@khanacademy/perseus 3.0.0 → 4.0.0

package/src/renderer.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,1992 @@
+/* eslint-disable react/no-unsafe */
+import * as PerseusLinter from "@khanacademy/perseus-linter";
+import classNames from "classnames";
+import $ from "jquery";
+import * as React from "react";
+import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
+import _ from "underscore";
+
+import AssetContext from "./asset-context";
+import SvgImage from "./components/svg-image";
+import TeX from "./components/tex";
+import Zoomable from "./components/zoomable";
+import ZoomableTeX from "./components/zoomable-tex";
+import {DefinitionProvider} from "./definition-context";
+import {getDependencies} from "./dependencies";
+import ErrorBoundary from "./error-boundary";
+import InteractionTracker from "./interaction-tracker";
+import Objective from "./interactive2/objective_";
+import JiptParagraphs from "./jipt-paragraphs";
+import {Errors, Log} from "./logging/log";
+import {ClassNames as ApiClassNames, ApiOptions} from "./perseus-api";
+import {PerseusError} from "./perseus-error";
+import PerseusMarkdown from "./perseus-markdown";
+import QuestionParagraph from "./question-paragraph";
+import TranslationLinter from "./translation-linter";
+import Util from "./util";
+import preprocessTex from "./util/katex-preprocess";
+import WidgetContainer from "./widget-container";
+import * as Widgets from "./widgets";
+
+import type {PerseusRenderer, PerseusWidgetOptions} from "./perseus-types";
+import type {
+    APIOptions,
+    APIOptionsWithDefaults,
+    FilterCriterion,
+    FocusPath,
+    LinterContextProps,
+    PerseusDependencies,
+    PerseusScore,
+    WidgetInfo,
+    WidgetProps,
+} from "./types";
+
+import "./styles/perseus-renderer.less";
+
+const {mapObject, mapObjectFromArray} = Objective;
+
+const rContainsNonWhitespace = /\S/;
+const rImageURL = /(web\+graphie|https):\/\/[^\s]*/;
+
+const noopOnRender = () => {};
+
+const SHOULD_CLEAR_WIDGETS_PROP_LIST = ["content", "problemNum", "widgets"];
+
+// Check if one focus path / id path is a prefix of another
+// The focus path null will never be a prefix of any non-null
+// path, since it represents no focus.
+// Otherwise, prefix is calculated by whether every array
+// element in the prefix is present in the same position in the
+// wholeArray path.
+const isIdPathPrefix = function (
+    prefixArray: FocusPath,
+    wholeArray: FocusPath,
+) {
+    if (prefixArray === null || wholeArray === null) {
+        return prefixArray === wholeArray;
+    }
+
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'readonly string[] | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Collection<any>'.
+    return _.every(prefixArray, (elem: string, i: number) => {
+        if (wholeArray != null) {
+            return _.isEqual(elem, wholeArray[i]);
+        }
+    });
+};
+
+type WidgetState = {
+    isMobile?: boolean;
+    inTable?: boolean;
+    key?: number;
+    paragraphIndex?: number;
+    foundFullWidth?: boolean;
+    baseElements?: any;
+};
+
+type SetWidgetPropsFn = (
+    id: string,
+    newProps: any,
+    cb: () => boolean,
+    // Widgets can call `onChange` with `silent` set to `true` to prevent
+    // interaction events from being triggered in listeners.
+    silent?: boolean,
+) => void;
+
+// The return type for getUserInput. Widgets have full control of what is
+// returned so it's not easily typed (some widgets return a scalar (string),
+// some return a custom-built object, some delegate to
+// `WidgetJsonifyDeprecated` which returns an object containing widget props
+// (filtered by deprecated keys)).
+type WidgetUserInput = any;
+
+type SerializedState = {
+    [id: string]: any;
+};
+
+export type Widget = {
+    focus: () =>
+        | {
+              id: string;
+              path: FocusPath;
+          }
+        | boolean;
+    getDOMNodeForPath: (path: FocusPath) => Element | Text | null;
+    deselectIncorrectSelectedChoices?: () => void;
+    restoreSerializedState: (props: any, callback: () => void) => any;
+    // TODO(jeremy): I think this return value is wrong. The widget
+    // getSerializedState should just return _its_ serialized state, not a
+    // key/value list of all widget states (i think!)
+    // Returns widget state that can be passed back to `restoreSerializedState`
+    // to put the widget back into exactly the same state. If the widget does
+    // not implement this function, the renderer simply returns all of the
+    // widget's props.
+    getSerializedState?: () => SerializedState; // SUSPECT,
+    getGrammarTypeForPath: (path: FocusPath) => string;
+    blurInputPath?: (path: FocusPath) => null;
+    focusInputPath?: (path: FocusPath) => null;
+    getInputPaths?: () => ReadonlyArray<FocusPath>;
+    setInputValue?: (
+        path: FocusPath,
+        newValue: string,
+        // TODO(jeremy): I think this is actually a callback
+        focus: () => unknown,
+    ) => void;
+    getUserInput?: () => WidgetUserInput | null | undefined;
+    simpleValidate?: (
+        options?: any,
+        onOutputError?: (
+            widgetId: any,
+            value: string,
+            message?: string | null | undefined,
+        ) => unknown | null | undefined,
+    ) => PerseusScore;
+    showRationalesForCurrentlySelectedChoices?: (options?: any) => void;
+    examples?: () => ReadonlyArray<string>;
+};
+
+type Props = {
+    apiOptions?: APIOptions;
+    alwaysUpdate?: boolean;
+    findExternalWidgets: any;
+    highlightedWidgets?: ReadonlyArray<any>;
+    images: PerseusRenderer["images"];
+    keypadElement?: any; // TODO(kevinb): add proper flow types,
+    onInteractWithWidget: (id: string) => void;
+    onRender: (node?: any) => void;
+    problemNum?: number;
+    questionCompleted?: boolean;
+    reviewMode?: boolean | null | undefined;
+    content: PerseusRenderer["content"];
+    serializedState?: any;
+    // Callback which is called when serialized state changes with the new
+    // serialized state.
+    onSerializedStateUpdated: (serializedState: {
+        [key: string]: any;
+    }) => unknown;
+    // If linterContext.highlightLint is true, then content will be passed
+    // to the linter and any warnings will be highlighted in the rendered
+    // output.
+    linterContext: LinterContextProps;
+    legacyPerseusLint?: ReadonlyArray<string>;
+    widgets: PerseusRenderer["widgets"];
+};
+
+type State = {
+    translationLintErrors: ReadonlyArray<string>;
+    widgetInfo: Readonly<{
+        [id: string]: WidgetInfo | null | undefined;
+    }>;
+    widgetProps: Readonly<{
+        [id: string]: any | null | undefined;
+    }>;
+    jiptContent: any;
+    lastUsedWidgetId: string | null | undefined;
+};
+
+type Context = LinterContextProps & {
+    content: string;
+    widgets: {
+        [id: string]: any;
+    };
+    // This is inexact because LinterContextProps is inexact
+};
+
+type DefaultProps = {
+    alwaysUpdate: Props["alwaysUpdate"];
+    content: Props["content"];
+    findExternalWidgets: Props["findExternalWidgets"];
+    highlightedWidgets: Props["highlightedWidgets"];
+    images: Props["images"];
+    linterContext: Props["linterContext"];
+    onInteractWithWidget: Props["onInteractWithWidget"];
+    onRender: Props["onRender"];
+    onSerializedStateUpdated: Props["onSerializedStateUpdated"];
+    questionCompleted: Props["questionCompleted"];
+    reviewMode: Props["reviewMode"];
+    serializedState: Props["serializedState"];
+    widgets: Props["widgets"];
+};
+
+class Renderer extends React.Component<Props, State> {
+    _currentFocus: FocusPath | null | undefined;
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property '_foundTextNodes' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    _foundTextNodes: boolean;
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property '_interactionTrackers' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    _interactionTrackers: {
+        [id: string]: InteractionTracker;
+    };
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property '_isMounted' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    _isMounted: boolean;
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property '_isTwoColumn' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    _isTwoColumn: boolean;
+
+    // The i18n linter.
+    _translationLinter: TranslationLinter;
+
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property 'lastRenderedMarkdown' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    lastRenderedMarkdown: React.ReactElement<
+        React.ComponentProps<PerseusDependencies["KatexProvider"]>
+    >;
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property 'reuseMarkdown' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    reuseMarkdown: boolean;
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property 'translationIndex' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    translationIndex: number;
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2564 - Property 'widgetIds' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.
