@karmaniverous/get-dotenv 6.0.0-1 → 6.1.0

package/dist/plugins-init.mjs

@@ -1,51 +1,16 @@
 import { stdin, stdout } from 'node:process';
 import fs from 'fs-extra';
-import path from 'path';
+import path, { join, extname } from 'path';
 import { createInterface } from 'readline/promises';
 import { z } from 'zod';
-import 'package-directory';
-import 'url';
-import 'yaml';
-import 'nanoid';
-import 'dotenv';
-import 'crypto';
-
-/**
- * Zod schemas for configuration files discovered by the new loader.
- *
- * Notes:
- * - RAW: all fields optional; shapes are stringly-friendly (paths may be string[] or string).
- * - RESOLVED: normalized shapes (paths always string[]).
- * - For JSON/YAML configs, the loader rejects "dynamic" and "schema" (JS/TS-only).
- */
-// String-only env value map
-const stringMap = z.record(z.string(), z.string());
-const envStringMap = z.record(z.string(), stringMap);
-// Allow string[] or single string for "paths" in RAW; normalize later.
-const rawPathsSchema = z.union([z.array(z.string()), z.string()]).optional();
-const getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw = z.object({
-    dotenvToken: z.string().optional(),
-    privateToken: z.string().optional(),
-    paths: rawPathsSchema,
-    loadProcess: z.boolean().optional(),
-    log: z.boolean().optional(),
-    shell: z.union([z.string(), z.boolean()]).optional(),
-    scripts: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(), // Scripts validation left wide; generator validates elsewhere
-    requiredKeys: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
-    schema: z.unknown().optional(), // JS/TS-only; loader rejects in JSON/YAML
-    vars: stringMap.optional(), // public, global
-    envVars: envStringMap.optional(), // public, per-env
-    // Dynamic in config (JS/TS only). JSON/YAML loader will reject if set.
-    dynamic: z.unknown().optional(),
-    // Per-plugin config bag; validated by plugins/host when used.
-    plugins: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
-});
-// Normalize paths to string[]
-const normalizePaths = (p) => p === undefined ? undefined : Array.isArray(p) ? p : [p];
-getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.transform((raw) => ({
-    ...raw,
-    paths: normalizePaths(raw.paths),
-}));
+import { packageDirectory } from 'package-directory';
+import url, { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+import YAML from 'yaml';
+import { createHash } from 'crypto';
+import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
+import { parse } from 'dotenv';
+import 'execa';
+import { Option, Command } from '@commander-js/extra-typings';
 
 /**
  * Zod schemas for programmatic GetDotenv options.
@@ -53,10 +18,13 @@ getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.transform((raw) => ({
  * Canonical source of truth for options shape. Public types are derived
  * from these schemas (see consumers via z.output\<\>).
  */
-// Minimal process env representation: string values or undefined to indicate "unset".
+/**
+ * Minimal process env representation used by options and helpers.
+ * Values may be `undefined` to indicate "unset".
+ */
 const processEnvSchema = z.record(z.string(), z.string().optional());
 // RAW: all fields optional — undefined means "inherit" from lower layers.
-z.object({
+const getDotenvOptionsSchemaRaw = z.object({
     defaultEnv: z.string().optional(),
     dotenvToken: z.string().optional(),
     dynamicPath: z.string().optional(),
@@ -70,12 +38,1035 @@ z.object({
     excludePublic: z.boolean().optional(),
     loadProcess: z.boolean().optional(),
     log: z.boolean().optional(),
-    logger: z.unknown().optional(),
+    logger: z.unknown().default(console),
     outputPath: z.string().optional(),
     paths: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
     privateToken: z.string().optional(),
     vars: processEnvSchema.optional(),
 });
+/**
+ * Resolved programmatic options schema (post-inheritance).
+ * For now, this mirrors the RAW schema; future stages may materialize defaults
+ * and narrow shapes as resolution is wired into the host.
+ */
+const getDotenvOptionsSchemaResolved = getDotenvOptionsSchemaRaw;
+
+/**
+ * Zod schemas for CLI-facing GetDotenv options (raw/resolved stubs).
+ *
+ * RAW allows stringly inputs (paths/vars + splitters). RESOLVED will later
+ * reflect normalized types (paths: string[], vars: ProcessEnv), applied in the
+ * CLI resolution pipeline.
+ */
+const getDotenvCliOptionsSchemaRaw = getDotenvOptionsSchemaRaw.extend({
+    // CLI-specific fields (stringly inputs before preprocessing)
+    debug: z.boolean().optional(),
+    strict: z.boolean().optional(),
+    capture: z.boolean().optional(),
+    trace: z.union([z.boolean(), z.array(z.string())]).optional(),
+    redact: z.boolean().optional(),
+    warnEntropy: z.boolean().optional(),
+    entropyThreshold: z.number().optional(),
+    entropyMinLength: z.number().optional(),
+    entropyWhitelist: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+    redactPatterns: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+    paths: z.string().optional(),
+    pathsDelimiter: z.string().optional(),
+    pathsDelimiterPattern: z.string().optional(),
+    scripts: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
+    shell: z.union([z.boolean(), z.string()]).optional(),
+    vars: z.string().optional(),
+    varsAssignor: z.string().optional(),
+    varsAssignorPattern: z.string().optional(),
+    varsDelimiter: z.string().optional(),
+    varsDelimiterPattern: z.string().optional(),
+});
+
+const visibilityMap = z.record(z.string(), z.boolean());
+/**
+ * Zod schemas for configuration files discovered by the new loader.
+ *
+ * Notes:
+ * - RAW: all fields optional; only allowed top-level keys are:
+ *   - rootOptionDefaults, rootOptionVisibility
+ *   - scripts, vars, envVars
+ *   - dynamic (JS/TS only), schema (JS/TS only)
+ *   - plugins, requiredKeys
+ * - RESOLVED: mirrors RAW (no path normalization).
+ * - For JSON/YAML configs, the loader rejects "dynamic" and "schema" (JS/TS only).
+ */
+// String-only env value map
+const stringMap = z.record(z.string(), z.string());
+const envStringMap = z.record(z.string(), stringMap);
+/**
+ * Raw configuration schema for get‑dotenv config files (JSON/YAML/JS/TS).
+ * Validates allowed top‑level keys without performing path normalization.
+ */
+const getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw = z.object({
+    rootOptionDefaults: getDotenvCliOptionsSchemaRaw.optional(),
+    rootOptionVisibility: visibilityMap.optional(),
+    scripts: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(), // Scripts validation left wide; generator validates elsewhere
+    requiredKeys: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+    schema: z.unknown().optional(), // JS/TS-only; loader rejects in JSON/YAML
+    vars: stringMap.optional(), // public, global
+    envVars: envStringMap.optional(), // public, per-env
+    // Dynamic in config (JS/TS only). JSON/YAML loader will reject if set.
