SUMMARY_BULLET_W = 4.8;
+const SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE = 14;
+const SUMMARY_BULLET_H = 0.34;
+const SUMMARY_BULLET_Y_SPACING = 0.38;
+const SUMMARY_BULLET_LINE_SPACING = 1.05;
+
+// TOC items (separate shapes)
+let TOC_FONT = FONT_BOLD;
+const TOC_SIZE = 18;
+const TOC_COLOR = "000000";
+const TOC_X = 0.390;
+const TOC_W = 7.500;
+const TOC_H = 0.550;
+const TOC_Y_START = 0.957;
+const TOC_Y_SPACING = 0.650;
+
+function weightedTextLength(text) {
+  let total = 0;
+  for (const ch of String(text || "")) {
+    if (/\s/.test(ch)) total += 0.35;
+    else if (/^[\x00-\x7F]$/.test(ch)) total += 0.58;
+    else total += 1.0;
+  }
+  return total;
+}
+
+function estimateWrappedLines(text, widthIn, fontSize) {
+  const usablePt = Math.max(12, (widthIn || 4) * 72 - 10);
+  // Conservative on purpose: PowerPoint wraps dense mixed
+  // Korean-English strings earlier than a naive ASCII width estimate.
+  const unitsPerLine = Math.max(4, usablePt / Math.max(4, fontSize * 0.95));
+  return Math.max(1, Math.ceil(weightedTextLength(text) / unitsPerLine));
+}
+
+function estimateTextHeight(text, widthIn, fontSize, lineSpacingMultiple) {
+  const lines = estimateWrappedLines(text, widthIn, fontSize);
+  return Math.max(0.14, ((lines * fontSize * lineSpacingMultiple) / 72) * 1.4 + 0.08);
+}
+
+function bodyElements(items) {
+  const elements = [];
+  let numberedCounter = 0;
+  for (const item of items) {
+    if (item.type === "section") {
+      elements.push({ kind: "section", text: item.heading || "" });
+      numberedCounter = 0;
+      for (const child of item.children || []) {
+        numberedCounter++;
+        elements.push({ kind: "numbered", text: `(${numberedCounter})  ${child.text || ""}` });
+      }
+    } else if (item.type === "bullet") {
+      elements.push({ kind: "bullet", text: item.text || "" });
+      numberedCounter = 0;
+      for (const child of item.children || []) {
+        numberedCounter++;
+        elements.push({ kind: "numbered", text: `(${numberedCounter})  ${child.text || ""}` });
+      }
+    } else if (item.type === "numbered") {
+      numberedCounter++;
+      elements.push({ kind: "numbered", text: `(${numberedCounter})  ${item.text || ""}` });
+    } else if (item.type === "text") {
+      elements.push({ kind: "text", text: item.text || "" });
+    }
+  }
+  return elements;
+}
+
+function chooseBodyStyle(items, widthIn, startY, bottomY) {
+  const available = Math.max(0.5, (bottomY || 7.0) - startY);
+  const sizes = [16, 15, 14, 13];
+  for (const bodySize of sizes) {
+    const sectionSize = Math.min(18, bodySize + 2);
+    const lineSpacing = bodySize <= 10 ? 1.05 : 1.18;
+    const gap = bodySize <= 10 ? 0.035 : 0.05;
+    const total = bodyElements(items).reduce((sum, el) => {
+      const size = el.kind === "section" ? sectionSize : bodySize;
+      const w = el.kind === "section" ? Math.min(widthIn, SEC_HEADER_W) : widthIn;
+      return sum + estimateTextHeight(el.text, w, size, lineSpacing) + gap;
+    }, 0);
+    if (total <= available) return { bodySize, sectionSize, lineSpacing, gap };
+  }
+  return { bodySize: 13, sectionSize: 15, lineSpacing: 1.08, gap: 0.04 };
+}
+
+function estimateSectionHeight(item, secW, bulletW, style) {
+  let total = estimateTextHeight(item.heading || "", secW, style.sectionSize, style.lineSpacing) + style.gap;
+  let numberedCounter = 0;
+  for (const child of item.children || []) {
+    numberedCounter++;
+    total += estimateTextHeight(`(${numberedCounter})  ${child.text || ""}`, bulletW, style.bodySize, style.lineSpacing) + style.gap;
+  }
+  return total + 0.12;
+}
+
+function addSectionCard(slide, x, y, w, h) {
+  slide.addShape("rect", {
+    x,
+    y: y - 0.035,
+    w,
+    h: Math.max(0.28, h),
+    fill: { color: "F7F9F8", transparency: 12 },
+    line: { color: "D8E2DD", width: 0.5, transparency: 20 },
+  });
+}
+
+function bodyItemsToDiagnosticLines(items) {
+  const lines = [];
+  let numberedCounter = 0;
+  for (const item of items || []) {
+    if (item.type === "section") {
+      lines.push(`■ ${item.heading || ""}`);
+      numberedCounter = 0;
+      for (const child of item.children || []) {
+        numberedCounter++;
+        lines.push(`(${numberedCounter}) ${child.text || ""}`);
+      }
+    } else if (item.type === "bullet") {
+      lines.push(`• ${item.text || ""}`);
+      numberedCounter = 0;
+      for (const child of item.children || []) {
+        numberedCounter++;
+        lines.push(`(${numberedCounter}) ${child.text || ""}`);
+      }
+    } else if (item.type === "numbered") {
+      numberedCounter++;
+      lines.push(`(${numberedCounter}) ${item.text || ""}`);
+    } else if (item.type === "text") {
+      lines.push(item.text || "");
+    }
+  }
+  return lines.filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+function bodyItemsToDiagnosticCards(items) {
+  const cards = [];
+  let numberedCounter = 0;
+  for (const item of items || []) {
+    if (item.type === "section" || item.type === "bullet") {
+      const title = item.heading || item.text || "";
+      const body = [];
+      numberedCounter = 0;
+      for (const child of item.children || []) {
+        numberedCounter++;
+        body.push(`(${numberedCounter}) ${child.text || ""}`);
+      }
+      if (title || body.length) cards.push({ title, body });
+    } else if (item.type === "numbered") {
+      numberedCounter++;
+      cards.push({ title: `(${numberedCounter})`, body: [item.text || ""] });
+    } else if (item.type === "text" && item.text) {
+      cards.push({ title: "", body: [item.text] });
+    }
+  }
+  return cards;
+}
+
+function splitLinesByWeight(lines, columns) {
+  const groups = Array.from({ length: columns }, () => []);
+  const weights = Array(columns).fill(0);
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    let target = 0;
+    for (let i = 1; i < columns; i++) {
+      if (weights[i] < weights[target]) target = i;
+    }
+    groups[target].push(line);
+    weights[target] += Math.max(20, weightedTextLength(line));
+  }
+  return groups;
+}
+
+function splitCardsByWeight(cards, columns) {
+  const groups = Array.from({ length: columns }, () => []);
+  const weights = Array(columns).fill(0);
+  for (const card of cards) {
+    let target = 0;
+    for (let i = 1; i < columns; i++) {
+      if (weights[i] < weights[target]) target = i;
+    }
+    groups[target].push(card);
+    const cardWeight = weightedTextLength(card.title || "") * 1.4
+      + (card.body || []).reduce((sum, line) => sum + weightedTextLength(line), 0);
+    weights[target] += Math.max(80, cardWeight);
+  }
+  return groups;
+}
+
+function renderDiagnosticCard(slide, card, x, y, w, h, idx) {
+  slide.addShape("rect", {
+    x,
+    y,
+    w,
+    h,
+    fill: { color: idx % 2 ? "F8FAF9" : "F3F6F4", transparency: 2 },
+    line: { color: "D6E2DB", width: 0.35, transparency: 12 },
+  });
+  slide.addShape("rect", {
+    x,
+    y,
+    w: 0.028,
+    h,
+    fill: { color: SECTION_ACCENT, transparency: 0 },
+    line: { color: SECTION_ACCENT, transparency: 100 },
+  });
+
+  const padX = 0.055;
+  const padY = 0.05;
+  const titleH = card.title ? Math.min(0.28, Math.max(0.18, h * 0.16)) : 0;
+  if (card.title) {
+    slide.addText(card.title, {
+      x: x + padX,
+      y: y + padY,
+      w: w - padX * 1.45,
+      h: titleH,
+      fontFace: FONT_BOLD,
+      fontSize: 7.4,
+      color: "002554",
+      charSpacing: -0.25,
+      fit: "shrink",
+      margin: 0.01,
+      breakLine: false,
+      valign: "top",
+    });
+  }
+
+  const bodyText = (card.body || []).join("\n");
+  if (bodyText) {
+    slide.addText(bodyText, {
+      x: x + padX,
+      y: y + padY + titleH + 0.015,
+      w: w - padX * 1.45,
+      h: Math.max(0.16, h - titleH - padY * 1.6),