+    widgetIds: Array<string>;
+
+    static defaultProps: DefaultProps = {
+        content: "",
+        widgets: {},
+        images: {},
+        highlightedWidgets: [],
+        questionCompleted: false,
+        // onRender may be called multiple times per render, for example
+        // if there are multiple images or TeX pieces within `content`.
+        // It is a good idea to debounce any functions passed here.
+        onRender: noopOnRender,
+        onInteractWithWidget: function () {},
+        findExternalWidgets: () => [],
+        alwaysUpdate: false,
+        reviewMode: false,
+        serializedState: null,
+        onSerializedStateUpdated: () => {},
+        linterContext: PerseusLinter.linterContextDefault,
+    };
+
+    constructor(props: Props, context: Context) {
+        super(props, context);
+        this._translationLinter = new TranslationLinter();
+
+        this.state = {
+            jiptContent: null,
+
+            // TranslationLinter is async and currently does not contain a
+            // location. This is a list of error strings TranslationLinter
+            // detected on its last run.
+            translationLintErrors: [],
+
+            // The ID of the last widget the user interacted with. We'll
+            // use this to set the `isLastUsedWidget` flag on the
+            // corresponding widget.
+            lastUsedWidgetId: null,
+
+            ...this._getInitialWidgetState(props),
+        };
+    }
+
+    componentDidMount() {
+        this._isMounted = true;
+
+        // figure out why we're passing an empty object
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type '{}' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Props'.
+        this.handleRender({});
+        this._currentFocus = null;
+
+        // TODO(emily): actually make the serializedState prop work like a
+        // controlled prop, instead of manually calling .restoreSerializedState
+        // at the right times.
+        if (this.props.serializedState) {
+            this.restoreSerializedState(this.props.serializedState);
+        }
+
+        if (this.props.linterContext.highlightLint) {
+            // Get i18n lint errors asynchronously. If there are lint errors,
+            // this component will be rerendered.
+            this._translationLinter.runLinter(
+                this.props.content,
+                this.handletranslationLintErrors,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    UNSAFE_componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps: Props) {
+        if (
+            !_.isEqual(
+                _.pick(this.props, SHOULD_CLEAR_WIDGETS_PROP_LIST),
+                _.pick(nextProps, SHOULD_CLEAR_WIDGETS_PROP_LIST),
+            )
+        ) {
+            this.setState(this._getInitialWidgetState(nextProps));
+        }
+    }
+
+    shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps: Props, nextState: State): any | boolean {
+        // QUESTION(jeremy): Shouldn't we look at `nextProps` here? Otherwise
+        // we're always looking "one render behind".
+        if (this.props.alwaysUpdate) {
+            // TOTAL hacks so that findWidgets doesn't break
+            // when one widget updates without the other.
+            // See passage-refs inside radios, which was why
+            // this was introduced.
+            // I'm sorry!
+            // TODO(aria): cry
+            //
+            // HACK(djf): I've also set this alwaysUpdate property from
+            // async-renderer.jsx in the manticore-package. I'm doing this
+            // to work around an infinite loop of some sort that started
+            // happening in manticore after the React 16 update. After
+            // clicking around in the manticore exercise editor (for example)
+            // the UI would freeze up, and the debugger would show that
+            // we were always deep in a recursion on the propsChanged line
+            // below. There is some kind of timing issue causing some kind
+            // of infinite loop, but by avoiding the time-consuming deep
+            // equal comparisons on our props (which are often huge) I can
+            // no longer reproduce the bug.
+            // TODO(djf): Remove this comment
+            // https://khanacademy.atlassian.net/browse/CP-834 is resolved.
+            return true;
+        }
+        const stateChanged = !_.isEqual(this.state, nextState);
+        const propsChanged = !_.isEqual(this.props, nextProps);
+        return propsChanged || stateChanged;
+    }
+
+    UNSAFE_componentWillUpdate(nextProps: Props, nextState: State) {
+        const oldJipt = this.shouldRenderJiptPlaceholder(
+            this.props,
+            this.state,
+        );
+        const newJipt = this.shouldRenderJiptPlaceholder(nextProps, nextState);
+        const oldContent = this.getContent(this.props, this.state);
+        const newContent = this.getContent(nextProps, nextState);
+        const oldHighlightedWidgets = this.props.highlightedWidgets;
+        const newHighlightedWidgets = nextProps.highlightedWidgets;
+
+        // TODO(jared): This seems to be a perfect overlap with
+        // "shouldComponentUpdate" -- can we just remove this
+        // componentWillUpdate and the reuseMarkdown attr?
+        this.reuseMarkdown =
+            !oldJipt &&
+            !newJipt &&
+            oldContent === newContent &&
+            _.isEqual(
+                this.state.translationLintErrors,
+                nextState.translationLintErrors,
+            ) &&
+            // If we are running the linter then we need to know when
+            // widgets have changed because we need for force the linter to
+            // run when that happens. Note: don't do identity comparison here:
+            // it can cause frequent re-renders that break MathJax somehow
+            (!this.props.linterContext.highlightLint ||
+                _.isEqual(this.props.widgets, nextProps.widgets)) &&
+            // If the linter is turned on or off, we have to rerender
+            this.props.linterContext.highlightLint ===
+                nextProps.linterContext.highlightLint &&
+            // yes, this is identity array comparison, but these are passed
+            // in from state in the item-renderer, so they should be
+            // identity equal unless something changed, and it's expensive
+            // to loop through them to look for differences.
+            // Technically, we could reuse the markdown when this changes,
+            // but to do that we'd have to do more expensive checking of
+            // whether a widget should be highlighted in the common case
+            // where this array hasn't changed, so we just redo the whole
+            // render if this changed
+            oldHighlightedWidgets === newHighlightedWidgets;
+    }
+
+    componentDidUpdate(prevProps: Props, prevState: State) {
+        this.handleRender(prevProps);
+        // We even do this if we did reuse the markdown because
+        // we might need to update the widget props on this render,
+        // even though we have the same widgets.
+        // WidgetContainers don't update their widgets' props when
+        // they are re-rendered, so even if they've been
+        // re-rendered we need to call these methods on them.
+        _.each(this.widgetIds, (id) => {
+            // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-string-refs
+            const container = this.refs["container:" + id];
+            // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2339 - Property 'replaceWidgetProps' does not exist on type 'ReactInstance'.
+            container && container.replaceWidgetProps(this.getWidgetProps(id));
+        });
+
+        if (
+            this.props.serializedState &&
+            !_.isEqual(this.props.serializedState, this.getSerializedState())
+        ) {
+            this.restoreSerializedState(this.props.serializedState);
+        }
+
+        if (this.props.linterContext.highlightLint) {
+            // Get i18n lint errors asynchronously. If lint errors have changed
+            // since the last run, this component will be rerendered.
+            this._translationLinter.runLinter(
+                this.props.content,
+                this.handletranslationLintErrors,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    componentWillUnmount() {
+        // Clean out the list of widgetIds when unmounting, as this list is
+        // meant to be consistent with the refs controlled by the renderer, and
+        // refs are also cleared out during unmounting.
+        // (This may not be totally necessary, but mobile clients have been
+        // seeing JS errors due to an inconsistency between the list of
+        // widgetIds and the child refs of the renderer.
+        // See: https://phabricator.khanacademy.org/D32420.)
+        this.widgetIds = [];
+
+        if (this.translationIndex != null) {
+            // NOTE(jeremy): Since the translationIndex is simply the array
+            // index of each renderer, we can't remove Renderers from this
+            // list, rather, we simply null out the entry (which means that
+            // this array's growth is unbounded until a page reload).
+            getDependencies().rendererTranslationComponents.removeComponentAtIndex(
+                this.translationIndex,
+            );
+        }
+
+        this._isMounted = false;
+    }
+
+    getApiOptions: () => APIOptionsWithDefaults = () => {
+        return {
+            ...ApiOptions.defaults,
+            ...this.props.apiOptions,
+        };
+    };
+
+    _getInitialWidgetState: (props: Props) => {
+        widgetInfo: State["widgetInfo"];
+        widgetProps: State["widgetProps"];
+    } = (props: Props) => {
+        const allWidgetInfo = this._getAllWidgetsInfo(props);
+        return {
+            widgetInfo: allWidgetInfo,
+            widgetProps: this._getAllWidgetsStartProps(allWidgetInfo, props),
+        };
+    };
+
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2322 - Type '(props: Props) => Partial<Record<string, CategorizerWidget | CSProgramWidget | DefinitionWidget | DropdownWidget | ... 35 more ... | VideoWidget>>' is not assignable to type '(props: Props) => { [key: string]: PerseusWidget; }'.