+    dynamic: z.unknown().optional(),
+    // Per-plugin config bag; validated by plugins/host when used.
+    plugins: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
+});
+/**
+ * Resolved configuration schema which preserves the raw shape while narrowing
+ * the output to {@link GetDotenvConfigResolved}. Consumers get a strongly typed
+ * object, while the underlying validation remains Zod‑driven.
+ */
+const getDotenvConfigSchemaResolved = getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.transform((raw) => raw);
+
+/** @internal */
+const isPlainObject$1 = (value) => value !== null &&
+    typeof value === 'object' &&
+    Object.getPrototypeOf(value) === Object.prototype;
+const mergeInto = (target, source) => {
+    for (const [key, sVal] of Object.entries(source)) {
+        if (sVal === undefined)
+            continue; // do not overwrite with undefined
+        const tVal = target[key];
+        if (isPlainObject$1(tVal) && isPlainObject$1(sVal)) {
+            target[key] = mergeInto({ ...tVal }, sVal);
+        }
+        else if (isPlainObject$1(sVal)) {
+            target[key] = mergeInto({}, sVal);
+        }
+        else {
+            target[key] = sVal;
+        }
+    }
+    return target;
+};
+function defaultsDeep(...layers) {
+    const result = layers
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .reduce((acc, layer) => mergeInto(acc, layer), {});
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a dotenv record to a file with minimal quoting (multiline values are quoted).
+ * Future-proofs for ordering/sorting changes (currently insertion order).
+ *
+ * @param filename - Destination dotenv file path.
+ * @param data - Env-like map of values to write (values may be `undefined`).
+ * @returns A `Promise\<void\>` which resolves when the file has been written.
+ */
+async function writeDotenvFile(filename, data) {
+    // Serialize: key=value with quotes only for multiline values.
+    const body = Object.keys(data).reduce((acc, key) => {
+        const v = data[key] ?? '';
+        const val = v.includes('\n') ? `"${v}"` : v;
+        return `${acc}${key}=${val}\n`;
+    }, '');
+    await fs.writeFile(filename, body, { encoding: 'utf-8' });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dotenv expansion utilities.
+ *
+ * This module implements recursive expansion of environment-variable
+ * references in strings and records. It supports both whitespace and
+ * bracket syntaxes with optional defaults:
+ *
+ * - Whitespace: `$VAR[:default]`
+ * - Bracketed: `${VAR[:default]}`
+ *
+ * Escaped dollar signs (`\$`) are preserved.
+ * Unknown variables resolve to empty string unless a default is provided.
+ */
+/**
+ * Like String.prototype.search but returns the last index.
+ * @internal
+ */
+const searchLast = (str, rgx) => {
+    const matches = Array.from(str.matchAll(rgx));
+    return matches.length > 0 ? (matches.slice(-1)[0]?.index ?? -1) : -1;
+};
+const replaceMatch = (value, match, ref) => {
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    const group = match[0];
+    const key = match[1];
+    const defaultValue = match[2];
+    if (!key)
+        return value;
+    const replacement = value.replace(group, ref[key] ?? defaultValue ?? '');
+    return interpolate(replacement, ref);
+};
+const interpolate = (value = '', ref = {}) => {
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    // if value is falsy, return it as is
+    if (!value)
+        return value;
+    // get position of last unescaped dollar sign
+    const lastUnescapedDollarSignIndex = searchLast(value, /(?!(?<=\\))\$/g);
+    // return value if none found
+    if (lastUnescapedDollarSignIndex === -1)
+        return value;
+    // evaluate the value tail
+    const tail = value.slice(lastUnescapedDollarSignIndex);
+    // find whitespace pattern: $KEY:DEFAULT
+    const whitespacePattern = /^\$([\w]+)(?::([^\s]*))?/;
+    const whitespaceMatch = whitespacePattern.exec(tail);
+    if (whitespaceMatch != null)
+        return replaceMatch(value, whitespaceMatch, ref);
+    else {
+        // find bracket pattern: ${KEY:DEFAULT}
+        const bracketPattern = /^\${([\w]+)(?::([^}]*))?}/;
+        const bracketMatch = bracketPattern.exec(tail);
+        if (bracketMatch != null)
+            return replaceMatch(value, bracketMatch, ref);
+    }
+    return value;
+};
+/**
+ * Recursively expands environment variables in a string. Variables may be
+ * presented with optional default as `$VAR[:default]` or `${VAR[:default]}`.
+ * Unknown variables will expand to an empty string.
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to expand.
+ * @param ref - The reference object to use for variable expansion.
+ * @returns The expanded string.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * process.env.FOO = 'bar';
+ * dotenvExpand('Hello $FOO'); // "Hello bar"
+ * dotenvExpand('Hello $BAZ:world'); // "Hello world"
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * The expansion is recursive. If a referenced variable itself contains
+ * references, those will also be expanded until a stable value is reached.
+ * Escaped references (e.g. `\$FOO`) are preserved as literals.
+ */
+const dotenvExpand = (value, ref = process.env) => {
+    const result = interpolate(value, ref);
+    return result ? result.replace(/\\\$/g, '$') : undefined;
+};
+/**
+ * Recursively expands environment variables in the values of a JSON object.
+ * Variables may be presented with optional default as `$VAR[:default]` or
+ * `${VAR[:default]}`. Unknown variables will expand to an empty string.
+ *
+ * @param values - The values object to expand.
+ * @param options - Expansion options.
+ * @returns The value object with expanded string values.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * process.env.FOO = 'bar';
+ * dotenvExpandAll({ A: '$FOO', B: 'x${FOO}y' });
+ * // => { A: "bar", B: "xbary" }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * Options:
+ * - ref: The reference object to use for expansion (defaults to process.env).
+ * - progressive: Whether to progressively add expanded values to the set of
+ *   reference keys.
+ *
+ * When `progressive` is true, each expanded key becomes available for
+ * subsequent expansions in the same object (left-to-right by object key order).
+ */
+function dotenvExpandAll(values, options = {}) {
+    const { ref = process.env, progressive = false, } = options;
+    const out = Object.keys(values).reduce((acc, key) => {
+        acc[key] = dotenvExpand(values[key], {
+            ...ref,
+            ...(progressive ? acc : {}),
+        });
+        return acc;
+    }, {});
+    // Key-preserving return with a permissive index signature to allow later additions.
+    return out;
+}
+/**
+ * Recursively expands environment variables in a string using `process.env` as
+ * the expansion reference. Variables may be presented with optional default as
+ * `$VAR[:default]` or `${VAR[:default]}`. Unknown variables will expand to an
+ * empty string.
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to expand.
