@ldclabs/kip-lang 0.3.1 → 2.0.0

package/src/formatter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1339 @@
+import { tokenize } from './lexer.js'
+import { parse } from './parser.js'
+import { diagnose } from './diagnostics.js'
+import { Token, TokenType } from './token.js'
+import type {
+  BaseNode,
+  Program,
+  Statement,
+  MutationClause,
+  FindStatement,
+  AsOfClause,
+  OrderByClause,
+  LimitClause,
+  CursorClause,
+  WhereClause,
+  WherePattern,
+  PropositionTuple,
+  Term,
+  RawPredicateExpression,
+  PredicateAtom,
+  ObjectPattern,
+  MutateStatement,
+  CreateConceptStatement,
+  UpsertConceptStatement,
+  EnsurePropositionStatement,
+  AssertStatement,
+  CreateEvidenceStatement,
+  CreateAssertionStatement,
+  CreateActivityStatement,
+  SetFacetClause,
+  SetStructuralClause,
+  UnsetStructuralClause,
+  UnsetAttributesClause,
+  UnsetFacetClause,
+  UpdateStatement,
+  UpdateAction,
+  RetractAssertionStatement,
+  SupersedeAssertionStatement,
+  CorrectEvidenceStatement,
+  TransitionActivityStatement,
+  SetRetentionStatement,
+  ArchiveStatement,
+  TombstoneStatement,
+  PurgeStatement,
+  MergeConceptStatement,
+  DescribeStatement,
+  ListStatement,
+  SearchStatement,
+  VerifyStatement,
+  ValidateStatement,
+  PreviewStatement,
+  HistoryStatement,
+  ChangesStatement,
+  SnapshotStatement,
+  ExportCapsuleStatement,
+  Expression,
+  ScalarValue,
+  SchemaSymbol,
+  TargetRef,
+  ObjectEntry,
+  ObjectLiteral
+} from './ast.js'
+
+export interface FormatOptions {
+  /** Number of spaces per indentation level (default: 4) */
+  indentSize?: number
+  /**
+   * Alphabetically sort keys inside `SET ATTRIBUTES` (default: false).
+   * Author key order is preserved by default; sorting is skipped for any block
+   * that contains comments, since reordering would detach a comment from its key.
+   */
+  sortAttributes?: boolean
+}
+
+export function format(source: string, options?: FormatOptions): string {
+  const opts: Required<FormatOptions> = {
+    indentSize: options?.indentSize ?? 4,
+    sortAttributes: options?.sortAttributes ?? false
+  }
+
+  const firstError = diagnose(source).find((d) => d.severity === 'error')
+  if (firstError) {
+    throw new Error(`Cannot format invalid KIP: ${firstError.message}`)
+  }
+
+  const tokens = tokenize(source)
+  const { ast } = parse(source)
+
+  const formatter = new Formatter(opts, tokens)
+  return formatter.formatProgram(ast)
+}
+
+interface CommentInfo {
+  line: number
+  column: number
+  text: string
+}
+
+class Formatter {
+  private opts: Required<FormatOptions>
+  private comments: CommentInfo[]
+  private commentIdx: number = 0
+  private output: string = ''
+  private indentLevel: number = 0
+
+  constructor(opts: Required<FormatOptions>, tokens: Token[]) {
+    this.opts = opts
+    this.comments = tokens
+      .filter((t) => t.type === TokenType.Comment)
+      .map((t) => ({ line: t.line, column: t.column, text: t.value }))
+  }
+
+  /** Emit all comments whose source line < beforeLine */
+  private emitCommentsBefore(beforeLine: number): void {
+    while (
+      this.commentIdx < this.comments.length &&
+      this.comments[this.commentIdx]!.line < beforeLine
+    ) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(this.comments[this.commentIdx]!.text)
+      this.newline()
+      this.commentIdx++
+    }
+  }
+
+  private emitRemainingComments(): void {
+    while (this.commentIdx < this.comments.length) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(this.comments[this.commentIdx]!.text)
+      this.newline()
+      this.commentIdx++
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * True if an un-emitted comment lies within a node spanning
+   * [startLine, endLine]. Used to keep a block multi-line so interior
+   * comments can be preserved at their position rather than relocated.
+   */
+  private hasPendingCommentInRange(startLine: number, endLine: number): boolean {
+    for (let i = this.commentIdx; i < this.comments.length; i++) {
+      const line = this.comments[i]!.line
+      if (line > endLine) break
+      if (line >= startLine) return true
+    }
+    return false
+  }
+
+  formatProgram(program: Program): string {
+    this.output = ''
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < program.statements.length; i++) {
+      const stmt = program.statements[i]!
+      // Separate statements with exactly one blank line.
