@knowvah/dot-engine 2.6.12 → 2.7.1

package/src/layout/neato/smart-ini-x.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
+
+/**
+ * Port of neatogen/smart_ini_x.c: `IMDS_given_dim`, which finds the second
+ * coordinate of a hierarchical layout given the first. The inner products of
+ * this file are inlined by the 16.1 arm64 `-O3 -flto=thin` build at each call
+ * site, so every site carries its own unfused block width (see matrix-ops.ts);
+ * the constants below name them.
+ *
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c
+ */
+
+import { crand } from '../../common/crand.js';
+import { conjugateGradientF } from './conjgrad.js';
+import type { VtxData } from './dijkstra.js';
+import { computeApsp } from './kkutils.js';
+import {
+  BLOCK_NONE,
+  copyVector,
+  fma,
+  innerProduct,
+  norm,
+  scadd,
+  vectorsScalarMult,
+} from './matrix-ops.js';
+
+const fr = Math.fround;
+
+/** `#define SCALE_FACTOR` @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c */
+const SCALE_FACTOR = 256;
+
+/** `DBL_EPSILON` @see float.h */
+const DBL_EPSILON = 2.220446049250313e-16;
+
+/** The `len < 1e-10` colinearity / null-space test of power iteration. */
+const POWER_LENGTH_FLOOR = 1e-10;
+
+/**
+ * Unfused block widths per inlined call site of the 16.1 arm64 `-O3 -flto=thin`
+ * build (`BLOCK_NONE` = plain scalar loop). Calibrated bit for bit against the
+ * oracle's own libneatogen.a on random DAGs (n = 5..40, 192 graphs): each width
+ * was the only one of {1, 4, 8, 16} matching the native intermediate values.
+ * Sites inside the eigenvector loops over earlier eigenvectors (j < i) are
+ * never reached: CMDS_orthog asks for one eigenvector.
+ */
+
+/** standardize: the norm of the centred vector. */
+const BLOCK_STANDARDIZE_NORM = 4;
+/** mat_mult_vec_orthog: each row of mat * vec. */
+const BLOCK_MAT_MULT_ROW = 4;
+/** mat_mult_vec_orthog: result . orthog. */
+const BLOCK_MAT_MULT_ORTHOG = 8;
+/** power iteration: orthog . guess. */
+const BLOCK_GUESS_ORTHOG = 8;
+/** power iteration: norm of the orthogonalized guess (scalar loop). */
+const BLOCK_GUESS_LEN = BLOCK_NONE;
+/** power iteration: norm inside the iteration (scalar loop). */
+const BLOCK_LOOP_LEN = BLOCK_NONE;
+/** power iteration: curr . last. */
+const BLOCK_ANGLE = 8;
+/**
+ * IMDS_given_dim: the sum1/sum2 loops. The disassembly shows a 16-wide body
+ * and a 4-wide epilogue; on the harness data 4 and a scalar loop agree.
+ */
+const BLOCK_UNIFORM_SUMS = 4;
+/** compute_avgs: sums of squared int distances (exact below 2^26, so unobservable). */
+const BLOCK_AVGS = 4;
+
+/** Dense float matrix (`float **`), one `Float32Array` per row. */
+type FloatMatrix = Float32Array[];
+
+/**
+ * Centre `orthog` and scale it to unit length (left alone when degenerate).
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:standardize
+ */
+function standardize(orthog: Float64Array, nvtxs: number): void {
+  let avg = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < nvtxs; i++) avg += orthog[i]!;
+  avg /= nvtxs;
+
+  /* centralize: */
+  for (let i = 0; i < nvtxs; i++) orthog[i] = orthog[i]! - avg;
+
+  /* normalize: */
+  const len = norm(orthog, nvtxs - 1, BLOCK_STANDARDIZE_NORM);
+
+  // if we have a degenerate length, do not attempt to scale by it
+  if (Math.abs(len) < DBL_EPSILON) return;
+
+  vectorsScalarMult(nvtxs, orthog, 1.0 / len, orthog);
+}
+
+/**
+ * result = (I - orthog orthog^T) mat vec, `mat` being dim1 x dim2.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:mat_mult_vec_orthog
+ */
+function matMultVecOrthog(
+  mat: FloatMatrix,
+  dim: number,
+  vec: Float64Array,
+  result: Float64Array,
+  orthog: Float64Array,
+): void {
+  /* computes mat*vec, where mat is a dim*dim matrix */
+  const blocked = dim - (dim % BLOCK_MAT_MULT_ROW);
+  for (let i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+    const row = mat[i]!;
+    let sum = 0;
+    let j = 0;
+    for (; j < blocked; j++) sum += row[j]! * vec[j]!;
+    for (; j < dim; j++) sum = fma(row[j]!, vec[j]!, sum);
+    result[i] = sum;
+  }
+  const alpha = -innerProduct(dim, result, orthog, BLOCK_MAT_MULT_ORTHOG);
+  scadd(result, dim - 1, alpha, orthog);
+}
+
+/** Inputs of power iteration shared by its phases. */
+interface PowerIteration {
+  mat: FloatMatrix;
+  n: number;
+  eigs: Float64Array[];
+  evals: Float64Array;
