@kernlang/express 3.1.5 → 3.1.7

package/dist/transpiler-express.js

@@ -1,853 +1,10 @@
-import { camelKey, countTokens, generateCoreNode, getChildren, getFirstChild, getProps, serializeIR, buildDiagnostics, accountNode } from '@kernlang/core';
-const HTTP_METHODS = new Set(['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete']);
-function analyzeRouteCapabilities(routeNode) {
-    const streamNode = getFirstChild(routeNode, 'stream');
-    // spawn must be inside stream (for SSE output), not standalone on route
-    const spawnNode = streamNode ? getFirstChild(streamNode, 'spawn') : undefined;
-    const timerNode = getFirstChild(routeNode, 'timer');
-    const hasStream = !!streamNode;
-    const hasSpawn = !!spawnNode;
-    const hasTimer = !!timerNode;
-    return {
-        hasStream,
-        hasSpawn,
-        hasTimer,
-        streamNode,
-        spawnNode,
-        timerNode,
-        needsAbortController: hasStream || hasSpawn || hasTimer,
-        needsChildProcess: hasSpawn,
-    };
-}
-// ── SSE stream code generator ────────────────────────────────────────────
-function generateStreamSetup(indent) {
-    return [
-        `${indent}res.writeHead(200, {`,
-        `${indent}  'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',`,
-        `${indent}  'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',`,
-        `${indent}  'Connection': 'keep-alive',`,
-        `${indent}});`,
-        `${indent}res.flushHeaders();`,
-        `${indent}`,
-        `${indent}const emit = (data: unknown, event?: string) => {`,
-        `${indent}  if (res.writableEnded) return;`,
-        `${indent}  if (event) res.write(\`event: \${event}\\n\`);`,
-        `${indent}  res.write(\`data: \${JSON.stringify(data)}\\n\\n\`);`,
-        `${indent}};`,
-        `${indent}`,
-        `${indent}// SSE heartbeat — keeps proxies/browsers from killing the connection`,
-        `${indent}const heartbeat = setInterval(() => {`,
-        `${indent}  if (res.writableEnded) { clearInterval(heartbeat); return; }`,
-        `${indent}  res.write(': keep-alive\\n\\n');`,
-        `${indent}}, 15000);`,
-    ];
-}
-function generateStreamWrap(handlerLines, hasSpawn, indent) {
-    const lines = [];
-    // Await the async IIFE so Express doesn't return before stream completes
-    lines.push(`${indent}await (async () => {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  try {`);
-    if (hasSpawn) {
-        // Wrap spawn in a Promise so we await child completion before closing stream
-        lines.push(`${indent}    await new Promise<void>((resolveStream, rejectStream) => {`);
-        lines.push(...handlerLines.map(l => `${indent}      ${l}`));
-        // The spawn's on('close') handler should call resolveStream()
-        lines.push(`${indent}    });`);
-    }
-    else {
-        lines.push(...handlerLines.map(l => `${indent}    ${l}`));
-    }
-    lines.push(`${indent}  } catch (err) {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    emit({ type: 'error', error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  } finally {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    clearInterval(heartbeat);`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    if (!res.writableEnded) {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}      res.write(\`data: \${JSON.stringify('[DONE]')}\\n\\n\`);`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}      res.end();`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    }`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  }`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}})();`);
-    return lines;
-}
-// ── Spawn code generator ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
-function generateSpawnCode(spawnNode, indent) {
-    const p = getProps(spawnNode);
-    const binary = String(p.binary || 'echo');
-    const args = p.args;
-    const timeoutSec = Number(p.timeout) || 0;
-    const lines = [];
-    // Validate: binary must be static (security: no dynamic binary)
-    if (binary.includes('{{') || binary.includes('req.')) {
-        lines.push(`${indent}// ERROR: Dynamic binary is not allowed for security. Use a static binary name.`);
-        lines.push(`${indent}res.status(500).json({ error: 'Dynamic binary not allowed' });`);
-        return lines;
-    }
-    const argsExpr = args || '[]';
-    lines.push(`${indent}const child = spawn('${escapeSingleQuotes(binary)}', ${argsExpr}, {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', 'pipe'],`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  shell: false,`);
-    // Env vars
-    const envNodes = getChildren(spawnNode, 'env');
-    if (envNodes.length > 0) {
-        const envPairs = envNodes.map(e => {
-            const ep = getProps(e);
-            const entries = Object.entries(ep).filter(([k]) => k !== 'styles' && k !== 'pseudoStyles' && k !== 'themeRefs');
-            return entries.map(([k, v]) => `${k}: '${String(v)}'`).join(', ');
-        }).join(', ');
-        lines.push(`${indent}  env: { ...process.env, ${envPairs} },`);
-    }
-    lines.push(`${indent}});`);
-    // stdin handling — only end if no stdin prop
-    if (!p.stdin) {
-        lines.push(`${indent}child.stdin.end();`);
-    }
-    lines.push(`${indent}let errorText = '';`);
-    // Timeout with SIGTERM → SIGKILL escalation
-    lines.push(`${indent}let childExited = false;`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}child.on('exit', () => { childExited = true; });`);
-    if (timeoutSec > 0) {
-        lines.push(`${indent}const spawnTimer = setTimeout(() => {`);
-        lines.push(`${indent}  child.kill('SIGTERM');`);
-        lines.push(`${indent}  setTimeout(() => { if (!childExited) child.kill('SIGKILL'); }, 3000);`);
-        lines.push(`${indent}}, ${timeoutSec * 1000});`);
-    }
-    // Abort on request close — SIGTERM then force SIGKILL + resolve after 5s
-    lines.push(`${indent}ac.signal.addEventListener('abort', () => {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  if (!childExited) {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    child.kill('SIGTERM');`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    setTimeout(() => {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}      if (!childExited) child.kill('SIGKILL');`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}      if (typeof resolveStream === 'function') resolveStream();`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    }, 5000);`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  }`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}});`);
-    // Event handlers from child nodes
-    const onNodes = getChildren(spawnNode, 'on');
-    let hasCloseHandler = false;
-    for (const onNode of onNodes) {
-        const onProps = getProps(onNode);
-        const event = String(onProps.name || onProps.event || '');
-        const handlerChild = getFirstChild(onNode, 'handler');
-        const code = handlerChild ? String(getProps(handlerChild).code || '') : '';
-        if (event === 'stdout') {
-            lines.push(`${indent}child.stdout.on('data', (chunk: Buffer) => {`);
-            lines.push(...code.split('\n').map(l => `${indent}  ${l.trim()}`));
-            lines.push(`${indent}});`);
-        }
-        else if (event === 'stderr') {