+      fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM,
+      fontSize: 5.85,
+      color: "1F1F1F",
+      charSpacing: -0.18,
+      fit: "shrink",
+      margin: 0.008,
+      paraSpaceAfterPt: 0,
+      lineSpacingMultiple: 0.96,
+      breakLine: false,
+      valign: "top",
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function estimateDiagnosticCardHeight(card, w) {
+  const padY = 0.05;
+  const titleH = card.title ? 0.24 : 0;
+  const bodyText = (card.body || []).join("\n");
+  const bodyH = bodyText ? estimateTextHeight(bodyText, Math.max(0.8, w - 0.12), 5.85, 1.02) : 0;
+  return Math.max(0.56, Math.min(2.35, padY * 2 + titleH + bodyH));
+}
+
+function renderCramStressBody(slide, items, pageW, pageH) {
+  const cards = bodyItemsToDiagnosticCards(items);
+  const columns = 3;
+  const groups = cards.length ? splitCardsByWeight(cards, columns) : splitLinesByWeight(bodyItemsToDiagnosticLines(items), columns).map((group) => [{ title: "", body: group }]);
+  const x = 0.28;
+  const y = 0.98;
+  const w = 7.78;
+  const h = pageH - y - 0.34;
+  const gap = 0.105;
+  const colW = (w - gap * (columns - 1)) / columns;
+  groups.forEach((group, idx) => {
+    const colX = x + idx * (colW + gap);
+    const cardGap = 0.075;
+    const availableH = h - cardGap * Math.max(0, group.length - 1);
+    const desiredHeights = group.map((card) => estimateDiagnosticCardHeight(card, colW));
+    const desiredTotal = desiredHeights.reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0) || 1;
+    const scale = desiredTotal > availableH ? availableH / desiredTotal : 1;
+    let cursorY = y;
+    group.forEach((card, cardIdx) => {
+      const remainingCards = group.length - cardIdx - 1;
+      const rawH = desiredHeights[cardIdx] * scale;
+      const cardH = Math.max(0.62, Math.min(rawH, h - (cursorY - y) - remainingCards * (0.62 + cardGap)));
+      renderDiagnosticCard(slide, card, colX, cursorY, colW, cardH, idx + cardIdx);
+      cursorY += cardH + cardGap;
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function renderCramStressImageSheet(slide, content, sourceDir, pageW, pageH) {
+  if (!content) return;
+  const images = content.type === "image-grid"
+    ? (Array.isArray(content.images) ? content.images : [])
+    : content.type === "image" ? [content] : [];
+  if (images.length === 0) return;
+  const x = 8.24;
+  const y = 0.98;
+  const w = pageW - x - 0.25;
+  const h = pageH - y - 0.34;
+  const cols = images.length >= 8 ? 2 : 1;
+  const rows = Math.ceil(images.length / cols);
+  const gap = 0.04;
+  const cellW = (w - gap * (cols - 1)) / cols;
+  const headerH = 0.28;
+  const sheetH = Math.min(h - 0.9, rows * 0.58 + gap * (rows - 1));
+  const cellH = (sheetH - gap * (rows - 1)) / rows;
+  const noteY = y + headerH + sheetH + 0.16;
+  const noteH = Math.min(1.0, h - (noteY - y) - 0.08);
+  const panelH = noteY - y + noteH;
+  slide.addShape("rect", {
+    x: x - 0.04,
+    y: y - 0.04,
+    w: w + 0.08,
+    h: panelH + 0.08,
+    fill: { color: "F5F8F6", transparency: 0 },
+    line: { color: "CAD4CE", width: 0.5 },
+  });
+  slide.addText("RAW EVIDENCE CONTACT SHEET", {
+    x,
+    y: y + 0.02,
+    w,
+    h: 0.16,
+    fontFace: FONT_BOLD,
+    fontSize: 5.8,
+    color: "002554",
+    charSpacing: -0.15,
+    fit: "shrink",
+    margin: 0,
+  });
+  slide.addShape("rect", {
+    x,
+    y: y + 0.22,
+    w,
+    h: 0,
+    line: { color: SECTION_ACCENT, width: 0.45 },
+  });
+  images.forEach((image, idx) => {
+    const imgPath = resolveImagePath(image.src, sourceDir);
+    const col = idx % cols;
+    const row = Math.floor(idx / cols);
+    const fit = containBox(
+      x + col * (cellW + gap),
+      y + headerH + row * (cellH + gap),
+      cellW,
+      cellH,
+      readImageSize(imgPath),
+    );
+    slide.addImage({
+      path: imgPath,
+      ...fit,
+      altText: image.caption || path.basename(image.src || imgPath),
+    });
+  });
+  slide.addShape("rect", {
+    x,
+    y: noteY,
+    w,
+    h: noteH,
+    fill: { color: "FFFFFF", transparency: 0 },
+    line: { color: "D6E2DB", width: 0.35, transparency: 20 },
+  });
+  slide.addText("diagnostic cram-stress\nmicrotext is intentional\nproduction decks must synthesize\noverflow / marker / missing media = fail", {
+    x: x + 0.06,
+    y: noteY + 0.07,
+    w: w - 0.12,
+    h: Math.max(0.24, noteH - 0.14),
+    fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM,
+    fontSize: 5.3,
+    color: "333333",
+    charSpacing: -0.15,
+    fit: "shrink",
+    margin: 0.01,
+    breakLine: false,
+    lineSpacingMultiple: 1.02,
+    valign: "mid",
+  });
+}
+
+function isCramStressDeck(resolved) {
+  const meta = (resolved && resolved.deck && resolved.deck.metadata) || {};
+  return String(meta.render_mode || meta.renderMode || "").toLowerCase() === "cram-stress";
+}
+
+function renderCramStressSlide(slide, slideSpec, pageW, pageH, sourceDir) {
+  const regions = slideSpec.regions || {};
+  const title = regions.title && regions.title.content;
+  if (title) {
+    slide.addText(String(title), {
+      x: 0.24,
+      y: 0.24,
+      w: pageW - 1.72,
+      h: 0.46,
+      fontFace: FONT_BOLD,
+      fontSize: 13.5,
+      color: "000000",
+      charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING,
+      fit: "shrink",
+    });
+    slide.addShape("rect", {
+      x: 0.24,
+      y: 0.76,
+      w: pageW - 0.48,
+      h: 0,
+      line: { color: SECTION_ACCENT, width: 1.2 },
+    });
+  }
+  if (regions.body && regions.body.content && regions.body.content.type === "body") {
+    renderCramStressBody(slide, regions.body.content.items || [], pageW, pageH);
+  }
+  if (regions.image && regions.image.content) {
+    renderCramStressImageSheet(slide, regions.image.content, sourceDir, pageW, pageH);
+  }
+}
+
+function shouldUseDenseBodyFlow(items, widthIn, startY, bottomY) {
+  const elements = bodyElements(items);
+  const charCount = elements.reduce((sum, el) => sum + String(el.text || "").length, 0);
+  const available = Math.max(0.5, (bottomY || 7.0) - startY);
+  const estimatedAtMin = elements.reduce((sum, el) => {
+    const size = el.kind === "section" ? 12.8 : 11.5;
+    return sum + estimateTextHeight(el.text, Math.max(1.8, widthIn / 2), size, 1.02) + 0.025;
+  }, 0);
+  return widthIn >= 4.4 && (elements.length >= 18 || charCount >= 2400 || estimatedAtMin > available * 1.35);
+}
+
+function chooseDenseBodyStyle() {
+  return { bodySize: 11.5, sectionSize: 12.8, lineSpacing: 1.02, gap: 0.025 };
+}
+
+// ── Font role helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Build font role map from template capabilities.
+ * Maps YAML field names to pptxgenjs option names.
+ */
+function buildFontRoles(templateObj) {
+  if (!templateObj || !templateObj.capabilities || !templateObj.capabilities.font_roles) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  const roles = {};
+  for (const [name, def] of Object.entries(templateObj.capabilities.font_roles)) {
+    roles[name] = {
+      font: def.font,
+      size: def.size,
+      color: (def.color || "#000000").replace("#", ""),
+      align: def.align || "left",
+      charSpacing: def.char_spacing,
+      lineSpacing: def.line_spacing,
+      bold: def.bold,
+      spaceAfter: def.space_after,
+      bulletType: def.bullet_type,
+      bulletChar: def.bullet_char,
+      bulletFont: def.bullet_font,
+      numberType: def.number_type,
+      marL: def.marL,
+      indent: def.indent,
+      fill: def.fill ? def.fill.replace("#", "") : undefined,
+      borderColor: def.border_color ? def.border_color.replace("#", "") : undefined,
+      borderWidth: def.border_width,
+    };
+  }
+  return roles;
+}
+
+// ── Decoration rendering ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Add decoration elements to a pptxgenjs slide.