+  orthog: Float64Array;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Orthogonalize `vec` against the first `count` eigenvectors.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:power_iteration_orthog
+ */
+function orthogonalizeAgainstEigs(
+  p: PowerIteration,
+  vec: Float64Array,
+  count: number,
+  block: number,
+): void {
+  for (let j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+    const alpha = -innerProduct(p.n, p.eigs[j]!, vec, block);
+    scadd(vec, p.n - 1, alpha, p.eigs[j]!);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Guess the i-th eigenvector (`choose:` in C): random, orthogonal to `orthog`
+ * and the earlier eigenvectors, normalized; retried while nearly colinear.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:power_iteration_orthog
+ */
+function chooseStartVector(p: PowerIteration, i: number): void {
+  const curr = p.eigs[i]!;
+  for (;;) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < p.n; j++) curr[j] = crand() % 100;
+    const alpha = -innerProduct(p.n, p.orthog, curr, BLOCK_GUESS_ORTHOG);
+    scadd(curr, p.n - 1, alpha, p.orthog);
+    // orthogonalize against higher eigenvectors
+    orthogonalizeAgainstEigs(p, curr, i, BLOCK_NONE);
+    const len = norm(curr, p.n - 1, BLOCK_GUESS_LEN);
+    if (len < POWER_LENGTH_FLOOR) continue; // colinear with previous ones: goto choose
+    vectorsScalarMult(p.n, curr, 1.0 / len, curr);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Result of one eigenvector's power iteration. */
+interface IterationResult {
+  /** true when the null space was reached (C `goto exit`). */
+  nullSpace: boolean;
+  eval: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Iterate `curr` to the dominant eigenvector (`do { } while` in C).
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:power_iteration_orthog
+ */
+function iterateEigenvector(
+  p: PowerIteration,
+  i: number,
+  tol: number,
+  work: { tmp: Float64Array; last: Float64Array },
+): IterationResult {
+  const curr = p.eigs[i]!;
+  for (;;) {
+    copyVector(p.n, curr, work.last);
+    matMultVecOrthog(p.mat, p.n, curr, work.tmp, p.orthog);
+    copyVector(p.n, work.tmp, curr);
+    /* orthogonalize against higher eigenvectors */
+    orthogonalizeAgainstEigs(p, curr, i, BLOCK_NONE);
+    const len = norm(curr, p.n - 1, BLOCK_LOOP_LEN);
+    if (len < POWER_LENGTH_FLOOR) {
+      /* We have reached the null space (e.vec. associated with e.val. 0) */
+      return { nullSpace: true, eval: 0 };
+    }
+    vectorsScalarMult(p.n, curr, 1.0 / len, curr);
+    const angle = innerProduct(p.n, curr, work.last, BLOCK_ANGLE);
+    if (!(Math.abs(angle) < tol)) {
+      /* the Rayleigh quotient (up to errors due to orthogonalization) */
+      return { nullSpace: false, eval: angle * len };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remaining eigenvectors, probably of eigenvalue 0, for which power
+ * iteration is dangerous: random, orthogonalized, normalized, eval 0.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:power_iteration_orthog
+ */
+function fillNullSpaceEigenvectors(p: PowerIteration, from: number, neigs: number): void {
+  for (let i = from; i < neigs; i++) {
+    const curr = p.eigs[i]!;
+    /* guess the i-th eigen vector */
+    for (let j = 0; j < p.n; j++) curr[j] = crand() % 100;
+    /* orthogonalize against higher eigenvectors */
+    orthogonalizeAgainstEigs(p, curr, i, BLOCK_NONE);
+    const len = norm(curr, p.n - 1, BLOCK_NONE);
+    vectorsScalarMult(p.n, curr, 1.0 / len, curr);
+    p.evals[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sort the vectors by decreasing eigenvalue, against possible mis-convergence.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:power_iteration_orthog
+ */
+function sortEigenvectors(p: PowerIteration, neigs: number, tmp: Float64Array): void {
+  for (let i = 0; i < neigs - 1; i++) {
+    let largestIndex = i;
+    let largestEval = p.evals[largestIndex]!;
+    for (let j = i + 1; j < neigs; j++) {
+      if (largestEval < p.evals[j]!) {
+        largestIndex = j;
+        largestEval = p.evals[largestIndex]!;
+      }
+    }
+    if (largestIndex !== i) { // exchange eigenvectors:
+      copyVector(p.n, p.eigs[i]!, tmp);
+      copyVector(p.n, p.eigs[largestIndex]!, p.eigs[i]!);
+      copyVector(p.n, tmp, p.eigs[largestIndex]!);
+