-            lines.push(`${indent}child.stderr.on('data', (chunk: Buffer) => {`);
-            lines.push(...code.split('\n').map(l => `${indent}  ${l.trim()}`));
-            lines.push(`${indent}});`);
-        }
-        else if (event === 'close') {
-            hasCloseHandler = true;
-            lines.push(`${indent}child.on('close', (code: number | null) => {`);
-            if (timeoutSec > 0)
-                lines.push(`${indent}  clearTimeout(spawnTimer);`);
-            lines.push(...code.split('\n').map(l => `${indent}  ${l.trim()}`));
-            // Resolve the stream promise so finally block runs AFTER child exits
-            lines.push(`${indent}  if (typeof resolveStream === 'function') resolveStream();`);
-            lines.push(`${indent}});`);
-        }
-        else if (event === 'timeout') {
-            // Handled via the timer killed branch
-        }
-    }
-    // Default close handler if none specified — ensures stream promise resolves
-    if (!hasCloseHandler) {
-        lines.push(`${indent}child.on('close', (code: number | null) => {`);
-        if (timeoutSec > 0)
-            lines.push(`${indent}  clearTimeout(spawnTimer);`);
-        lines.push(`${indent}  if (typeof resolveStream === 'function') resolveStream();`);
-        lines.push(`${indent}});`);
-    }
-    // Catch spawn errors (binary not found)
-    lines.push(`${indent}child.on('error', (err: Error) => {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  emit({ type: 'error', error: err.message });`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  if (typeof resolveStream === 'function') resolveStream();`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}});`);
-    return lines;
-}
-// ── Timer code generator ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
-function generateTimerCode(timerNode, handlerCode, indent) {
-    const p = getProps(timerNode);
-    const timeoutSec = Number(Object.values(p).find(v => typeof v === 'string' && !isNaN(Number(v))) || p.timeout || 15);
-    const handlerChild = getFirstChild(timerNode, 'handler');
-    const timerHandlerCode = handlerChild ? String(getProps(handlerChild).code || '') : '';
-    const onTimeoutNode = (timerNode.children || []).find(c => c.type === 'on' && (getProps(c).name === 'timeout' || getProps(c).event === 'timeout'));
-    const timeoutHandler = onTimeoutNode ? getFirstChild(onTimeoutNode, 'handler') : undefined;
-    const timeoutCode = timeoutHandler ? String(getProps(timeoutHandler).code || '') : `res.status(408).json({ error: 'Request timed out' });`;
-    const lines = [];
-    lines.push(`${indent}const timeoutMs = ${timeoutSec * 1000};`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}const timer = setTimeout(() => {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  ac.abort();`);
-    lines.push(...timeoutCode.split('\n').map(l => `${indent}  ${l.trim()}`));
-    lines.push(`${indent}}, timeoutMs);`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}try {`);
-    // Timer handler code (the work to do)
-    if (timerHandlerCode) {
-        lines.push(...timerHandlerCode.split('\n').map(l => `${indent}  ${l.trim()}`));
-    }
-    // Original route handler code
-    if (handlerCode) {
-        lines.push(...handlerCode.split('\n').map(l => `${indent}  ${l.trim()}`));
-    }
-    lines.push(`${indent}} catch (err) {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  if (!ac.signal.aborted) {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    clearTimeout(timer);`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}    throw err;`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  }`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}} finally {`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}  clearTimeout(timer);`);
-    lines.push(`${indent}}`);
-    return lines;
-}
-// ── Portable respond node → Express ──────────────────────────────────────
-function generateRespondExpress(respondNode, indent) {
-    const p = getProps(respondNode);
-    const status = typeof p.status === 'number' ? p.status : undefined;
-    const json = p.json;
-    const error = p.error;
-    const text = p.text;
-    const redirect = p.redirect;
-    if (redirect) {
-        return [`${indent}res.redirect('${escapeSingleQuotes(String(redirect))}');`];
-    }
-    if (error) {
-        return [`${indent}res.status(${status || 500}).json({ error: '${escapeSingleQuotes(String(error))}' });`];
-    }
-    if (json) {
-        if (!status || status === 200) {
-            return [`${indent}res.json(${json});`];
-        }
-        return [`${indent}res.status(${status}).json(${json});`];
-    }
-    if (text) {
-        if (!status || status === 200) {
-            return [`${indent}res.send(${text});`];
-        }
-        return [`${indent}res.status(${status}).send(${text});`];
-    }
-    if (status === 204) {
-        return [`${indent}res.status(204).send();`];
-    }
-    if (status) {
-        return [`${indent}res.status(${status}).send();`];
-    }
-    return [`${indent}res.status(200).send();`];
-}
-function pascalCase(value) {
-    const camel = camelKey(value);
-    return camel ? camel.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + camel.slice(1) : 'Generated';
-}
-function slugify(value) {
-    return value
-        .toLowerCase()
-        .replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '-')
-        .replace(/^-+|-+$/g, '') || 'generated';
-}
-function escapeSingleQuotes(value) {
-    return value.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\').replace(/'/g, "\\'");
-}
-function indentBlock(code, indent) {
-    return code.split('\n').map(line => `${indent}${line}`);
-}
-function splitTopLevel(value) {
-    const parts = [];
-    let current = '';
-    let braceDepth = 0;
-    let bracketDepth = 0;
-    let parenDepth = 0;
-    let inQuote = false;
-    for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
-        const ch = value[i];
-        if (ch === '"' && value[i - 1] !== '\\') {
-            inQuote = !inQuote;
-            current += ch;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (!inQuote) {
-            if (ch === '{')
-                braceDepth++;
-            if (ch === '}')
-                braceDepth--;
-            if (ch === '[')
-                bracketDepth++;
-            if (ch === ']')
-                bracketDepth--;
-            if (ch === '(')
-                parenDepth++;
-            if (ch === ')')
-                parenDepth--;
-            if (ch === ',' && braceDepth === 0 && bracketDepth === 0 && parenDepth === 0) {
-                if (current.trim())
-                    parts.push(current.trim());
-                current = '';
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-        current += ch;
-    }
-    if (current.trim())
-        parts.push(current.trim());
-    return parts;
-}
-function extractRequiredKeys(schemaType) {
-    const trimmed = schemaType.trim();
-    if (!trimmed.startsWith('{') || !trimmed.endsWith('}'))
-        return [];
-    const keys = [];
-    const inner = trimmed.slice(1, -1);
-    for (const part of splitTopLevel(inner)) {
-        const colonIdx = part.indexOf(':');
-        if (colonIdx === -1)
-            continue;
-        const rawKey = part.slice(0, colonIdx).trim();
-        if (!rawKey || rawKey.endsWith('?'))