+    _getAllWidgetsInfo: (props: Props) => {
+        [key: string]: WidgetInfo;
+    } = (props: Props) => {
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type '{ [key: string]: PerseusWidget; }' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Partial<Record<string, CategorizerWidget>>'.
+        return mapObject(props.widgets, (widgetInfo, widgetId) => {
+            if (!widgetInfo.type || !widgetInfo.alignment) {
+                const newValues: Record<string, any> = {};
+
+                if (!widgetInfo.type) {
+                    newValues.type = widgetId.split(" ")[0];
+                }
+                if (!widgetInfo.alignment) {
+                    newValues.alignment = "default";
+                }
+
+                widgetInfo = _.extend({}, widgetInfo, newValues);
+            }
+            return Widgets.upgradeWidgetInfoToLatestVersion(widgetInfo);
+        });
+    };
+
+    _getAllWidgetsStartProps: (
+        allWidgetInfo: {
+            [key: string]: WidgetInfo;
+        },
+        props: Props,
+    ) => any = (allWidgetInfo, props) => {
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type '{ [key: string]: PerseusWidget; }' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Partial<Record<string, CategorizerWidget>>'.
+        return mapObject(allWidgetInfo, (widgetInfo) => {
+            return Widgets.getRendererPropsForWidgetInfo(
+                widgetInfo,
+                props.problemNum,
+            );
+        });
+    };
+
+    // This is only used in _getWidgetInfo as a fallback if widgetId
+    // doesn't exist in this.state.widgetInfo.  It doesn't get run as
+    // part of the happy path.
+    // TODO(LP-10713): Refactor how we handle widgetIds that don't exist
+    // in this.state.widgetInfo.
+    _getDefaultWidgetInfo: (widgetId: string) => any = (widgetId: string) => {
+        const widgetIdParts = Util.rTypeFromWidgetId.exec(widgetId);
+        if (widgetIdParts == null) {
+            // We should probably return null here since there's no
+            // widget with the given id.
+            // NOTE(jeremy): Further, the widgetId we were given does not even
+            // look like a widget ID (ie. `widget-type \d+`). I can't figure
+            // out how to trigger this line of code though.
+            /* c8 ignore next line */
+            return {};
+        }
+        return {
+            type: widgetIdParts[1],
+            graded: true,
+            options: {},
+        };
+    };
+
+    _getWidgetInfo: (widgetId: string) => WidgetInfo = (
+        widgetId: string,
+    ): WidgetInfo => {
+        return (
+            this.state.widgetInfo[widgetId] ||
+            this._getDefaultWidgetInfo(widgetId)
+        );
+    };
+
+    renderWidget: (
+        impliedType: string,
+        id: string,
+        state: WidgetState,
+    ) => null | React.ReactNode = (
+        impliedType: string,
+        id: string,
+        state: WidgetState,
+    ) => {
+        const widgetInfo = this.state.widgetInfo[id];
+
+        if (widgetInfo && widgetInfo.alignment === "full-width") {
+            state.foundFullWidth = true;
+        }
+
+        if (widgetInfo) {
+            const type = (widgetInfo && widgetInfo.type) || impliedType;
+            const shouldHighlight = _.contains(
+                // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'readonly any[] | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Collection<any>'.
+                this.props.highlightedWidgets,
+                id,
+            );
+
+            // By this point we should have no duplicates, which are
+            // filtered out in this.render(), so we shouldn't have to
+            // worry about using this widget key and ref:
+            return (
+                <ErrorBoundary key={"container:" + id}>
+                    <WidgetContainer
+                        ref={"container:" + id}
+                        type={type}
+                        initialProps={this.getWidgetProps(id)}
+                        shouldHighlight={shouldHighlight}
+                        linterContext={PerseusLinter.pushContextStack(
+                            this.props.linterContext,
+                            "widget",
+                        )}
+                    />
+                </ErrorBoundary>
+            );
+        }
+        return null;
+    };
+
+    getWidgetProps: (id: string) => WidgetProps<any, PerseusWidgetOptions> = (
+        id,
+    ) => {
+        const apiOptions = this.getApiOptions();
+        const widgetProps = this.state.widgetProps[id] || {};
+
+        // The widget needs access to its "rubric" at all times when in review
+        // mode (which is really just part of its widget info).
+        let reviewModeRubric = null;
+        const widgetInfo = this.state.widgetInfo[id];
+        if (this.props.reviewMode && widgetInfo) {
+            reviewModeRubric = widgetInfo.options;
+        }
+
+        if (!this._interactionTrackers) {
+            this._interactionTrackers = {};
+        }
+
+        let interactionTracker = this._interactionTrackers[id];
+        if (!interactionTracker) {
+            interactionTracker = this._interactionTrackers[id] =
+                new InteractionTracker(
+                    apiOptions.trackInteraction,
+                    // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-call]
+                    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'string | null | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
+                    widgetInfo && widgetInfo.type,
+                    id,
+                    // $FlowFixMe[incompatible-call]
+                    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'string | null | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
+                    Widgets.getTracking(widgetInfo && widgetInfo.type),
+                );
+        }
+
+        return {
+            ...widgetProps,
+            ref: id,
+            widgetId: id,
+            alignment: widgetInfo && widgetInfo.alignment,
+            // When determining if a widget is static, we verify that the widget is not an
+            // exercise question by verifying that it has no problem number.
+            static: widgetInfo && widgetInfo.static && !this.props.problemNum,
+            problemNum: this.props.problemNum,
+            apiOptions: this.getApiOptions(),
+            keypadElement: this.props.keypadElement,
+            questionCompleted: this.props.questionCompleted,
+            onFocus: _.partial(this._onWidgetFocus, id),
+            onBlur: _.partial(this._onWidgetBlur, id),
+            findWidgets: this.findWidgets,
+            reviewModeRubric: reviewModeRubric,
+            onChange: (newProps, cb, silent = false) => {
+                this._setWidgetProps(id, newProps, cb, silent);
+            },
+            trackInteraction: interactionTracker.track,
+            isLastUsedWidget: id === this.state.lastUsedWidgetId,
+        };
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Serializes the questions state so it can be recovered.
+     *
+     * The return value of this function can be sent to the
+     * `restoreSerializedState` method to restore this state.
+     *
+     * If an instance of widgetProps is passed in, it generates the serialized
+     * state from that instead of the current widget props.
+     */
+    getSerializedState: (widgetProps?: any) => {
+        [id: string]: any;
+    } = (
+        widgetProps: any,
+    ): {
+        [id: string]: any;
+    } => {
+        return mapObject(
+            widgetProps || this.state.widgetProps,
+            (props, widgetId) => {
+                const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+                if (widget && widget.getSerializedState) {
+                    return widget.getSerializedState();
+                }
+                return props;
+            },
+        );
+    };
+
+    restoreSerializedState: (
+        serializedState: SerializedState,
+        callback?: () => void,
+    ) => void = (serializedState: SerializedState, callback?: () => void) => {
+        // Do some basic validation on the serialized state (just make sure the
+        // widget IDs are what we expect).
+        const serializedWidgetIds = _.keys(serializedState);
+        const widgetPropIds = _.keys(this.state.widgetProps);
+
+        // If the two lists of IDs match (ignoring order)
+        if (
+            serializedWidgetIds.length !== widgetPropIds.length ||
+            _.intersection(serializedWidgetIds, widgetPropIds).length !==
+                serializedWidgetIds.length
+        ) {
+            Log.error(
+                "Refusing to restore bad serialized state:",
+                Errors.Internal,
+                {
+                    loggedMetadata: {
+                        serializedState: JSON.stringify(serializedState),
+                        currentProps: JSON.stringify(this.state.widgetProps),
+                    },
+                },
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // We want to wait until any children widgets who have a
+        // restoreSerializedState function also call their own callbacks before
+        // we declare that the operation is finished.
+        let numCallbacks = 1;
+        const fireCallback = () => {
+            --numCallbacks;
+            if (callback && numCallbacks === 0) {
+                callback();
+            }
+        };
+
+        this.setState(
+            {
+                widgetProps: mapObject(serializedState, (props, widgetId) => {
+                    const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+                    if (widget && widget.restoreSerializedState) {
+                        // Note that we probably can't call
+                        // `this.change()/this.props.onChange()` in this
+                        // function, so we take the return value and use
+                        // that as props if necessary so that
+                        // `restoreSerializedState` in a widget can
+                        // change the props as well as state.