+      p.evals[largestIndex] = p.evals[i]!;
+      p.evals[i] = largestEval;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Power iteration with (I - orthog orthog^T) mat (I - orthog orthog^T).
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:power_iteration_orthog
+ */
+function powerIterationOrthog(
+  p: PowerIteration,
+  neigsIn: number,
+  pIterationThreshold: number,
+): void {
+  const work = { tmp: new Float64Array(p.n), last: new Float64Array(p.n) };
+  const tol = 1 - pIterationThreshold;
+  const neigs = neigsIn >= p.n ? p.n : neigsIn;
+
+  let i = 0;
+  for (; i < neigs; i++) {
+    chooseStartVector(p, i);
+    const res = iterateEigenvector(p, i, tol, work);
+    if (res.nullSpace) break; // goto exit (i is not advanced)
+    p.evals[i] = res.eval;
+  }
+  fillNullSpaceEigenvectors(p, i, neigs);
+  sortEigenvectors(p, neigs, work.tmp);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Row and overall averages of the squared distances, as floats.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:compute_avgs
+ */
+function computeAvgs(Dij: Int32Array[], n: number): { rowAvg: Float32Array; allAvg: number } {
+  const rowAvg = new Float32Array(n);
+  let sum = 0;
+  const blocked = n - (n % BLOCK_AVGS);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    let sumRow = 0;
+    const row = Dij[i]!;
+    let j = 0;
+    for (; j < blocked; j++) {
+      sum += row[j]! * row[j]!;
+      sumRow += row[j]! * row[j]!;
+    }
+    for (; j < n; j++) {
+      sum = fma(row[j]!, row[j]!, sum);
+      sumRow = fma(row[j]!, row[j]!, sumRow);
+    }
+    rowAvg[i] = fr(fr(sumRow) / n);
+  }
+  return { rowAvg, allAvg: fr(fr(sum) / (n * n)) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The double-centred squared-distance matrix, as floats.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:compute_Bij
+ */
+function computeBij(Dij: Int32Array[], n: number): FloatMatrix {
+  const Bij: FloatMatrix = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) Bij.push(new Float32Array(n));
+
+  const { rowAvg, allAvg } = computeAvgs(Dij, n);
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
+      // -(float)D*D + row_avg[i] contracts to fmsub (float), then two float ops
+      const fD = fr(Dij[i]![j]!);
+      const t = fr(fma(-fD, fD, rowAvg[i]!));
+      Bij[i]![j] = fr(fr(t + rowAvg[j]!) - allAvg);
+      Bij[j]![i] = Bij[i]![j]!;
+    }
+  }
+  return Bij;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Classical MDS in one dimension, orthogonal to `orthog`.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:CMDS_orthog
+ */
+function cmdsOrthog(
+  n: number,
+  dim: number,
+  eigs: Float64Array[],
+  tol: number,
+  input: { orthog: Float64Array; Dij: Int32Array[] },
+): void {
+  const { orthog, Dij } = input;
+  const Bij = computeBij(Dij, n);
+  const evals = new Float64Array(dim);
+
+  const orthogAux = Float64Array.from(orthog.subarray(0, n));
+  standardize(orthogAux, n);
+  powerIterationOrthog({ mat: Bij, n, eigs, evals, orthog: orthogAux }, dim, tol);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) eigs[i]![j] = eigs[i]![j]! * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(evals[i]!));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Scale `x` so that distances along it best fit the ideal ones; returns the
+ * scale (`uniLength`, 0 when the sums overflow).
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:IMDS_given_dim
+ */
+function scaleGivenCoords(Dij: Int32Array[], n: number, x: Float64Array): number {
+  let sum1 = 0;
+  let sum2 = 0;
+  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+    const blocked = i - (i % BLOCK_UNIFORM_SUMS);
+    for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      const d = Dij[i]![j]!;
+      const f = Math.abs(x[i]! - x[j]!);
+      const t1 = 1.0 / d;
+      const t2 = (1.0 / Math.imul(d, d)) * f;
+      if (j < blocked) {
+        sum1 += t1 * f;
+        sum2 += t2 * f;
+      } else {
+        sum1 = fma(t1, f, sum1);
+        sum2 = fma(t2, f, sum2);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  const uniLength = Math.abs(sum2) === Infinity ? 0 : sum1 / sum2;
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) x[i] = x[i]! * uniLength;
+  return uniLength;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The Laplacian of the weights w_ij = 1 / D_ij^2, as floats.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:IMDS_given_dim