-            continue;
-        keys.push(rawKey.replace(/^['"]|['"]$/g, ''));
-    }
-    return keys;
-}
-function derivePathParams(path) {
-    const matches = path.matchAll(/:([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)/g);
-    return [...matches].map(match => match[1]);
-}
-function buildPathParamsType(path) {
-    const params = derivePathParams(path);
-    if (params.length === 0)
-        return undefined;
-    return `{ ${params.map(param => `${param}: string`).join('; ')} }`;
-}
-function findServerNode(root) {
-    if (root.type === 'server')
-        return root;
-    for (const child of root.children || []) {
-        const found = findServerNode(child);
-        if (found)
-            return found;
-    }
-    return undefined;
-}
-function routeFileBase(method, path, index) {
-    const base = slugify(`${method}-${path.replace(/[:/]/g, '-')}`);
-    return base === 'generated' ? `route-${index}` : base;
-}
-function routeRegisterName(method, path) {
-    return `register${pascalCase(`${method} ${path}`)}Route`;
-}
-function middlewareExportName(node) {
-    const props = getProps(node);
-    const handlerName = typeof props.handler === 'string' ? props.handler : undefined;
-    if (handlerName)
-        return handlerName;
-    const name = typeof props.name === 'string' ? props.name : 'middleware';
-    return camelKey(name) || 'middlewareHandler';
-}
-function buildSchema(node) {
-    if (!node)
-        return {};
-    const props = getProps(node);
-    const schema = {};
-    if (typeof props.body === 'string')
-        schema.body = props.body;
-    if (typeof props.params === 'string')
-        schema.params = props.params;
-    if (typeof props.query === 'string')
-        schema.query = props.query;
-    if (typeof props.response === 'string')
-        schema.response = props.response;
-    return schema;
-}
-function buildMiddlewareArtifact(node, exportName) {
-    const handlerNode = getFirstChild(node, 'handler');
-    const handlerProps = handlerNode ? getProps(handlerNode) : {};
-    const handlerCode = typeof handlerProps.code === 'string'
-        ? String(handlerProps.code)
-        : '';
-    const lines = [];
-    lines.push(`import type { NextFunction, Request, Response } from 'express';`);
-    lines.push('');
-    lines.push(`export function ${exportName}(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction): void {`);
-    if (handlerCode) {
-        lines.push(...indentBlock(handlerCode, '  '));
-    }
-    else {
-        lines.push('  next();');
-    }
-    lines.push('}');
-    const name = String(getProps(node).name || exportName);
-    return {
-        path: `middleware/${slugify(name)}.ts`,
-        content: lines.join('\n'),
-        type: 'middleware',
-    };
-}
-function ensureCustomMiddlewareArtifact(node, middlewareArtifacts) {
-    const name = String(getProps(node).name || 'middleware');
-    const fileBase = slugify(name);
-    const existing = middlewareArtifacts.get(fileBase);
-    if (existing)
-        return existing;
-    const exportName = middlewareExportName(node);
-    const artifact = buildMiddlewareArtifact(node, exportName);
-    const created = { artifact, exportName, fileBase };
-    middlewareArtifacts.set(fileBase, created);
-    return created;
-}
-function resolveMiddlewareUsage(node, middlewareArtifacts, importPrefix, securityLevel) {
-    const props = getProps(node);
-    const name = String(props.name || 'middleware');
-    if (name === 'cors') {
-        return { importLine: `import cors from 'cors';`, invocation: 'cors()' };
-    }
-    if (name === 'json') {
-        const invocation = securityLevel === 'relaxed' ? 'express.json()' : `express.json({ limit: '1mb' })`;
-        return { invocation };
-    }
-    const artifact = ensureCustomMiddlewareArtifact(node, middlewareArtifacts);
-    return {
-        importLine: `import { ${artifact.exportName} } from '${importPrefix}middleware/${artifact.fileBase}.js';`,
-        invocation: artifact.exportName,
-    };
-}
-// ── Portable request reference rewriting ──────────────────────────────────
-function rewriteExpressExpr(expr, path) {
-    const pathParams = derivePathParams(path);
-    let result = expr;
-    // params.X → req.params.X
-    result = result.replace(/\bparams\.([A-Za-z_]\w*)/g, 'req.params.$1');
-    // body.X → req.body.X
-    result = result.replace(/\bbody\.([A-Za-z_]\w*)/g, 'req.body.$1');
-    // query.X → req.query.X
-    result = result.replace(/\bquery\.([A-Za-z_]\w*)/g, 'req.query.$1');
-    // headers.X → req.headers['X']
-    result = result.replace(/\bheaders\.([A-Za-z_][\w-]*)/g, (_m, key) => `req.headers['${key}']`);
-    // effectName.result → effectName (effect variables hold the result directly)
-    result = result.replace(/\b([A-Za-z_]\w*)\.result\b/g, '$1');
-    return result;
-}
-// ── Portable handler generation (derive → guard → handler → respond) ─────
-function extractExprCode(prop) {
-    if (typeof prop === 'object' && prop !== null && prop.__expr)
-        return prop.code;
-    return typeof prop === 'string' ? prop : '';
-}
-function generatePortableChildExpress(child, indent, path) {
-    const lines = [];
-    const p = getProps(child);
-    switch (child.type) {
-        case 'derive': {
-            const name = String(p.name || '');
-            const exprCode = extractExprCode(p.expr);
-            if (name && exprCode) {
-                lines.push(`${indent}const ${name} = ${rewriteExpressExpr(exprCode, path)};`);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 'guard': {
-            const name = String(p.name || '');
-            const exprCode = extractExprCode(p.expr);
-            const elseStatus = p.else ? parseInt(String(p.else), 10) : 404;
-            const elseMessage = typeof p.message === 'string' ? p.message : (name ? `${name} guard failed` : 'Guard failed');
-            if (exprCode) {
-                lines.push(`${indent}if (!(${rewriteExpressExpr(exprCode, path)})) {`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}  return res.status(${elseStatus}).json({ error: '${escapeSingleQuotes(elseMessage)}' });`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}}`);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 'handler': {
-            const code = String(p.code || '');
-            if (code)
-                lines.push(...indentBlock(code, indent));
-            break;
-        }
-        case 'respond': {
-            // Clone props to avoid mutating shared AST, then rewrite portable refs
-            const clonedRespond = { ...child, props: { ...child.props } };
-            if (clonedRespond.props.json)
-                clonedRespond.props.json = rewriteExpressExpr(String(clonedRespond.props.json), path);
-            if (clonedRespond.props.text)
-                clonedRespond.props.text = rewriteExpressExpr(String(clonedRespond.props.text), path);
-            lines.push(...generateRespondExpress(clonedRespond, indent));
-            break;
-        }
-        case 'branch': {
-            const on = rewriteExpressExpr(String(p.on || ''), path);
-            const paths = getChildren(child, 'path');
-            for (let i = 0; i < paths.length; i++) {
-                const pathNode = paths[i];
-                const pp = getProps(pathNode);
-                const value = String(pp.value || '');
-                const keyword = i === 0 ? 'if' : 'else if';
-                lines.push(`${indent}${keyword} (${on} === '${escapeSingleQuotes(value)}') {`);
-                // Recurse into path children
-                for (const pathChild of pathNode.children || []) {
-                    lines.push(...generatePortableChildExpress(pathChild, indent + '  ', path));
-                }