+                        // If a widget has no props to change, it can
+                        // safely return null.
+                        ++numCallbacks;
+                        const restoreResult = widget.restoreSerializedState(
+                            props,
+                            fireCallback,
+                        );
+                        return _.extend(
+                            {},
+                            this.state.widgetProps[widgetId],
+                            restoreResult,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    return props;
+                }),
+            },
+            () => {
+                // Wait until all components have rendered. In React 16 setState
+                // callback fires immediately after this componentDidUpdate, and
+                // there is no guarantee that parent/siblings components have
+                // finished rendering.
+                // TODO(jeff, CP-3128): Use Wonder Blocks Timing API
+                // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+                setTimeout(fireCallback, 0);
+            },
+        );
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tell each of the radio widgets to show rationales for each of the
+     * currently selected choices inside of them. If the widget is correct, it
+     * shows rationales for all of the choices. This also disables interaction
+     * with the choices that we show rationales for.
+     */
+    showRationalesForCurrentlySelectedChoices: () => void = () => {
+        Object.keys(this.props.widgets).forEach((widgetId) => {
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+            if (widget && widget.showRationalesForCurrentlySelectedChoices) {
+                widget.showRationalesForCurrentlySelectedChoices(
+                    this._getWidgetInfo(widgetId).options,
+                );
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tells each of the radio widgets to deselect any of the incorrect choices
+     * that are currently selected (leaving correct choices still selected).
+     */
+    deselectIncorrectSelectedChoices: () => void = () => {
+        // TODO(emily): this has the exact same structure as
+        // showRationalesForCurrentlySelectedChoices above. Maybe DRY this up.
+        Object.keys(this.props.widgets).forEach((widgetId) => {
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+            if (widget && widget.deselectIncorrectSelectedChoices) {
+                widget.deselectIncorrectSelectedChoices();
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Allows inter-widget communication.
+     *
+     * This function yields this Renderer's own internal widgets, and it's used
+     * in two places.
+     *
+     * First, we expose our own internal widgets to each other by giving them
+     * a `findWidgets` function that, in turn, calls this function.
+     *
+     * Second, we expose our own internal widgets to this Renderer's parent,
+     * by allowing it to call this function directly. That way, it can hook us
+     * up to other Renderers on the page, by writing a `findExternalWidgets`
+     * prop that calls each other Renderer's `findInternalWidgets` function.
+     *
+     * Takes a `filterCriterion` on which widgets to return.
+     * `filterCriterion` can be one of:
+     *  * A string widget id
+     *  * A string widget type
+     *  * a function from (id, widgetInfo, widgetComponent) to true or false
+     *
+     * Returns an array of the matching widget components.
+     *
+     * If you need to do logic with more than the components, it is possible
+     * to do such logic inside the filter, rather than on the result array.
+     *
+     * See the passage-ref widget for an example.
+     *
+     * "Remember: abilities are not inherently good or evil, it's how you use
+     * them." ~ Kyle Katarn
+     * Please use this one with caution.
+     */
+    findInternalWidgets: (
+        filterCriterion: FilterCriterion,
+    ) => ReadonlyArray<Widget | null | undefined> = (
+        filterCriterion: FilterCriterion,
+    ) => {
+        let filterFunc;
+        // Convenience filters:
+        // "interactive-graph 3" will give you [[interactive-graph 3]]
+        // "interactive-graph" will give you all interactive-graphs
+        if (typeof filterCriterion === "string") {
+            if (filterCriterion.indexOf(" ") !== -1) {
+                const widgetId = filterCriterion;
+                filterFunc = (
+                    id: string,
+                    widgetInfo: WidgetInfo,
+                    widget?: Widget | null,
+                ) => id === widgetId;
+            } else {
+                const widgetType = filterCriterion;
+                filterFunc = (
+                    id: string,
+                    widgetInfo: WidgetInfo,
+                    widget?: Widget | null,
+                ) => {
+                    return widgetInfo.type === widgetType;
+                };
+            }
+        } else {
+            filterFunc = filterCriterion;
+        }
+
+        const results: ReadonlyArray<Widget | null | undefined> = this.widgetIds
+            .filter((id: string) => {
+                const widgetInfo = this._getWidgetInfo(id);
+                const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(id);
+                return filterFunc(id, widgetInfo, widget);
+            })
+            .map(this.getWidgetInstance);
+
+        return results;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Allows inter-widget communication.
+     *
+     * Includes both widgets internal to this Renderer, and external widgets
+     * exposed by the `findExternalWidgets` prop.
+     *
+     * See `findInteralWidgets` for more information.
+     */
+    findWidgets: (filterCriterion: FilterCriterion) => any = (
+        filterCriterion: FilterCriterion,
+    ) => {
+        return [
+            ...this.findInternalWidgets(filterCriterion),
+            ...this.props.findExternalWidgets(filterCriterion),
+        ];
+    };
+
+    getWidgetInstance: (id: string) => Widget | null | undefined = (
+        id: string,
+    ): Widget | null | undefined => {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-string-refs
+        const ref = this.refs["container:" + id];
+        if (!ref) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2339 - Property 'getWidget' does not exist on type 'ReactInstance'.
+        return ref.getWidget();
+    };
+
+    _onWidgetFocus: (id: string, focusPath?: ReadonlyArray<string>) => void = (
+        id: string,
+        focusPath: ReadonlyArray<string> = [],
+    ) => {
+        if (!_.isArray(focusPath)) {
+            throw new PerseusError(
+                "widget props.onFocus focusPath must be an Array, " +
+                    "but was" +
+                    JSON.stringify(focusPath),
+                Errors.Internal,
+            );
+        }
+        this._setCurrentFocus([id].concat(focusPath));
+    };
+
+    _onWidgetBlur: (id: string, blurPath: FocusPath) => void = (
+        id: string,
+        blurPath: FocusPath,
+    ) => {
+        const blurringFocusPath = this._currentFocus;
+
+        // Failsafe: abort if ID is different, because focus probably happened
+        // before blur
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2769 - No overload matches this call.
+        const fullPath = [id].concat(blurPath);
+        if (!_.isEqual(fullPath, blurringFocusPath)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Wait until after any new focus events fire this tick before
+        // declaring that nothing is focused.
+        // If a different widget was focused, we'll see an onBlur event
+        // now, but then an onFocus event on a different element before
+        // this callback is executed
+        _.defer(() => {
+            if (_.isEqual(this._currentFocus, blurringFocusPath)) {
+                this._setCurrentFocus(null);
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    getContent: (props: Props, state: State) => any = (
+        props: Props,
+        state: State,
+    ) => {
+        return state.jiptContent || props.content;
+    };
+
+    shouldRenderJiptPlaceholder: (props: Props, state: State) => boolean = (
+        props: Props,
+        state: State,
+    ): boolean => {
+        // TODO(aria): Pass this in via webapp as an apiOption
+        return (
+            getDependencies().JIPT.useJIPT &&
+            state.jiptContent == null &&
+            props.content.indexOf("crwdns") !== -1
+        );
+    };
+
+    replaceJiptContent: (content: string, paragraphIndex: number) => void = (
+        content: string,
+        paragraphIndex: number,
+    ) => {
+        if (paragraphIndex == null) {
+            // we're not translating paragraph-wise; replace the whole content
+            // (we could also theoretically check for apiOptions.isArticle
+            // here, which is what causes paragraphIndex to not be null)
+            this.setState({
+                jiptContent: content,
+            });
+        } else {
+            // This is the same regex we use in perseus/translate.py to find
+            // code blocks. We use it to count entire code blocks as
+            // paragraphs.
+            const codeFenceRegex =
+                /^\s*(`{3,}|~{3,})\s*(\S+)?\s*\n([\s\S]+?)\s*\1\s*$/;
+
+            if (codeFenceRegex.test(content)) {
+                // If a paragraph is a code block, we're going to treat it as a
+                // single paragraph even if it has double-newlines in it, so
+                // skip the next two checks.
+            } else if (/\S\n\s*\n\S/.test(content)) {
+                // Our "render the exact same QuestionParagraphs each time"
+                // strategy will fail if we allow translating a paragraph
+                // to more than one paragraph. This hack renders as a single
+                // paragraph and lets the translator know to not use \n\n,
+                // hopefully. We can't wait for linting because we can't
+                // safely render the node.
+                // TODO(aria): Check for the max number of backticks or tildes
+                // in the content, and just render a red code block of the
+                // content here instead?