+ */
+function computeLaplacian(Dij: Int32Array[], n: number): FloatMatrix {
+  const lap: FloatMatrix = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const row = new Float32Array(n);
+    let degree = fr(0);
+    for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+      if (j === i) continue;
+      const w = fr(fr(-1.0) / fr(fr(Dij[i]![j]!) * fr(Dij[i]![j]!))); // w_{ij}
+      row[j] = w;
+      degree = fr(degree - w);
+    }
+    row[i] = degree;
+    lap.push(row);
+  }
+  return lap;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replace the distances by their residuals after removing the x component.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:IMDS_given_dim
+ */
+function computeResidualDistances(Dij: Int32Array[], n: number, x: Float64Array): void {
+  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+    const posI = x[i]!;
+    for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      const t = posI - x[j]!;
+      const d = Dij[i]![j]!;
+      const diff = fma(d, d, -(t * t));
+      const v = diff > 0 ? Math.sqrt(diff) : 0;
+      Dij[i]![j] = v;
+      Dij[j]![i] = v;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * One entry of the balance vector: sum_j sign * delta_ij * w_ij, the sign
+ * following the order of y_i and y_j.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:IMDS_given_dim
+ */
+function balanceOf(i: number, n: number, y: Float64Array, ctx: BalanceCtx): number {
+  const posI = y[i]!;
+  let b = 0;
+  for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+    if (j === i) continue;
+    const term = fr(fr(ctx.Dij[i]![j]!) * -ctx.lap[i]![j]!); // w_{ij}*delta_{ij}
+    if (posI >= y[j]!) b += term;
+    else b -= term;
+  }
+  return b;
+}
+
+/** Distances and Laplacian read by {@link balanceOf}. */
+interface BalanceCtx {
+  Dij: Int32Array[];
+  lap: FloatMatrix;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Alternate conjugate gradient and balance updates until the balance is stable.
+ * Returns 1 when conjugate gradient fails (C tests `< 0`, which it never is).
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:IMDS_given_dim
+ */
+function solveBalanced(
+  ctx: BalanceCtx,
+  n: number,
+  y: Float64Array,
+  balance: Float64Array,
+  convTol: number,
+): 0 | 1 {
+  let converged = false;
+  for (let iterations2 = 0; iterations2 < 200 && !converged; iterations2++) {
+    if (conjugateGradientF(ctx.lap, y, balance, n, { tol: convTol, maxIterations: n, ortho1: true }) < 0) return 1;
+    converged = true;
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      const b = balanceOf(i, n, y, ctx);
+      if (b !== balance[i] && Math.abs(1 - b / balance[i]!) > 1e-5) {
+        converged = false;
+        balance[i] = b;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute `newCoords` (y) given `givenCoords` (x) for a hierarchical layout;
+ * `givenCoords` is rescaled in place and restored at the end. Returns 1 when
+ * conjugate gradient fails.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/smart_ini_x.c:IMDS_given_dim
+ */
+export function imdsGivenDim(
+  graph: VtxData[],
+  n: number,
+  givenCoords: Float64Array,
+  newCoords: Float64Array,
+  conjTol: number,
+): 0 | 1 {
+  const x = givenCoords;
+  const y = newCoords;
+  const Dij = computeApsp(graph, n);
+
+  /* scaling up the distances to enable an 'sqrt' operation later
+   * (in case distances are integers) */
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) Dij[i]![j] = Dij[i]![j]! * SCALE_FACTOR;
+  }
+
+  const uniLength = scaleGivenCoords(Dij, n, x);
+
+  /* smart ini: */
+  cmdsOrthog(n, 1, [y], conjTol, { orthog: x, Dij });
+
+  /* Compute Laplacian: */
+  const lap = computeLaplacian(Dij, n);
+
+  /* compute residual distances */
+  computeResidualDistances(Dij, n, x);
+
+  /* Compute the balance vector: */
+  const ctx: BalanceCtx = { Dij, lap };
+  const balance = new Float64Array(n);
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) balance[i] = balanceOf(i, n, y, ctx);
+
+  if (solveBalanced(ctx, n, y, balance, conjTol) === 1) return 1;
+
+  for (let i = 0; !(Math.abs(uniLength) < DBL_EPSILON) && i < n; i++) {
+    x[i] = x[i]! / uniLength;
+    y[i] = y[i]! / uniLength;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}

