@linkup-ai/abap-ai 2.0.0

package/dist/knowledge/abap/abap-dictionary.md

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+# ABAP Dictionary — domains, data elements, table types, structures, tables
+
+## Domain (DOMA)
+
+```abap
+" Defines technical attributes + value range
+" Created in ADT or SE11
+
+" Key properties:
+" - Data type (CHAR, NUMC, DEC, CURR, QUAN, DATS, TIMS, INT4, STRING, etc.)
+" - Length / decimals
+" - Fixed values (value list)
+" - Conversion routine (ALPHA, MATN1, CUNIT, etc.)
+```
+
+### Common data types for domains
+
+| Type | Description | Example |
+|------|-------------|---------|
+| `CHAR(n)` | Character | Status (1), Name (40) |
+| `NUMC(n)` | Numeric text | Order number (10) |
+| `DEC(n,d)` | Packed decimal | Amount (15,2) |
+| `CURR(n,d)` | Currency amount | Price (17,2) — needs currency reference |
+| `QUAN(n,d)` | Quantity | Weight (13,3) — needs unit reference |
+| `DATS` | Date (8) | YYYYMMDD |
+| `TIMS` | Time (6) | HHMMSS |
+| `INT4` | Integer (4 bytes) | Counter |
+| `STRING` | Variable length | Long text |
+| `RAWSTRING` | Variable binary | File content |
+| `CUKY(5)` | Currency key | EUR, USD |
+| `UNIT(3)` | Unit of measure | KG, PC |
+
+### Conversion routines
+
+| Routine | Effect | Example |
+|---------|--------|---------|
+| `ALPHA` | Leading zeros | 1234 ↔ 0000001234 |
+| `MATN1` | Material number | 123 ↔ 000000000000000123 |
+| `CUNIT` | Unit of measure | KG ↔ KG (ISO conversion) |
+| `ISOLA` | Language | EN ↔ E |
+
+## Data Element (DTEL)
+
+```abap
+" Links domain to semantic meaning
+" Provides: field labels (short, medium, long, heading), F1 help, search help
+
+" Key properties:
+" - Domain reference (technical type) OR direct type specification
+" - Labels: Short (10), Medium (20), Long (40), Heading (55)
+" - Documentation (F1 help)
+" - Search help attachment
+```
+
+### Built-in data elements for RAP
+
+| Data Element | Type | Usage |
+|---|---|---|
+| `abp_creation_user` | CHAR 12 | @Semantics.user.createdBy |
+| `abp_creation_tstmpl` | TIMESTAMPL | @Semantics.systemDateTime.createdAt |
+| `abp_locinst_lastchange_user` | CHAR 12 | @Semantics.user.localInstanceLastChangedBy |
+| `abp_locinst_lastchange_tstmpl` | TIMESTAMPL | @Semantics.systemDateTime.localInstanceLastChangedAt |
+| `abp_lastchange_tstmpl` | TIMESTAMPL | @Semantics.systemDateTime.lastChangedAt |
+
+## Structure (TABL type S)
+
+```abap
+" Flat structure — defined in ADT as TABL with category Structure
+define structure zs_address {
+  street  : abap.char(60);
+  city    : abap.char(40);
+  zipcode : abap.char(10);
+  country : abap.char(3);
+}
+
+" In ABAP code — inline structure type
+TYPES: BEGIN OF zts_order_item,
+         order_id TYPE numc10,
+         item_no  TYPE numc6,
+         material TYPE matnr,
+         quantity TYPE menge_d,
+         price    TYPE netwr,
+       END OF zts_order_item.
+```
+
+## Table Type (TTYP)
+
+```abap
+" Standard table type
+define table type ztt_order_items {
+  type: zs_order_item;
+  tableCategory: STANDARD;
+  key: order_id, item_no;
+}
+
+" In ABAP code
+TYPES ztt_items TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF zts_order_item WITH DEFAULT KEY.
+TYPES ztt_items_sorted TYPE SORTED TABLE OF zts_order_item WITH UNIQUE KEY order_id item_no.
+TYPES ztt_items_hashed TYPE HASHED TABLE OF zts_order_item WITH UNIQUE KEY order_id item_no.