+ * @returns The expanded string.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * process.env.FOO = 'bar';
+ * dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv('Hello $FOO'); // "Hello bar"
+ * ```
+ */
+const dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv = (value) => dotenvExpand(value, process.env);
+
+/** @internal */
+const isPlainObject = (v) => v !== null &&
+    typeof v === 'object' &&
+    !Array.isArray(v) &&
+    Object.getPrototypeOf(v) === Object.prototype;
+/**
+ * Deeply interpolate string leaves against envRef.
+ * Arrays are not recursed into; they are returned unchanged.
+ *
+ * @typeParam T - Shape of the input value.
+ * @param value - Input value (object/array/primitive).
+ * @param envRef - Reference environment for interpolation.
+ * @returns A new value with string leaves interpolated.
+ */
+const interpolateDeep = (value, envRef) => {
+    // Strings: expand and return
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+        const out = dotenvExpand(value, envRef);
+        // dotenvExpand returns string | undefined; preserve original on undefined
+        return (out ?? value);
+    }
+    // Arrays: return as-is (no recursion)
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    // Plain objects: shallow clone and recurse into values
+    if (isPlainObject(value)) {
+        const src = value;
+        const out = {};
+        for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(src)) {
+            // Recurse for strings/objects; keep arrays as-is; preserve other scalars
+            if (typeof v === 'string')
+                out[k] = dotenvExpand(v, envRef) ?? v;
+            else if (Array.isArray(v))
+                out[k] = v;
+            else if (isPlainObject(v))
+                out[k] = interpolateDeep(v, envRef);
+            else
+                out[k] = v;
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+    // Other primitives/types: return as-is
+    return value;
+};
+
+const importDefault = async (fileUrl) => {
+    const mod = (await import(fileUrl));
+    return mod.default;
+};
+const cacheHash = (absPath, mtimeMs) => createHash('sha1')
+    .update(absPath)
+    .update(String(mtimeMs))
+    .digest('hex')
+    .slice(0, 12);
+/**
+ * Remove older compiled cache files for a given source base name, keeping
+ * at most `keep` most-recent files. Errors are ignored by design.
+ */
+const cleanupOldCacheFiles = async (cacheDir, baseName, keep = Math.max(1, Number.parseInt(process.env.GETDOTENV_CACHE_KEEP ?? '2'))) => {
+    try {
+        const entries = await fs.readdir(cacheDir);
+        const mine = entries
+            .filter((f) => f.startsWith(`${baseName}.`) && f.endsWith('.mjs'))
+            .map((f) => path.join(cacheDir, f));
+        if (mine.length <= keep)
+            return;
+        const stats = await Promise.all(mine.map(async (p) => ({ p, mtimeMs: (await fs.stat(p)).mtimeMs })));
+        stats.sort((a, b) => b.mtimeMs - a.mtimeMs);
+        const toDelete = stats.slice(keep).map((s) => s.p);
+        await Promise.all(toDelete.map(async (p) => {
+            try {
+                await fs.remove(p);
+            }
+            catch {
+                // best-effort cleanup
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+    catch {
+        // best-effort cleanup
+    }
+};
+/**
+ * Load a module default export from a JS/TS file with robust fallbacks.
+ *
+ * Behavior by extension:
+ *
+ * - `.js`/`.mjs`/`.cjs`: direct dynamic import.
+ * - `.ts`/`.mts`/`.cts`/`.tsx`:
+ *   - try direct dynamic import (when a TS loader is active),
+ *   - else compile via `esbuild` to a cached `.mjs` file and import,
+ *   - else fallback to `typescript.transpileModule` for simple modules.
+ *
+ * @typeParam T - Type of the expected default export.
+ * @param absPath - Absolute path to the source file.
+ * @param cacheDirName - Cache subfolder under `.tsbuild/`.
+ * @returns A `Promise\<T | undefined\>` resolving to the default export (if any).
+ */
+const loadModuleDefault = async (absPath, cacheDirName) => {
+    const ext = path.extname(absPath).toLowerCase();
+    const fileUrl = url.pathToFileURL(absPath).toString();
+    if (!['.ts', '.mts', '.cts', '.tsx'].includes(ext)) {
+        return importDefault(fileUrl);
+    }
+    // Try direct import first (TS loader active)
+    try {
+        const dyn = await importDefault(fileUrl);
+        if (dyn)
+            return dyn;
+    }
+    catch {
+        /* fall through */
+    }
+    const stat = await fs.stat(absPath);
+    const hash = cacheHash(absPath, stat.mtimeMs);
+    const cacheDir = path.resolve('.tsbuild', cacheDirName);
+    await fs.ensureDir(cacheDir);
+    const cacheFile = path.join(cacheDir, `${path.basename(absPath)}.${hash}.mjs`);
+    // Try esbuild
+    try {
+        const esbuild = (await import('esbuild'));
+        await esbuild.build({
+            entryPoints: [absPath],
+            bundle: true,
+            platform: 'node',
+            format: 'esm',
+            target: 'node20',
+            outfile: cacheFile,
+            sourcemap: false,
+            logLevel: 'silent',
+        });
+        const result = await importDefault(url.pathToFileURL(cacheFile).toString());
+        // Best-effort: trim older cache files for this source.
+        await cleanupOldCacheFiles(cacheDir, path.basename(absPath));
+        return result;
+    }
+    catch {
+        /* fall through to TS transpile */
+    }
+    // TypeScript transpile fallback
+    try {
+        const ts = (await import('typescript'));
+        const code = await fs.readFile(absPath, 'utf-8');
+        const out = ts.transpileModule(code, {
+            compilerOptions: {
+                module: 'ESNext',
+                target: 'ES2022',
+                moduleResolution: 'NodeNext',
+            },
+        }).outputText;
+        await fs.writeFile(cacheFile, out, 'utf-8');
+        const result = await importDefault(url.pathToFileURL(cacheFile).toString());
+        // Best-effort: trim older cache files for this source.
+        await cleanupOldCacheFiles(cacheDir, path.basename(absPath));
+        return result;
+    }
+    catch {
+        // Caller decides final error wording; rethrow for upstream mapping.
+        throw new Error(`Unable to load JS/TS module: ${absPath}. Install 'esbuild' or ensure a TS loader.`);
+    }
+};
+
+/** src/util/omitUndefined.ts
+ * Helpers to drop undefined-valued properties in a typed-friendly way.
+ */
+/**
+ * Omit keys whose runtime value is undefined from a shallow object.
+ * Returns a Partial with non-undefined value types preserved.
+ *
+ * @typeParam T - Input object shape.
+ * @param obj - Object to filter.
+ * @returns A shallow copy of `obj` without keys whose value is `undefined`.
+ */
+function omitUndefined(obj) {
+    const out = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+        if (v !== undefined)
+            out[k] = v;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+/**
+ * Specialized helper for env-like maps: drop undefined and return string-only.