+                content =
+                    "$\\large{\\red{\\text{Please translate each " +
+                    "paragraph to a single paragraph.}}}$";
+            } else if (/^\s*$/.test(content)) {
+                // We similarly can't have an all-whitespace paragraph, or
+                // we will parse it as the closing of the previous paragraph
+                content =
+                    "$\\large{\\red{\\text{Translated paragraph is " +
+                    "currently empty}}}$";
+            }
+            // Split the paragraphs; we have to use getContent() in case
+            // nothing has been translated yet (in which case we just have
+            // this.props.content)
+            const allContent = this.getContent(this.props, this.state);
+            const paragraphs = JiptParagraphs.parseToArray(allContent);
+            paragraphs[paragraphIndex] = content;
+            this.setState({
+                jiptContent: JiptParagraphs.joinFromArray(paragraphs),
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    // wrap top-level elements in a QuestionParagraph, mostly
+    // for appropriate spacing and other css
+    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2322 - Type '(ast: any, state: WidgetState) => never[] | JSX.Element' is not assignable to type '(ast: any, state: WidgetState) => ReactElement<any, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>>'.
+    outputMarkdown: (ast: any, state: WidgetState) => React.ReactElement = (
+        ast: any,
+        state: WidgetState,
+    ) => {
+        if (_.isArray(ast)) {
+            // This is duplicated from simple-markdown
+            // TODO(aria): Don't duplicate this logic
+            const oldKey = state.key;
+            const result = [];
+
+            // map nestedOutput over the ast, except group any text
+            // nodes together into a single string output.
+            // NOTE(aria): These are never strings--always QuestionParagraphs
+            // TODO(aria): We probably don't need this string logic here.
+            let lastWasString = false;
+            for (let i = 0; i < ast.length; i++) {
+                state.key = i;
+                state.paragraphIndex = i;
+                const nodeOut = this.outputMarkdown(ast[i], state);
+                const isString = typeof nodeOut === "string";
+                // NOTE(jeremy): As far as I can tell, this if is _never_
+                // reached. As noted above, these are always QuestionParagraphs
+                // now.
+                /* c8 ignore if */
+                if (typeof nodeOut === "string" && lastWasString) {
+                    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2322 - Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'never'.
+                    result[result.length - 1] += nodeOut;
+                } else {
+                    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'ReactElement<any, string | JSXElementConstructor<any>>' is not assignable to parameter of type 'never'.
+                    result.push(nodeOut);
+                }
+                lastWasString = isString;
+            }
+
+            state.key = oldKey;
+            return result;
+        }
+        // !!! WARNING: Mutative hacks! mutates `this._foundTextNodes`:
+        // because I wrote a bad interface to simple-markdown.js' `output`
+        this._foundTextNodes = false;
+        state.foundFullWidth = false;
+        const output = this.outputNested(ast, state);
+
+        // In Jipt-land, we need to render the exact same outer
+        // QuestionParagraph nodes always. This means the number of
+        // paragraphs needs to stay the same, and we can't modify
+        // the classnames on the QuestionParagraphs or we'll destroy
+        // the crowdin classnames. So we just only use the
+        // 'paragraph' classname from the QuestionParagraph.
+        // If this becomes a problem it would be easy to fix by wrapping
+        // the nodes in an extra layer (hopefully only for jipt) that
+        // handles the jipt classnames, and let this layer handle the
+        // dynamic classnames.
+        // We can't render the classes the first time and leave them
+        // the same because we don't know at the time of the first
+        // render whether they are full-bleed or centered, since they
+        // only contain crowdin IDs like `crwdns:972384209:0...`
+        let className;
+        if (this.translationIndex != null) {
+            className = null;
+        } else {
+            className = classNames({
+                "perseus-paragraph-centered": !this._foundTextNodes,
+                // There is only one node being rendered,
+                // and it's a full-width widget.
+                "perseus-paragraph-full-width":
+                    state.foundFullWidth && ast.content.length === 1,
+            });
+        }
+
+        return (
+            <QuestionParagraph
+                key={state.key}
+                className={className}
+                translationIndex={this.translationIndex}
+                paragraphIndex={state.paragraphIndex}
+            >
+                <ErrorBoundary>{output}</ErrorBoundary>
+            </QuestionParagraph>
+        );
+    };
+
+    // output non-top-level nodes or arrays
+    outputNested: (ast: any, state: WidgetState) => React.ReactElement = (
+        ast: any,
+        state: WidgetState,
+    ) => {
+        if (_.isArray(ast)) {
+            // This is duplicated from simple-markdown
+            // TODO(aria): Don't duplicate this logic
+            const oldKey = state.key;
+            const result: Array<string | React.ReactNode> = [];
+
+            // map nestedOutput over the ast, except group any text
+            // nodes together into a single string output.
+            let lastWasString = false;
+            for (let i = 0; i < ast.length; i++) {
+                state.key = i;
+                const nodeOut = this.outputNested(ast[i], state);
+                const isString = typeof nodeOut === "string";
+                if (typeof nodeOut === "string" && lastWasString) {
+                    /**
+                     * We know that last was string, but Flow can't see this
+                     * refinement.
+                     */
+                    result[result.length - 1] += nodeOut;
+                } else {
+                    result.push(nodeOut);
+                }
+                lastWasString = isString;
+            }
+
+            state.key = oldKey;
+            return result;
+        }
+        return this.outputNode(ast, this.outputNested, state);
+    };
+
+    // output individual AST nodes [not arrays]
+    outputNode: (
+        node: any,
+        nestedOutput: any,
+        state: WidgetState,
+    ) =>
+        | any
+        | null
+        | React.ReactElement<React.ComponentProps<"div">>
+        | React.ReactElement<React.ComponentProps<"span">>
+        | React.ReactNode = (
+        node: any,
+        nestedOutput: any,
+        state: WidgetState,
+    ) => {
+        const apiOptions = this.getApiOptions();
+        const imagePlaceholder = apiOptions.imagePlaceholder;
+
+        if (node.type === "widget") {
+            const widgetPlaceholder = apiOptions.widgetPlaceholder;
+
+            if (widgetPlaceholder) {
+                return widgetPlaceholder;
+            }
+            // Widgets can contain text nodes, so we don't center them with
+            // markdown magic here.
+            // Instead, we center them with css magic in articles.less
+            // /cry(aria)
+            this._foundTextNodes = true;
+
+            if (_.contains(this.widgetIds, node.id)) {
+                // We don't want to render a duplicate widget key/ref,
+                // as this causes problems with react (for obvious
+                // reasons). Instead we just notify the
+                // hopefully-content-creator that they need to change the
+                // widget id.
+                return (
+                    <span key={state.key} className="renderer-widget-error">
+                        {[
+                            "Widget [[",
+                            "☃",
+                            " ",
+                            node.id,
+                            "]] already exists.",
+                        ].join("")}
+                    </span>
+                );
+            }
+            this.widgetIds.push(node.id);
+            return this.renderWidget(node.widgetType, node.id, state);
+        }
+        if (node.type === "blockMath") {
+            // We render math here instead of in perseus-markdown.jsx
+            // because we need to pass it our onRender callback.
+            const content = preprocessTex(node.content);
+
+            const innerStyle = {
+                // HACK(benkomalo): we only want horizontal scrolling, but
+                // overflowX: 'auto' causes a vertical scrolling scrollbar
+                // as well, despite the parent and child elements having
+                // the exact same height. Force it to not scroll by
+                // applying overflowY: 'hidden'
+                overflowX: "auto",
+                overflowY: "hidden",
+
+                // HACK(kevinb): overflowY: 'hidden' inadvertently clips the
+                // top and bottom of some fractions.  We add padding to the
+                // top and bottom to avoid the clipping and then correct for
+                // the padding by adding equal but opposite margins.
+                paddingTop: 10,
+                paddingBottom: 10,
+                marginTop: -10,
+                marginBottom: -10,
+            } as const;
+
+            if (apiOptions.isMobile) {
+                // The style for the body of articles and exercises on mobile is
+                // to have a 16px margin.  When a user taps to zoom math we'd
+                // like the math to extend all the way to the edge of the page/
+                // To achieve this affect we nest the Zoomable component in two
+                // nested divs. The outer div has a negative margin to
+                // counteract the margin on main perseus container.  The inner
+                // div adds the margin back as padding so that when the math is
+                // scaled out it's inset from the edge of the page.  When the
+                // TeX component is full size it will extend to the edge of the
+                // page if it's larger than the page.