+      if (i > 0) this.newline()
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(stmt.range.start.line)
+      this.formatStatement(stmt)
+    }
+
+    this.emitRemainingComments()
+    return this.output.trimEnd() + '\n'
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  Statement dispatch
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private formatStatement(stmt: Statement): void {
+    switch (stmt.kind) {
+      case 'FindStatement':
+        this.formatFind(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'MutateStatement':
+        this.formatMutate(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'DescribeStatement':
+        this.formatDescribe(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'ListStatement':
+        this.formatList(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'SearchStatement':
+        this.formatSearch(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'VerifyStatement':
+        this.formatVerify(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'ValidateStatement':
+        this.formatValidate(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'PreviewStatement':
+        this.formatPreview(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'HistoryStatement':
+        this.formatHistory(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'ChangesStatement':
+        this.formatChanges(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'SnapshotStatement':
+        this.formatSnapshot(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'ExportCapsuleStatement':
+        this.formatExport(stmt)
+        break
+      default:
+        this.formatMutationClause(stmt)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private formatMutationClause(stmt: MutationClause): void {
+    switch (stmt.kind) {
+      case 'CreateConceptStatement':
+        this.formatCreateConcept(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'UpsertConceptStatement':
+        this.formatUpsertConcept(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'EnsurePropositionStatement':
+        this.formatEnsureProposition(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'AssertStatement':
+        this.formatAssert(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'CreateEvidenceStatement':
+        this.formatRecordCreate('EVIDENCE', stmt)
+        break
+      case 'CreateAssertionStatement':
+        this.formatRecordCreate('ASSERTION', stmt)
+        break
+      case 'CreateActivityStatement':
+        this.formatRecordCreate('ACTIVITY', stmt)
+        break
+      case 'UpdateStatement':
+        this.formatUpdate(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'RetractAssertionStatement':
+        this.formatRetract(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'SupersedeAssertionStatement':
+        this.formatSupersede(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'CorrectEvidenceStatement':
+        this.formatCorrect(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'TransitionActivityStatement':
+        this.formatTransition(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'SetRetentionStatement':
+        this.formatSetRetention(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'ArchiveStatement':
+        this.formatRemoval('ARCHIVE', stmt)
+        break
+      case 'TombstoneStatement':
+        this.formatRemoval('TOMBSTONE', stmt)
+        break
+      case 'PurgeStatement':
+        this.formatPurge(stmt)
+        break
+      case 'MergeConceptStatement':
+        this.formatMerge(stmt)
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  KQL
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private formatFind(stmt: FindStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('FIND(')
+    this.write(stmt.projections.map((p) => this.expr(p)).join(', '))
+    this.write(')')
+    this.newline()
+
+    this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+
+    if (stmt.asOf) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(this.asOfToString(stmt.asOf))
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    if (stmt.forTime) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`FOR TIME ${this.scalar(stmt.forTime.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    if (stmt.epistemic) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write('WITH EPISTEMIC ')
+      this.formatObjectBlock(stmt.epistemic.options, false)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    if (stmt.orderBy) this.formatOrderBy(stmt.orderBy)
+    if (stmt.limit) this.formatLimit(stmt.limit)
+    if (stmt.cursor) this.formatCursor(stmt.cursor)
+  }
+
+  private formatOrderBy(clause: OrderByClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('ORDER BY ')
+    this.write(
+      clause.items
+        .map((item) => {
+          const expr = this.expr(item.expression)
+          return item.direction ? `${expr} ${item.direction}` : expr
+        })
+        .join(', ')
+    )
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatLimit(clause: LimitClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`LIMIT ${this.scalar(clause.value)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatCursor(clause: CursorClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`CURSOR ${this.scalar(clause.value)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private asOfToString(clause: AsOfClause): string {
+    return `AS OF ${clause.basis} ${this.scalar(clause.value)}`
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  WHERE