package/src/layout/neato/splines.ts

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ import type { SplineInfo, PolygonT, TextlabelT } from '../../common/types.js';
 import { polygonOutlineRing } from '../../common/poly-sizing.js';
 import { fma, fms } from '../../common/fma.js';
 import { ShapeKind } from '../../common/types.js';
-import type { ExpandT } from './sep-factor.js';
-import { esepFactor } from './sep-factor.js';
+import { esepFactor, type ExpandT } from './sep-factor.js';
+import { libmCos, libmSin } from '../../common/libm-trig.js';
 import type { Poly, VConfig } from '../../pathplan/types.js';
 import {
   obsOpen, obsClose, obsPath,
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ function ellipseTangentSlope(a: number, b: number, p: Point): number {
 function circumscribedCorner(a: number, b: number, i: number, nsides: number): Point {
   const angle0 = (2 * Math.PI * (i - 0.5)) / nsides;
   const angle1 = (2 * Math.PI * (i + 0.5)) / nsides;
-  const p0 = { x: a * Math.cos(angle0), y: b * Math.sin(angle0) };
-  const p1 = { x: a * Math.cos(angle1), y: b * Math.sin(angle1) };
+  const p0 = { x: a * libmCos(angle0), y: b * libmSin(angle0) }; // host libm
+  const p1 = { x: a * libmCos(angle1), y: b * libmSin(angle1) };
   const m0 = ellipseTangentSlope(a, b, p0);
   const m1 = ellipseTangentSlope(a, b, p1);
   // line_intersection, contracted as the binary: fnmsub, fmls, +; y = fmadd.