+                //
+                // TODO(kevinb) automatically determine the margin size
+                const margin = 16;
+                const outerStyle = {
+                    marginLeft: -margin,
+                    marginRight: -margin,
+                } as const;
+                const horizontalPadding = {
+                    paddingLeft: margin,
+                    paddingRight: margin,
+                } as const;
+
+                const mobileInnerStyle = {
+                    ...innerStyle,
+                    ...styles.mobileZoomableParentFix,
+                } as const;
+
+                return (
+                    <div
+                        key={state.key}
+                        className="perseus-block-math"
+                        style={outerStyle}
+                    >
+                        <ErrorBoundary>
+                            <div
+                                className="perseus-block-math-inner"
+                                style={{
+                                    ...mobileInnerStyle,
+                                    ...horizontalPadding,
+                                }}
+                            >
+                                <ZoomableTeX>{content}</ZoomableTeX>
+                            </div>
+                        </ErrorBoundary>
+                    </div>
+                );
+            }
+            return (
+                <div key={state.key} className="perseus-block-math">
+                    <ErrorBoundary>
+                        <div
+                            className="perseus-block-math-inner"
+                            style={innerStyle}
+                        >
+                            <AssetContext.Consumer>
+                                {({setAssetStatus}) => (
+                                    <TeX setAssetStatus={setAssetStatus}>
+                                        {content}
+                                    </TeX>
+                                )}
+                            </AssetContext.Consumer>
+                        </div>
+                    </ErrorBoundary>
+                </div>
+            );
+        }
+        if (node.type === "math") {
+            // Replace uses of \begin{align}...\end{align} which KaTeX doesn't
+            // support (yet) with \begin{aligned}...\end{aligned} which renders
+            // the same is supported by KaTeX.  It does the same for align*.
+            // TODO(kevinb) update content to use aligned instead of align.
+            const tex = node.content.replace(/\{align[*]?\}/g, "{aligned}");
+
+            // We render math here instead of in perseus-markdown.jsx
+            // because we need to pass it our onRender callback.
+            return (
+                <span
+                    key={state.key}
+                    style={{
+                        // If math is directly next to text, don't let it
+                        // wrap to the next line
+                        whiteSpace: "nowrap",
+                    }}
+                >
+                    <ErrorBoundary>
+                        {/* We add extra empty spans around the math to make it not
+                        wrap (I don't know why this works, but it does) */}
+                        <span />
+                        <AssetContext.Consumer>
+                            {({setAssetStatus}) => (
+                                <TeX
+                                    onRender={this.props.onRender}
+                                    setAssetStatus={setAssetStatus}
+                                >
+                                    {tex}
+                                </TeX>
+                            )}
+                        </AssetContext.Consumer>
+                        <span />
+                    </ErrorBoundary>
+                </span>
+            );
+        }
+        if (node.type === "image") {
+            if (imagePlaceholder) {
+                return imagePlaceholder;
+            }
+
+            // We need to add width and height to images from our
+            // props.images mapping.
+
+            // We do a _.has check here to avoid weird things like
+            // 'toString' or '__proto__' as a url.
+            const extraAttrs = _.has(this.props.images, node.target)
+                ? this.props.images[node.target]
+                : null;
+
+            // The width of a table column is determined by the widest table
+            // cell within that column, but responsive images constrain
+            // themselves to the width of their parent containers. Thus,
+            // responsive images don't do very well within tables. To avoid
+            // haphazard sizing, simply make images within tables unresponsive.
+            // TODO(alex): Make tables themselves responsive.
+            const responsive = !state.inTable;
+            return (
+                <ErrorBoundary key={state.key}>
+                    <AssetContext.Consumer>
+                        {({setAssetStatus}) => (
+                            <SvgImage
+                                setAssetStatus={setAssetStatus}
+                                /* $FlowFixMe[incompatible-type]: sanitizeUrl() can return null */
+                                // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2322 - Type 'string | null | undefined' is not assignable to type 'string | undefined'.
+                                src={PerseusMarkdown.sanitizeUrl(node.target)}
+                                alt={node.alt}
+                                title={node.title}
+                                responsive={responsive}
+                                onUpdate={this.props.onRender}
+                                zoomToFullSizeOnMobile={
+                                    apiOptions.isMobile && apiOptions.isArticle
+                                }
+                                {...extraAttrs}
+                            />
+                        )}
+                    </AssetContext.Consumer>
+                </ErrorBoundary>
+            );
+        }
+        if (node.type === "columns") {
+            // Note that we have two columns. This is so we can put
+            // a className on the outer renderer content for SAT.
+            // TODO(aria): See if there is a better way we can do
+            // things like this
+            this._isTwoColumn = true;
+            // but then render normally:
+            return (
+                <ErrorBoundary key={state.key}>
+                    {PerseusMarkdown.ruleOutput(node, nestedOutput, state)}
+                </ErrorBoundary>
+            );
+        }
+        if (node.type === "text") {
+            if (rContainsNonWhitespace.test(node.content)) {
+                this._foundTextNodes = true;
+            }
+
+            // Used by the translator portal to replace image URLs with
+            // placeholders, see preprocessWidgets in manticore-utils.js
+            // for more details.
+            if (imagePlaceholder && rImageURL.test(node.content)) {
+                return imagePlaceholder;
+            }
+            return node.content;
+        }
+        if (node.type === "table" || node.type === "titledTable") {
+            const output = PerseusMarkdown.ruleOutput(node, nestedOutput, {
+                ...state,
+                isMobile: apiOptions.isMobile,
+                inTable: true,
+            });
+
+            if (!apiOptions.isMobile) {
+                return output;
+            }
+
+            const margin = 16;
+            const outerStyle = {
+                marginLeft: -margin,
+                marginRight: -margin,
+            } as const;
+            const innerStyle = {
+                paddingLeft: 0,
+                paddingRight: 0,
+            } as const;
+            const mobileInnerStyle = {
+                ...innerStyle,
+                ...styles.mobileZoomableParentFix,
+            } as const;
+
+            const wrappedOutput = (
+                <div style={{...mobileInnerStyle, overflowX: "auto"}}>
+                    <ErrorBoundary>
+                        <Zoomable animateHeight={true}>{output}</Zoomable>
+                    </ErrorBoundary>
+                </div>
+            );
+
+            // TODO(benkomalo): how should we deal with tappable items inside
+            // of tables?
+            return <div style={outerStyle}>{wrappedOutput}</div>;
+        }
+        // If it's a "normal" or "simple" markdown node, just
+        // output it using its output rule.
+        return (
+            <ErrorBoundary key={state.key}>
+                {PerseusMarkdown.ruleOutput(node, nestedOutput, state)}
+            </ErrorBoundary>
+        );
+    };
+
+    handleRender: (prevProps: Props) => void = (prevProps: Props) => {
+        const onRender = this.props.onRender;
+        const oldOnRender = prevProps.onRender;
+
+        // In the common case of no callback specified, avoid this work.
+        if (onRender !== noopOnRender || oldOnRender !== noopOnRender) {
+            // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2769 - No overload matches this call. | TS2339 - Property 'find' does not exist on type 'JQueryStatic'.
+            const $images = $(ReactDOM.findDOMNode(this)).find("img");
+
+            // Fire callback on image load...
+            if (oldOnRender !== noopOnRender) {
+                $images.off("load", oldOnRender);
+            }
+
+            if (onRender !== noopOnRender) {
+                $images.on("load", onRender);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ...as well as right now (non-image, non-TeX or image from cache)
+        onRender();
+    };
+
+    // Sets the current focus path
+    // If the new focus path is not a prefix of the old focus path,
+    // we send an onChangeFocus event back to our parent.
+    _setCurrentFocus: (path: FocusPath) => void = (path: FocusPath) => {
+        const apiOptions = this.getApiOptions();
+
+        // We don't do this when the new path is a prefix because
+        // that prefix is already focused (we're just in a more specific
+        // area of it). This makes it safe to call _setCurrentFocus
+        // whenever a widget is interacted with--we won't wipe out
+        // our focus state if we are already focused on a subpart
+        // of that widget (i.e. a transformation NumberInput inside
+        // of a transformer widget).
+        if (!isIdPathPrefix(path, this._currentFocus)) {
+            const prevFocus = this._currentFocus;
+
+            if (prevFocus) {
+                this.blurPath(prevFocus);
+            }
+
+            this._currentFocus = path;
+            apiOptions.onFocusChange(this._currentFocus, prevFocus);
+        }
+    };
+
+    focus: () => boolean | null | undefined = () => {
+        let id;
+        let focusResult;
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.widgetIds.length; i++) {
+            const widgetId = this.widgetIds[i];
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+            const widgetFocusResult = widget && widget.focus && widget.focus();
+            if (widgetFocusResult) {
+                id = widgetId;
+                focusResult = widgetFocusResult;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (id) {
+            // reconstruct a {path, element} focus object
+            let path;
+            if (typeof focusResult === "object") {
+                // TODO(jeremy): I am 99% sure this path is no longer possible.
