@ladybugmem/icebug 0.1.0 → 0.1.1

package/vendor/include/networkit/generators/quadtree/QuadNode.hpp

@@ -1,857 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * QuadNode.hpp
- *
- *  Created on: 21.05.2014
- *      Author: Moritz v. Looz
- */
-
-#ifndef NETWORKIT_GENERATORS_QUADTREE_QUAD_NODE_HPP_
-#define NETWORKIT_GENERATORS_QUADTREE_QUAD_NODE_HPP_
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cassert>
-#include <functional>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <networkit/auxiliary/Log.hpp>
-#include <networkit/auxiliary/Parallel.hpp>
-#include <networkit/geometric/HyperbolicSpace.hpp>
-
-using std::cos;
-using std::max;
-using std::min;
-using std::vector;
-
-namespace NetworKit {
-
-template <class T, bool poincare = true>
-class QuadNode final {
-    friend class QuadTreeGTest;
-
-    double leftAngle;
-    double minR;
-    double rightAngle;
-    double maxR;
-    Point2DWithIndex<double> a, b, c, d;
-    unsigned capacity;
-    static constexpr unsigned coarsenLimit = 4;
-    count subTreeSize;
-    std::vector<T> content;
-    std::vector<Point2DWithIndex<double>> positions;
-    std::vector<double> angles;
-    std::vector<double> radii;
-    bool isLeaf;
-    bool splitTheoretical;
-    double alpha;
-    double balance;
-    index ID;
-    double lowerBoundR;
-
-public:
-    std::vector<QuadNode> children;
-
-    QuadNode() {
-        // This should never be called.
-        leftAngle = 0;
-        rightAngle = 0;
-        minR = 0;
-        maxR = 0;
-        capacity = 20;
-        isLeaf = true;
-        subTreeSize = 0;
-        balance = 0.5;
-        splitTheoretical = false;
-        alpha = 1;
-        lowerBoundR = maxR;
-        ID = 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Construct a QuadNode for polar coordinates.
-     *
-     * @param leftAngle Minimal angular coordinate of region, in radians from 0 to 2\pi
-     * @param minR Minimal radial coordinate of region, between 0 and 1
-     * @param rightAngle Maximal angular coordinate of region, in radians from 0 to 2\pi
-     * @param maxR Maximal radial coordinate of region, between 0 and 1
-     * @param capacity Number of points a leaf cell can store before splitting
-     * @param minDiameter Minimal diameter of a quadtree node. If the node is already smaller, don't
-     * split even if over capacity. Default is 0
-     * @param splitTheoretical Whether to split in a theoretically optimal way or in a way to
-     * decrease measured running times
-     * @param alpha dispersion Parameter of the point distribution. Only has an effect if
-     * theoretical split is true
-     * @param diagnostics Count how many necessary and unnecessary comparisons happen in leaf cells?
-     * Will cause race condition and false sharing in parallel use
-     *
-     */
-    QuadNode(double leftAngle, double minR, double rightAngle, double maxR,
-             unsigned capacity = 1000, bool splitTheoretical = false, double alpha = 1,
-             double balance = 0.5) {
-        if (balance <= 0 || balance >= 1)
-            throw std::runtime_error("Quadtree balance parameter must be between 0 and 1.");
-        if (poincare && maxR > 1)
-            throw std::runtime_error(
-                "The Poincare disk has a radius of 1, cannot create quadtree larger than that!");
-        this->leftAngle = leftAngle;
-        this->minR = minR;
-        this->maxR = maxR;
-        this->rightAngle = rightAngle;
-        this->a = HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(leftAngle, minR);
-        this->b = HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(rightAngle, minR);
-        this->c = HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(rightAngle, maxR);
-        this->d = HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(leftAngle, maxR);
-        this->capacity = capacity;
-        this->alpha = alpha;
-        this->splitTheoretical = splitTheoretical;
-        this->balance = balance;
-        this->lowerBoundR = maxR;
-        this->ID = 0;
-        isLeaf = true;
-        subTreeSize = 0;
-    }
-
-    void split() {
-        assert(isLeaf);
-        // heavy lifting: split up!