+ *
+ * @typeParam V - Value type for present entries (must extend `string`).
+ * @param obj - Env-like record containing `string | undefined` values.
+ * @returns A new record containing only the keys with defined values.
+ */
+function omitUndefinedRecord(obj) {
+    const out = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+        if (v !== undefined)
+            out[k] = v;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @packageDocumentation
+ * Configuration discovery and loading for get‑dotenv. Discovers config files
+ * in the packaged root and project root, loads JSON/YAML/JS/TS documents, and
+ * validates them against Zod schemas.
+ */
+// Discovery candidates (first match wins per scope/privacy).
+// Order preserves historical JSON/YAML precedence; JS/TS added afterwards.
+const PUBLIC_FILENAMES = [
+    'getdotenv.config.json',
+    'getdotenv.config.yaml',
+    'getdotenv.config.yml',
+    'getdotenv.config.js',
+    'getdotenv.config.mjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.cjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.ts',
+    'getdotenv.config.mts',
+    'getdotenv.config.cts',
+];
+const LOCAL_FILENAMES = [
+    'getdotenv.config.local.json',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.yaml',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.yml',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.js',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.mjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.cjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.ts',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.mts',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.cts',
+];
+const isYaml = (p) => ['.yaml', '.yml'].includes(extname(p).toLowerCase());
+const isJson = (p) => extname(p).toLowerCase() === '.json';
+const isJsOrTs = (p) => ['.js', '.mjs', '.cjs', '.ts', '.mts', '.cts'].includes(extname(p).toLowerCase());
+/**
+ * Discover JSON/YAML config files in the packaged root and project root.
+ * Order: packaged public → project public → project local. */
+const discoverConfigFiles = async (importMetaUrl) => {
+    const files = [];
+    // Packaged root via importMetaUrl (optional)
+    if (importMetaUrl) {
+        const fromUrl = fileURLToPath(importMetaUrl);
+        const packagedRoot = await packageDirectory({ cwd: fromUrl });
+        if (packagedRoot) {
+            for (const name of PUBLIC_FILENAMES) {
+                const p = join(packagedRoot, name);
+                if (await fs.pathExists(p)) {
+                    files.push({ path: p, privacy: 'public', scope: 'packaged' });
+                    break; // only one public file expected per scope
+                }
+            }
+            // By policy, packaged .local is not expected; skip even if present.
+        }
+    }
+    // Project root (from current working directory)
+    const projectRoot = await packageDirectory();
+    if (projectRoot) {
+        for (const name of PUBLIC_FILENAMES) {
+            const p = join(projectRoot, name);
+            if (await fs.pathExists(p)) {
+                files.push({ path: p, privacy: 'public', scope: 'project' });
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        for (const name of LOCAL_FILENAMES) {
+            const p = join(projectRoot, name);
+            if (await fs.pathExists(p)) {
+                files.push({ path: p, privacy: 'local', scope: 'project' });
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return files;
+};
+/**
+ * Load a single config file (JSON/YAML). JS/TS is not supported in this step.
+ * Validates with Zod RAW schema, then normalizes to RESOLVED.
+ *
+ * For JSON/YAML: if a "dynamic" property is present, throws with guidance.
+ * For JS/TS: default export is loaded; "dynamic" is allowed.
+ */
+const loadConfigFile = async (filePath) => {
+    let raw = {};
+    try {
+        const abs = path.resolve(filePath);
+        if (isJsOrTs(abs)) {
+            // JS/TS support: load default export via shared robust pipeline.
+            const mod = await loadModuleDefault(abs, 'getdotenv-config');
+            raw = mod ?? {};
+        }
+        else {
+            const txt = await fs.readFile(abs, 'utf-8');
+            raw = isJson(abs) ? JSON.parse(txt) : isYaml(abs) ? YAML.parse(txt) : {};
+        }
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to read/parse config: ${filePath}. ${String(err)}`);
+    }
+    // Validate RAW
+    const parsed = getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.safeParse(raw);
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+        const msgs = parsed.error.issues
+            .map((i) => `${i.path.join('.')}: ${i.message}`)
+            .join('\n');
+        throw new Error(`Invalid config ${filePath}:\n${msgs}`);
+    }
+    // Disallow dynamic and schema in JSON/YAML; allow both in JS/TS.
+    if (!isJsOrTs(filePath) &&
+        (parsed.data.dynamic !== undefined || parsed.data.schema !== undefined)) {
+        throw new Error(`Config ${filePath} specifies unsupported keys for JSON/YAML. ` +
+            `Use JS/TS config for "dynamic" or "schema".`);
+    }
+    return getDotenvConfigSchemaResolved.parse(parsed.data);
+};
+/**
+ * Discover and load configs into resolved shapes, ordered by scope/privacy.
+ * JSON/YAML/JS/TS supported; first match per scope/privacy applies.
+ */
+const resolveGetDotenvConfigSources = async (importMetaUrl) => {
+    const discovered = await discoverConfigFiles(importMetaUrl);
+    const result = {};
+    for (const f of discovered) {
+        const cfg = await loadConfigFile(f.path);
+        if (f.scope === 'packaged') {
+            // packaged public only
+            result.packaged = cfg;
+        }
+        else {
+            result.project ??= {};
+            if (f.privacy === 'public')
+                result.project.public = cfg;
+            else
+                result.project.local = cfg;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+/** src/env/dynamic.ts
+ * Helpers for applying and loading dynamic variables (JS/TS).
+ *
+ * Requirements addressed:
+ * - Single service to apply a dynamic map progressively.
+ * - Single service to load a JS/TS dynamic module with robust fallbacks (util/loadModuleDefault).
+ * - Unify error messaging so callers show consistent guidance.
+ */
+/**
+ * Apply a dynamic map to the target progressively.
+ * - Functions receive (target, env) and may return string | undefined.
+ * - Literals are assigned directly (including undefined).
+ *
+ * @param target - Mutable target environment to assign into.
+ * @param map - Dynamic map to apply (functions and/or literal values).
+ * @param env - Selected environment name (if any) passed through to dynamic functions.
+ * @returns Nothing.
+ */
+function applyDynamicMap(target, map, env) {
+    if (!map)
+        return;
+    for (const key of Object.keys(map)) {
+        const val = typeof map[key] === 'function'
+            ? map[key](target, env)
+            : map[key];
+        Object.assign(target, { [key]: val });
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Load a default-export dynamic map from a JS/TS file and apply it.
+ * Uses util/loadModuleDefault for robust TS handling (direct import, esbuild,
+ * typescript.transpile fallback).
+ *
+ * Error behavior:
+ * - On failure to load/compile/evaluate the module, throws a unified message:
+ *   "Unable to load dynamic TypeScript file: <absPath>. Install 'esbuild'..."
+ *
+ * @param target - Mutable target environment to assign into.