+                // In D10274, focus management sometimes returned an object
+                // with a `path` and `element` key. But later in D11387 and
+                // D13664 things have been changed and seemingly removed the
+                // object return value.
+                // The result of focus was a {path, id} object itself
+                path = [id].concat(focusResult.path || []);
+                Log.error(
+                    "Renderer received a focus result of type 'object' " +
+                        "instead of the expected type 'boolean'",
+                    Errors.Internal,
+                    {
+                        loggedMetadata: {
+                            focusResult: JSON.stringify(focusResult),
+                            currentProps: JSON.stringify(
+                                this.state.widgetProps,
+                            ),
+                        },
+                    },
+                );
+            } else {
+                // The result of focus was true or the like; just
+                // construct a root focus object
+                path = [id];
+            }
+
+            this._setCurrentFocus(path);
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    getDOMNodeForPath: (path: FocusPath) => Element | Text | null | undefined =
+        (path: FocusPath) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+            const widgetId = _.first(path);
+            // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+            const interWidgetPath = _.rest(path);
+
+            // Widget handles parsing of the interWidgetPath. If the path is empty
+            // beyond the widgetID, as a special case we just return the widget's
+            // DOM node.
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+            const getNode = widget && widget.getDOMNodeForPath;
+            if (getNode) {
+                return getNode(interWidgetPath);
+            }
+            if (interWidgetPath.length === 0) {
+                // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'Widget | null | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'ReactInstance | null | undefined'.
+                return ReactDOM.findDOMNode(widget);
+            }
+        };
+
+    getGrammarTypeForPath: (path: FocusPath) => string | null | undefined = (
+        path: FocusPath,
+    ) => {
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const widgetId = _.first(path);
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const interWidgetPath = _.rest(path);
+
+        const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+        if (widget && widget.getGrammarTypeForPath) {
+            return widget.getGrammarTypeForPath(interWidgetPath);
+        }
+    };
+
+    getInputPaths: () => ReadonlyArray<FocusPath> = () => {
+        const inputPaths: Array<FocusPath> = [];
+        _.each(this.widgetIds, (widgetId: string) => {
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+            if (widget && widget.getInputPaths) {
+                // Grab all input paths and add widgetID to the front
+                const widgetInputPaths = widget.getInputPaths();
+                // Prefix paths with their widgetID and add to collective
+                // list of paths.
+                // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type '(inputPath: string) => void' is not assignable to parameter of type 'CollectionIterator<FocusPath, void, readonly FocusPath[]>'.
+                _.each(widgetInputPaths, (inputPath: string) => {
+                    const relativeInputPath = [widgetId].concat(inputPath);
+                    inputPaths.push(relativeInputPath);
+                });
+            }
+        });
+
+        return inputPaths;
+    };
+
+    focusPath: (path: FocusPath) => void = (path: FocusPath) => {
+        // No need to focus if it's already focused
+        if (_.isEqual(this._currentFocus, path)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (this._currentFocus) {
+            // Unfocus old path, if exists
+            this.blurPath(this._currentFocus);
+        }
+
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const widgetId = _.first(path);
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const interWidgetPath = _.rest(path);
+
+        // Widget handles parsing of the interWidgetPath
+        const focusWidget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+        if (focusWidget && focusWidget.focusInputPath) {
+            focusWidget.focusInputPath(interWidgetPath);
+        }
+    };
+
+    blurPath: (path: FocusPath) => void = (path: FocusPath) => {
+        // No need to blur if it's not focused
+        if (!_.isEqual(this._currentFocus, path)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const widgetId = _.first(path);
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const interWidgetPath = _.rest(path);
+        const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+        // We might be in the editor and blurring a widget that no
+        // longer exists, so only blur if we actually found the widget
+        if (widget) {
+            const blurWidget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+            if (blurWidget && blurWidget.blurInputPath) {
+                // Widget handles parsing of the interWidgetPath
+                blurWidget.blurInputPath(interWidgetPath);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    blur: () => void = () => {
+        if (this._currentFocus) {
+            this.blurPath(this._currentFocus);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Serializes widget state. Seems to be used only by editors though.
+    serialize: () => Record<any, any> = () => {
+        const state: Record<string, any> = {};
+        _.each(
+            this.state.widgetInfo,
+            function (info, id) {
+                // eslint-disable-next-line @babel/no-invalid-this
+                // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2683 - 'this' implicitly has type 'any' because it does not have a type annotation.
+                // eslint-disable-next-line @babel/no-invalid-this
+                const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(id);
+                const s = widget.serialize();
+                if (!_.isEmpty(s)) {
+                    state[id] = s;
+                }
+            },
+            this,
+        );
+        return state;
+    };
+
+    emptyWidgets: () => any = () => {
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type '(id: string) => boolean | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Iteratee<string[], boolean, string>'.
+        return _.filter(this.widgetIds, (id) => {
+            const widgetInfo = this._getWidgetInfo(id);
+            if (widgetInfo.static) {
+                // Static widgets shouldn't count as empty
+                return false;
+            }
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(id);
+            if (widget && widget.simpleValidate) {
+                const score: PerseusScore = widget.simpleValidate(
+                    widgetInfo.options,
+                    // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'null' is not assignable to parameter of type '((widgetId: any, value: string, message?: string | null | undefined) => unknown) | undefined'.
+                    null,
+                );
+                return Util.scoreIsEmpty(score);
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    _setWidgetProps: SetWidgetPropsFn = (id, newProps, cb, silent) => {
+        this.setState(
+            (prevState) => {
+                const widgetProps = {
+                    ...prevState.widgetProps,
+                    [id]: {
+                        ...prevState.widgetProps[id],
+                        ...newProps,
+                    },
+                } as const;
+
+                // Update the `lastUsedWidgetId` to this widget - unless we're
+                // in silent mode. We only want to track the last widget that
+                // was actually _used_, and silent updates generally don't come
+                // from _usage_.
+                const lastUsedWidgetId = silent
+                    ? prevState.lastUsedWidgetId
+                    : id;
+
+                if (!silent) {
+                    this.props.onSerializedStateUpdated(
+                        this.getSerializedState(widgetProps),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                return {
+                    lastUsedWidgetId,
+                    widgetProps,
+                };
+            },
+            () => {
+                // Wait until all components have rendered. In React 16 setState
+                // callback fires immediately after this componentDidUpdate, and
+                // there is no guarantee that parent/siblings components have
+                // finished rendering.
+                // TODO(jeff, CP-3128): Use Wonder Blocks Timing API
+                // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+                setTimeout(() => {
+                    const cbResult = cb && cb();
+                    if (!silent) {
+                        this.props.onInteractWithWidget(id);
+                    }
+                    if (cbResult !== false) {
+                        // TODO(jack): For some reason, some widgets don't always
+                        // end up in refs here, which is repro-able if you make an
+                        // [[ orderer 1 ]] and copy-paste this, then change it to
+                        // be an [[ orderer 2 ]]. The resulting Renderer ends up
+                        // with an "orderer 2" ref but not an "orderer 1" ref.
+                        // @_@??
+                        // TODO(jack): Figure out why this is happening and fix it
+                        // As far as I can tell, this is only an issue in the
+                        // editor-page, so doing this shouldn't break clients
+                        // hopefully
+                        this._setCurrentFocus([id]);
+                    }
+                }, 0);
+            },
+        );
+    };
+
+    setInputValue: (
+        path: FocusPath,
+        newValue: string,
+        focus: () => unknown,
+    ) => void = (path, newValue, focus) => {
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const widgetId = _.first(path);
+        // @ts-expect-error [FEI-5003] - TS2345 - Argument of type 'FocusPath' is not assignable to parameter of type 'List<any>'.
+        const interWidgetPath = _.rest(path);
+        const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+
+        // Widget handles parsing of the interWidgetPath.
+        widget?.setInputValue?.(interWidgetPath, newValue, focus);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of the widget `.getUserInput()` results
+     */
+    getUserInput: () => ReadonlyArray<WidgetUserInput | null | undefined> =
+        () => {
+            return this.widgetIds.map((id: string) => {
+                const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(id);
+                if (widget && widget.getUserInput) {
+                    // TODO(Jeremy): Add the widget ID in here so we can more
+                    // easily correlate it to the widget state.