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private formatWhere(clause: WhereClause, keyword: string): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`${keyword} {`)
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel++
+    for (const pattern of clause.patterns) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(pattern.range.start.line)
+      this.formatWherePattern(pattern)
+    }
+    this.emitCommentsBefore(clause.range.end.line)
+    this.indentLevel--
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('}')
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatNestedBlock(
+    keyword: string,
+    patterns: WherePattern[],
+    endLine: number
+  ): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`${keyword} {`)
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel++
+    for (const pattern of patterns) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(pattern.range.start.line)
+      this.formatWherePattern(pattern)
+    }
+    this.emitCommentsBefore(endLine)
+    this.indentLevel--
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('}')
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatWherePattern(pattern: WherePattern): void {
+    switch (pattern.kind) {
+      case 'ConceptPattern':
+        this.writeIndent()
+        this.write(pattern.variable.name)
+        if (pattern.explicit) this.write(' CONCEPT')
+        this.write(' ')
+        this.write(this.objectPatternToString(pattern.matcher))
+        this.newline()
+        break
+
+      case 'PropositionPattern':
+        this.writeIndent()
+        if (pattern.variable) this.write(`${pattern.variable.name} `)
+        if (pattern.explicit) this.write('PROPOSITION ')
+        this.write(this.tupleToString(pattern.tuple))
+        this.newline()
+        break
+
+      case 'AssertionPattern':
+      case 'EvidencePattern':
+      case 'ActivityPattern': {
+        const keyword = {
+          AssertionPattern: 'ASSERTION',
+          EvidencePattern: 'EVIDENCE',
+          ActivityPattern: 'ACTIVITY'
+        }[pattern.kind]
+        this.writeIndent()
+        this.write(`${pattern.variable.name} ${keyword} `)
+        this.write(this.objectPatternToString(pattern.matcher))
+        this.newline()
+        break
+      }
+
+      case 'StructuralPattern':
+        this.writeIndent()
+        if (pattern.variable) this.write(`${pattern.variable.name} `)
+        this.write(
+          `STRUCTURAL (${this.term(pattern.subject)}, ${this.symbol(pattern.field)}, ${this.term(pattern.object)})`
+        )
+        this.newline()
+        break
+
+      case 'BeliefPattern':
+        this.writeIndent()
+        this.write(`${pattern.variable.name} BELIEF (`)
+        if (pattern.proposition) {
+          this.write(pattern.proposition.name)
+        } else if (pattern.propositionId) {
+          this.write(`id: ${this.scalar(pattern.propositionId)}`)
+        } else {
+          this.write(
+            `${this.term(pattern.subject!)}, ${this.predAtom(pattern.predicate!)}, ${this.term(pattern.object!)}`
+          )
+        }
+        this.write(')')
+        this.newline()
+        break
+
+      case 'BeliefSlotPattern':
+        this.writeIndent()
+        this.write(
+          `${pattern.variable.name} BELIEF SLOT (${this.term(pattern.subject)}, ${this.predAtom(pattern.predicate)})`
+        )
+        this.newline()
+        break
+
+      case 'FilterClause':
+        this.writeIndent()
+        this.write(`FILTER(${this.expr(pattern.expression)})`)
+        this.newline()
+        break
+
+      case 'NotClause':
+        this.formatNestedBlock('NOT', pattern.patterns, pattern.range.end.line)
+        break
+
+      case 'OptionalClause':
+        this.formatNestedBlock(
+          'OPTIONAL',
+          pattern.patterns,
+          pattern.range.end.line
+        )
+        break
+
+      case 'UnionClause':
+        this.formatNestedBlock('UNION', pattern.patterns, pattern.range.end.line)
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  KML
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private formatMutate(stmt: MutateStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('MUTATE {')
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel++
+    for (let i = 0; i < stmt.clauses.length; i++) {
+      const clause = stmt.clauses[i]!
+      if (i > 0) this.newline()
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(clause.range.start.line)
+      this.formatMutationClause(clause)
+    }
+    this.emitCommentsBefore(stmt.range.end.line)
+    this.indentLevel--
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('}')
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A body clause together with the printer for it. Bodies (CREATE / UPSERT
+   * CONCEPT, CREATE EVIDENCE|ASSERTION|ACTIVITY) hold their clauses in typed
+   * slots, so the source order has to be recovered from the ranges before
+   * printing — a comment written above a clause must come out above that
+   * same clause, and the comment cursor only moves forward.
+   */
+  private formatBody(
+    header: string,
+    endLine: number,
+    clauses: { node: BaseNode; print: () => void }[]
+  ): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`${header} {`)
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel++
+
+    const ordered = [...clauses].sort(
+      (a, b) =>
+        a.node.range.start.line - b.node.range.start.line ||
+        a.node.range.start.column - b.node.range.start.column
+    )
+    for (const clause of ordered) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(clause.node.range.start.line)
+      clause.print()
+    }
+    // Comments after the last clause still belong inside the braces.