-        double middleAngle = (rightAngle - leftAngle) / 2 + leftAngle;
-        /**
-         * we want to make sure the space is evenly divided to obtain a balanced tree
-         * Simply halving the radius will cause a larger space for the outer Quadnode, resulting in
-         * an unbalanced tree
-         */
-
-        double middleR;
-
-        if (poincare) {
-            if (splitTheoretical) {
-                double hyperbolicOuter = HyperbolicSpace::EuclideanRadiusToHyperbolic(maxR);
-                double hyperbolicInner = HyperbolicSpace::EuclideanRadiusToHyperbolic(minR);
-                double hyperbolicMiddle =
-                    std::acosh((1 - balance) * std::cosh(alpha * hyperbolicOuter)
-                               + balance * std::cosh(alpha * hyperbolicInner))
-                    / alpha;
-                middleR = HyperbolicSpace::hyperbolicRadiusToEuclidean(hyperbolicMiddle);
-            } else {
-                double nom = maxR - minR;
-                double denom = std::pow((1 - maxR * maxR) / (1 - minR * minR), 0.5) + 1;
-                middleR = nom / denom + minR;
-            }
-        } else {
-            middleR = std::acosh((1 - balance) * std::cosh(alpha * maxR)
-                                 + balance * std::cosh(alpha * minR))
-                      / alpha;
-        }
-
-        assert(middleR < maxR);
-        assert(middleR > minR);
-
-        QuadNode<index, poincare> southwest(leftAngle, minR, middleAngle, middleR, capacity,
-                                            splitTheoretical, alpha, balance);
-        QuadNode<index, poincare> southeast(middleAngle, minR, rightAngle, middleR, capacity,
-                                            splitTheoretical, alpha, balance);
-        QuadNode<index, poincare> northwest(leftAngle, middleR, middleAngle, maxR, capacity,
-                                            splitTheoretical, alpha, balance);
-        QuadNode<index, poincare> northeast(middleAngle, middleR, rightAngle, maxR, capacity,
-                                            splitTheoretical, alpha, balance);
-        children = {southwest, southeast, northwest, northeast};
-        isLeaf = false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add a point at polar coordinates (angle, R) with content input. May split node if capacity is
-     * full
-     *
-     * @param input arbitrary content, in our case an index
-     * @param angle angular coordinate of point, between 0 and 2 pi.
-     * @param R radial coordinate of point, between 0 and 1.
-     */
-    void addContent(T input, double angle, double R) {
-        assert(this->responsible(angle, R));
-        if (lowerBoundR > R)
-            lowerBoundR = R;
-        if (isLeaf) {
-            if (content.size() + 1 < capacity) {
-                content.push_back(input);
-                angles.push_back(angle);
-                radii.push_back(R);
-                Point2DWithIndex<double> pos = HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(angle, R);
-                positions.push_back(pos);
-            } else {
-
-                split();
-
-                for (index i = 0; i < content.size(); i++) {
-                    this->addContent(content[i], angles[i], radii[i]);
-                }
-                assert(subTreeSize == content.size()); // we have added everything twice
-                subTreeSize = content.size();
-                content.clear();
-                angles.clear();
-                radii.clear();
-                positions.clear();
-                this->addContent(input, angle, R);
-            }
-        } else {
-            assert(!children.empty());
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                if (children[i].responsible(angle, R)) {
-                    children[i].addContent(input, angle, R);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            subTreeSize++;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Remove content at polar coordinates (angle, R). May cause coarsening of the quadtree
-     *
-     * @param input Content to be removed
-     * @param angle Angular coordinate
-     * @param R Radial coordinate
-     *
-     * @return True if content was found and removed, false otherwise
-     */
-    bool removeContent(T input, double angle, double R) {
-        if (!responsible(angle, R))
-            return false;
-        if (isLeaf) {
-            index i = 0;
-            for (; i < content.size(); i++) {
-                if (content[i] == input)
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (i < content.size()) {
-                assert(angles[i] == angle);
-                assert(radii[i] == R);
-                // remove element
-                content.erase(content.begin() + i);
-                positions.erase(positions.begin() + i);
-                angles.erase(angles.begin() + i);
-                radii.erase(radii.begin() + i);
-                return true;
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            bool removed = false;
-            bool allLeaves = true;
-            assert(!children.empty());
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                if (!children[i].isLeaf)
-                    allLeaves = false;
-                if (children[i].removeContent(input, angle, R)) {
-                    assert(!removed);
-                    removed = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if (removed)
-                subTreeSize--;
-            // coarsen?