+ * Note: slide_number is intentionally omitted — the reference template has none.
+ */
+function addDecorations(slide, decorations, slideIdx, fontRoles) {
+  if (!decorations || !Array.isArray(decorations)) return;
+
+  for (const d of decorations) {
+    if (d.type === "image") {
+      slide.addImage({
+        path: decorAssetPath(d),
+        x: d.x || 0,
+        y: d.y || 0,
+        w: d.w || 1,
+        h: d.h || 1,
+        rotate: d.rotate || undefined,
+        altText: d.asset || "template-image",
+      });
+
+    } else if (d.type === "rect" || d.type === "roundRect" || d.type === "pill") {
+      // Solid color block / rounded card / full-radius pill. Optional text label.
+      const shape = d.type === "rect" ? "rect" : "roundRect";
+      const opts = {
+        x: d.x || 0, y: d.y || 0, w: d.w || 1, h: d.h || 0.5,
+      };
+      if (d.fill) opts.fill = { color: hex(d.fill), transparency: d.alpha || 0 };
+      else opts.fill = { type: "none" };
+      if (d.line) opts.line = { color: hex(d.line), width: d.line_width || 1 };
+      else opts.line = { type: "none" };
+      if (shape === "roundRect") opts.rectRadius = d.type === "pill" ? (d.h || 0.5) / 2 : (d.radius != null ? d.radius : 0.12);
+      slide.addShape(shape, opts);
+      if (d.text) {
+        slide.addText(d.text, {
+          x: d.x || 0, y: d.y || 0, w: d.w || 1, h: d.h || 0.5,
+          fontFace: d.font || FONT_BOLD, fontSize: d.size || 12,
+          color: hex(d.text_color || "#FFFFFF"), bold: !!d.bold,
+          align: d.align || "center", valign: "middle",
+          charSpacing: d.char_spacing != null ? d.char_spacing : CHAR_SPACING,
+        });
+      }
+
+    } else if (d.type === "ellipse" || d.type === "ring") {
+      const opts = { x: d.x || 0, y: d.y || 0, w: d.w || 1, h: d.h || (d.w || 1) };
+      if (d.type === "ring" || !d.fill) {
+        opts.fill = { type: "none" };
+        opts.line = { color: hex(d.line || d.color || "#FFFFFF"), width: d.line_width || 2 };
+      } else {
+        opts.fill = { color: hex(d.fill), transparency: d.alpha || 0 };
+        opts.line = { type: "none" };
+      }
+      slide.addShape("ellipse", opts);
+
+    } else if (d.type === "text") {
+      slide.addText(d.text || "", {
+        x: d.x || 0, y: d.y || 0, w: d.w || 4, h: d.h || 1,
+        fontFace: d.font || FONT_BOLD, fontSize: d.size || 14,
+        color: hex(d.color || "#000000"), bold: !!d.bold,
+        align: d.align || "left", valign: d.valign || "top",
+        charSpacing: d.char_spacing != null ? d.char_spacing : CHAR_SPACING,
+        transparency: d.transparency != null ? d.transparency : undefined,
+      });
+
+    } else if (d.type === "line") {
+      slide.addShape("rect", {
+        x: d.x || 0,
+        y: d.y || 0,
+        w: d.w || 1,
+        h: 0,
+        line: { color: (d.color || "#000000").replace("#", ""), width: d.width || 1 },
+      });
+
+    } else if (d.type === "confidential_mark") {
+      const role = fontRoles.confidential_mark || {};
+      const mX = d.x || 0, mY = d.y || 0, mW = d.w || 1, mH = d.h || 0.3;
+      const bColor = role.borderColor || "C00000";
+      const bPt = role.borderWidth || 1;
+      slide.addShape("rect", {
+        x: mX, y: mY, w: mW, h: mH,
+        line: { color: bColor, width: bPt },
+      });
+      slide.addText(d.text ?? "\u5C0D \u5916 \u79D8", {
+        x: mX, y: mY, w: mW, h: mH,
+        fontFace: role.font || "Pretendard",
+        fontSize: role.size || 14,
+        color: role.color || "C00000",
+        align: role.align || "center",
+        valign: "middle",
+      });
+
+    } else if (d.type === "disclaimer") {
+      const role = fontRoles.disclaimer || {};
+      slide.addText(
+        d.text ?? "※ 본 문서는 대외비입니다.",
+        {
+          x: d.x || 0,
+          y: d.y || 0,
+          w: d.w || 1,
+          h: d.h || 0.2,
+          fontFace: role.font || FONT_LIGHT,
+          fontSize: role.size || 6,
+          color: role.color || "666666",
+          align: role.align || "left",
+        }
+      );
+    }
+    // slide_number intentionally removed — reference template has none
+  }
+}
+
+// ── Body shape rendering (individual shapes per line) ────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Add body items as individual shapes to a slide.
+ * Each section header and bullet item is a separate positioned shape.
+ *
+ * @param {object} slide - pptxgenjs slide
+ * @param {Array} items - AST items (section, bullet, numbered, text)
+ * @param {number} startY - Starting y position
+ * @param {number} maxX - Max width for positioning
+ * @returns {number} The y position after the last item
+ */
+function addBodyShapes(slide, items, startY, maxX, bottomY, originX) {
+  const denseFlow = shouldUseDenseBodyFlow(items, maxX, startY, bottomY || 7.0);
+  const columns = denseFlow ? 2 : 1;
+  const colGap = denseFlow ? 0.16 : 0;
+  const colW = (maxX - colGap * (columns - 1)) / columns;
+  let col = 0;
+  let y = startY;
+  // Template regions have always drawn body text at the template's own left
+  // margin. A placed box carries its own, and passes it here.
+  const baseX = originX != null ? originX : SEC_HEADER_X;
+  const bodyIndent = denseFlow ? 0.13 : (BULLET_X - SEC_HEADER_X);
+  const BODY_FULL_W = 10.188;
+  const scale = colW / BODY_FULL_W;
+  const secW = denseFlow ? Math.max(1.4, colW - 0.04) : SEC_HEADER_W * scale;
+  const bulletW = denseFlow ? Math.max(1.2, colW - bodyIndent - 0.02) : BULLET_W * scale;
+  let numberedCounter = 0;
+  const style = denseFlow ? chooseDenseBodyStyle() : chooseBodyStyle(items, bulletW, startY, bottomY || 7.0);
+
+  function colX() { return baseX + col * (colW + colGap); }
+  function secX() { return colX(); }
+  function bulletX() { return colX() + bodyIndent; }
+  function maybeAdvanceColumn(nextHeight) {
+    if (!denseFlow || col >= columns - 1) return;
+    if (y + nextHeight > (bottomY || 7.0)) {
+      col++;
+      y = startY;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const item of items) {
+    if (item.type === "section") {
+      const sectionH = estimateTextHeight(item.heading, secW, style.sectionSize, style.lineSpacing);
+      const cardH = estimateSectionHeight(item, secW, bulletW, style);
+      maybeAdvanceColumn(Math.min(cardH, sectionH + 0.2));
+      addSectionCard(slide, secX() - 0.035, y - 0.03, Math.max(secW, bulletW + bodyIndent) + 0.07, cardH);
+      // Section header — separate shape, black, 1.5 line spacing
+      slide.addText(mdRuns(item.heading, {
+        fontFace: SEC_HEADER_FONT,
+        fontSize: style.sectionSize,
+        color: SEC_HEADER_COLOR,
+        charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING,
+      }), {
+        x: secX(),
+        y: y,
+        w: secW,
+        h: sectionH,
+        lineSpacingMultiple: style.lineSpacing,
+      });
+      y += sectionH + style.gap;
+
+      // Numbered children with (1)(2)(3) format
+      if (item.children) {
+        numberedCounter = 0;
+        for (const child of item.children) {
+          numberedCounter++;
+          const numPrefix = `(${numberedCounter})  `;
+          const text = numPrefix + cleanMd(child.text);
+          const h = estimateTextHeight(text, bulletW, style.bodySize, style.lineSpacing);
+          maybeAdvanceColumn(h);
+          slide.addText([
+            { text: numPrefix, options: { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+            ...mdRuns(child.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+          ], {
+            x: bulletX(),
+            y: y,
+            w: bulletW,
+            h,
+            lineSpacingMultiple: style.lineSpacing,
+          });
+          y += h + style.gap;
+        }
+      }
+      y += 0.08;
+
+    } else if (item.type === "bullet") {
+      const h = estimateTextHeight(item.text, bulletW, style.bodySize, style.lineSpacing);
+      maybeAdvanceColumn(h);
+      // Bullet item — green prefix + black text
+      slide.addText([
+        { text: BULLET_PREFIX, options: { fontFace: FONT_BOLD, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: BULLET_COLOR, charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+        ...mdRuns(item.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+      ], {
+        x: bulletX(),
+        y: y,
+        w: bulletW,
+        h,
+        lineSpacingMultiple: style.lineSpacing,
+      });