-                lines.push(`${indent}}`);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 'each': {
-            const name = String(p.name || 'item');
-            const collection = rewriteExpressExpr(extractExprCode(p.in) || String(p.in || ''), path);
-            const index = p.index ? String(p.index) : undefined;
-            if (index) {
-                lines.push(`${indent}for (const [${index}, ${name}] of (${collection}).entries()) {`);
-            }
-            else {
-                lines.push(`${indent}for (const ${name} of ${collection}) {`);
-            }
-            for (const eachChild of child.children || []) {
-                lines.push(...generatePortableChildExpress(eachChild, indent + '  ', path));
-            }
-            lines.push(`${indent}}`);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 'collect': {
-            const name = String(p.name || '');
-            const from = rewriteExpressExpr(String(p.from || ''), path);
-            const where = p.where ? extractExprCode(p.where) : undefined;
-            const limit = p.limit ? String(p.limit) : undefined;
-            const order = p.order ? rewriteExpressExpr(extractExprCode(p.order) || String(p.order), path) : undefined;
-            let chain = from;
-            if (where)
-                chain += `.filter(item => ${rewriteExpressExpr(where, path)})`;
-            if (order)
-                chain += `.sort((a, b) => ${order})`;
-            if (limit)
-                chain += `.slice(0, ${limit})`;
-            if (name)
-                lines.push(`${indent}const ${name} = ${chain};`);
-            break;
-        }
-        case 'effect': {
-            const effectName = String(p.name || 'effect');
-            const triggerNode = getFirstChild(child, 'trigger');
-            const recoverNode = getFirstChild(child, 'recover');
-            const triggerProps = triggerNode ? getProps(triggerNode) : {};
-            const triggerExpr = extractExprCode(triggerProps.expr) || String(triggerProps.query || triggerProps.url || triggerProps.call || '');
-            const retryCount = recoverNode ? parseInt(String(getProps(recoverNode).retry || '0'), 10) : 0;
-            const fallback = recoverNode ? String(getProps(recoverNode).fallback || 'null') : 'null';
-            if (retryCount > 0) {
-                lines.push(`${indent}let ${effectName} = ${fallback};`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}for (let _attempt = 0; _attempt < ${retryCount}; _attempt++) {`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}  try {`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}    ${effectName} = ${rewriteExpressExpr(triggerExpr, path)};`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}    break;`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}  } catch (_err) {`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}    if (_attempt === ${retryCount - 1}) ${effectName} = ${fallback};`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}  }`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}}`);
-            }
-            else {
-                lines.push(`${indent}let ${effectName} = ${fallback};`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}try {`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}  ${effectName} = ${rewriteExpressExpr(triggerExpr, path)};`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}} catch (_err) {`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}  ${effectName} = ${fallback};`);
-                lines.push(`${indent}}`);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
-    return lines;
-}
-function generatePortableHandlerExpress(routeNode, indent, path) {
-    const lines = [];
-    const children = routeNode.children || [];
-    // Walk all route children in document order — portable nodes are emitted inline
-    const PORTABLE_TYPES = new Set(['derive', 'guard', 'handler', 'respond', 'branch', 'each', 'collect', 'effect']);
-    for (const child of children) {
-        if (PORTABLE_TYPES.has(child.type)) {
-            lines.push(...generatePortableChildExpress(child, indent, path));
-        }
-    }
-    return lines;
-}
-function buildRouteArtifact(routeNode, routeIndex, middlewareArtifacts, sourceMap) {
-    const props = getProps(routeNode);
-    const method = String(props.method || 'get').toLowerCase();
-    const normalizedMethod = HTTP_METHODS.has(method) ? method : 'get';
-    const path = String(props.path || '/');
-    const fileBase = routeFileBase(normalizedMethod, path, routeIndex);
-    const registerName = routeRegisterName(normalizedMethod, path);
-    const schema = buildSchema(getFirstChild(routeNode, 'schema'));
-    const caps = analyzeRouteCapabilities(routeNode);
-    // Portable route children: derive, guard, respond, branch, each, collect
-    const deriveNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'derive');
-    const guardNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'guard');
-    const respondNode = getFirstChild(routeNode, 'respond');
-    const branchNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'branch');
-    const eachNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'each');
-    const collectNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'collect');
-    const effectNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'effect');
-    const hasPortableNodes = deriveNodes.length > 0 || guardNodes.length > 0 || !!respondNode
-        || branchNodes.length > 0 || eachNodes.length > 0 || collectNodes.length > 0
-        || effectNodes.length > 0;
-    // Get handler code — priority: stream handler > timer handler > route handler > portable > 501
-    const handlerNode = caps.hasStream
-        ? getFirstChild(caps.streamNode, 'handler')
-        : caps.hasTimer
-            ? null // timer owns its own handler, don't look at route level
-            : getFirstChild(routeNode, 'handler');
-    const routeHandlerNode = getFirstChild(routeNode, 'handler');
-    const handlerProps = handlerNode ? getProps(handlerNode) : {};
-    const routeHandlerCode = routeHandlerNode ? String(getProps(routeHandlerNode).code || '') : '';
-    const handlerCode = typeof handlerProps.code === 'string'
-        ? String(handlerProps.code)
-        : caps.hasStream || caps.hasTimer || hasPortableNodes ? '' : `res.status(501).json({ error: 'Route handler not implemented' });`;
-    const routeMiddleware = getChildren(routeNode, 'middleware');
-    const routeImports = new Set();
-    const middlewareInvocations = [];
-    let needsExpressDefaultImport = false;
-    for (const middlewareNode of routeMiddleware) {
-        // Handle v3 bare-word middleware list: middleware names=["rateLimit","cors"]
-        const mwProps = getProps(middlewareNode);
-        const mwNames = mwProps.names;
-        if (mwNames && Array.isArray(mwNames)) {
-            for (const mwName of mwNames) {
-                const syntheticNode = { type: 'middleware', props: { name: mwName }, children: [] };
-                const mwUsage = resolveMiddlewareUsage(syntheticNode, middlewareArtifacts, '../');
-                if (mwUsage.importLine)
-                    routeImports.add(mwUsage.importLine);
-                if (mwUsage.invocation === 'express.json()')
-                    needsExpressDefaultImport = true;
-                middlewareInvocations.push(mwUsage.invocation);
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        const usage = resolveMiddlewareUsage(middlewareNode, middlewareArtifacts, '../');
-        if (usage.importLine)
-            routeImports.add(usage.importLine);
-        if (usage.invocation === 'express.json()')
-            needsExpressDefaultImport = true;
-        middlewareInvocations.push(usage.invocation);