-            if (removed && allLeaves && size() < coarsenLimit) {
-                // coarsen!!
-                // why not assert empty containers and then insert directly?
-                vector<T> allContent;
-                vector<Point2DWithIndex<double>> allPositions;
-                vector<double> allAngles;
-                vector<double> allRadii;
-                for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                    allContent.insert(allContent.end(), children[i].content.begin(),
-                                      children[i].content.end());
-                    allPositions.insert(allPositions.end(), children[i].positions.begin(),
-                                        children[i].positions.end());
-                    allAngles.insert(allAngles.end(), children[i].angles.begin(),
-                                     children[i].angles.end());
-                    allRadii.insert(allRadii.end(), children[i].radii.begin(),
-                                    children[i].radii.end());
-                }
-                assert(subTreeSize == allContent.size());
-                assert(subTreeSize == allPositions.size());
-                assert(subTreeSize == allAngles.size());
-                assert(subTreeSize == allRadii.size());
-                children.clear();
-                content.swap(allContent);
-                positions.swap(allPositions);
-                angles.swap(allAngles);
-                radii.swap(allRadii);
-                isLeaf = true;
-            }
-
-            return removed;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Check whether the region managed by this node lies outside of an Euclidean circle.
-     *
-     * @param query Center of the Euclidean query circle, given in Cartesian coordinates
-     * @param radius Radius of the Euclidean query circle
-     *
-     * @return True if the region managed by this node lies completely outside of the circle
-     */
-    bool outOfReach(Point2DWithIndex<double> query, double radius) const {
-        double phi, r;
-        HyperbolicSpace::cartesianToPolar(query, phi, r);
-        if (responsible(phi, r))
-            return false;
-
-        // if using native coordinates, call distance calculation
-        if (!poincare)
-            return hyperbolicDistances(phi, r).first > radius;
-
-        // get four edge points
-        double topDistance, bottomDistance, leftDistance, rightDistance;
-
-        if (phi < leftAngle || phi > rightAngle) {
-            topDistance = std::min(c.distance(query), d.distance(query));
-        } else {
-            topDistance = std::abs(r - maxR);
-        }
-        if (topDistance <= radius)
-            return false;
-        if (phi < leftAngle || phi > rightAngle) {
-            bottomDistance = std::min(a.distance(query), b.distance(query));
-        } else {
-            bottomDistance = std::abs(r - minR);
-        }
-        if (bottomDistance <= radius)
-            return false;
-
-        double minDistanceR = r * std::cos(std::abs(phi - leftAngle));
-        if (minDistanceR > minR && minDistanceR < maxR) {
-            leftDistance = query.distance(HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(phi, minDistanceR));
-        } else {
-            leftDistance = std::min(a.distance(query), d.distance(query));
-        }
-        if (leftDistance <= radius)
-            return false;
-
-        minDistanceR = r * std::cos(std::abs(phi - rightAngle));
-        if (minDistanceR > minR && minDistanceR < maxR) {
-            rightDistance = query.distance(HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(phi, minDistanceR));
-        } else {
-            rightDistance = std::min(b.distance(query), c.distance(query));
-        }
-        if (rightDistance <= radius)
-            return false;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Check whether the region managed by this node lies outside of an Euclidean circle.