+ * @param absPath - Absolute path to the dynamic module file.
+ * @param env - Selected environment name (if any).
+ * @param cacheDirName - Cache subdirectory under `.tsbuild/` for compiled artifacts.
+ * @returns A `Promise\<void\>` which resolves after the module (if present) has been applied.
+ */
+async function loadAndApplyDynamic(target, absPath, env, cacheDirName) {
+    if (!(await fs.exists(absPath)))
+        return;
+    let dyn;
+    try {
+        dyn = await loadModuleDefault(absPath, cacheDirName);
+    }
+    catch {
+        // Preserve legacy/clear guidance used by tests and docs.
+        throw new Error(`Unable to load dynamic TypeScript file: ${absPath}. ` +
+            `Install 'esbuild' (devDependency) to enable TypeScript dynamic modules.`);
+    }
+    applyDynamicMap(target, dyn, env);
+}
+
+const applyKv = (current, kv) => {
+    if (!kv || Object.keys(kv).length === 0)
+        return current;
+    const expanded = dotenvExpandAll(kv, { ref: current, progressive: true });
+    return { ...current, ...expanded };
+};
+const applyConfigSlice = (current, cfg, env) => {
+    if (!cfg)
+        return current;
+    // kind axis: global then env (env overrides global)
+    const afterGlobal = applyKv(current, cfg.vars);
+    const envKv = env && cfg.envVars ? cfg.envVars[env] : undefined;
+    return applyKv(afterGlobal, envKv);
+};
+function overlayEnv(args) {
+    const { base, env, configs } = args;
+    let current = { ...base };
+    // Source: packaged (public -> local)
+    current = applyConfigSlice(current, configs.packaged, env);
+    // Packaged "local" is not expected by policy; if present, honor it.
+    // We do not have a separate object for packaged.local in sources, keep as-is.
+    // Source: project (public -> local)
+    current = applyConfigSlice(current, configs.project?.public, env);
+    current = applyConfigSlice(current, configs.project?.local, env);
+    // Programmatic explicit vars (top of static tier)
+    if ('programmaticVars' in args) {
+        const toApply = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(args.programmaticVars).filter(([_k, v]) => typeof v === 'string'));
+        current = applyKv(current, toApply);
+    }
+    return current;
+}
+
+/** src/diagnostics/entropy.ts
+ * Entropy diagnostics (presentation-only).
+ * - Gated by min length and printable ASCII.
+ * - Warn once per key per run when bits/char \>= threshold.
+ * - Supports whitelist patterns to suppress known-noise keys.
+ */
+const warned = new Set();
+const isPrintableAscii = (s) => /^[\x20-\x7E]+$/.test(s);
+const compile$1 = (patterns) => (patterns ?? []).map((p) => (typeof p === 'string' ? new RegExp(p, 'i') : p));
+const whitelisted = (key, regs) => regs.some((re) => re.test(key));
+const shannonBitsPerChar = (s) => {
+    const freq = new Map();
+    for (const ch of s)
+        freq.set(ch, (freq.get(ch) ?? 0) + 1);
+    const n = s.length;
+    let h = 0;
+    for (const c of freq.values()) {
+        const p = c / n;
+        h -= p * Math.log2(p);
+    }
+    return h;
+};
+/**
+ * Maybe emit a one-line entropy warning for a key.
+ * Caller supplies an `emit(line)` function; the helper ensures once-per-key.
+ */
+const maybeWarnEntropy = (key, value, origin, opts, emit) => {
+    if (!opts || opts.warnEntropy === false)
+        return;
+    if (warned.has(key))
+        return;
+    const v = value ?? '';
+    const minLen = Math.max(0, opts.entropyMinLength ?? 16);
+    const threshold = opts.entropyThreshold ?? 3.8;
+    if (v.length < minLen)
+        return;
+    if (!isPrintableAscii(v))
+        return;
+    const wl = compile$1(opts.entropyWhitelist);
+    if (whitelisted(key, wl))
+        return;
+    const bpc = shannonBitsPerChar(v);
+    if (bpc >= threshold) {
+        warned.add(key);
+        emit(`[entropy] key=${key} score=${bpc.toFixed(2)} len=${String(v.length)} origin=${origin}`);
+    }
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_PATTERNS = [
+    '\\bsecret\\b',
+    '\\btoken\\b',
+    '\\bpass(word)?\\b',
+    '\\bapi[_-]?key\\b',
+    '\\bkey\\b',
+];
+const compile = (patterns) => (patterns && patterns.length > 0 ? patterns : DEFAULT_PATTERNS).map((p) => typeof p === 'string' ? new RegExp(p, 'i') : p);
+const shouldRedactKey = (key, regs) => regs.some((re) => re.test(key));
+const MASK = '[redacted]';
+/**
+ * Produce a shallow redacted copy of an env-like object for display.
+ */
+const redactObject = (obj, opts) => {
+    if (!opts?.redact)
+        return { ...obj };
+    const regs = compile(opts.redactPatterns);
+    const out = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+        out[k] = v && shouldRedactKey(k, regs) ? MASK : v;
+    }
+    return out;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Base root CLI defaults (shared; kept untyped here to avoid cross-layer deps).
+ * Used as the bottom layer for CLI option resolution.
+ */
+/**
+ * Default values for root CLI options used by the host and helpers as the
+ * baseline layer during option resolution.
+ *
+ * These defaults correspond to the "stringly" root surface (see `RootOptionsShape`)
+ * and are merged by precedence with create-time overrides and any discovered
+ * configuration `rootOptionDefaults` before CLI flags are applied.
+ */
+const baseRootOptionDefaults = {
+    dotenvToken: '.env',
+    loadProcess: true,
+    logger: console,
+    // Diagnostics defaults
+    warnEntropy: true,
+    entropyThreshold: 3.8,
+    entropyMinLength: 16,
+    entropyWhitelist: ['^GIT_', '^npm_', '^CI$', 'SHLVL'],
+    paths: './',
+    pathsDelimiter: ' ',
+    privateToken: 'local',
+    scripts: {
+        'git-status': {
+            cmd: 'git branch --show-current && git status -s -u',
+            shell: true,
+        },
+    },
+    shell: true,
+    vars: '',
+    varsAssignor: '=',
+    varsDelimiter: ' ',
+    // tri-state flags default to unset unless explicitly provided
+    // (debug/log/exclude* resolved via flag utils)
+};
+
+/**
+ * Converts programmatic CLI options to `getDotenv` options.
+ *
+ * Accepts "stringly" CLI inputs for vars/paths and normalizes them into
+ * the programmatic shape. Preserves exactOptionalPropertyTypes semantics by
+ * omitting keys when undefined.