-    }
-    // v3 route children: auth, validate
-    const authNode = getFirstChild(routeNode, 'auth');
-    if (authNode) {
-        const authMode = String(getProps(authNode).mode || 'required');
-        middlewareInvocations.unshift(authMode === 'optional' ? 'authOptional' : 'authRequired');
-    }
-    const validateNode = getFirstChild(routeNode, 'validate');
-    if (validateNode) {
-        const validateSchema = String(getProps(validateNode).schema || '');
-        if (validateSchema) {
-            middlewareInvocations.push(`validate(${validateSchema})`);
-        }
-    }
-    // v3 route children: params (query params with types and defaults)
-    const paramsNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'params');
-    const queryParams = [];
-    for (const paramNode of paramsNodes) {
-        const items = getProps(paramNode).items;
-        if (items)
-            queryParams.push(...items);
-    }
-    // v3 route children: error (HTTP error contract)
-    const errorNodes = getChildren(routeNode, 'error').filter(n => typeof getProps(n).status === 'number');
-    const errorResponses = errorNodes.map(n => ({
-        status: getProps(n).status,
-        message: String(getProps(n).message || 'Error'),
-    }));
-    const paramsType = schema.params || buildPathParamsType(path) || 'Record<string, never>';
-    const queryType = schema.query || 'Record<string, never>';
-    const bodyType = schema.body || 'Record<string, never>';
-    const responseType = schema.response || 'unknown';
-    const requestType = `Request<RouteParams, ResponseBody, RequestBody, RequestQuery>`;
-    const validationLines = [];
-    const requiredParams = schema.params ? extractRequiredKeys(schema.params) : derivePathParams(path);
-    const requiredBody = schema.body ? extractRequiredKeys(schema.body) : [];
-    const requiredQuery = schema.query ? extractRequiredKeys(schema.query) : [];
-    if (requiredParams.length > 0) {
-        validationLines.push(`assertRequiredFields('params', req.params, [${requiredParams.map(key => `'${escapeSingleQuotes(key)}'`).join(', ')}]);`);
-    }
-    if (requiredBody.length > 0) {
-        validationLines.push(`assertRequiredFields('body', req.body, [${requiredBody.map(key => `'${escapeSingleQuotes(key)}'`).join(', ')}]);`);
-    }
-    if (requiredQuery.length > 0) {
-        validationLines.push(`assertRequiredFields('query', req.query, [${requiredQuery.map(key => `'${escapeSingleQuotes(key)}'`).join(', ')}]);`);
-    }
-    const lines = [];
-    if (needsExpressDefaultImport) {
-        lines.push(`import express, { type Express, type NextFunction, type Request, type Response } from 'express';`);
-    }
-    else {
-        lines.push(`import { type Express, type NextFunction, type Request, type Response } from 'express';`);
-    }
-    if (caps.needsChildProcess) {
-        lines.push(`import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';`);
-    }
-    for (const routeImport of [...routeImports].sort()) {
-        lines.push(routeImport);
-    }
-    lines.push('');
-    lines.push(`type RouteParams = ${paramsType};`);
-    lines.push(`type RequestQuery = ${queryType};`);
-    lines.push(`type RequestBody = ${bodyType};`);
-    lines.push(`type ResponseBody = ${responseType};`);
-    if (validationLines.length > 0) {
-        lines.push('');
-        lines.push(`function assertRequiredFields(label: string, value: unknown, requiredKeys: string[]): void {`);
-        lines.push(`  if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null) {`);
-        lines.push(`    throw new Error(\`Invalid \${label}: expected object payload\`);`);
-        lines.push('  }');
-        lines.push(`  for (const key of requiredKeys) {`);
-        lines.push(`    if (!(key in value)) {`);
-        lines.push(`      throw new Error(\`Invalid \${label}: missing \${key}\`);`);
-        lines.push('    }');
-        lines.push('  }');
-        lines.push('}');
-    }
-    lines.push('');
-    lines.push(`export function ${registerName}(app: Express): void {`);
-    lines.push(`  app.${normalizedMethod}('${escapeSingleQuotes(path)}', ${middlewareInvocations.length > 0 ? `${middlewareInvocations.join(', ')}, ` : ''}async (req: ${requestType}, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {`);
-    // Schema validation — always runs first, before stream/timer
-    if (validationLines.length > 0) {
-        lines.push('    try {');
-        for (const validationLine of validationLines) {
-            lines.push(`      ${validationLine}`);
-        }
-        lines.push('    } catch (err) {');
-        lines.push('      return res.status(400).json({ error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) } as any);');
-        lines.push('    }');
-        lines.push('');
-    }
-    // v3 query params — extract with safe type coercion and defaults
-    if (queryParams.length > 0) {
-        for (const qp of queryParams) {
-            if (qp.default !== undefined) {
-                if (qp.type === 'number') {
-                    lines.push(`    const ${qp.name} = req.query.${qp.name} !== undefined ? Number(req.query.${qp.name}) : ${qp.default};`);
-                }
-                else if (qp.type === 'boolean') {
-                    lines.push(`    const ${qp.name} = req.query.${qp.name} !== undefined ? req.query.${qp.name} === 'true' : ${qp.default};`);
-                }
-                else {
-                    lines.push(`    const ${qp.name} = typeof req.query.${qp.name} === 'string' ? req.query.${qp.name} : ${qp.default};`);
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                if (qp.type === 'number') {
-                    lines.push(`    const ${qp.name} = req.query.${qp.name} !== undefined ? Number(req.query.${qp.name}) : undefined;`);
-                }
-                else if (qp.type === 'boolean') {
-                    lines.push(`    const ${qp.name} = req.query.${qp.name} !== undefined ? req.query.${qp.name} === 'true' : undefined;`);
-                }
-                else {
-                    lines.push(`    const ${qp.name} = typeof req.query.${qp.name} === 'string' ? req.query.${qp.name} as string : undefined;`);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        lines.push('');
-    }
-    // v3 error responses — JSDoc contract
-    if (errorResponses.length > 0) {
-        lines.push('    // Error contract:');
-        for (const er of errorResponses) {
-            lines.push(`    // ${er.status} — ${er.message}`);
-        }
-        lines.push('');
-    }
-    // Request-scoped AbortController (if any async capability)
-    if (caps.needsAbortController) {
-        lines.push('    const ac = new AbortController();');
-        lines.push("    req.on('close', () => ac.abort());");
-        lines.push('');
-    }
-    if (caps.hasStream) {
-        // SSE route — validate first, then stream
-        lines.push(...generateStreamSetup('    '));
-        lines.push('');
-        const streamHandlerLines = handlerCode.split('\n').map(l => l.trim()).filter(Boolean);
-        // If spawn inside stream, generate spawn code
-        if (caps.hasSpawn && caps.spawnNode) {
-            const spawnLines = generateSpawnCode(caps.spawnNode, '');
-            streamHandlerLines.push(...spawnLines);
-        }
-        lines.push(...generateStreamWrap(streamHandlerLines, caps.hasSpawn, '    '));
-    }
-    else if (caps.hasTimer && caps.timerNode) {
-        // Timer route — wrap handler in timeout
-        lines.push(...generateTimerCode(caps.timerNode, routeHandlerCode, '    '));
-    }
-    else {
-        // Standard route — try/catch → next(error)
-        lines.push('    try {');
-        // Phase 1-3: Portable handler — derive → guard → handler → respond