-     * Functionality is the same as in the method above, but it takes polar coordinates instead of
-     * Cartesian ones
-     *
-     * @param angle_c Angular coordinate of the Euclidean query circle's center
-     * @param r_c Radial coordinate of the Euclidean query circle's center
-     * @param radius Radius of the Euclidean query circle
-     *
-     * @return True if the region managed by this node lies completely outside of the circle
-     */
-    bool outOfReach(double angle_c, double r_c, double radius) const {
-        if (responsible(angle_c, r_c))
-            return false;
-        Point2DWithIndex<double> query = HyperbolicSpace::polarToCartesian(angle_c, r_c);
-        return outOfReach(query, radius);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param phi Angular coordinate of query point
-     * @param r_h radial coordinate of query point in poincare disk
-     */
-    std::pair<double, double> hyperbolicDistances(double phi, double r) const {
-        double minRHyper, maxRHyper, r_h;
-        if (poincare) {
-            minRHyper = HyperbolicSpace::EuclideanRadiusToHyperbolic(this->minR);
-            maxRHyper = HyperbolicSpace::EuclideanRadiusToHyperbolic(this->maxR);
-            r_h = HyperbolicSpace::EuclideanRadiusToHyperbolic(r);
-        } else {
-            minRHyper = this->minR;
-            maxRHyper = this->maxR;
-            r_h = r;
-        }
-
-        double coshr = std::cosh(r_h);
-        double sinhr = std::sinh(r_h);
-        double coshMinR = std::cosh(minRHyper);
-        double coshMaxR = std::cosh(maxRHyper);
-        double sinhMinR = std::sinh(minRHyper);
-        double sinhMaxR = std::sinh(maxRHyper);
-        double cosDiffLeft = std::cos(phi - leftAngle);
-        double cosDiffRight = std::cos(phi - rightAngle);
-
-        /**
-         * If the query point is not within the quadnode, the distance minimum is on the border.
-         * Need to check whether extremum is between corners:
-         */
-
-        double coshMinDistance, coshMaxDistance;
-
-        // Left border
-        double lowerLeftDistance = coshMinR * coshr - sinhMinR * sinhr * cosDiffLeft;
-        double upperLeftDistance = coshMaxR * coshr - sinhMaxR * sinhr * cosDiffLeft;
-        if (responsible(phi, r))
-            coshMinDistance = 1; // strictly speaking, this is wrong
-        else
-            coshMinDistance = std::min(lowerLeftDistance, upperLeftDistance);
-
-        coshMaxDistance = std::max(lowerLeftDistance, upperLeftDistance);
-        // double a = std::cosh(r_h);
-        double b = sinhr * cosDiffLeft;
-        double extremum = std::log((coshr + b) / (coshr - b)) / 2;
-        if (extremum < maxRHyper && extremum >= minRHyper) {
-            double extremeDistance =
-                std::cosh(extremum) * coshr - std::sinh(extremum) * sinhr * cosDiffLeft;
-            coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, extremeDistance);
-            coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, extremeDistance);
-        }
-        /**
-         * cosh is a function from [0,\infty) to [1, \infty)
-         * Variables thus need
-         */
-        assert(coshMaxDistance >= 1);
-        assert(coshMinDistance >= 1);
-
-        // Right border
-        double lowerRightDistance = coshMinR * coshr - sinhMinR * sinhr * cosDiffRight;
-        double upperRightDistance = coshMaxR * coshr - sinhMaxR * sinhr * cosDiffRight;
-        coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, lowerRightDistance);
-        coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, upperRightDistance);
-        coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, lowerRightDistance);
-        coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, upperRightDistance);
-
-        b = sinhr * cosDiffRight;
-        extremum = std::log((coshr + b) / (coshr - b)) / 2;
-        if (extremum < maxRHyper && extremum >= minRHyper) {
-            double extremeDistance =
-                std::cosh(extremum) * coshr - std::sinh(extremum) * sinhr * cosDiffRight;
-            coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, extremeDistance);
-            coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, extremeDistance);
-        }
-
-        assert(coshMaxDistance >= 1);
-        assert(coshMinDistance >= 1);
-
-        // upper and lower borders
-        if (phi >= leftAngle && phi < rightAngle) {
-            double lower = std::cosh(std::abs(r_h - minRHyper));
-            double upper = std::cosh(std::abs(r_h - maxRHyper));
-            coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, lower);
-            coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, upper);
-            coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, upper);
-            coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, lower);
-        }
-
-        assert(coshMaxDistance >= 1);
-        assert(coshMinDistance >= 1);
-
-        // again with mirrored phi
-        double mirrorphi;
-        if (phi >= PI)
-            mirrorphi = phi - PI;
-        else
-            mirrorphi = phi + PI;
-        if (mirrorphi >= leftAngle && mirrorphi < rightAngle) {
-            double lower = coshMinR * coshr + sinhMinR * sinhr;
-            double upper = coshMaxR * coshr + sinhMaxR * sinhr;
-            coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, lower);
-            coshMinDistance = std::min(coshMinDistance, upper);
-            coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, upper);
-            coshMaxDistance = std::max(coshMaxDistance, lower);
-        }
-
-        assert(coshMaxDistance >= 1);
-        assert(coshMinDistance >= 1);
-
-        double minDistance, maxDistance;
-        minDistance = std::acosh(coshMinDistance);
-        maxDistance = std::acosh(coshMaxDistance);
-        assert(maxDistance >= 0);
-        assert(minDistance >= 0);
-        return std::pair<double, double>(minDistance, maxDistance);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Does the point at (angle, r) fall inside the region managed by this QuadNode?