+                    return widget.getUserInput();
+                }
+            });
+        };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of all widget IDs in the order they occur in
+     * the content.
+     */
+    getWidgetIds: () => ReadonlyArray<string> = () => {
+        return this.widgetIds;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the result of `.getUserInput()` for each widget, in
+     * a map from widgetId to userInput.
+     * NOTE(jeremy): This function is hauntingly similar to `getUserInput` with
+     * the major difference being that this function returns a map of
+     * `widgetID` => UserInput and `getUserInput` simply returns an array. It
+     * would be trivial to map between the results of each of these functions,
+     * so we should aim to remove one of these functions.
+     */
+    getUserInputForWidgets: () => {
+        [widgetId: string]: WidgetUserInput | null | undefined;
+    } = () => {
+        return mapObjectFromArray(this.widgetIds, (id) => {
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(id);
+            if (widget && widget.getUserInput) {
+                return widget.getUserInput();
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an object mapping from widget ID to perseus-style score.
+     * The keys of this object are the values of the array returned
+     * from `getWidgetIds`.
+     */
+    scoreWidgets: () => {
+        [widgetId: string]: PerseusScore;
+    } = () => {
+        const widgetProps = this.state.widgetInfo;
+        const onInputError = this.getApiOptions().onInputError;
+
+        const gradedWidgetIds = _.filter(this.widgetIds, (id) => {
+            const props = widgetProps[id];
+            const widgetIsGraded: boolean =
+                props?.graded == null || props.graded;
+            const widgetIsStatic = !!props?.static;
+            // Ungraded widgets or widgets set to static shouldn't be graded.
+            return widgetIsGraded && !widgetIsStatic;
+        });
+
+        const widgetScores: Record<string, any> = {};
+        _.each(gradedWidgetIds, (id) => {
+            const props = widgetProps[id];
+            const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(id);
+            // widget can be undefined if it hasn't yet been rendered
+            if (widget && widget.simpleValidate) {
+                widgetScores[id] = widget.simpleValidate(
+                    props?.options,
+                    onInputError,
+                );
+            }
+        });
+
+        return widgetScores;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Grades the content.
+     */
+    score: () => PerseusScore = () => {
+        return _.reduce(this.scoreWidgets(), Util.combineScores, Util.noScore);
+    };
+
+    guessAndScore: () => [any, PerseusScore] = () => {
+        const totalGuess = this.getUserInput();
+        const totalScore = this.score();
+
+        return [totalGuess, totalScore];
+    };
+
+    examples: () => ReadonlyArray<string> | null | undefined = () => {
+        const widgetIds = this.widgetIds;
+        const examples = _.compact(
+            _.map(widgetIds, (widgetId) => {
+                const widget = this.getWidgetInstance(widgetId);
+                return widget != null && widget.examples
+                    ? widget.examples()
+                    : null;
+            }),
+        );
+
+        // no widgets with examples
+        if (!examples.length) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        const allEqual = _.all(examples, function (example) {
+            return _.isEqual(examples[0], example);
+        });
+
+        // some widgets have different examples
+        // TODO(alex): handle this better
+        if (!allEqual) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return examples[0];
+    };
+
+    // TranslationLinter callback
+    handletranslationLintErrors: (lintErrors: ReadonlyArray<string>) => void = (
+        lintErrors: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+    ) => {
+        if (!this._isMounted) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.setState({
+            translationLintErrors: lintErrors,
+        });
+    };
+
+    render(): React.ReactNode {
+        const apiOptions = this.getApiOptions();
+        const {KatexProvider} = getDependencies();
+
+        if (this.reuseMarkdown) {
+            return this.lastRenderedMarkdown;
+        }
+
+        const content = this.getContent(this.props, this.state);
+        // `this.widgetIds` is appended to in `this.outputMarkdown`:
+        this.widgetIds = [];
+
+        if (this.shouldRenderJiptPlaceholder(this.props, this.state)) {
+            // Crowdin's JIPT (Just in place translation) uses a fake language
+            // with language tag "en-pt" where the value of the translations
+            // look like: {crwdns2657085:0}{crwdne2657085:0} where it keeps the
+            // {crowdinId:ngettext variant}. We detect whether the current
+            // content matches this, so we can take over rendering of
+            // the perseus content as the translators interact with jipt.
+            // We search for only part of the tag that crowdin uses to guard
+            // against them changing the format on us. The full tag it looks
+            // for can be found in https://cdn.crowdin.net/jipt/jipt.js
+            // globalPhrase var.
+
+            // If we haven't already added this component to the registry do so
+            // now. showHints() may cause this component to be rerendered
+            // before jipt has a chance to replace its contents, so this check
+            // will keep us from adding the component to the registry a second
+            // time.
+            if (!this.translationIndex) {
+                this.translationIndex =
+                    getDependencies().rendererTranslationComponents.addComponent(
+                        this,
+                    );
+            }
+
+            // For articles, we add jipt data to individual paragraphs. For
+            // exercises, we add it to the renderer and let translators
+            // translate the entire thing. For the article equivalent of
+            // this if block, search this file for where we render a
+            // QuestionParagraph, and see the `isJipt:` parameter sent to
+            // PerseusMarkdown.parse()
+            if (!apiOptions.isArticle) {
+                // We now need to output this tag, as jipt looks for it to be
+                // able to replace it with a translation that it runs an ajax
+                // call to get.  We add a data attribute with the index to the
+                // Persues.TranslationComponent registry so that when jipt
+                // calls its before_dom_insert we can lookup this component by
+                // this attribute and render the text with markdown.
+                return (
+                    <KatexProvider>
+                        <DefinitionProvider>
+                            <div
+                                data-perseus-component-index={
+                                    this.translationIndex
+                                }
+                            >
+                                {content}
+                            </div>
+                        </DefinitionProvider>
+                    </KatexProvider>
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Hacks:
+        // We use mutable state here to figure out whether the output
+        // had two columns.
+        // It is updated to true by `this.outputMarkdown` if a
+        // column break is found
+        // TODO(aria): We now have a state variable threaded through
+        // simple-markdown output. We should mutate it instead of
+        // state on this component to do this in a less hacky way.
+        this._isTwoColumn = false;
+
+        // Parse the string of markdown to a parse tree
+        const parsedMarkdown = PerseusMarkdown.parse(content, {
+            // Recognize crowdin IDs while translating articles
+            // (This should never be hit by exercises, though if you
+            // decide you want to add a check that this is an article,
+            // go for it.)
+            isJipt: this.translationIndex != null,
+        });
+
+        // Optionally apply the linter to the parse tree
+        if (this.props.linterContext.highlightLint) {
+            // If highlightLint is true and lint is detected, this call
+            // will modify the parse tree by adding lint nodes that will
+            // serve to highlight the lint when rendered
+            const context: Context = {
+                content: this.props.content,
+                widgets: this.props.widgets,
+                ...this.props.linterContext,
+            };
+
+            PerseusLinter.runLinter(parsedMarkdown, context, true);
+
+            // Apply the lint errors from the last TranslationLinter run.
+            // TODO(joshuan): Support overlapping dots.
+            this._translationLinter.applyLintErrors(parsedMarkdown, [
+                ...this.state.translationLintErrors,
+                ...(this.props.legacyPerseusLint || []),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        // Render the linted markdown parse tree with React components
+        const markdownContents = this.outputMarkdown(parsedMarkdown, {
+            baseElements: apiOptions.baseElements,
+        });
+
+        const className = classNames({
+            [ApiClassNames.RENDERER]: true,
+            [ApiClassNames.RESPONSIVE_RENDERER]: true,
+            [ApiClassNames.TWO_COLUMN_RENDERER]: this._isTwoColumn,
+        });
+
+        this.lastRenderedMarkdown = (
+            <KatexProvider>
+                <DefinitionProvider>
+                    <div className={className}>{markdownContents}</div>
+                </DefinitionProvider>
+            </KatexProvider>
+        );
+        return this.lastRenderedMarkdown;
+    }
+}
+
+const styles = {
+    mobileZoomableParentFix: {
+        // NOTE(abdul): There is an issue where transform animations will
+        // cause the Zoomable component to disappear when running on the
+        // native app on iPad (iOS 13). I found some answers online that recommend
+        // transforming the parent in 3D space. Doing this forces hardware
+        // acceleration, which causes the process to run on the GPU. It's not
+        // clear to me why this fixes the issue, but it's suggested online
+        // to people dealing with similar disappearance and flickering issues.
+        transform: "translate3d(0,0,0)",
+    },
+} as const;
+
+export default Renderer;