+      y += h + style.gap;
+
+      // Children (numbered sub-items)
+      if (item.children) {
+        numberedCounter = 0;
+        for (const child of item.children) {
+          numberedCounter++;
+          const numPrefix = `(${numberedCounter})  `;
+          const text = numPrefix + cleanMd(child.text);
+          const childH = estimateTextHeight(text, bulletW, style.bodySize, style.lineSpacing);
+          maybeAdvanceColumn(childH);
+          slide.addText([
+            { text: numPrefix, options: { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+            ...mdRuns(child.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+          ], {
+            x: bulletX(),
+            y: y,
+            w: bulletW,
+            h: childH,
+            lineSpacingMultiple: style.lineSpacing,
+          });
+          y += childH + style.gap;
+        }
+      }
+
+    } else if (item.type === "numbered") {
+      numberedCounter++;
+      const numPrefix = `(${numberedCounter})  `;
+      const text = numPrefix + cleanMd(item.text);
+      const h = estimateTextHeight(text, bulletW, style.bodySize, style.lineSpacing);
+      maybeAdvanceColumn(h);
+      slide.addText([
+        { text: numPrefix, options: { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+        ...mdRuns(item.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: style.bodySize, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+      ], {
+        x: bulletX(),
+        y: y,
+        w: bulletW,
+        h,
+        lineSpacingMultiple: style.lineSpacing,
+      });
+      y += h + style.gap;
+
+    } else if (item.type === "text") {
+      const h = estimateTextHeight(item.text, bulletW, style.bodySize, style.lineSpacing);
+      maybeAdvanceColumn(h);
+      slide.addText(mdRuns(item.text, {
+        fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM,
+        fontSize: style.bodySize,
+        color: "000000",
+        charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING,
+      }), {
+        x: bulletX(),
+        y: y,
+        w: bulletW,
+        h,
+        lineSpacingMultiple: style.lineSpacing,
+      });
+      y += h + style.gap;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return y;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add summary group content as individual shapes.
+ * Uses narrow width (~4.3" for headers, ~4.1" for bullets).
+ */
+function addSummaryShapes(slide, content, region) {
+  let y = region.y || 1.04;
+
+  // Group heading
+  if (content.heading) {
+    slide.addText(mdRuns(content.heading, {
+      fontFace: SEC_HEADER_FONT,
+      fontSize: SEC_HEADER_SIZE,
+      color: SEC_HEADER_COLOR,
+      charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING,
+    }), {
+      x: region.x || 0.39,
+      y: y,
+      w: SUMMARY_HEADER_W,
+      h: SEC_HEADER_H,
+    });
+    y += SEC_HEADER_H + 0.08;
+  }
+
+  // Items
+  if (content.items) {
+    for (const item of content.items) {
+      if (item.type === "section") {
+        // Section header
+        slide.addText(mdRuns(item.heading, {
+          fontFace: SEC_HEADER_FONT,
+          fontSize: SEC_HEADER_SIZE,
+          color: SEC_HEADER_COLOR,
+          charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING,
+        }), {
+          x: region.x || 0.39,
+          y: y,
+          w: SUMMARY_HEADER_W,
+          h: SEC_HEADER_H,
+        });
+        y += SEC_HEADER_H + 0.05;
+
+        // Children as bullet items
+        if (item.children) {
+          for (const child of item.children) {
+            slide.addText([
+              { text: BULLET_PREFIX, options: { fontFace: FONT_BOLD, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: BULLET_COLOR, charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+              ...mdRuns(child.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+            ], {
+              x: 0.59,
+              y: y,
+              w: SUMMARY_BULLET_W,
+              h: SUMMARY_BULLET_H,
+              lineSpacingMultiple: SUMMARY_BULLET_LINE_SPACING,
+            });
+            y += SUMMARY_BULLET_Y_SPACING;
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else if (item.type === "bullet") {
+        slide.addText([
+          { text: BULLET_PREFIX, options: { fontFace: FONT_BOLD, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: BULLET_COLOR, charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+          ...mdRuns(item.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+        ], {
+          x: 0.59,
+          y: y,
+          w: SUMMARY_BULLET_W,
+          h: SUMMARY_BULLET_H,
+          lineSpacingMultiple: SUMMARY_BULLET_LINE_SPACING,
+        });
+        y += SUMMARY_BULLET_Y_SPACING;
+
+        if (item.children) {
+          for (const child of item.children) {
+            slide.addText([
+              { text: BULLET_PREFIX, options: { fontFace: FONT_BOLD, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: BULLET_COLOR, charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+              ...mdRuns(child.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+            ], {
+              x: 0.59,
+              y: y,
+              w: SUMMARY_BULLET_W,
+              h: SUMMARY_BULLET_H,
+              lineSpacingMultiple: SUMMARY_BULLET_LINE_SPACING,
+            });
+            y += SUMMARY_BULLET_Y_SPACING;
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else if (item.type === "numbered") {
+        slide.addText([
+          { text: BULLET_PREFIX, options: { fontFace: FONT_BOLD, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: BULLET_COLOR, charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING } },
+          ...mdRuns(item.text, { fontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, fontSize: SUMMARY_BULLET_SIZE, color: "000000", charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING }),
+        ], {
+          x: 0.59,
+          y: y,
+          w: SUMMARY_BULLET_W,
+          h: SUMMARY_BULLET_H,
+          lineSpacingMultiple: SUMMARY_BULLET_LINE_SPACING,
+        });
+        y += SUMMARY_BULLET_Y_SPACING;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ── TOC rendering (separate shapes per item) ─────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Add TOC items as separate text shapes, matching TEMPLATE-PPTX.pptx exactly.
+ * Each item is: "N.  text" in Pretendard 18pt, w=7.5, h=0.55, spaced 0.65" apart.
+ */
+function addTocShapes(slide, items) {
+  let y = TOC_Y_START;
+  let num = 1;
+
+  for (const item of items) {
+    const text = `${num}.  ${cleanMd(item.text || item.heading || "")}`;
+    slide.addText(text, {
+      x: TOC_X,
+      y: y,
+      w: TOC_W,
+      h: TOC_H,
+      fontFace: TOC_FONT,
+      fontSize: TOC_SIZE,
+      color: TOC_COLOR,
+      charSpacing: CHAR_SPACING,
+    });
+    y += TOC_Y_SPACING;
+    num++;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a slide is a TOC slide by inspecting the title region content.
+ */
+function isTocSlide(regions) {
+  const title = regions.title;
+  if (!title || typeof title.content !== "string") return false;
+  return title.content.includes("목차");
+}
+
+function adjustedRegionsForImageColumn(regions) {
+  const body = regions.body;
+  const image = regions.image;
+  if (!body || !image || !body.content || !image.content) return regions;
+  if (body.content.type !== "body" || !["image", "image-grid"].includes(image.content.type)) return regions;
+
+  const bodyX = body.x || 0;
+  const bodyW = body.w || 10.188;
+  const imageX = image.x || 0;
+  const gap = 0.25;
+  if (imageX <= bodyX || imageX >= bodyX + bodyW) return regions;
+
+  const denseImageGrid = image.content.type === "image-grid" && Array.isArray(image.content.images) && image.content.images.length >= 6;
+  return {
+    ...regions,
+    body: {
+      ...body,
+      w: Math.max(0.5, imageX - bodyX - gap),
+    },
+    image: denseImageGrid ? {
+      ...image,
+      y: Math.min(image.y || 1.5, 1.08),
+      h: Math.max(image.h || 3.0, 5.85),
+    } : image,
+    figure_caption: denseImageGrid && regions.figure_caption ? {
+      ...regions.figure_caption,
+      y: Math.max(regions.figure_caption.y || 4.55, 7.02),
+    } : regions.figure_caption,
+  };
+}
+
+// ── Region rendering ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Add a region as a positioned element on the slide.