-        if (hasPortableNodes) {
-            lines.push(...generatePortableHandlerExpress(routeNode, '      ', path));
-        }
-        else {
-            lines.push(...indentBlock(handlerCode, '      '));
-        }
-        lines.push('    } catch (error) {');
-        lines.push('      next(error);');
-        lines.push('    }');
-    }
-    lines.push('  });');
-    lines.push('}');
-    sourceMap.push({
-        irLine: routeNode.loc?.line || 0,
-        irCol: routeNode.loc?.col || 1,
-        outLine: 1,
-        outCol: 1,
-    });
-    return {
-        registerName,
-        fileBase,
-        artifact: {
-            path: `routes/${fileBase}.ts`,
-            content: lines.join('\n'),
-            type: 'route',
-        },
-    };
-}
-// ── Core node artifact mapping ────────────────────────────────────────────
-/** Map core node type → output directory + artifact type. */
-function coreNodeMeta(type) {
-    switch (type) {
-        case 'interface': return { dir: 'models', artifactType: 'model' };
-        case 'service': return { dir: 'services', artifactType: 'service' };
-        case 'type': return { dir: 'types', artifactType: 'types' };
-        case 'config': return { dir: 'config', artifactType: 'config' };
-        case 'error': return { dir: 'errors', artifactType: 'error' };
-        default: return { dir: 'lib', artifactType: 'lib' };
-    }
-}
-const TOP_LEVEL_CORE = new Set([
-    'type', 'interface', 'service', 'fn', 'machine', 'error',
-    'module', 'config', 'store', 'event', 'const',
-]);
-function buildCoreArtifact(node) {
-    const name = String((node.props || {}).name || node.type);
-    const fileBase = slugify(name);
-    const { dir, artifactType } = coreNodeMeta(node.type);
-    const tsLines = generateCoreNode(node);
-    const content = tsLines.join('\n');
-    // Extract export names for the import line
-    const exportNames = [];
-    for (const line of tsLines) {
-        const m = line.match(/^export (?:type |interface |function |const |class |enum |abstract class )(\w+)/);
-        if (m)
-            exportNames.push(m[1]);
-    }
-    return {
-        importPath: `./${dir}/${fileBase}.js`,
-        exportNames,
-        artifact: {
-            path: `${dir}/${fileBase}.ts`,
-            content,
-            type: artifactType,
-        },
-    };
-}
+import { accountNode, buildDiagnostics, countTokens, getChildren, getFirstChild, getProps, serializeIR, } from '@kernlang/core';
+import { resolveMiddlewareUsage } from './express-middleware.js';
+import { buildCoreArtifact, buildPrismaArtifact, TOP_LEVEL_CORE } from './express-prisma.js';
+import { buildRouteArtifact } from './express-route.js';
+import { escapeSingleQuotes, findServerNode } from './express-utils.js';
+// Re-export buildPrismaArtifact for external consumers
+export { buildPrismaArtifact } from './express-prisma.js';
 export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
     const sourceMap = [];
     const accounted = new Map();
@@ -866,7 +23,7 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
     for (const rn of routeNodes)
         accountNode(accounted, rn, 'consumed', 'route artifact', true);
     const isStrict = !_config || _config.express.security === 'strict';
-    const hasJsonMiddleware = serverMiddlewares.some(m => String(getProps(m).name || '') === 'json');
+    const hasJsonMiddleware = serverMiddlewares.some((m) => String(getProps(m).name || '') === 'json');
     const serverImports = new Set();
     const serverMiddlewareInvocations = [];
     const dependencyComments = [];
@@ -890,26 +47,96 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
     // Collect top-level core language nodes (type, interface, service, config, etc.)
     // Core nodes may live as siblings of server under the parse root, or as server children.
     const rootChildren = root.children || [];
-    const serverChildren = serverNode !== root ? (serverNode.children || []) : [];
+    const serverChildren = serverNode !== root ? serverNode.children || [] : [];
     const coreNodes = [
-        ...rootChildren.filter(c => TOP_LEVEL_CORE.has(c.type)),
-        ...serverChildren.filter(c => TOP_LEVEL_CORE.has(c.type)),
+        ...rootChildren.filter((c) => TOP_LEVEL_CORE.has(c.type)),
+        ...serverChildren.filter((c) => TOP_LEVEL_CORE.has(c.type)),
     ];
     // If the root itself is a core node (parser wraps first top-level node as root), include it
     if (TOP_LEVEL_CORE.has(root.type) && root !== serverNode) {
         coreNodes.unshift(root);
     }
-    const coreArtifactRefs = coreNodes.map(n => buildCoreArtifact(n));
+    const coreArtifactRefs = coreNodes.map((n) => buildCoreArtifact(n));
     for (const cn of coreNodes)
         accountNode(accounted, cn, 'expressed', 'core artifact', true);
     const websocketNodes = getChildren(serverNode, 'websocket');
     for (const ws of websocketNodes)
         accountNode(accounted, ws, 'consumed', 'websocket handler', true);
-    const routeArtifacts = routeNodes.map((routeNode, index) => buildRouteArtifact(routeNode, index, middlewareArtifacts, sourceMap));
+    const routeArtifacts = routeNodes.map((routeNode, index) => buildRouteArtifact(routeNode, index, middlewareArtifacts, sourceMap, isStrict ? 'strict' : 'relaxed'));
+    const hasHealthRoute = routeNodes.some((routeNode) => {
+        const props = getProps(routeNode);
+        return String(props.path || '/') === '/health' && String(props.method || 'get').toLowerCase() === 'get';
+    });
+    // Auth middleware: generate real JWT implementation when any route uses auth
+    const hasAuth = routeNodes.some((r) => getFirstChild(r, 'auth'));
+    if (hasAuth && !middlewareArtifacts.has('auth')) {
+        const authArtifact = {
+            path: 'middleware/auth.ts',
+            content: [
+                `import type { NextFunction, Request, Response } from 'express';`,
+                `import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken';`,
+                ``,
+                ...(isStrict
+                    ? [
+                        `const JWT_SECRET = process.env.JWT_SECRET;`,
+                        ``,
+                        `if (!JWT_SECRET) {`,
+                        `  throw new Error('JWT_SECRET environment variable is required in strict mode');`,
+                        `}`,
+                    ]
+                    : [`const JWT_SECRET = process.env.JWT_SECRET || 'change-me-in-production';`]),
+                `const JWT_ALGORITHM = process.env.JWT_ALGORITHM || 'HS256';`,
+                ``,
+                `export interface AuthUser {`,
+                `  id: string;`,
+                `  [key: string]: unknown;`,
+                `}`,
+                ``,
+                `declare global {`,
+                `  namespace Express {`,
+                `    interface Request {`,
+                `      user?: AuthUser;`,
+                `    }`,
+                `  }`,
+                `}`,
+                ``,
+                `export function authRequired(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction): void {`,
+                `  const header = req.headers.authorization;`,
+                `  if (!header?.startsWith('Bearer ')) {`,
+                `    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Missing or invalid Authorization header' });`,
+                `    return;`,
+                `  }`,
+                `  try {`,
+                `    const payload = jwt.verify(header.slice(7), JWT_SECRET, { algorithms: [JWT_ALGORITHM] }) as AuthUser;`,
+                `    req.user = payload;`,
+                `    next();`,
+                `  } catch {`,
+                `    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid or expired token' });`,