+```
+
+## Transparent Table (TABL type T)
+
+```abap
+@EndUserText.label : 'Order Header'
+@AbapCatalog.enhancement.category : #NOT_EXTENSIBLE
+@AbapCatalog.tableCategory : #TRANSPARENT
+@AbapCatalog.deliveryClass : #A
+@AbapCatalog.dataMaintenance : #RESTRICTED
+define table ztab_order {
+  key client   : abap.clnt not null;
+  key order_id : abap.numc(10) not null;
+  customer_id  : kunnr;
+  order_date   : abap.dats;
+  @AbapCatalog.currency.currencyCode : 'ztab_order.currency_code'
+  total_amount : abap.curr(17,2);
+  currency_code : abap.cuky(5);
+  status       : abap.char(1);
+  description  : abap.char(256);
+  created_by   : abp_creation_user;
+  created_at   : abp_creation_tstmpl;
+  last_changed_by : abp_locinst_lastchange_user;
+  last_changed_at : abp_locinst_lastchange_tstmpl;
+  local_last_changed_at : abp_lastchange_tstmpl;
+}
+```
+
+### Delivery Class
+
+| Class | Description | Use |
+|:-----:|-------------|-----|
+| `A` | Application table | Custom data (default for Z tables) |
+| `C` | Customizing | Config maintained by user |
+| `L` | Temporary | Transient data, no transport |
+| `G` | Customizing (protected) | System config |
+| `S` | System table | SAP internal |
+
+### Table Category
+
+| Category | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `#TRANSPARENT` | Regular DB table |
+| `#STRUCTURE` | No DB persistence |
+| `#APPEND` | Append structure |
+| `#GLOBAL_TEMPORARY` | Session-scoped temp table |
+
+## CURR/QUAN Reference Annotations
+
+```abap
+" CURR must reference CUKY field
+@AbapCatalog.currency.currencyCode : 'ztab_order.currency_code'
+total_amount : abap.curr(17,2);
+currency_code : abap.cuky(5);
+
+" QUAN must reference UNIT field
+@AbapCatalog.quantity.unitOfMeasure : 'ztab_order.unit'
+weight : abap.quan(13,3);
+unit : abap.unit(3);
+```
+
+## CDS View Entity — Consuming DDIC
+
+```abap
+@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
+define view entity ZI_Order as select from ztab_order
+{
+  key order_id as OrderID,
+      customer_id as CustomerID,
+      order_date as OrderDate,
+      @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'CurrencyCode'
+      total_amount as TotalAmount,
+      currency_code as CurrencyCode,
+      status as Status,
+      @Semantics.user.createdBy: true
+      created_by as CreatedBy,
+      @Semantics.systemDateTime.createdAt: true
+      created_at as CreatedAt
+}
+```
+
+## Rules
+- CURR fields MUST have `@AbapCatalog.currency.currencyCode` referencing CUKY field
+- QUAN fields MUST have `@AbapCatalog.quantity.unitOfMeasure` referencing UNIT field
+- RAP tables: always include 5 admin fields (created_by/at, last_changed_by/at, local_last_changed_at)
+- Use delivery class A for custom application tables
+- Key fields: always include `client : abap.clnt not null` as first key for client-dependent tables
+- Use NUMC for business keys (order numbers, document numbers) — enables ALPHA conversion
+- Use data elements (not direct types) for reusable fields — provides labels + search helps
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+| Anti-Pattern | Correct |
+|---|---|
+| CURR field without CUKY reference | Always pair with `@AbapCatalog.currency.currencyCode` |
+| QUAN field without UNIT reference | Always pair with `@AbapCatalog.quantity.unitOfMeasure` |
+| RAP table without admin fields | Include all 5 timestamp/user fields |
+| `abap.char(1)` for boolean | Use `abap_boolean` or domain with X/'' values |
+| Delivery class L for persistent data | Use A (application data) or C (customizing) |
+| Missing `not null` on key fields | All key fields must be `not null` |
+| Client field missing from table | Include `key client : abap.clnt not null` for client-dependent |

package/dist/knowledge/abap/abap-sql.md

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+# ABAP SQL — SELECT, JOIN, CTE, aggregation, DML
+
+## Basic SELECT
+
+```abap
+" Single row
+SELECT SINGLE * FROM ztab_orders INTO @DATA(zs_order) WHERE order_id = '1000'.
+
+" Into internal table
+SELECT * FROM ztab_orders INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_orders).
+
+" Specific fields with alias
+SELECT order_id AS id, customer, amount
+  FROM ztab_orders
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_result).
+
+" UP TO n ROWS + OFFSET (paging)
+SELECT * FROM ztab_orders
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_page)
+  UP TO 20 ROWS OFFSET 40.
+
+" DISTINCT
+SELECT DISTINCT category FROM ztab_orders INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_cats).
+
+" Calculated fields
+SELECT order_id, price * quantity AS total
+  FROM ztab_items
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_totals).