-     *
-     * @param angle Angular coordinate of input point
-     * @param r Radial coordinate of input points
-     *
-     * @return True if input point lies within the region of this QuadNode
-     */
-    bool responsible(double angle, double r) const {
-        return (angle >= leftAngle && angle < rightAngle && r >= minR && r < maxR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get all Elements in this QuadNode or a descendant of it
-     *
-     * @return vector of content type T
-     */
-    std::vector<T> getElements() const {
-        if (isLeaf) {
-            return content;
-        } else {
-            assert(content.size() == 0);
-            assert(angles.empty());
-            assert(radii.empty());
-            vector<T> result;
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                std::vector<T> subresult = children[i].getElements();
-                result.insert(result.end(), subresult.begin(), subresult.end());
-            }
-            return result;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void getCoordinates(vector<double> &anglesContainer, vector<double> &radiiContainer) const {
-        assert(angles.size() == radii.size());
-        if (isLeaf) {
-            anglesContainer.insert(anglesContainer.end(), angles.begin(), angles.end());
-            radiiContainer.insert(radiiContainer.end(), radii.begin(), radii.end());
-        } else {
-            assert(content.size() == 0);
-            assert(angles.empty());
-            assert(radii.empty());
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                children[i].getCoordinates(anglesContainer, radiiContainer);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Don't use this!
-     * Code is still in here for a unit test.
-     *
-     * Get copy of the leaf cell responsible for a point at (angle, r).
-     * Expensive because it copies the whole subtree, causes assertion failure if called with the
-     * wrong arguments
-     *
-     * @param angle Angular coordinate of point
-     * @param r Radial coordinate of point
-     *
-     * @return Copy of leaf cell containing point, or dummy cell not responsible for point
-     *
-     */
-    QuadNode<T> &getAppropriateLeaf(double angle, double r) {
-        assert(this->responsible(angle, r));
-        if (isLeaf)
-            return *this; // will this return the reference to the subtree itself or to a copy?
-        else {
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                if (children[i].responsible(angle, r))
-                    return children[i].getAppropriateLeaf(angle, r);
-            }
-            throw std::runtime_error("No responsible child found.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Main query method, get points lying in a Euclidean circle around the center point.