+ */
+const getDotenvCliOptions2Options = ({ paths, pathsDelimiter, pathsDelimiterPattern, vars, varsAssignor, varsAssignorPattern, varsDelimiter, varsDelimiterPattern, 
+// drop CLI-only keys from the pass-through bag
+debug: _debug, scripts: _scripts, ...rest }) => {
+    // Split helper for delimited strings or regex patterns
+    const splitBy = (value, delim, pattern) => {
+        if (!value)
+            return [];
+        if (pattern)
+            return value.split(RegExp(pattern));
+        if (typeof delim === 'string')
+            return value.split(delim);
+        return value.split(' ');
+    };
+    // Tolerate vars as either a CLI string ("A=1 B=2") or an object map.
+    let parsedVars;
+    if (typeof vars === 'string') {
+        const kvPairs = splitBy(vars, varsDelimiter, varsDelimiterPattern)
+            .map((v) => v.split(varsAssignorPattern
+            ? RegExp(varsAssignorPattern)
+            : (varsAssignor ?? '=')))
+            .filter(([k]) => typeof k === 'string' && k.length > 0);
+        parsedVars = Object.fromEntries(kvPairs);
+    }
+    else if (vars && typeof vars === 'object' && !Array.isArray(vars)) {
+        // Accept provided object map of string | undefined; drop undefined values
+        // in the normalization step below to produce a ProcessEnv-compatible bag.
+        parsedVars = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(vars));
+    }
+    // Drop undefined-valued entries at the converter stage to match ProcessEnv
+    // expectations and the compat test assertions.
+    if (parsedVars) {
+        parsedVars = omitUndefinedRecord(parsedVars);
+    }
+    // Tolerate paths as either a delimited string or string[]
+    const pathsOut = Array.isArray(paths)
+        ? paths.filter((p) => typeof p === 'string')
+        : splitBy(paths, pathsDelimiter, pathsDelimiterPattern);
+    // Preserve exactOptionalPropertyTypes: only include keys when defined.
+    return {
+        // Ensure the required logger property is present. The base CLI defaults
+        // specify console as the logger; callers can override upstream if desired.
+        logger: console,
+        ...rest,
+        ...(pathsOut.length > 0 ? { paths: pathsOut } : {}),
+        ...(parsedVars !== undefined ? { vars: parsedVars } : {}),
+    };
+};
+/**
+ * Resolve {@link GetDotenvOptions} by layering defaults in ascending precedence:
+ *
+ * 1. Base defaults derived from the CLI generator defaults
+ *    ({@link baseGetDotenvCliOptions}).
+ * 2. Local project overrides from a `getdotenv.config.json` in the nearest
+ *    package root (if present).
+ * 3. The provided customOptions.
+ *
+ * The result preserves explicit empty values and drops only `undefined`.
+ */
+const resolveGetDotenvOptions = (customOptions) => {
+    // Programmatic callers use neutral defaults only. Do not read local packaged
+    // getdotenv.config.json here; the host path applies packaged/project configs
+    // via the dedicated loader/overlay pipeline.
+    const mergedDefaults = baseRootOptionDefaults;
+    const defaultsFromCli = getDotenvCliOptions2Options(mergedDefaults);
+    const result = defaultsDeep(defaultsFromCli, customOptions);
+    return Promise.resolve({
+        ...result, // Keep explicit empty strings/zeros; drop only undefined
+        vars: omitUndefinedRecord(result.vars ?? {}),
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Asynchronously read a dotenv file & parse it into an object.
+ *
+ * @param path - Path to dotenv file.
+ * @returns The parsed dotenv object.
+ */
+const readDotenv = async (path) => {
+    try {
+        return (await fs.exists(path)) ? parse(await fs.readFile(path)) : {};
+    }
+    catch {
+        return {};
+    }
+};
+
+async function getDotenv(options = {}) {
+    // Apply defaults.
+    const { defaultEnv, dotenvToken = '.env', dynamicPath, env, excludeDynamic = false, excludeEnv = false, excludeGlobal = false, excludePrivate = false, excludePublic = false, loadProcess = false, log = false, logger = console, outputPath, paths = [], privateToken = 'local', vars = {}, } = await resolveGetDotenvOptions(options);
+    // Read .env files.
+    const loaded = paths.length
+        ? await paths.reduce(async (e, p) => {
+            const publicGlobal = excludePublic || excludeGlobal
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, dotenvToken));
+            const publicEnv = excludePublic || excludeEnv || (!env && !defaultEnv)
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, `${dotenvToken}.${env ?? defaultEnv ?? ''}`));
+            const privateGlobal = excludePrivate || excludeGlobal
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, `${dotenvToken}.${privateToken}`));
+            const privateEnv = excludePrivate || excludeEnv || (!env && !defaultEnv)
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, `${dotenvToken}.${env ?? defaultEnv ?? ''}.${privateToken}`));
+            const [eResolved, publicGlobalResolved, publicEnvResolved, privateGlobalResolved, privateEnvResolved,] = await Promise.all([
+                e,
+                publicGlobal,
+                publicEnv,
+                privateGlobal,
+                privateEnv,
+            ]);
+            return {
+                ...eResolved,
+                ...publicGlobalResolved,
+                ...publicEnvResolved,
+                ...privateGlobalResolved,
+                ...privateEnvResolved,
+            };
+        }, Promise.resolve({}))
+        : {};
+    const outputKey = nanoid();
+    const dotenv = dotenvExpandAll({
+        ...loaded,
+        ...vars,
+        ...(outputPath ? { [outputKey]: outputPath } : {}),
+    }, { progressive: true });
+    // Process dynamic variables. Programmatic option takes precedence over path.
+    if (!excludeDynamic) {
+        let dynamic = undefined;
+        if (options.dynamic && Object.keys(options.dynamic).length > 0) {
+            dynamic = options.dynamic;
+        }
+        else if (dynamicPath) {
+            const absDynamicPath = path.resolve(dynamicPath);
+            await loadAndApplyDynamic(dotenv, absDynamicPath, env ?? defaultEnv, 'getdotenv-dynamic');
+        }
+        if (dynamic) {
+            try {
+                applyDynamicMap(dotenv, dynamic, env ?? defaultEnv);
+            }
+            catch {
+                throw new Error(`Unable to evaluate dynamic variables.`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Write output file.
+    let resultDotenv = dotenv;
+    if (outputPath) {
+        const outputPathResolved = dotenv[outputKey];
+        if (!outputPathResolved)
+            throw new Error('Output path not found.');
+        const { [outputKey]: _omitted, ...dotenvForOutput } = dotenv;
+        await writeDotenvFile(outputPathResolved, dotenvForOutput);
+        resultDotenv = dotenvForOutput;
+    }
+    // Log result.