+```
+
+## WHERE Conditions
+
+```abap
+" Comparison
+WHERE amount > 1000
+WHERE status <> 'D'
+
+" BETWEEN
+WHERE created_at BETWEEN '20250101' AND '20251231'
+
+" IN list
+WHERE status IN ( 'A', 'B', 'C' )
+
+" LIKE pattern
+WHERE name LIKE 'SAP%'        " Starts with
+WHERE name LIKE '%GmbH'       " Ends with
+WHERE code LIKE 'A_C'         " Single char wildcard
+
+" NULL handling
+WHERE description IS NOT NULL
+WHERE field IS NOT INITIAL
+
+" Combined
+WHERE ( status = 'A' OR status = 'B' ) AND amount >= 100
+```
+
+## FOR ALL ENTRIES
+
+```abap
+" MUST check IS NOT INITIAL — empty table returns ALL rows
+IF zt_keys IS NOT INITIAL.
+  SELECT * FROM ztab_orders
+    FOR ALL ENTRIES IN @zt_keys
+    WHERE order_id = @zt_keys-order_id
+      AND item_no  = @zt_keys-item_no
+    INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_matched).
+ENDIF.
+```
+
+## JOIN Operations
+
+```abap
+" INNER JOIN
+SELECT o~order_id, o~customer, c~name
+  FROM ztab_orders AS o
+  INNER JOIN ztab_customers AS c ON o~customer = c~customer_id
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_joined).
+
+" LEFT OUTER JOIN — all from left, NULL if no match
+SELECT o~order_id, i~item_no, i~description
+  FROM ztab_orders AS o
+  LEFT OUTER JOIN ztab_items AS i ON o~order_id = i~order_id
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_left).
+
+" Multiple JOINs
+SELECT o~order_id, c~name, i~description
+  FROM ztab_orders AS o
+  INNER JOIN ztab_customers AS c ON o~customer = c~customer_id
+  INNER JOIN ztab_items AS i ON o~order_id = i~order_id
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_full).
+```
+
+## Aggregate Functions
+
+```abap
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ztab_orders INTO @DATA(lv_count).
+
+SELECT customer,
+       COUNT(*)          AS order_count,
+       SUM( amount )     AS total_amount,
+       AVG( amount )     AS avg_amount,
+       MIN( created_at ) AS first_order,
+       MAX( created_at ) AS last_order
+  FROM ztab_orders
+  GROUP BY customer
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_stats).
+
+" HAVING — filter on aggregates
+SELECT customer, COUNT(*) AS cnt
+  FROM ztab_orders
+  GROUP BY customer
+  HAVING COUNT(*) > 5
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_frequent).
+```
+
+## Subqueries
+
+```abap
+" EXISTS
+SELECT * FROM ztab_customers AS c
+  WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM ztab_orders AS o
+                  WHERE o~customer = c~customer_id )
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_with_orders).
+
+" NOT EXISTS
+SELECT * FROM ztab_customers AS c
+  WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM ztab_orders AS o
+                      WHERE o~customer = c~customer_id )
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_no_orders).
+
+" IN subquery
+SELECT * FROM ztab_customers
+  WHERE customer_id IN ( SELECT customer FROM ztab_orders
+                          WHERE amount > 10000 )
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_big_spenders).
+
+" Scalar subquery
+SELECT customer,
+       ( SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ztab_orders AS o
+          WHERE o~customer = c~customer_id ) AS order_count
+  FROM ztab_customers AS c
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_with_counts).
+```
+
+## Common Table Expressions (CTE)
+
+```abap
+WITH
+  +orders AS (
+    SELECT customer, COUNT(*) AS cnt, SUM( amount ) AS total
+      FROM ztab_orders
+      GROUP BY customer ),
+  +customers AS (
+    SELECT customer_id, name
+      FROM ztab_customers )
+SELECT c~name, o~cnt, o~total
+  FROM +orders AS o
+  INNER JOIN +customers AS c ON o~customer = c~customer_id
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_report).
+```
+
+## CASE Expressions
+
+```abap
+SELECT order_id,
+       CASE status
+         WHEN 'A' THEN 'Active'
+         WHEN 'C' THEN 'Closed'
+         ELSE 'Unknown'
+       END AS status_text,
+       CASE
+         WHEN amount < 100  THEN 'Small'
+         WHEN amount < 1000 THEN 'Medium'
+         ELSE 'Large'
+       END AS size_category
+  FROM ztab_orders
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_classified).
+```
+
+## SQL Functions
+
+```abap
+" String
+SELECT CONCAT_WITH_SPACE( first_name, last_name, 1 ) AS full_name,
+       UPPER( name ) AS upper_name,
+       SUBSTRING( code, 1, 3 ) AS prefix,
+       LENGTH( description ) AS desc_len,
+       REPLACE( text, 'old', 'new' ) AS replaced,
+       LPAD( id, 10, '0' ) AS padded_id
+  FROM ztab_data INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_str).