+ *
+ * Content types:
+ *   - string:               title, main-box, notes
+ *   - { type: "body" }      bullet/section/numbered items → individual shapes
+ *   - { type: "kpi-table" } table with headers and rows
+ *   - { type: "image" }     image element
+ *   - { type: "figure-caption" } figure caption (auto-numbered "도 N.")
+ *   - { type: "table-caption" }  table caption (auto-numbered "표 N.")
+ *   - { type: "summary-group" }  heading + items → individual shapes
+ */
+function addRegion(slide, name, region, fontRoles, pageH, regionBottom, isToc, sourceDir) {
+  if (!region) return;
+
+  const content = region.content;
+  if (content === undefined || content === null) return;
+  if (typeof content === "object" && !content.type) return;
+
+  const roleName = region.font_role || region.heading_role || region.sub_item_role;
+  const role = fontRoles[roleName] || {};
+
+  // ── String content (title, main-box, notes) ────────────────────────
+  if (typeof content === "string") {
+    if (!content.trim()) return;
+    const opts = {
+      x: region.x || 0,
+      y: region.y || 0,
+      w: region.w || 4,
+      h: region.h || ((regionBottom || (pageH - 0.5)) - (region.y || 0)),
+      fontFace: role.font || FONT_BOLD,
+      fontSize: role.size || 16,
+      color: (role.color || "000000").replace("#", ""),
+      align: region.align || role.align || "left",
+      valign: region.valign || "top",
+    };
+
+    if (role.charSpacing != null) opts.charSpacing = role.charSpacing;
+    if (role.lineSpacing) opts.lineSpacingMultiple = role.lineSpacing;
+
+    // Border (main_box)
+    if (region.border) {
+      opts.line = {
+        color: (region.border.color || "#000000").replace("#", ""),
+        width: region.border.width || 1,
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Autofit
+    if (region.autofit === "resize") opts.autoFit = true;
+    else if (region.autofit === "shrink") opts.shrinkText = true;
+
+    slide.addText(mdRuns(content, {
+      fontFace: opts.fontFace,
+      fontSize: opts.fontSize,
+      color: opts.color,
+      ...(opts.charSpacing != null ? { charSpacing: opts.charSpacing } : {}),
+    }), opts);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // ── Body content → TOC shapes or individual shapes ──────────────────
+  if (content.type === "chart") {
+    slide.addChart(content.chartType === "line" ? "line" : "bar", content.series.map((item) => ({
+      name: item.name, labels: content.labels, values: item.values,
+    })), {
+      x: region.x, y: region.y, w: region.w, h: region.h,
+      catAxisLabelFontFace: FONT_MEDIUM, valAxisLabelFontFace: FONT_MEDIUM,
+      showLegend: content.series.length > 1, showTitle: false,
+      showValue: false, showCatName: false,
+      showBorder: false, showMarker: content.chartType === "line",
+      chartColors: ["1D4ED8", "93C5FD", "0B2E6F", "51607A"],
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+  if (content.type === "body") {
+    if (isToc) {
+      addTocShapes(slide, content.items || []);
+    } else {
+      const startY = region.y || 1.044;
+      addBodyShapes(slide, content.items || [], startY, region.w || 10.188, regionBottom || pageH - 0.5, region.originX);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // ── KPI Table ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (content.type === "kpi-table") {
+    const headerRole = fontRoles[region.font_role_header] || fontRoles.table_header;
+    const dataRole = fontRoles[region.font_role_data] || fontRoles.table_data;
+
+    const tableData = [];
+
+    if (content.headers && content.headers.length > 0) {
+      tableData.push(
+        content.headers.map((h) => ({
+          text: cleanMd(h),
+          options: {
+            bold: false,
+            fontSize: headerRole ? headerRole.size : 14,
+            fontFace: headerRole ? headerRole.font : FONT_BOLD,
+            color: headerRole ? headerRole.color : "000000",
+            align: headerRole ? headerRole.align : "left",
+            valign: "middle",
+            ...(headerRole && headerRole.charSpacing != null
+              ? { charSpacing: headerRole.charSpacing }
+              : {}),
+            ...(headerRole && headerRole.fill
+              ? { fill: { color: headerRole.fill.replace("#", "") } }
+              : {}),
+          },
+        }))
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (content.rows) {
+      for (const row of content.rows) {
+        tableData.push(
+          row.map((cell) => linkedTableCell(cell, {
+              fontSize: dataRole ? dataRole.size : 14,
+              fontFace: dataRole ? dataRole.font : FONT_MEDIUM,
+              color: dataRole ? dataRole.color : "000000",
+              align: dataRole ? dataRole.align : "left",
+              valign: "middle",
+              ...(dataRole && dataRole.charSpacing != null
+                ? { charSpacing: dataRole.charSpacing }
+                : {}),
+            }))
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    const numCols = (content.headers && content.headers.length) || 1;
+    const tblX = region.x || 0;
+    const tblY = region.y || 0;
+    const tblW = region.w || 4;
+    slide.addTable(tableData, {
+      x: tblX,
+      y: tblY,
+      w: tblW,
+      border: { pt: 1.5, color: "000000" },
+      colW: Array(numCols).fill(tblW / numCols),
+      margin: [3.6, 7.2, 3.6, 7.2],
+      rowH: 0.35,
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // ── Image ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (content.type === "image") {
+    const imgPath = resolveImagePath(content.src, sourceDir);
+    const fit = containBox(
+      region.x || 0,
+      region.y || 0,
+      region.w || 2,
+      region.h || 1,
+      readImageSize(imgPath),
+    );
+    slide.addImage({
+      path: imgPath,
+      ...fit,
+      altText: content.caption || path.basename(content.src || imgPath),
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (content.type === "image-grid") {
+    const images = Array.isArray(content.images) ? content.images : [];
+    const count = images.length;
+    if (count === 0) return;
+    const cols = count <= 2 ? count : 2;
+    const rows = Math.ceil(count / cols);
+    const gap = 0.06;
+    const baseX = region.x || 0;
+    const baseY = region.y || 0;
+    const baseW = region.w || 4;
+    const baseH = region.h || 3;
+    const cellW = (baseW - gap * (cols - 1)) / cols;
+    const cellH = (baseH - gap * (rows - 1)) / rows;
+    images.forEach((image, idx) => {
+      const imgPath = resolveImagePath(image.src, sourceDir);
+      const col = idx % cols;
+      const row = Math.floor(idx / cols);
+      const fit = containBox(
+        baseX + col * (cellW + gap),
+        baseY + row * (cellH + gap),
+        cellW,
+        cellH,
+        readImageSize(imgPath),
+      );
+      slide.addImage({
+        path: imgPath,
+        ...fit,
+        altText: image.caption || path.basename(image.src || imgPath),
+      });
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // ── Figure Caption ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (content.type === "figure-caption") {
+    const num = content.number || 1;
+    const prefix = content.prefix || "도";
+    const captionText = content.caption ? `${prefix} ${num}. ${cleanMd(content.caption)}` : `${prefix} ${num}.`;
+    const captionRole = fontRoles.figure_caption || {};
+    const captionW = region.w || 4;
+    const captionSize = captionRole.size || 16;
+    const captionSpacing = captionRole.lineSpacing || 1.3;
+    slide.addText(captionText, {
+      x: region.x || 0,
+      y: region.y || 0,
+      w: captionW,
+      // A caption that wraps needs a box tall enough to hold every line, or it
+      // overflows its frame. The declared region height is the floor, not the cap.
+      h: Math.max(
+        region.h || 0.456,
+        estimateTextHeight(captionText, captionW, captionSize, captionSpacing)
+      ),
+      fontFace: captionRole.font || FONT_MEDIUM,
+      fontSize: captionSize,
+      color: (captionRole.color || "000000").replace("#", ""),
+      align: region.align || captionRole.align || "center",
+      charSpacing: captionRole.charSpacing != null ? captionRole.charSpacing : CHAR_SPACING,
+      lineSpacingMultiple: captionRole.lineSpacing || 1.3,
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // ── Table Caption ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  if (content.type === "table-caption") {
+    const num = content.number || 1;
+    const prefix = content.prefix || "표";
+    const captionText = content.caption ? `${prefix} ${num}. ${cleanMd(content.caption)}` : `${prefix} ${num}.`;
+    const captionRole = fontRoles.table_caption || {};
+    const captionW = region.w || 4;
+    const captionSize = captionRole.size || 16;
+    const captionSpacing = captionRole.lineSpacing || 1.3;
+    slide.addText(captionText, {
+      x: region.x || 0,
+      y: region.y || 0,
+      w: captionW,
+      // Same rule as the figure caption: the declared region height is the
+      // floor, not the cap, or a wrapping caption overflows its frame.