+                `  }`,
+                `}`,
+                ``,
+                `export function authOptional(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction): void {`,
+                `  const header = req.headers.authorization;`,
+                `  if (header?.startsWith('Bearer ')) {`,
+                `    try {`,
+                `      req.user = jwt.verify(header.slice(7), JWT_SECRET, { algorithms: [JWT_ALGORITHM] }) as AuthUser;`,
+                `    } catch { /* token invalid — proceed without user */ }`,
+                `  }`,
+                `  next();`,
+                `}`,
+            ].join('\n'),
+            type: 'middleware',
+        };
+        middlewareArtifacts.set('auth', { artifact: authArtifact, exportName: 'authRequired', fileBase: 'auth' });
+        dependencyComments.push('jsonwebtoken');
+    }
     const lines = [];
     if (dependencyComments.length > 0) {
         lines.push(`// Dependencies: ${dependencyComments.join(', ')}`);
     }
+    if (isStrict) {
+        lines.push(`import crypto from 'node:crypto';`);
+    }
     lines.push(`import express from 'express';`);
     lines.push(`import type { NextFunction, Request, Response } from 'express';`);
     if (websocketNodes.length > 0) {
@@ -935,6 +162,12 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
     // Hardened defaults (strict mode)
     if (isStrict) {
         lines.push(`app.disable('x-powered-by');`);
+        lines.push(`app.use((req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {`);
+        lines.push(`  const id = crypto.randomUUID();`);
+        lines.push(`  res.setHeader('X-Request-ID', id);`);
+        lines.push(`  (req as any).requestId = id;`);
+        lines.push(`  next();`);
+        lines.push(`});`);
         if (!hasJsonMiddleware) {
             lines.push(`app.use(express.json({ limit: '1mb' }));`);
         }
@@ -946,6 +179,13 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
     if (serverMiddlewareInvocations.length > 0 && routeArtifacts.length > 0) {
         lines.push('');
     }
+    // Health check — before user routes so it can't be shadowed by catch-all
+    if (isStrict && !hasHealthRoute) {
+        lines.push(`app.get('/health', (_req: Request, res: Response) => {`);
+        lines.push(`  res.status(200).json({ status: 'ok' });`);
+        lines.push('});');
+        lines.push('');
+    }
     for (const routeArtifact of routeArtifacts) {
         lines.push(`${routeArtifact.registerName}(app);`);
     }
@@ -985,7 +225,7 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
             lines.push('');
             lines.push(`${wsName}Server.on('connection', (ws: WebSocket) => {`);
             // on event=connect
-            const connectNode = wsOnNodes.find(n => {
+            const connectNode = wsOnNodes.find((n) => {
                 const e = String(getProps(n).event || getProps(n).name || '');
                 return e === 'connect' || e === 'connection';
             });
@@ -999,13 +239,19 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
                 }
             }
             // on event=message
-            const messageNode = wsOnNodes.find(n => {
+            const messageNode = wsOnNodes.find((n) => {
                 const e = String(getProps(n).event || getProps(n).name || '');
                 return e === 'message';
             });
             lines.push('');
             lines.push(`  ws.on('message', (raw: Buffer) => {`);
-            lines.push(`    const data = JSON.parse(raw.toString());`);
+            lines.push(`    let data: any;`);
+            lines.push(`    try {`);
+            lines.push(`      data = JSON.parse(raw.toString());`);
+            lines.push(`    } catch {`);
+            lines.push(`      ws.send(JSON.stringify({ error: 'Invalid JSON payload' }));`);
+            lines.push(`      return;`);
+            lines.push(`    }`);
             if (messageNode) {
                 const handlerChild = getChildren(messageNode, 'handler')[0];
                 const code = handlerChild ? String(getProps(handlerChild).code || '') : '';
@@ -1017,7 +263,7 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
             }
             lines.push(`  });`);
             // on event=error
-            const errorNode = wsOnNodes.find(n => {
+            const errorNode = wsOnNodes.find((n) => {
                 const e = String(getProps(n).event || getProps(n).name || '');
                 return e === 'error';
             });
@@ -1034,7 +280,7 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
                 lines.push(`  });`);
             }
             // on event=disconnect/close
-            const closeNode = wsOnNodes.find(n => {
+            const closeNode = wsOnNodes.find((n) => {
                 const e = String(getProps(n).event || getProps(n).name || '');
                 return e === 'disconnect' || e === 'close';
             });
@@ -1056,12 +302,37 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
         lines.push(`server.listen(port, () => {`);
         lines.push(`  console.log(\`\${serverName} listening on port \${port}\`);`);
         lines.push('});');
+        lines.push(`const shutdown = (signal: string) => {`);
+        lines.push(`  console.log(\`\${signal} received, shutting down gracefully...\`);`);
+        for (const wsNode of websocketNodes) {
+            const wsName = String(getProps(wsNode).name || 'ws');
+            lines.push(`  ${wsName}Server.clients.forEach((client: WebSocket) => client.terminate());`);
+            lines.push(`  ${wsName}Server.close();`);
+        }
+        lines.push(`  server.close(() => {`);
+        lines.push(`    console.log('Server closed');`);
+        lines.push(`    process.exit(0);`);
+        lines.push(`  });`);
+        lines.push(`  setTimeout(() => { console.error('Forced shutdown'); process.exit(1); }, 30000);`);
+        lines.push(`};`);
+        lines.push(`process.on('SIGTERM', () => shutdown('SIGTERM'));`);
+        lines.push(`process.on('SIGINT', () => shutdown('SIGINT'));`);
     }
     else {
         lines.push('');
-        lines.push(`app.listen(port, () => {`);
+        lines.push(`const server = app.listen(port, () => {`);
         lines.push(`  console.log(\`\${serverName} listening on port \${port}\`);`);
         lines.push('});');
+        lines.push(`const shutdown = (signal: string) => {`);
+        lines.push(`  console.log(\`\${signal} received, shutting down gracefully...\`);`);
+        lines.push(`  server.close(() => {`);
+        lines.push(`    console.log('Server closed');`);
+        lines.push(`    process.exit(0);`);
+        lines.push(`  });`);
+        lines.push(`  setTimeout(() => { console.error('Forced shutdown'); process.exit(1); }, 30000);`);
+        lines.push(`};`);
+        lines.push(`process.on('SIGTERM', () => shutdown('SIGTERM'));`);
+        lines.push(`process.on('SIGINT', () => shutdown('SIGINT'));`);
     }
     lines.push('');
     lines.push('export default app;');
@@ -1071,14 +342,150 @@ export function transpileExpress(root, _config) {
         outLine: 1,
         outCol: 1,
     });
+    // Build Prisma schema artifact from model nodes
+    const modelNodes = coreNodes.filter((n) => n.type === 'model');
+    const prismaArtifact = buildPrismaArtifact(modelNodes, _config);
+    // DB connection: implicit path — auto-generate when models exist but no explicit dependency kind=database
+    const hasExplicitDb = coreNodes.some((n) => n.type === 'dependency' && String(n.props?.kind) === 'database');
+    let dbArtifact = null;
+    if (modelNodes.length > 0 && !hasExplicitDb) {
+        dbArtifact = {
+            path: 'lib/db.ts',