+    this.emitCommentsBefore(endLine)
+
+    this.indentLevel--
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('}')
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatCreateConcept(stmt: CreateConceptStatement): void {
+    const clauses: { node: BaseNode; print: () => void }[] = []
+    if (stmt.type) {
+      const node = stmt.type
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => {
+          this.writeIndent()
+          this.write(`TYPE ${this.symbol(node.value)}`)
+          this.newline()
+        }
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.clientKey) {
+      const node = stmt.clientKey
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => {
+          this.writeIndent()
+          this.write(`CLIENT KEY ${this.scalar(node.value)}`)
+          this.newline()
+        }
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.name) {
+      const node = stmt.name
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => {
+          this.writeIndent()
+          this.write(`NAME ${this.scalar(node.value)}`)
+          this.newline()
+        }
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setFields) {
+      const node = stmt.setFields
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => this.formatAssignmentClause('SET FIELDS', node.assignments, false)
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setAttributes) {
+      const node = stmt.setAttributes
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () =>
+          this.formatAssignmentClause(
+            'SET ATTRIBUTES',
+            node.assignments,
+            this.opts.sortAttributes
+          )
+      })
+    }
+    for (const facet of stmt.setFacets) {
+      clauses.push({ node: facet, print: () => this.formatFacet(facet) })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setStructural) {
+      const node = stmt.setStructural
+      clauses.push({ node, print: () => this.formatStructural(node) })
+    }
+    this.formatBody(
+      `CREATE CONCEPT ${stmt.handle.name}`,
+      stmt.range.end.line,
+      clauses
+    )
+  }
+
+  private formatUpsertConcept(stmt: UpsertConceptStatement): void {
+    const clauses: { node: BaseNode; print: () => void }[] = []
+    if (stmt.match) {
+      const node = stmt.match
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => {
+          this.writeIndent()
+          this.write('MATCH ')
+          this.write(this.objectPatternToString(node.pattern))
+          this.newline()
+        }
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.expectVersion) {
+      const node = stmt.expectVersion
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => {
+          this.writeIndent()
+          this.write(`EXPECT VERSION ${this.scalar(node.value)}`)
+          this.newline()
+        }
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setFields) {
+      const node = stmt.setFields
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => this.formatAssignmentClause('SET FIELDS', node.assignments, false)
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setAttributes) {
+      const node = stmt.setAttributes
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () =>
+          this.formatAssignmentClause(
+            'SET ATTRIBUTES',
+            node.assignments,
+            this.opts.sortAttributes
+          )
+      })
+    }
+    for (const facet of stmt.setFacets) {
+      clauses.push({ node: facet, print: () => this.formatFacet(facet) })
+    }
+    if (stmt.unsetAttributes) {
+      const node = stmt.unsetAttributes
+      clauses.push({ node, print: () => this.formatUnsetAttributes(node) })
+    }
+    for (const facet of stmt.unsetFacets) {
+      clauses.push({ node: facet, print: () => this.formatUnsetFacet(facet) })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setStructural) {
+      const node = stmt.setStructural
+      clauses.push({ node, print: () => this.formatStructural(node) })
+    }
+    if (stmt.unsetStructural) {
+      const node = stmt.unsetStructural
+      clauses.push({ node, print: () => this.formatUnsetStructural(node) })
+    }
+    this.formatBody(
+      `UPSERT CONCEPT ${stmt.handle.name}`,
+      stmt.range.end.line,
+      clauses
+    )
+  }
+
+  private formatRecordCreate(
+    keyword: string,
+    stmt:
+      | CreateEvidenceStatement
+      | CreateAssertionStatement
+      | CreateActivityStatement
+  ): void {
+    const clauses: { node: BaseNode; print: () => void }[] = []
+    if (stmt.clientKey) {
+      const node = stmt.clientKey
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => {
+          this.writeIndent()
+          this.write(`CLIENT KEY ${this.scalar(node.value)}`)
+          this.newline()
+        }
+      })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setFields) {
+      const node = stmt.setFields
+      clauses.push({
+        node,
+        print: () => this.formatAssignmentClause('SET FIELDS', node.assignments, false)
+      })
+    }
+    for (const facet of stmt.setFacets) {
+      clauses.push({ node: facet, print: () => this.formatFacet(facet) })
+    }
+    if (stmt.setStructural) {
+      const node = stmt.setStructural
+      clauses.push({ node, print: () => this.formatStructural(node) })
+    }
+    this.formatBody(
+      `CREATE ${keyword} ${stmt.handle.name}`,
+      stmt.range.end.line,
+      clauses
+    )
+  }
+
+  private formatEnsureProposition(stmt: EnsurePropositionStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('ENSURE PROPOSITION ')
+    if (stmt.handle) this.write(`${stmt.handle.name} `)
+    this.write(this.tupleToString(stmt.tuple))
+    if (stmt.expectVersion) {