+      h: Math.max(
+        region.h || 0.456,
+        estimateTextHeight(captionText, captionW, captionSize, captionSpacing)
+      ),
+      fontFace: captionRole.font || FONT_MEDIUM,
+      fontSize: captionSize,
+      color: (captionRole.color || "000000").replace("#", ""),
+      align: region.align || captionRole.align || "center",
+      charSpacing: captionRole.charSpacing != null ? captionRole.charSpacing : CHAR_SPACING,
+      lineSpacingMultiple: captionRole.lineSpacing || 1.3,
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // ── Summary Group → individual shapes ──────────────────────────────
+  if (content.type === "summary-group") {
+    addSummaryShapes(slide, content, region);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+// ── AZURE rich rendering (isolated; only used when template.render_style==="azure") ──
+
+/** Split a title string into runs, emphasizing **word** in the primary color. */
+function azureTitleRuns(text, P) {
+  return text.split(/(\*\*[^*]+\*\*)/g).filter(Boolean).map((p) =>
+    p.startsWith("**") && p.endsWith("**")
+      ? { text: p.slice(2, -2), options: { color: hex(P.primary) } }
+      : { text: p, options: {} }
+  );
+}
+
+/** Strip leftover markdown markers (### heading, list dashes, **bold**, `code`)
+ *  from inline text, returning a clean plain string. */
+function cleanMd(s) {
+  return String(s || "")
+    .replace(/^#{1,6}\s+/, "")
+    .replace(/^\s*[*-]\s+/, "")
+    .replace(/\*\*(.+?)\*\*/g, "$1")
+    .replace(/`/g, "")
+    .trim();
+}
+
+/** Convert inline markdown in `text` to pptxgenjs styled runs: **x** → a bold
+ *  run, plain segments → normal runs. Leading heading/list markers and backticks
+ *  are stripped. `runOpts` styles every run; bold runs additionally set bold.
+ *  Guarantees no raw "**", "###", or backtick reaches the rendered <a:t>. */
+function mdRuns(text, runOpts = {}) {
+  const clean = String(text || "")
+    .replace(/^#{1,6}\s+/, "")
+    .replace(/^\s*[*-]\s+/, "")
+    .replace(/`/g, "");
+  const parts = clean.split(/(\*\*[^*]+\*\*)/g).filter((p) => p !== "");
+  if (parts.length === 0) return [{ text: "", options: { ...runOpts } }];
+  return parts.map((p) =>
+    p.startsWith("**") && p.endsWith("**")
+      ? { text: p.slice(2, -2), options: { ...runOpts, bold: true } }
+      : { text: p, options: { ...runOpts } }
+  );
+}
+
+/** Convert body items into up to 4 cards: {heading, lines[]}.
+ *  Handles both authoring styles:
+ *   - `### Title` (parsed as `text`) followed by `- **point**` (a `section`) → one card
+ *     titled by the heading, the section folded into the body.
+ *   - bare `- **Title**` sections → one card each (heading = bold title). */
+function bodyToCards(items) {
+  const cards = [];
+  let cur = null;
+  for (const item of items || []) {
+    if (item.type === "text" && item.text) {
+      cur = { heading: cleanMd(item.text), lines: [] };
+      cards.push(cur);
+    } else if (item.type === "section" || item.type === "bullet") {
+      const head = cleanMd(item.heading || item.text || "");
+      const kids = (item.children || []).map((c) => cleanMd(c.text)).filter(Boolean);
+      if (cur && cur.lines.length === 0 && cur.heading) {
+        // fold this section under the preceding heading card
+        if (head) cur.lines.push(head);
+        kids.forEach((k) => cur.lines.push("  " + k));
+      } else {
+        cur = { heading: head, lines: kids };
+        cards.push(cur);
+      }
+    } else if (item.type === "numbered" && item.text) {
+      if (cur) cur.lines.push(cleanMd(item.text));
+      else { cur = { heading: "", lines: [cleanMd(item.text)] }; cards.push(cur); }
+    }
+  }
+  return cards.slice(0, 4);
+}
+
+/** Draw one rounded card with a numbered chip, heading, and body lines. */
+function drawAzureCard(slide, x, y, w, h, card, idx, P, emphasized) {
+  const bg = emphasized ? hex(P.primary_deep) : hex(P.tint);
+  const headColor = emphasized ? "FFFFFF" : hex(P.ink);
+  const bodyColor = emphasized ? hex(P.emphasisTextColor) : hex(P.ink_muted);
+  slide.addShape("roundRect", { x, y, w, h, rectRadius: 0.16, fill: { color: bg }, line: { type: "none" } });
+  const pad = 0.30;
+  // numbered chip
+  const chip = 0.52;
+  slide.addShape("roundRect", {
+    x: x + pad, y: y + pad, w: chip, h: chip, rectRadius: 0.12,
+    fill: { color: emphasized ? "FFFFFF" : hex(P.primary) }, line: { type: "none" },
+  });
+  // Number sits in a text box whose rect is identical to the chip rect, with
+  // margin:0 and tight line spacing so the numeral reads dead-centre.
+  slide.addText(String(idx + 1).padStart(2, "0"), {
+    x: x + pad, y: y + pad, w: chip, h: chip, align: "center", valign: "middle",
+    fontFace: P.titleFont, fontSize: 15, bold: true,
+    color: emphasized ? hex(P.primary_deep) : "FFFFFF",
+    margin: 0, lineSpacingMultiple: 1,
+  });
+  if (card.heading) {
+    slide.addText(card.heading, {
+      x: x + pad, y: y + pad + chip + 0.18, w: w - 2 * pad, h: 0.4,
+      fontFace: P.titleFont, fontSize: 15, bold: true, color: headColor, align: "left", valign: "top",
+      charSpacing: -0.3,
+    });
+  }
+  const bodyY = y + pad + chip + (card.heading ? 0.62 : 0.18);
+  const bodyH = h - (bodyY - y) - 0.18;
+  if (card.bodyRuns && card.bodyRuns.length) {
+    slide.addText(card.bodyRuns, {
+      x: x + pad, y: bodyY, w: w - 2 * pad, h: bodyH,
+      color: bodyColor, align: "left", valign: "top", lineSpacingMultiple: card.lineSpacing || 1.28, charSpacing: -0.2,
+    });
+  } else if (card.lines && card.lines.length) {
+    // Shrink body font when there are many lines so it never exceeds the frame.
+    const fs = card.lines.length > 4 ? 10.5 : 11.5;
+    slide.addText(card.lines.join("\n"), {
+      x: x + pad, y: bodyY, w: w - 2 * pad, h: bodyH,
+      fontFace: P.bodyFont, fontSize: fs, color: bodyColor, align: "left", valign: "top",
+      lineSpacingMultiple: 1.3, charSpacing: -0.2,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/** Render content/main body as a row of cards. */
+function renderAzureCards(slide, items, region, P) {
+  const cards = bodyToCards(items);
+  if (!cards.length) return;
+  const n = cards.length;
+  const x0 = region.x || 0.6, y0 = region.y || 1.6, w = region.w || 12.1;
+  const h = region.h || 3.0;
+  const gap = 0.28;
+  const cardW = (w - (n - 1) * gap) / n;
+  cards.forEach((c, i) => {
+    drawAzureCard(slide, x0 + i * (cardW + gap), y0, cardW, h, c, i, P, n >= 3 && i === n - 1);
+  });
+}
+
+/** Flatten body/summary items (sections + children + bullets) into styled runs.