+    if (log) {
+        const redactFlag = options.redact ?? false;
+        const redactPatterns = options.redactPatterns ?? undefined;
+        const redOpts = {};
+        if (redactFlag)
+            redOpts.redact = true;
+        if (redactFlag && Array.isArray(redactPatterns))
+            redOpts.redactPatterns = redactPatterns;
+        const bag = redactFlag
+            ? redactObject(resultDotenv, redOpts)
+            : { ...resultDotenv };
+        logger.log(bag);
+        // Entropy warnings: once-per-key-per-run (presentation only)
+        const warnEntropyVal = options.warnEntropy ?? true;
+        const entropyThresholdVal = options
+            .entropyThreshold;
+        const entropyMinLengthVal = options
+            .entropyMinLength;
+        const entropyWhitelistVal = options.entropyWhitelist;
+        const entOpts = {};
+        if (typeof warnEntropyVal === 'boolean')
+            entOpts.warnEntropy = warnEntropyVal;
+        if (typeof entropyThresholdVal === 'number')
+            entOpts.entropyThreshold = entropyThresholdVal;
+        if (typeof entropyMinLengthVal === 'number')
+            entOpts.entropyMinLength = entropyMinLengthVal;
+        if (Array.isArray(entropyWhitelistVal))
+            entOpts.entropyWhitelist = entropyWhitelistVal;
+        for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(resultDotenv)) {
+            maybeWarnEntropy(k, v, v !== undefined ? 'dotenv' : 'unset', entOpts, (line) => {
+                logger.log(line);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    // Load process.env.
+    if (loadProcess)
+        Object.assign(process.env, resultDotenv);
+    return resultDotenv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the realized path for a command mount (leaf-up to root).
+ * Excludes the root application alias.
+ *
+ * @param cli - The mounted command instance.
+ */
+/**
+ * Flatten a plugin tree into a list of `{ plugin, path }` entries.
+ * Traverses the namespace chain in pre-order.
+ */
+function flattenPluginTreeByPath(plugins, prefix) {
+    const out = [];
+    for (const p of plugins) {
+        const here = prefix && prefix.length > 0 ? `${prefix}/${p.ns}` : p.ns;
+        out.push({ plugin: p, path: here });
+        if (Array.isArray(p.children) && p.children.length > 0) {
+            out.push(...flattenPluginTreeByPath(p.children.map((c) => c.plugin), here));
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
 
 /**
  * Instance-bound plugin config store.
@@ -85,77 +1076,1111 @@ z.object({
  * plugin instance.
  */
 const PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE = new WeakMap();
-const _getPluginConfigForInstance = (plugin) => PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE.get(plugin);
-
-/** src/cliHost/definePlugin.ts
- * Plugin contracts for the GetDotenv CLI host.
+/**
+ * Store a validated, interpolated config slice for a specific plugin instance.
+ * Generic on both the host options type and the plugin config type to avoid
+ * defaulting to GetDotenvOptions under exactOptionalPropertyTypes.
+ */
+const setPluginConfig = (plugin, cfg) => {
+    PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE.set(plugin, cfg);
+};
+/**
+ * Retrieve the validated/interpolated config slice for a plugin instance.
+ */
+const getPluginConfig = (plugin) => {
+    return PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE.get(plugin);
+};
+/**
+ * Compute the dotenv context for the host (uses the config loader/overlay path).
+ * - Resolves and validates options strictly (host-only).
+ * - Applies file cascade, overlays, dynamics, and optional effects.
+ * - Merges and validates per-plugin config slices (when provided), keyed by
+ *   realized mount path (ns chain).
  *
- * This module exposes a structural public interface for the host that plugins
- * should use (GetDotenvCliPublic). Using a structural type at the seam avoids
- * nominal class identity issues (private fields) in downstream consumers.
+ * @param customOptions - Partial options from the current invocation.
+ * @param plugins - Installed plugins (for config validation).
+ * @param hostMetaUrl - import.meta.url of the host module (for packaged root discovery).
  */
-/* eslint-disable tsdoc/syntax */
+const computeContext = async (customOptions, plugins, hostMetaUrl) => {
+    const optionsResolved = await resolveGetDotenvOptions(customOptions);
+    // Zod boundary: parse returns the schema-derived shape; we adopt our public
+    // GetDotenvOptions overlay (logger/dynamic typing) for internal processing.
+    const validated = getDotenvOptionsSchemaResolved.parse(optionsResolved);
+    // Build a pure base without side effects or logging (no dynamics, no programmatic vars).
+    const cleanedValidated = omitUndefined(validated);
+    const base = await getDotenv({
+        ...cleanedValidated,
+        excludeDynamic: true,
+        vars: {},
+        log: false,
+        loadProcess: false,
+    });
+    // Discover config sources and overlay with progressive expansion per slice.
+    const sources = await resolveGetDotenvConfigSources(hostMetaUrl);
+    const dotenvOverlaid = overlayEnv({
+        base,
+        env: validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv,
+        configs: sources,
+        ...(validated.vars ? { programmaticVars: validated.vars } : {}),
+    });
+    const dotenv = { ...dotenvOverlaid };
+    // Programmatic dynamic variables (when provided)
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, validated.dynamic, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    // Packaged/project dynamics
+    const packagedDyn = (sources.packaged?.dynamic ?? undefined);
+    const publicDyn = (sources.project?.public?.dynamic ?? undefined);
+    const localDyn = (sources.project?.local?.dynamic ?? undefined);
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, packagedDyn, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, publicDyn, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, localDyn, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    // file dynamicPath (lowest)
+    if (validated.dynamicPath) {
+        const absDynamicPath = path.resolve(validated.dynamicPath);
+        await loadAndApplyDynamic(dotenv, absDynamicPath, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv, 'getdotenv-dynamic-host');
+    }
+    // Effects:
+    if (validated.outputPath) {
+        await writeDotenvFile(validated.outputPath, dotenv);
+    }
+    const logger = validated.logger;
+    if (validated.log)
+        logger.log(dotenv);
+    if (validated.loadProcess)
+        Object.assign(process.env, dotenv);
+    // Merge and validate per-plugin config keyed by realized path (ns chain).
+    const packagedPlugins = (sources.packaged &&
+        sources.packaged.plugins) ??
+        {};
+    const publicPlugins = (sources.project?.public &&
+        sources.project.public.plugins) ??
+        {};
+    const localPlugins = (sources.project?.local &&
+        sources.project.local.plugins) ??