+      this.write(` EXPECT VERSION ${this.scalar(stmt.expectVersion.value)}`)
+    }
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatAssert(stmt: AssertStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('ASSERT ')
+    if (stmt.handle) this.write(`${stmt.handle.name} `)
+    this.write(this.tupleToString(stmt.tuple))
+    this.write(' ')
+    this.formatObjectBlock(stmt.assignments, false)
+    if (stmt.superseding) {
+      this.newline()
+      this.indentLevel++
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`SUPERSEDING ${this.targetRef(stmt.superseding)}`)
+      this.indentLevel--
+    }
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatUpdate(stmt: UpdateStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`UPDATE ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)}`)
+    this.newline()
+
+    if (stmt.expectVersion) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(stmt.expectVersion.range.start.line)
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`EXPECT VERSION ${this.scalar(stmt.expectVersion.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    for (const action of stmt.actions) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(action.range.start.line)
+      this.formatUpdateAction(action)
+    }
+    if (stmt.where) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(stmt.where.range.start.line)
+      this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+    }
+    if (stmt.limit) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(stmt.limit.range.start.line)
+      this.formatLimit(stmt.limit)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private formatUpdateAction(action: UpdateAction): void {
+    switch (action.kind) {
+      case 'SetFieldsClause':
+        this.formatAssignmentClause('SET FIELDS', action.assignments, false)
+        break
+      case 'SetAttributesClause':
+        this.formatAssignmentClause(
+          'SET ATTRIBUTES',
+          action.assignments,
+          this.opts.sortAttributes
+        )
+        break
+      case 'SetFacetClause':
+        this.formatFacet(action)
+        break
+      case 'UnsetAttributesClause':
+        this.formatUnsetAttributes(action)
+        break
+      case 'UnsetFacetClause':
+        this.formatUnsetFacet(action)
+        break
+      case 'SetStructuralClause':
+        this.formatStructural(action)
+        break
+      case 'UnsetStructuralClause':
+        this.formatUnsetStructural(action)
+        break
+    }
+  }
+
+  private formatRetract(stmt: RetractAssertionStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`RETRACT ASSERTION ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)}`)
+    if (!stmt.where && !stmt.limit && stmt.expectState) {
+      this.write(` EXPECT STATE ${this.scalar(stmt.expectState.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+      return
+    }
+    this.newline()
+    if (stmt.where) this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+    if (stmt.limit) this.formatLimit(stmt.limit)
+    if (stmt.expectState) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`EXPECT STATE ${this.scalar(stmt.expectState.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private formatSupersede(stmt: SupersedeAssertionStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(
+      `SUPERSEDE ASSERTION ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)} BY ${this.targetRef(stmt.by)}`
+    )
+    if (stmt.expectState) {
+      this.write(` EXPECT STATE ${this.scalar(stmt.expectState.value)}`)
+    }
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatCorrect(stmt: CorrectEvidenceStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(
+      `CORRECT EVIDENCE ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)} BY ${this.targetRef(stmt.by)}`
+    )
+    if (stmt.expectState) {
+      this.write(` EXPECT STATE ${this.scalar(stmt.expectState.value)}`)
+    }
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatTransition(stmt: TransitionActivityStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(
+      `TRANSITION ACTIVITY ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)} TO ${this.scalar(stmt.to)}`
+    )
+    this.newline()
+    if (stmt.finalize.length > 0) {
+      this.indentLevel++
+      for (const clause of stmt.finalize) {
+        this.emitCommentsBefore(clause.range.start.line)
+        if (clause.kind === 'SetFieldsClause') {
+          this.formatAssignmentClause('SET FIELDS', clause.assignments, false)
+        } else {
+          this.formatStructural(clause)
+        }
+      }
+      this.indentLevel--
+    }
+    if (stmt.expectState) {
+      this.indentLevel++
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(stmt.expectState.range.start.line)
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`EXPECT STATE ${this.scalar(stmt.expectState.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+      this.indentLevel--
+    }
+  }
+
+  private formatSetRetention(stmt: SetRetentionStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`SET RETENTION ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)} `)
+    this.formatObjectBlock(stmt.assignments, false)
+    this.newline()
+    if (stmt.where) this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+    if (stmt.limit) this.formatLimit(stmt.limit)
+    if (stmt.expectVersion) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`EXPECT VERSION ${this.scalar(stmt.expectVersion.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private formatRemoval(
+    keyword: string,
+    stmt: ArchiveStatement | TombstoneStatement