+ *  `scale` (≤1) shrinks fonts to fit a fixed card height. */
+function itemsToRuns(items, P, scale = 1) {
+  const s = (v) => Math.max(8, Math.round(v * scale * 10) / 10);
+  const runs = [];
+  for (const it of items || []) {
+    if (it.type === "section") {
+      runs.push({ text: cleanMd(it.heading || ""), options: { bold: true, fontFace: P.titleFont, fontSize: s(12.5), color: hex(P.ink), breakLine: true } });
+      for (const c of it.children || []) {
+        runs.push({ text: "  " + cleanMd(c.text || ""), options: { fontFace: P.bodyFont, fontSize: s(11), color: hex(P.ink_muted), breakLine: true } });
+      }
+    } else if (it.text) {
+      runs.push({ text: (it.type === "numbered" ? "  " : "• ") + cleanMd(it.text), options: { fontFace: P.bodyFont, fontSize: s(11.5), color: hex(P.ink_muted), breakLine: true } });
+    }
+  }
+  return runs;
+}
+
+/** Estimate the rendered height of a group's items at a given font scale,
+ *  using the same conservative metric inventory respects (estimateTextHeight). */
+function estimateGroupHeight(items, innerW, scale, lineSpacing) {
+  let hsum = 0;
+  for (const it of items || []) {
+    if (it.type === "section") {
+      hsum += estimateTextHeight(it.heading || "", innerW, 12.5 * scale, lineSpacing);
+      for (const c of it.children || []) hsum += estimateTextHeight("  " + (c.text || ""), innerW - 0.1, 11 * scale, lineSpacing);
+    } else if (it.text) {
+      hsum += estimateTextHeight(it.text, innerW, 11.5 * scale, lineSpacing);
+    }
+  }
+  return hsum;
+}
+
+/** Render a single summary-group as one card (heading + items, iterative shrink-to-fit). */
+function renderAzureGroupCard(slide, content, region, P, idx) {
+  const w = region.w || 5.6, h = region.h || 2.4;
+  const innerW = w - 0.60;
+  const innerH = h - 0.30 - 0.52 - (content.heading ? 0.62 : 0.18) - 0.18;
+  let scale = 0.55, ls = 1.12;
+  for (const s of [1, 0.92, 0.85, 0.78, 0.72, 0.66, 0.6, 0.55]) {
+    if (estimateGroupHeight(content.items, innerW, s, s < 1 ? 1.12 : 1.28) <= innerH) { scale = s; ls = s < 1 ? 1.12 : 1.28; break; }
+  }
+  const card = {
+    heading: cleanMd(content.heading || ""),
+    bodyRuns: itemsToRuns(content.items, P, scale),
+    lineSpacing: ls,
+  };
+  drawAzureCard(slide, region.x || 0.6, region.y || 1.6, w, h, card, idx, P, false);
+}
+
+/** Render a general data table (palette-styled): primary header, zebra tint rows. */
+function renderAzureTable(slide, content, region, P) {
+  const headers = content.headers || [];
+  const rows = content.rows || [];
+  if (!headers.length) return;
+  const x = region.x || 0.6, y = region.y || 1.6, w = region.w || 6.0;
+  const tableRows = [];
+  tableRows.push(headers.map((h) => ({
+    text: cleanMd(h),
+    options: { bold: true, color: "FFFFFF", fill: { color: hex(P.primary) }, fontFace: P.titleFont, fontSize: 12, align: "left", valign: "middle" },
+  })));
+  rows.forEach((r, ri) => {
+    tableRows.push(r.map((c) => linkedTableCell(c, {
+      color: hex(P.ink), fill: { color: ri % 2 ? "FFFFFF" : hex(P.tint) }, fontFace: P.bodyFont, fontSize: 11.5, align: /^[-+]?\d[\d,.]*(?:%|원|억|만)?$/.test(cleanMd(c)) ? "right" : "left", valign: "middle",
+    })));
+  });
+  slide.addTable(tableRows, {
+    x, y, w, colW: Array(headers.length).fill(w / headers.length),
+    border: { type: "solid", color: hex(P.line), pt: 0.5 }, rowH: 0.4, margin: 0.06, autoPage: false,
+  });
+}
+
+/** Render a kpi-table as a row of KPI cards (value + label); first card filled. */
+function renderAzureKpi(slide, content, region, P) {
+  const cards = kpiCards(content);
+  const values = cards.map((c) => c.value);
+  const labels = cards.map((c) => c.label);
+  const n = Math.min(values.length, 4);
+  if (!n) return;
+  const x0 = region.x || 0.6, y0 = region.y || 1.6, w = region.w || 12.1, h = region.h || 1.7;
+  const gap = 0.26;
+  const cardW = (w - (n - 1) * gap) / n;
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const fill = i === 0;
+    const x = x0 + i * (cardW + gap);
+    slide.addShape("roundRect", {
+      x, y: y0, w: cardW, h, rectRadius: 0.16,
+      fill: { color: fill ? hex(P.primary) : "FFFFFF" },
+      line: fill ? { type: "none" } : { color: hex(P.line), width: 1 },
+    });
+    slide.addText(cleanMd(values[i]), {
+      x: x + 0.28, y: y0 + Math.max(0.20, h * 0.24), w: cardW - 0.56, h: 0.8,
+      fontFace: P.titleFont, fontSize: 30, bold: true,
+      color: fill ? "FFFFFF" : hex(P.primary), align: "left", valign: "middle", charSpacing: -1, margin: 0,
+    });
+    slide.addText(cleanMd(labels[i]).toUpperCase(), {
+      x: x + 0.30, y: y0 + h - 0.5, w: cardW - 0.56, h: 0.32,
+      fontFace: P.bodyFont, fontSize: 9.5, bold: false,
+      color: fill ? hex(P.emphasisTextColor) : hex(P.ink_muted), align: "left", valign: "middle", charSpacing: 0.4, margin: 0,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/** A pipe table reads as KPI in two shapes:
+ *   - TALL: 2 cols of value|label pairs, ≤4 pairs, value cell short/metric-like.
+ *   - WIDE: 3–4 cols, a single data row of short metric values (labels = header).
+ *  Anything else (multi-row, long cells) is a real data table. */
+
+
+/** Normalize a kpi-table into [{value,label}] cards for both KPI shapes. */
+/**
+ * Is there room to draw this as KPI badges?
+ *
+ * A badge stacks a value over a label and reads as one glance, which stops
+ * working the moment the card is narrower than its own words: in a column half
+ * the slide wide, four badges leave 1.4in each and a label like "영업이익" wraps
+ * to one character per line. Below the floor the same data is drawn as a table,
+ * which narrows gracefully.
+ */
+function kpiFits(content, widthIn) {
+  const cards = kpiCards(content).length;
+  return cards > 0 && (widthIn || 0) / cards >= KPI_MIN_CARD_WIDTH_IN;
+}
+
+function kpiCards(content) {
+  const headers = content.headers || [];
+  const rows = content.rows || [];
+  if (headers.length === 2) {
+    return [headers, ...rows].slice(0, 4).map((p) => ({ value: p[0], label: p[1] }));
+  }
+  const row = rows[0] || [];
+  return headers.slice(0, 4).map((lab, i) => ({ value: row[i] != null ? row[i] : "", label: lab }));
+}
+
+/** Azure region dispatch. Returns true if it fully handled the region.
+ *  opts.hasImage = slide also has a populated image region (→ never card the body). */
+function renderAzureRegion(slide, layout, name, region, fontRoles, P, opts = {}) {
+  const content = region.content;
+  if (content == null) return false;
+  if (layout === "cover" && name === "title" && typeof content === "string" && content.includes("**")) {
+    const role = fontRoles.cover_title || {};
+    slide.addText(azureTitleRuns(content, P), {
+      x: region.x || 0, y: region.y || 0, w: region.w || 8, h: region.h || 1,
+      fontFace: role.font || P.titleFont, fontSize: role.size || 48, bold: role.bold !== false,
+      align: role.align || "left", valign: "middle",
+      charSpacing: role.charSpacing != null ? role.charSpacing : -1, lineSpacingMultiple: role.lineSpacing || 1.08,
+    });
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (typeof content === "object") {
+    if (content.type === "body" && (layout === "content" || layout === "main")) {
+      // Cards ONLY for section-structured bodies (≥2 ### sections) with no image.
+      // Prose bullets, or any body sharing the slide with an image, render as a
+      // normal text column (fall through to addRegion) so nothing is cramped.
+      const sections = (content.items || []).filter((i) => i.type === "section");
+      if (sections.length >= 2 && !opts.hasImage) {
+        renderAzureCards(slide, content.items, region, P);
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (content.type === "kpi-table") {
+      if (looksLikeKpi(content) && kpiFits(content, region.w)) {
+        renderAzureKpi(slide, content, region, P);
+      }
+      else renderAzureTable(slide, content, region, P);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (content.type === "summary-group") {
+      const idx = name === "group_bottom" ? 1 : 0;
+      renderAzureGroupCard(slide, content, region, P, idx);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// ── Placements (author-positioned boxes and shapes) ─────────────────────────
+
+/** Region name a placed block should be rendered as. */
+function partRegionName(blockType) {
+  switch (blockType) {
+    case "title": return "title";
+    case "kpi-table": return "table";
+    case "image": return "image";
+    case "figure-caption": return "figure_caption";
+    case "table-caption": return "table_caption";
+    default: return "body";
+  }
+}
+
+/** font_role a placed block falls back to when its box names none. */
+function defaultPartRole(blockType) {
+  switch (blockType) {
+    case "title": return "section_title";
+    case "figure-caption": return "figure_caption";
+    case "table-caption": return "table_caption";
+    case "notes": return "disclaimer";
+    default: return "body_text";
+  }
+}
+
+function estimatePartHeight(content, widthIn, role) {
+  const size = role.size || 13;
+  const spacing = role.lineSpacing || 1.3;
+  if (typeof content === "string") {
+    return estimateTextHeight(content, widthIn, size, spacing) + 0.08;
+  }
+  if (content && content.type === "body") {
+    const text = (content.items || []).map((i) => i.heading || i.text || "").join("\n");
+    return estimateTextHeight(text, widthIn, size, spacing) + 0.12;
+  }
+  return 0.5;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Turn a shape placement into the decoration element addDecorations reads.