package/src/layout/neato/start.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 /**
  * Neato `start` handling (setSeed / initRegular / checkStart) and the
  * fail-loud checks for the neato init features this port does not have
- * (smart init, the subset/circuit distance models, hier/ipsep modes).
+ * (smart init for the stress path, the subset/circuit distance models, ipsep
+ * with constraints). mode=hier runs `stress_majorization_with_hierarchy`; its
+ * own unported branches (subset/circuit models, the smart-init fallback
+ * without a hierarchy) are loud in constrained-majorization.ts.
  *
  * Each loud check sits where neato's C branches into the unported code and
  * fires only for the modes whose C path reaches it (ADR-3).
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ import {
   MODE_KK, MODE_MAJOR, MODE_HIER, MODE_IPSEP, MODE_SGD,
   MODEL_CIRCUIT, MODEL_SUBSET,
 } from './init.js';
-import { agerrLineOn } from '../../common/agerr.js';
+import { agerrLineOn, agwarningf } from '../../common/agerr.js';
 
 /** @see lib/neatogen/neato.h:INIT_SELF */
 export const INIT_SELF = 0;
@@ -144,14 +147,12 @@ export function neatoMode(g: Graph): number {
   if (str === undefined || str === '') return MODE_MAJOR;
   const mode = modeByName().get(str);
   if (mode !== undefined) return mode;
-  agerrLineOn('warn', `Illegal value ${str} for attribute "mode" in graph ${g.root.name} - ignored`);
+  agwarningf(`Illegal value ${str} for attribute "mode" in graph ${g.root.name} - ignored`);
   return MODE_MAJOR;
 }
 
 function checkMode(g: Graph, mode: number): void {
-  const value = g.root.attrs.get('mode') || (mode === MODE_HIER ? 'hier' : 'ipsep');
-  // @see lib/neatogen/neatoinit.c:1117 (stress_majorization_with_hierarchy)
-  if (mode === MODE_HIER) unsupported('mode', value, 'hierarchical stress majorization');
+  const value = g.root.attrs.get('mode') || 'ipsep';
   // @see lib/neatogen/neatoinit.c:1121-1170 (stress_majorization_cola)
   if (mode === MODE_IPSEP && ipsepHasConstraints(g)) {
     unsupported('mode', value, 'constrained (ipsep) majorization');

package/src/layout/neato/stress.ts

@@ -296,6 +296,34 @@ export class DijHelper {
   }
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// mdsModel
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Packed shortest paths with the user-supplied edge lengths written over the
+ * entries of adjacent nodes; `null` (C `NULL`) when the graph carries no
+ * lengths (`graph->ewgts == NULL`, an empty `ewgts` here). C's `delta`
+ * accumulator is only printed under `Verbose` and is not ported.
+ * @see lib/neatogen/stress.c:mdsModel
+ */
+export function mdsModel(graph: VtxData[], nG: number): Float32Array | null {
+  if (graph[0]!.ewgts.length === 0) return null;
+  // first, compute shortest paths to fill in non-edges
+  const Dij = computeWeightedApspPacked(graph, nG);
+  // then, replace edge entries with user-supplied len
+  let shift = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < nG; i++) {
+    shift += i;
+    for (let e = 1; e < graph[i]!.nedges; e++) {
+      const j = graph[i]!.edges[e]!;
+      if (j < i) continue;
+      Dij[i * nG + j - shift] = graph[i]!.ewgts[e]!;
+    }
+  }
+  return Dij;
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // CoordHelper — coordinate conversion and initialization
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

package/src/model/edge.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { Node } from './node.js';
+import { EMPTY_ATTRS } from './lazy-attrs.js';
 import { type EdgeInfo, makeEdgeInfo, makePort } from './edgeInfo.js';
 