+  ): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`${keyword} ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)}`)
+    if (!stmt.where && !stmt.limit) {
+      if (stmt.expectState) {
+        this.write(` EXPECT STATE ${this.scalar(stmt.expectState.value)}`)
+      }
+      this.newline()
+      return
+    }
+    this.newline()
+    if (stmt.where) this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+    if (stmt.limit) this.formatLimit(stmt.limit)
+    if (stmt.expectState) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`EXPECT STATE ${this.scalar(stmt.expectState.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private formatPurge(stmt: PurgeStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`PURGE ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)}`)
+    this.newline()
+    if (stmt.where) this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+    if (stmt.limit) this.formatLimit(stmt.limit)
+    this.indentLevel++
+    if (stmt.referencePolicy) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`REFERENCE POLICY ${this.scalar(stmt.referencePolicy)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`CONFIRM ${stmt.confirm.value}`)
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel--
+  }
+
+  private formatMerge(stmt: MergeConceptStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(
+      `MERGE CONCEPT ${this.targetRef(stmt.source)} INTO ${this.targetRef(stmt.into)}`
+    )
+    this.newline()
+    if (stmt.where) this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+    if (stmt.expectVersion) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`EXPECT VERSION ${this.scalar(stmt.expectVersion.value)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  KML clause bodies
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private formatAssignmentClause(
+    keyword: string,
+    assignments: ObjectLiteral,
+    sort: boolean
+  ): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`${keyword} `)
+    this.formatObjectBlock(assignments, sort)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatFacet(clause: SetFacetClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`SET FACET ${this.symbol(clause.facet)} `)
+    this.formatObjectBlock(clause.assignments, false)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatUnsetAttributes(clause: UnsetAttributesClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(
+      `UNSET ATTRIBUTES { ${clause.fields.map((f) => this.fieldName(f.name, f.isQuoted)).join(', ')} }`
+    )
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatUnsetFacet(clause: UnsetFacetClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(
+      `UNSET FACET ${this.symbol(clause.facet)} { ${clause.fields.map((f) => this.fieldName(f.name, f.isQuoted)).join(', ')} }`
+    )
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatStructural(clause: SetStructuralClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('SET STRUCTURAL {')
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel++
+    for (const assignment of clause.assignments) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(assignment.range.start.line)
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(
+        `(${this.symbol(assignment.field)}, ${this.expr(assignment.value)})`
+      )
+      if (assignment.options) {
+        this.write(` ${this.objectLiteralToString(assignment.options)}`)
+      }
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    this.emitCommentsBefore(clause.range.end.line)
+    this.indentLevel--
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('}')
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatUnsetStructural(clause: UnsetStructuralClause): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('UNSET STRUCTURAL {')
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel++
+    for (const removal of clause.removals) {
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(removal.range.start.line)
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`(${this.symbol(removal.field)}, ${this.expr(removal.value)})`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    this.emitCommentsBefore(clause.range.end.line)
+    this.indentLevel--
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('}')
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  META
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private formatDescribe(stmt: DescribeStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    const words: Record<DescribeStatement['target'], string> = {
+      PRIMER: 'PRIMER',
+      PROTOCOL: 'PROTOCOL',
+      EXECUTION_CONTEXT: 'EXECUTION CONTEXT',
+      CAPABILITIES: 'CAPABILITIES',
+      SPACE: 'SPACE',
+      SCHEMA_ENVIRONMENT: 'SCHEMA ENVIRONMENT',
+      PACKAGE: 'PACKAGE',
+      TYPE: 'TYPE',
+      PREDICATE: 'PREDICATE',
+      FACET: 'FACET',
+      STRUCTURAL_FIELD: 'STRUCTURAL FIELD',
+      COMPATIBILITY: 'COMPATIBILITY',
+      ERROR: 'ERROR',
+      TRANSACTION: 'TRANSACTION',
+      TRANSACTION_BY_IDEMPOTENCY_KEY: 'TRANSACTION BY IDEMPOTENCY KEY',
+      SNAPSHOT: 'SNAPSHOT',
+      CAPSULE: 'CAPSULE',
+      EPISTEMIC_POLICY: 'EPISTEMIC POLICY',
+      PROJECTION_CAPABILITY: 'PROJECTION CAPABILITY',
+      TRUST: 'TRUST',
+      ACCESS: 'ACCESS'
+    }
+    this.write(`DESCRIBE ${words[stmt.target]}`)
+
+    if (stmt.target === 'COMPATIBILITY' && stmt.from && stmt.to) {
+      this.write(` FROM ${this.scalar(stmt.from)} TO ${this.scalar(stmt.to)}`)
+    } else if (stmt.value) {
+      this.write(` ${this.scalar(stmt.value)}`)
+    }
+    if (stmt.mode) this.write(` MODE ${this.scalar(stmt.mode)}`)
+    if (stmt.asOf) this.write(` ${this.asOfToString(stmt.asOf)}`)