+ *
+ * A rule is drawn as a zero-height rect whose stroke is the visible mark, so it
+ * reads its colour and thickness from `color`/`width` while every other
+ * primitive reads `line`/`line_width`. Authors write one spelling — `line=` and
+ * `lw=` — and the difference is absorbed here.
+ */
+function shapeToDecoration(placement, sourceDir) {
+  const isRule = placement.shape === "line";
+  const element = {
+    type: placement.shape,
+    x: placement.x, y: placement.y, w: placement.w, h: placement.h,
+  };
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(placement)) {
+    if (["kind", "z", "shape", "x", "y", "w", "h"].includes(key)) continue;
+    if (key === "lw") element[isRule ? "width" : "line_width"] = value;
+    else if (key === "line" && isRule) element.color = value;
+    else if (key === "src") element.assetPath = resolveImagePath(value, sourceDir);
+    else element[key] = value;
+  }
+  return element;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Render one placed box by flowing its blocks down the box.
+ *
+ * Every block but the last takes the height its content needs; the last takes
+ * whatever is left, so a heading followed by body fills the box rather than
+ * floating in its top edge. Nothing here consults the auto-nudge rules: a box
+ * lands exactly where the author put it, and the QA gate reports the consequence.
+ */
+function renderPlacementBox(slide, placement, ctx) {
+  const blocks = placement.blocks || [];
+  if (blocks.length === 0) return;
+
+  // Columns replace the body region, so they render in the template's own idiom.
+  // An explicit box is literal: the author asked for this content, here.
+  const useRich = ctx.rich && placement.z === "content";
+  const bottom = placement.y + (placement.h != null ? placement.h : 1.0);
+  let y = placement.y;
+
+  blocks.forEach((block, i) => {
+    const remaining = Math.max(0.2, bottom - y);
+    const roleName = placement.role || defaultPartRole(block.type);
+    const role = ctx.fontRoles[roleName] || {};
+    const content = extractContent(block);
+    const isLast = i === blocks.length - 1;
+    const h = isLast
+      ? remaining
+      : Math.min(remaining, Math.max(0.2, estimatePartHeight(content, placement.w, role)));
+
+    const region = {
+      x: placement.x, y, w: placement.w, h,
+      content,
+      font_role: roleName,
+      originX: placement.x,
+      ...(placement.align ? { align: placement.align } : {}),
+      ...(placement.valign ? { valign: placement.valign } : {}),
+    };
+
+    const name = partRegionName(block.type);
+    const rendered = useRich &&
+      renderAzureRegion(slide, ctx.layout, name, region, ctx.fontRoles, ctx.P, {});
+    if (!rendered) {
+      addRegion(slide, name, region, ctx.fontRoles, ctx.pageH, y + h, false, ctx.sourceDir);
+    }
+    y += h;
+  });
+}
+
+function renderPlacements(slide, placements, band, ctx) {
+  for (const placement of placements) {
+    if (placement.z !== band) continue;
+    if (placement.kind === "shape") {
+      addDecorations(slide, [shapeToDecoration(placement, ctx.sourceDir)], ctx.slideIndex, ctx.fontRoles);
+    } else {
+      renderPlacementBox(slide, placement, ctx);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ── Main render function ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/**
+ * Render the full resolved spec to a PPTX file.
+ *
+ * @param {object} resolved - Resolved spec from layout-resolver
+ * @param {object} templateObj - Template object from template-registry
+ * @param {string} outputPath - Where to write the .pptx file
+ * @returns {Promise<string>} Resolves with the output path
+ */
+async function render(resolved, templateObj, outputPath) {
+  const fontRoles = buildFontRoles(templateObj);
+
+  // Derive font, spacing, and accent from the template, with neutral defaults.
+  const tpl = (templateObj && templateObj.template) || {};
+  const tplFonts = tpl.fonts || {};
+  const tplType = tpl.global_typography || {};
+  FONT_BOLD = tplFonts.title || "Pretendard";
+  FONT_MEDIUM = tplFonts.body || "Pretendard";
+  FONT_LIGHT = tplFonts.light || "Pretendard";
+  CHAR_SPACING = tplType.char_spacing != null ? tplType.char_spacing : -0.7;
+  BULLET_FONT = FONT_BOLD;
+  SEC_HEADER_FONT = FONT_BOLD;
+  TOC_FONT = FONT_BOLD;
+  BULLET_COLOR = (tplType.bullet_color || "00AE41").replace("#", "");
+  SECTION_ACCENT = (tplType.section_accent || "00AE41").replace("#", "");
+
+  // Rich card, KPI, and divider colors come from the template palette.
+  const rich = tpl.render_style === "azure";
+  const pal = tpl.palette || {};
+  const P = {
+    titleFont: FONT_BOLD, bodyFont: FONT_MEDIUM,
+    primary: pal.primary || "#1D4ED8", primary_deep: pal.primary_deep || "#0B2E6F",
+    ink: pal.ink || "#0E1B2C", ink_muted: pal.ink_muted || "#51607A",
+    tint: pal.tint || "#EEF4FF", line: pal.line || "#D5DEEC", azure_soft: pal.azure_soft || "#93C5FD",
+    emphasisTextColor: pal.emphasis_text || "#C9D8F5",
+  };
+
+  const dims =
+    (templateObj && templateObj.template && templateObj.template.dimensions) || {};
+  const pageW = dims.width || 10.833;
+  const pageH = dims.height || 7.5;
+
+  const pptx = new PptxGenJS();
+  pptx.defineLayout({ name: "A4_LANDSCAPE", width: pageW, height: pageH });
+  pptx.layout = "A4_LANDSCAPE";
+
+  const title = (resolved.deck && resolved.deck.title) || "Presentation";
+  pptx.title = title;
+  const sourceDir = resolved.sourceDir;
+  const cramStress = isCramStressDeck(resolved);
+
+  for (const slideSpec of resolved.slides || []) {
+    const slide = pptx.addSlide();
+
+    // Draw order is a band at a time: template decorations, then anything the
+    // author put under the content, then the template's regions, then the
+    // columns that replaced the body, then anything sitting on top.
+    addDecorations(slide, slideSpec.decorations, slideSpec.index, fontRoles);
+
+    const placements = slideSpec.placements || [];
+    const placementCtx = {
+      rich, P, fontRoles, pageH, sourceDir,
+      layout: slideSpec.layout,
+      slideIndex: slideSpec.index,
+    };
+    renderPlacements(slide, placements, "under", placementCtx);
+
+    const regions = adjustedRegionsForImageColumn(slideSpec.regions || {});
+    if (cramStress && ["content", "main"].includes(slideSpec.layout) && regions.body) {
+      renderCramStressSlide(slide, { ...slideSpec, regions }, pageW, pageH, sourceDir);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate bottom boundary for regions without explicit h
+    const bottomBoundary = {};
+    for (const [name, region] of Object.entries(regions)) {
+      let bottom = pageH - 0.5;
+      for (const [otherName, otherRegion] of Object.entries(regions)) {
+        if (otherName === name || otherName === "title") continue;
+        if (name === "body" && ["image", "figure_caption"].includes(otherName)) continue;
+        if (otherRegion.y && otherRegion.y > (region.y || 0) && otherRegion.h) {
+          const candidateBottom = otherRegion.y - 0.15;
+          if (candidateBottom < bottom) bottom = candidateBottom;
+        }
+      }
+      bottomBoundary[name] = bottom;
+    }
+
+    const tocSlide = isTocSlide(regions);
+    const hasImage = Object.entries(regions).some(([n, r]) =>
+      (n === "image" || n === "figure") && r.content &&
+      (r.content.type === "image" || r.content.type === "image-grid"));
+
+    for (const [name, region] of Object.entries(regions)) {
+      if (rich && renderAzureRegion(slide, slideSpec.layout, name, region, fontRoles, P, { hasImage })) continue;
+      addRegion(slide, name, region, fontRoles, pageH, bottomBoundary[name], tocSlide, sourceDir);
+    }
+
+    renderPlacements(slide, placements, "content", placementCtx);
+    renderPlacements(slide, placements, "over", placementCtx);
+  }
+
+  await pptx.writeFile({ fileName: outputPath });
+  return outputPath;
+}
+
+module.exports = { render };