-     * Optional limits can be given to get a different result or to reduce unnecessary comparisons
-     *
-     * Elements are pushed onto a vector which is a required argument. This is done to reduce
-     * copying
-     *
-     * Safe to call in parallel if diagnostics are disabled
-     *
-     * @param center Center of the query circle
-     * @param radius Radius of the query circle
-     * @param result Reference to the vector where the results will be stored
-     * @param minAngle Optional value for the minimum angular coordinate of the query region
-     * @param maxAngle Optional value for the maximum angular coordinate of the query region
-     * @param lowR Optional value for the minimum radial coordinate of the query region
-     * @param highR Optional value for the maximum radial coordinate of the query region
-     */
-    void getElementsInEuclideanCircle(Point2DWithIndex<double> center, double radius,
-                                      vector<T> &result, double minAngle = 0,
-                                      double maxAngle = 2 * PI, double lowR = 0,
-                                      double highR = 1) const {
-        if (!poincare)
-            throw std::runtime_error(
-                "Euclidean query circles not yet implemented for native hyperbolic coordinates.");
-        if (minAngle >= rightAngle || maxAngle <= leftAngle || lowR >= maxR || highR < lowerBoundR)
-            return;
-        if (outOfReach(center, radius)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (isLeaf) {
-            const double rsq = radius * radius;
-            const double queryX = center[0];
-            const double queryY = center[1];
-            const count cSize = content.size();
-
-            for (index i = 0; i < cSize; i++) {
-                const double deltaX = positions[i].getX() - queryX;
-                const double deltaY = positions[i].getY() - queryY;
-                if (deltaX * deltaX + deltaY * deltaY < rsq) {
-                    result.push_back(content[i]);
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                children[i].getElementsInEuclideanCircle(center, radius, result, minAngle, maxAngle,
-                                                         lowR, highR);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    count getElementsProbabilistically(Point2DWithIndex<double> euQuery,
-                                       std::function<double(double)> prob, bool suppressLeft,
-                                       vector<T> &result) const {
-        double phi_q, r_q;
-        HyperbolicSpace::cartesianToPolar(euQuery, phi_q, r_q);
-        if (suppressLeft && phi_q > rightAngle)
-            return 0;
-        TRACE("Getting hyperbolic distances");
-        auto distancePair = hyperbolicDistances(phi_q, r_q);
-        double probUB = prob(distancePair.first);
-        double probLB = prob(distancePair.second);
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-        assert(probLB <= probUB);
-#else
-        ((void)(probLB));
-#endif // NDEBUG
-        if (probUB > 0.5)
-            // if we are going to take every second element anyway, no use in calculating expensive
-            // jumps
-            probUB = 1;
-        if (probUB == 0)
-            return 0;
-        // TODO: return whole if probLB == 1
-        double probdenom = std::log(1 - probUB);
-        if (probdenom == 0) {
-            DEBUG(probUB, " not zero, but too small too process. Ignoring.");
-            return 0;
-        }
-        TRACE("probUB: ", probUB, ", probdenom: ", probdenom);
-
-        count expectedNeighbours = probUB * size();
-        count candidatesTested = 0;
-
-        if (isLeaf) {
-            const count lsize = content.size();
-            TRACE("Leaf of size ", lsize);
-            for (index i = 0; i < lsize; i++) {
-                // jump!
-                if (probUB < 1) {
-                    double random = Aux::Random::real();
-                    double delta = std::log(random) / probdenom;
-                    assert(delta == delta);
-                    assert(delta >= 0);
-                    i += delta;
-                    if (i >= lsize)
-                        break;
-                    TRACE("Jumped with delta ", delta, " arrived at ", i);
-                }
-
-                // see where we've arrived
-                candidatesTested++;
-                double distance;
-                if (poincare) {
-                    distance = HyperbolicSpace::poincareMetric(positions[i], euQuery);
-                } else {
-                    distance = HyperbolicSpace::nativeDistance(angles[i], radii[i], phi_q, r_q);
-                }
-                assert(distance >= distancePair.first);
-
-                double q = prob(distance);
-                // since the candidate was selected by the jumping process, we have to adjust the
-                // probabilities
-                q = q / probUB;
-
-                assert(q <= 1);
-                assert(q >= 0);
-
-                // accept?