+    if (stmt.with) this.write(` WITH ${this.objectLiteralToString(stmt.with)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatList(stmt: ListStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    const words: Record<ListStatement['target'], string> = {
+      SPACES: 'SPACES',
+      SCHEMA_PACKAGES: 'SCHEMA PACKAGES',
+      TYPES: 'TYPES',
+      PREDICATES: 'PREDICATES',
+      FACETS: 'FACETS',
+      STRUCTURAL_FIELDS: 'STRUCTURAL FIELDS',
+      EPISTEMIC_POLICIES: 'EPISTEMIC POLICIES'
+    }
+    this.write(`LIST ${words[stmt.target]}`)
+    if (stmt.status) this.write(` STATUS ${this.scalar(stmt.status)}`)
+    if (stmt.limit) this.write(` LIMIT ${this.scalar(stmt.limit.value)}`)
+    if (stmt.cursor) this.write(` CURSOR ${this.scalar(stmt.cursor.value)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatSearch(stmt: SearchStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`SEARCH ${stmt.searchKind} ${this.scalar(stmt.term)}`)
+    if (stmt.withType) this.write(` WITH TYPE ${this.scalar(stmt.withType)}`)
+    if (stmt.withPredicate) {
+      this.write(` WITH PREDICATE ${this.scalar(stmt.withPredicate)}`)
+    }
+    if (stmt.mode) this.write(` MODE ${this.scalar(stmt.mode)}`)
+    if (stmt.threshold) this.write(` THRESHOLD ${this.scalar(stmt.threshold)}`)
+    if (stmt.asOfSeq) this.write(` AS OF SEQ ${this.scalar(stmt.asOfSeq)}`)
+    if (stmt.limit) this.write(` LIMIT ${this.scalar(stmt.limit.value)}`)
+    if (stmt.cursor) this.write(` CURSOR ${this.scalar(stmt.cursor.value)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatVerify(stmt: VerifyStatement): void {
+    const words: Record<VerifyStatement['target'], string> = {
+      CAPSULE: 'CAPSULE',
+      SCHEMA_PACKAGE: 'SCHEMA PACKAGE',
+      RECEIPT: 'RECEIPT',
+      BLOB: 'BLOB',
+      CHECKPOINT: 'CHECKPOINT'
+    }
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`VERIFY ${words[stmt.target]} ${this.scalar(stmt.value)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatValidate(stmt: ValidateStatement): void {
+    const words: Record<ValidateStatement['target'], string> = {
+      KQL: 'KQL',
+      KML: 'KML',
+      CAPSULE: 'CAPSULE',
+      SCHEMA_PACKAGE: 'SCHEMA PACKAGE',
+      IMPORT_PLAN: 'IMPORT PLAN'
+    }
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`VALIDATE ${words[stmt.target]} ${this.scalar(stmt.value)}`)
+    if (stmt.options) {
+      this.write(` WITH ${this.objectLiteralToString(stmt.options)}`)
+    }
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatPreview(stmt: PreviewStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    if (stmt.target === 'KML') {
+      this.write(`PREVIEW KML ${this.scalar(stmt.value)}`)
+    } else {
+      this.write(
+        `PREVIEW IMPORT CAPSULE ${this.scalar(stmt.value)} INTO ${this.scalar(stmt.into!)}`
+      )
+    }
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatHistory(stmt: HistoryStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`HISTORY ${stmt.target}`)
+    if (stmt.value) this.write(` ${this.scalar(stmt.value)}`)
+    if (stmt.fromSeq) this.write(` FROM SEQ ${this.scalar(stmt.fromSeq)}`)
+    if (stmt.toSeq) this.write(` TO SEQ ${this.scalar(stmt.toSeq)}`)
+    if (stmt.limit) this.write(` LIMIT ${this.scalar(stmt.limit.value)}`)
+    if (stmt.cursor) this.write(` CURSOR ${this.scalar(stmt.cursor.value)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatChanges(stmt: ChangesStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    const keyword = stmt.mode === 'SINCE' ? 'SINCE' : 'AFTER SEQ'
+    this.write(`CHANGES ${keyword} ${this.scalar(stmt.value)}`)
+    if (stmt.limit) this.write(` LIMIT ${this.scalar(stmt.limit.value)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatSnapshot(stmt: SnapshotStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('SNAPSHOT')
+    if (stmt.asOf) this.write(` ${this.asOfToString(stmt.asOf)}`)
+    this.newline()
+  }
+
+  private formatExport(stmt: ExportCapsuleStatement): void {
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write(`EXPORT CAPSULE ${this.targetRef(stmt.target)}`)
+    this.newline()
+    this.formatWhere(stmt.where, 'WHERE')
+    if (stmt.options) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`WITH ${this.objectLiteralToString(stmt.options)}`)
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    if (stmt.asOf) {
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(this.asOfToString(stmt.asOf))
+      this.newline()
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  Objects
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /**
+   * Emits `{...}` on one line when it is short and comment-free, otherwise
+   * one entry per line. A block holding a comment always stays multi-line, so
+   * the comment keeps the key it was written against.
+   */
+  private formatObjectBlock(object: ObjectLiteral, sort: boolean): void {
+    const entries = object.entries
+    if (entries.length === 0) {
+      this.write('{}')
+      return
+    }
+
+    const hasComments = this.hasPendingCommentInRange(
+      object.range.start.line,
+      object.range.end.line
+    )
+    const inline = this.objectLiteralToString(object, sort)
+    if (
+      !hasComments &&
+      inline.length + this.indentLevel * this.opts.indentSize <= 78 &&
+      !inline.includes('\n')
+    ) {
+      this.write(inline)
+      return
+    }
+
+    const ordered = sort && !hasComments ? this.sortObjectEntries(entries) : entries
+    this.write('{')
+    this.newline()
+    this.indentLevel++
+    for (let i = 0; i < ordered.length; i++) {
+      const entry = ordered[i]!