 /**
@@ -93,12 +94,12 @@ export class Edge {
   info: EdgeInfo;
 
   /** @see lib/cgraph/edge.c:agedge */
-  constructor(tail: Node, head: Node, name: string) {
+  constructor(tail: Node, head: Node, name: string, lazyAttrs = false) {
     this.seq = Edge._nextSeq++;
     this.tail = tail;
     this.head = head;
     this.name = name;
-    this.attrs = new Map();
+    this.attrs = lazyAttrs ? EMPTY_ATTRS : new Map();
     this.info = makeEdgeInfo(makePort(), makePort());
   }
 }

package/src/model/lazy-attrs.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
+
+/**
+ * Shared empty attribute map for dot virtual nodes/edges (AD-12).
+ *
+ * C virtual nodes/edges carry no attribute record; allocating an empty `Map`
+ * per object cost ~372 B per virtual pair. Virtual objects start with this
+ * single shared map instead; reads see an empty map, and the first write goes
+ * through {@link ownAttrs}, which materialises a private `Map`. A direct
+ * mutation of the shared map throws rather than leaking into every virtual.
+ * @see lib/dotgen/fastgr.c:virtual_node
+ */
+
+class SharedEmptyAttrs extends Map<string, string> {
+  override set(key: string, _value: string): never {
+    throw new Error(`attrs.set("${key}") on a shared empty map; use ownAttrs()`);
+  }
+  override delete(key: string): never {
+    throw new Error(`attrs.delete("${key}") on a shared empty map; use ownAttrs()`);
+  }
+  override clear(): never {
+    throw new Error('attrs.clear() on a shared empty map; use ownAttrs()');
+  }
+}
+
+/** The one shared empty attribute map (read-only by construction). */
+export const EMPTY_ATTRS: Map<string, string> = new SharedEmptyAttrs();
+
+/**
+ * Return the object's private attribute map, materialising it on first write
+ * when the object still holds {@link EMPTY_ATTRS}.
+ */
+export function ownAttrs(o: { attrs: Map<string, string> }): Map<string, string> {
+  if (o.attrs === EMPTY_ATTRS) o.attrs = new Map();
+  return o.attrs;
+}

package/src/model/node.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 import type { Edge } from './edge.js';
 import type { Graph } from './graph.js';
+import { EMPTY_ATTRS } from './lazy-attrs.js';
 import { type NodeInfo, makeNodeInfo } from './nodeInfo.js';
 
 /**
@@ -64,10 +65,10 @@ export class Node {
   nodeDefaultsSnapshot?: Map<string, string>;
 
   /** @see lib/cgraph/node.c:agnode */
-  constructor(id: number, name: string, root: Graph) {
+  constructor(id: number, name: string, root: Graph, lazyAttrs = false) {
     this.id = id;
     this.name = name;
-    this.attrs = new Map();
+    this.attrs = lazyAttrs ? EMPTY_ATTRS : new Map();
     this.info = makeNodeInfo();
     this.root = root;
   }

package/src/ortho/index.ts

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
 } from "./sgraph.js";
 import { convertSPtoRoute, assignSegs, assignTracks, vtrack, htrack } from "./ortho-route.js";
 import { gvQsort } from "../util/bsd-qsort.js";
-import { agerrLineOn } from '../common/agerr.js';
+import { agwarningf } from '../common/agerr.js';
 
 export type { OrthoGraph, OrthoEdge, OrthoNode, OrthoPoint, ClipAndInstallFn };
 export { SEED } from "./partition.js";
@@ -145,8 +145,7 @@ export function orthoEdges(
   clipAndInstall?: ClipAndInstallFn,
 ): number {
   if (useLbls) {
-    agerrLineOn(
-      'warn',
+    agwarningf(
       "Orthogonal edges do not currently handle edge labels. Try using xlabels.\n",
     );
     useLbls = false; // eslint-disable-line no-param-reassign