+            content: [
+                `import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';`,
+                ``,
+                `const globalForPrisma = globalThis as unknown as { prisma: PrismaClient };`,
+                ``,
+                `export const prisma = globalForPrisma.prisma ?? new PrismaClient();`,
+                ``,
+                `if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') globalForPrisma.prisma = prisma;`,
+                ``,
+                `export default prisma;`,
+            ].join('\n'),
+            type: 'lib',
+        };
+        dependencyComments.push('@prisma/client');
+    }
+    // Backend infrastructure artifacts (job, storage, email)
+    const infraArtifacts = [];
+    for (const node of coreNodes) {
+        const np = getProps(node);
+        const nodeName = String(np.name || node.type);
+        if (node.type === 'job') {
+            const queue = String(np.queue || nodeName);
+            const code = getFirstChild(node, 'handler') ? String(getProps(getFirstChild(node, 'handler')).code || '') : '';
+            infraArtifacts.push({
+                path: `jobs/${nodeName}.ts`,
+                content: [
+                    `import { Worker, Queue } from 'bullmq';`,
+                    ``,
+                    `export const ${nodeName}Queue = new Queue('${queue}');`,
+                    ``,
+                    `// Run: npx tsx jobs/${nodeName}.ts`,
+                    `const worker = new Worker('${queue}', async (job) => {`,
+                    ...(code ? code.split('\n').map((l) => `  ${l}`) : [`  // TODO: implement ${nodeName}`]),
+                    `});`,
+                    ``,
+                    `worker.on('completed', (job) => console.log(\`Job \${job.id} completed\`));`,
+                    `worker.on('failed', (job, err) => console.error(\`Job \${job?.id} failed:\`, err));`,
+                    ``,
+                    `export default worker;`,
+                ].join('\n'),
+                type: 'lib',
+            });
+            dependencyComments.push('bullmq');
+        }
+        else if (node.type === 'storage') {
+            const provider = String(np.provider || 's3');
+            const bucket = String(np.bucket || 'my-app-uploads');
+            infraArtifacts.push({
+                path: `lib/${nodeName}.ts`,
+                content: provider === 's3'
+                    ? [
+                        `import { S3Client, PutObjectCommand, GetObjectCommand } from '@aws-sdk/client-s3';`,
+                        `import { getSignedUrl } from '@aws-sdk/s3-request-presigner';`,
+                        ``,
+                        `const s3 = new S3Client({ region: process.env.AWS_REGION || 'us-east-1' });`,
+                        `const BUCKET = process.env.S3_BUCKET || '${bucket}';`,
+                        ``,
+                        `export async function uploadFile(key: string, body: Buffer, contentType: string): Promise<string> {`,
+                        `  await s3.send(new PutObjectCommand({ Bucket: BUCKET, Key: key, Body: body, ContentType: contentType }));`,
+                        `  return key;`,
+                        `}`,
+                        ``,
+                        `export async function getDownloadUrl(key: string, expiresIn = 3600): Promise<string> {`,
+                        `  return getSignedUrl(s3, new GetObjectCommand({ Bucket: BUCKET, Key: key }), { expiresIn });`,
+                        `}`,
+                    ].join('\n')
+                    : [
+                        `import { readFileSync, writeFileSync, mkdirSync } from 'node:fs';`,
+                        `import { join } from 'node:path';`,
+                        ``,
+                        `const STORAGE_DIR = process.env.STORAGE_DIR || './uploads';`,
+                        `mkdirSync(STORAGE_DIR, { recursive: true });`,
+                        ``,
+                        `export function uploadFile(key: string, body: Buffer): string {`,
+                        `  writeFileSync(join(STORAGE_DIR, key), body);`,
+                        `  return key;`,
+                        `}`,
+                        ``,
+                        `export function readFile(key: string): Buffer {`,
+                        `  return readFileSync(join(STORAGE_DIR, key));`,
+                        `}`,
+                    ].join('\n'),
+                type: 'lib',
+            });
+            if (provider === 's3')
+                dependencyComments.push('@aws-sdk/client-s3', '@aws-sdk/s3-request-presigner');
+        }
+        else if (node.type === 'email') {
+            const provider = String(np.provider || 'smtp');
+            const from = String(np.from || 'noreply@example.com');
+            infraArtifacts.push({
+                path: `lib/${nodeName}.ts`,
+                content: provider === 'sendgrid'
+                    ? [
+                        `const SENDGRID_API_KEY = process.env.SENDGRID_API_KEY || '';`,
+                        `const DEFAULT_FROM = '${from}';`,
+                        ``,
+                        `export async function sendEmail(to: string, subject: string, html: string, from = DEFAULT_FROM): Promise<void> {`,
+                        `  await fetch('https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/mail/send', {`,
+                        `    method: 'POST',`,
+                        `    headers: { Authorization: \`Bearer \${SENDGRID_API_KEY}\`, 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },`,
+                        `    body: JSON.stringify({ personalizations: [{ to: [{ email: to }] }], from: { email: from }, subject, content: [{ type: 'text/html', value: html }] }),`,
+                        `  });`,
+                        `}`,
+                    ].join('\n')
+                    : [
+                        `import { createTransport } from 'nodemailer';`,
+                        ``,
+                        `const transporter = createTransport({`,
+                        `  host: process.env.SMTP_HOST || 'localhost',`,
+                        `  port: Number(process.env.SMTP_PORT || 587),`,
+                        `  auth: { user: process.env.SMTP_USER, pass: process.env.SMTP_PASS },`,
+                        `});`,
+                        ``,
+                        `export async function sendEmail(to: string, subject: string, html: string, from = '${from}'): Promise<void> {`,
+                        `  await transporter.sendMail({ from, to, subject, html });`,
+                        `}`,
+                    ].join('\n'),
+                type: 'lib',
+            });
+            if (provider !== 'sendgrid')
+                dependencyComments.push('nodemailer');
+        }
+    }
     const artifacts = [
-        ...routeArtifacts.map(route => route.artifact),
-        ...[...middlewareArtifacts.values()].map(entry => entry.artifact),
-        ...coreArtifactRefs.map(ref => ref.artifact),
+        ...routeArtifacts.map((route) => route.artifact),
+        ...[...middlewareArtifacts.values()].map((entry) => entry.artifact),
+        ...coreArtifactRefs.map((ref) => ref.artifact),
+        ...(prismaArtifact ? [prismaArtifact] : []),
+        ...(dbArtifact ? [dbArtifact] : []),
+        ...infraArtifacts,
     ];
     const output = lines.join('\n');
     const irText = serializeIR(root);
-    const tsText = [output, ...artifacts.map(artifact => artifact.content)].join('\n');
+    const tsText = [output, ...artifacts.map((artifact) => artifact.content)].join('\n');
     const irTokenCount = countTokens(irText);
     const tsTokenCount = countTokens(tsText);
     const tokenReduction = Math.round((1 - irTokenCount / tsTokenCount) * 100);