+      this.emitCommentsBefore(entry.range.start.line)
+      this.writeIndent()
+      this.write(`${this.fieldName(entry.key, entry.isQuoted)}: ${this.expr(entry.value)}`)
+      if (i < ordered.length - 1) this.write(',')
+      this.newline()
+    }
+    this.emitCommentsBefore(object.range.end.line)
+    this.indentLevel--
+    this.writeIndent()
+    this.write('}')
+  }
+
+  private objectLiteralToString(object: ObjectLiteral, sort = false): string {
+    if (object.entries.length === 0) return '{}'
+    const entries = sort ? this.sortObjectEntries(object.entries) : object.entries
+    const inner = entries
+      .map((e) => `${this.fieldName(e.key, e.isQuoted)}: ${this.expr(e.value)}`)
+      .join(', ')
+    return `{${inner}}`
+  }
+
+  private objectPatternToString(pattern: ObjectPattern): string {
+    if (pattern.members.length === 0) return '{}'
+    const inner = pattern.members
+      .map((e) => `${this.fieldName(e.key, e.isQuoted)}: ${this.expr(e.value)}`)
+      .join(', ')
+    return `{${inner}}`
+  }
+
+  private sortObjectEntries(entries: ObjectEntry[]): ObjectEntry[] {
+    // Alphabetical by key (attributes are an unordered map in KIP).
+    return [...entries].sort((a, b) => a.key.localeCompare(b.key))
+  }
+
+  private fieldName(key: string, isQuoted: boolean): string {
+    return isQuoted ? `"${this.escapeString(key)}"` : key
+  }
+
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  //  Terms and expressions
+  // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  private tupleToString(tuple: PropositionTuple): string {
+    if (tuple.id) return `(id: ${this.scalar(tuple.id)})`
+    return `(${this.term(tuple.subject!)}, ${this.predicate(tuple.predicate!)}, ${this.term(tuple.object!)})`
+  }
+
+  private term(term: Term): string {
+    if (term.kind === 'ObjectPattern') return this.objectPatternToString(term)
+    if (term.kind === 'PropositionTuple') return this.tupleToString(term)
+    return this.expr(term)
+  }
+
+  private predicate(expr: RawPredicateExpression): string {
+    return expr.atoms
+      .map((atom) => {
+        const base = this.predAtom(atom.atom)
+        if (!atom.quantifier) return base
+        const q = atom.quantifier
+        if (!q.hasComma) return `${base}{${q.min}}`
+        return q.max === undefined
+          ? `${base}{${q.min},}`
+          : `${base}{${q.min},${q.max}}`
+      })
+      .join(' | ')
+  }
+
+  private predAtom(atom: PredicateAtom): string {
+    return this.expr(atom)
+  }
+
+  private symbol(symbol: SchemaSymbol): string {
+    return symbol.kind === 'ParameterRef' ? symbol.name : symbol.value
+  }
+
+  private scalar(value: ScalarValue): string {
+    return this.expr(value)
+  }
+
+  private targetRef(ref: TargetRef): string {
+    return this.expr(ref)
+  }
+
+  private expr(expr: Expression): string {
+    switch (expr.kind) {
+      case 'StringLiteral':
+        return expr.value
+      case 'NumberLiteral':
+        return expr.raw
+      case 'BooleanLiteral':
+        return expr.value ? 'true' : 'false'
+      case 'NullLiteral':
+        return 'null'
+      case 'VariableRef':
+        return expr.name
+      case 'ParameterRef':
+        return expr.name
+      case 'FieldAccess':
+        return (
+          expr.base.name +
+          expr.steps
+            .map((step) =>
+              step.kind === 'DotStep' ? `.${step.name}` : `[${step.key.value}]`
+            )
+            .join('')
+        )
+      case 'FunctionCallExpr':
+        return `${expr.name.toUpperCase()}(${expr.args.map((a) => this.expr(a)).join(', ')})`
+      case 'AggregateExpr':
+        return `${expr.name}(${expr.distinct ? 'DISTINCT ' : ''}${this.expr(expr.argument)})`
+      case 'BinaryExpression':
+        return `${this.expr(expr.left)} ${expr.operator} ${this.expr(expr.right)}`
+      case 'UnaryExpression':
+        return `${expr.operator}${this.expr(expr.operand)}`
+      case 'ArrayLiteral':
+        return `[${expr.elements.map((e) => this.expr(e)).join(', ')}]`
+      case 'ObjectLiteral':
+        return this.objectLiteralToString(expr)
+      case 'ObjectPattern':
+        return this.objectPatternToString(expr)
+      case 'PropositionTuple':
+        return this.tupleToString(expr)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private escapeString(s: string): string {
+    return s
+      .replace(/\\/g, '\\\\')
+      .replace(/"/g, '\\"')
+      .replace(/\n/g, '\\n')
+      .replace(/\t/g, '\\t')
+      .replace(/\r/g, '\\r')
+  }
+
+  private indent(): string {
+    return ' '.repeat(this.indentLevel * this.opts.indentSize)
+  }
+
+  private write(s: string): void {
+    this.output += s
+  }
+
+  private writeIndent(): void {
+    this.output += this.indent()
+  }
+
+  private newline(): void {
+    this.output += '\n'
+  }
+}