+
+" Numeric
+SELECT ABS( amount ) AS absolute,
+       ROUND( price, 2 ) AS rounded,
+       CEIL( value ) AS ceiling,
+       FLOOR( value ) AS floored,
+       MOD( number, 10 ) AS remainder
+  FROM ztab_data INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_num).
+
+" Date
+SELECT DATS_DAYS_BETWEEN( date1, date2 ) AS diff,
+       DATS_ADD_DAYS( created_at, 30 ) AS due_date,
+       EXTRACT_YEAR( created_at ) AS year
+  FROM ztab_data INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_dates).
+
+" COALESCE — NULL handling
+SELECT COALESCE( description, 'N/A' ) AS desc
+  FROM ztab_data INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_null).
+```
+
+## ORDER BY
+
+```abap
+SELECT * FROM ztab_orders
+  ORDER BY customer ASCENDING, amount DESCENDING
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_sorted).
+
+SELECT customer, COUNT(*) AS cnt
+  FROM ztab_orders
+  GROUP BY customer
+  ORDER BY cnt DESCENDING
+  INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_ranked).
+```
+
+## DML — INSERT, UPDATE, MODIFY, DELETE
+
+```abap
+" INSERT
+INSERT ztab_orders FROM @zs_order.
+INSERT ztab_orders FROM TABLE @zt_orders.
+
+" UPDATE
+UPDATE ztab_orders SET status = 'C' WHERE order_id = '1000'.
+UPDATE ztab_orders FROM @zs_order.
+UPDATE ztab_orders FROM TABLE @zt_orders.
+
+" MODIFY — INSERT or UPDATE by key
+MODIFY ztab_orders FROM @zs_order.
+MODIFY ztab_orders FROM TABLE @zt_orders.
+
+" DELETE
+DELETE FROM ztab_orders WHERE status = 'D'.
+DELETE ztab_orders FROM TABLE @zt_del_keys.
+```
+
+## INDICATORS for Partial Updates
+
+```abap
+DATA zs_upd TYPE ztab_orders.
+DATA zs_ind TYPE ztab_orders_indicators.
+
+zs_upd-order_id = '1000'.
+zs_upd-status = 'C'.
+zs_ind-status = abap_true.
+
+UPDATE ztab_orders FROM @zs_upd INDICATORS SET STRUCTURE zs_ind.
+```
+
+## PACKAGE SIZE
+
+```abap
+SELECT * FROM ztab_orders INTO TABLE @DATA(zt_chunk) PACKAGE SIZE 1000.
+  " Process chunk
+  CLEAR zt_chunk.
+ENDSELECT.
+```
+
+---
+
+## Rules
+
+- Always SELECT only needed fields — avoid `SELECT *` in production
+- Always check `IS NOT INITIAL` before FOR ALL ENTRIES
+- Use JOINs instead of nested SELECTs or SELECT in LOOP
+- Use aggregate functions in SQL, not in ABAP after SELECT
+- Use CTE for complex multi-step queries
+- Use `@DATA(...)` inline declarations for results
+- Use PACKAGE SIZE for processing millions of rows
+- Escape host variables with `@` in new ABAP SQL syntax
+- Use COALESCE for NULL-safe field access in outer joins
+- Use ORDER BY in SQL when possible, avoid SORT after SELECT
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+| Anti-Pattern | Correct Approach |
+|---|---|
+| `SELECT * FROM dbtab` in production | `SELECT field1, field2 FROM dbtab` |
+| `SELECT ... ENDSELECT` (row-by-row) | `SELECT ... INTO TABLE @itab` |
+| SELECT inside LOOP | Use JOIN or FOR ALL ENTRIES |
+| FOR ALL ENTRIES without empty check | `IF itab IS NOT INITIAL` before SELECT |
+| `SELECT ... ORDER BY` then `SORT itab` | ORDER BY in SQL is sufficient |
+| Aggregating in ABAP (LOOP + sum) | `SELECT SUM( field )` in SQL |
+| `SELECT COUNT(*) ... WHERE` to check existence | `SELECT SINGLE @abap_true ... INTO @DATA(lv_exists)` |
+| Using `MODIFY dbtab` when only UPDATE needed | Use UPDATE for explicit intent |
+| Missing `@` escape for host variables | Always use `@` in new syntax |
+| `DELETE FROM dbtab` without WHERE (deletes all) | Always add WHERE clause |