-                double acc = Aux::Random::real();
-                if (acc < q) {
-                    TRACE("Accepted node ", i, " with probability ", q, ".");
-                    result.push_back(content[i]);
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (expectedNeighbours
-                < 1) { // select candidates directly instead of calling recursively
-                TRACE("probUB = ", probUB, ", switching to direct candidate selection.");
-                assert(probUB < 1);
-                const count stsize = size();
-                for (index i = 0; i < stsize; i++) {
-                    double delta = std::log(Aux::Random::real()) / probdenom;
-                    assert(delta >= 0);
-                    i += delta;
-                    TRACE("Jumped with delta ", delta, " arrived at ", i,
-                          ". Calling maybeGetKthElement.");
-                    if (i < size())
-                        // this could be optimized. As of now, the offset is subtracted  separately
-                        // for each point
-                        maybeGetKthElement(probUB, euQuery, prob, i, result);
-
-                    else
-                        break;
-                    candidatesTested++;
-                }
-            } else { // carry on as normal
-                for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                    TRACE("Recursively calling child ", i);
-                    candidatesTested += children[i].getElementsProbabilistically(
-                        euQuery, prob, suppressLeft, result);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return candidatesTested;
-    }
-
-    void maybeGetKthElement(double upperBound, Point2DWithIndex<double> euQuery,
-                            std::function<double(double)> prob, index k,
-                            vector<T> &circleDenizens) const {
-        TRACE("Maybe get element ", k, " with upper Bound ", upperBound);
-        assert(k < size());
-        if (isLeaf) {
-            double distance;
-            if (poincare) {
-                distance = HyperbolicSpace::poincareMetric(positions[k], euQuery);
-            } else {
-                double phi_q, r_q;
-                HyperbolicSpace::cartesianToPolar(euQuery, phi_q, r_q);
-                distance = HyperbolicSpace::nativeDistance(angles[k], radii[k], phi_q, r_q);
-            }
-            double acceptance = prob(distance) / upperBound;
-            TRACE("Is leaf, accept with ", acceptance);
-            if (Aux::Random::real() < acceptance)
-                circleDenizens.push_back(content[k]);
-        } else {
-            TRACE("Call recursively.");
-            index offset = 0;
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                count childsize = children[i].size();
-                if (k - offset < childsize) {
-                    children[i].maybeGetKthElement(upperBound, euQuery, prob, k - offset,
-                                                   circleDenizens);
-                    break;
-                }
-                offset += childsize;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Shrink all vectors in this subtree to fit the content.
-     * Call after quadtree construction is complete, causes better memory usage and cache efficiency
-     */
-    void trim() {
-        content.shrink_to_fit();
-        positions.shrink_to_fit();
-        angles.shrink_to_fit();
-        radii.shrink_to_fit();
-        if (!isLeaf) {
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                children[i].trim();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Number of points lying in the region managed by this QuadNode
-     */
-    count size() const { return isLeaf ? content.size() : subTreeSize; }
-
-    void recount() {
-        subTreeSize = 0;
-        for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-            children[i].recount();
-            subTreeSize += children[i].size();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Height of subtree hanging from this QuadNode
-     */
-    count height() const {
-        count result = 1; // if leaf node, the children loop will not execute
-        for (auto child : children)
-            result = std::max(result, child.height() + 1);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Leaf cells in the subtree hanging from this QuadNode
-     */
-    count countLeaves() const {
-        if (isLeaf)
-            return 1;
-        return std::accumulate(
-            children.begin(), children.end(), count{0},
-            [](count result, const auto &child) -> count { return result + child.countLeaves(); });
-    }
-
-    double getLeftAngle() const { return leftAngle; }
-
-    double getRightAngle() const { return rightAngle; }
-
-    double getMinR() const { return minR; }
-
-    double getMaxR() const { return maxR; }
-
-    index getID() const { return ID; }
-
-    index indexSubtree(index nextID) {
-        index result = nextID;
-        assert(children.size() == 4 || children.size() == 0);
-        for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-            result = children[i].indexSubtree(result);
-        }
-        this->ID = result;
-        return result + 1;
-    }
-
-    index getCellID(double phi, double r) const {
-        if (!responsible(phi, r))
-            return none;
-        if (isLeaf)
-            return getID();
-        else {
-            for (index i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
-                index childresult = children[i].getCellID(phi, r);
-                if (childresult != none)
-                    return childresult;
-            }
-            throw std::runtime_error(
-                "No responsible child node found even though this node is responsible.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    index getMaxIDInSubtree() const {
-        if (isLeaf)
-            return getID();
-        else {
-            index result = -1;
-            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                result = std::max(children[i].getMaxIDInSubtree(), result);
-            }
-            return std::max(result, getID());
-        }
-    }
-
-    count reindex(count offset) {
-        if (isLeaf) {
-#ifndef NETWORKIT_OMP2
-#pragma omp task
-#endif // NETWORKIT_OMP2
-            {
-                index p = offset;
-                std::generate(content.begin(), content.end(), [&p]() { return p++; });
-            }
-            offset += size();
-        } else {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                offset = children[i].reindex(offset);
-            }
-        }
-        return offset;
-    }
-};
-} // namespace NetworKit
-
-#endif // NETWORKIT_GENERATORS_QUADTREE_QUAD_NODE_HPP_