+        {};
+    const entries = flattenPluginTreeByPath(plugins);
+    const mergedPluginConfigsByPath = {};
+    const envRef = {
+        ...dotenv,
+        ...process.env,
+    };
+    for (const e of entries) {
+        const pathKey = e.path;
+        const mergedRaw = defaultsDeep({}, packagedPlugins[pathKey] ?? {}, publicPlugins[pathKey] ?? {}, localPlugins[pathKey] ?? {});
+        const interpolated = mergedRaw && typeof mergedRaw === 'object'
+            ? interpolateDeep(mergedRaw, envRef)
+            : {};
+        const schema = e.plugin.configSchema;
+        if (schema) {
+            const parsed = schema.safeParse(interpolated);
+            if (!parsed.success) {
+                const err = parsed.error;
+                const msgs = err.issues
+                    .map((i) => {
+                    const pth = Array.isArray(i.path) ? i.path.join('.') : '';
+                    const msg = typeof i.message === 'string' ? i.message : 'Invalid value';
+                    return pth ? `${pth}: ${msg}` : msg;
+                })
+                    .join('\n');
+                throw new Error(`Invalid config for plugin at '${pathKey}':\n${msgs}`);
+            }
+            const frozen = Object.freeze(parsed.data);
+            setPluginConfig(e.plugin, frozen);
+            mergedPluginConfigsByPath[pathKey] = frozen;
+        }
+        else {
+            const frozen = Object.freeze(interpolated);
+            setPluginConfig(e.plugin, frozen);
+            mergedPluginConfigsByPath[pathKey] = frozen;
+        }
+    }
+    return {
+        optionsResolved: validated,
+        dotenv,
+        plugins: {},
+        pluginConfigs: mergedPluginConfigsByPath,
+    };
+};
+
+// Implementation
 function definePlugin(spec) {
-    const { children = [], ...rest } = spec;
-    // Default to a strict empty-object schema so “no-config” plugins fail fast
-    // on unknown keys and provide a concrete {} at runtime.
+    const { ...rest } = spec;
     const effectiveSchema = spec.configSchema ?? z.object({}).strict();
-    // Build base plugin first, then extend with instance-bound helpers.
     const base = {
         ...rest,
-        // Always carry a schema (strict empty by default) to simplify host logic
-        // and improve inference/ergonomics for plugin authors.
         configSchema: effectiveSchema,
-        children: [...children],
-        use(child) {
-            this.children.push(child);
+        children: [],
+        use(child, override) {
+            // Enforce sibling uniqueness at composition time.
+            const desired = (override && typeof override.ns === 'string' && override.ns.length > 0
+                ? override.ns
+                : child.ns).trim();
+            const collision = this.children.some((c) => {
+                const ns = (c.override &&
+                    typeof c.override.ns === 'string' &&
+                    c.override.ns.length > 0
+                    ? c.override.ns
+                    : c.plugin.ns).trim();
+                return ns === desired;
+            });
+            if (collision) {
+                const under = this.ns && this.ns.length > 0 ? this.ns : 'root';
+                throw new Error(`Duplicate namespace '${desired}' under '${under}'. ` +
+                    `Override via .use(plugin, { ns: '...' }).`);
+            }
+            this.children.push({ plugin: child, override });
             return this;
         },
     };
-    // Attach instance-bound helpers on the returned plugin object.
     const extended = base;
     extended.readConfig = function (_cli) {
-        // Config is stored per-plugin-instance by the host (WeakMap in computeContext).
-        const value = _getPluginConfigForInstance(extended);
+        const value = getPluginConfig(extended);
         if (value === undefined) {
-            // Guard: host has not resolved config yet (incorrect lifecycle usage).
             throw new Error('Plugin config not available. Ensure resolveAndLoad() has been called before readConfig().');
         }
         return value;
     };
-    // Plugin-bound dynamic option factory
     extended.createPluginDynamicOption = function (cli, flags, desc, parser, defaultValue) {
-        return cli.createDynamicOption(flags, (cfg) => {
-            // Prefer the validated slice stored per instance; fallback to help-bag
-            // (by-id) so top-level `-h` can render effective defaults before resolve.
-            const fromStore = _getPluginConfigForInstance(extended);
-            const id = extended.id;
-            let fromBag;
-            if (!fromStore && id) {
-                const maybe = cfg.plugins[id];
+        // Derive realized path strictly from the provided mount (leaf-up).
+        const realizedPath = (() => {
+            const parts = [];
+            let node = cli;
+            while (node.parent) {
+                parts.push(node.name());
+                node = node.parent;
+            }
+            return parts.reverse().join('/');
+        })();
+        return cli.createDynamicOption(flags, (c) => {
+            const fromStore = getPluginConfig(extended);
+            let cfgVal = fromStore ?? {};
+            // Strict fallback only by realized path for help-time synthetic usage.
+            if (!fromStore && realizedPath.length > 0) {
+                const bag = c.plugins;
+                const maybe = bag[realizedPath];
                 if (maybe && typeof maybe === 'object') {
-                    fromBag = maybe;
+                    cfgVal = maybe;
                 }
             }
-            // Always provide a concrete object to dynamic callbacks:
-            // - With a schema: computeContext stores the parsed object.
-            // - Without a schema: computeContext stores {}.
-            // - Help-time fallback: coalesce to {} when only a by-id bag exists.
-            const cfgVal = (fromStore ?? fromBag ?? {});
-            return desc(cfg, cfgVal);
+            // c is strictly typed as ResolvedHelpConfig from cli.createDynamicOption
+            return desc(c, cfgVal);
         }, parser, defaultValue);
     };
     return extended;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Attach root flags to a {@link GetDotenvCli} instance.
+ *
+ * Program is typed as {@link GetDotenvCli} and supports {@link GetDotenvCli.createDynamicOption | createDynamicOption}.
+ */
+const attachRootOptions = (program, defaults) => {
+    const GROUP = 'base';
+    const { defaultEnv, dotenvToken, dynamicPath, env, outputPath, paths, pathsDelimiter, pathsDelimiterPattern, privateToken, varsAssignor, varsAssignorPattern, varsDelimiter, varsDelimiterPattern, } = defaults ?? {};
+    const va = typeof defaults?.varsAssignor === 'string' ? defaults.varsAssignor : '=';
+    const vd = typeof defaults?.varsDelimiter === 'string' ? defaults.varsDelimiter : ' ';
+    // Helper: append (default) tags for ON/OFF toggles
+    const onOff = (on, isDefault) => on
+        ? `ON${isDefault ? ' (default)' : ''}`
+        : `OFF${isDefault ? ' (default)' : ''}`;
+    program.enablePositionalOptions().passThroughOptions();
+    // -e, --env <string>
+    {
+        const opt = new Option('-e, --env <string>', 'target environment (dotenv-expanded)');
+        opt.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (env !== undefined)
+            opt.default(env);
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // -v, --vars <string>
+    {
+        const examples = [
+            ['KEY1', 'VAL1'],
+            ['KEY2', 'VAL2'],
+        ]
+            .map((v) => v.join(va))
+            .join(vd);
+        const opt = new Option('-v, --vars <string>', `extra variables expressed as delimited key-value pairs (dotenv-expanded): ${examples}`);
+        opt.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Output path (interpolated later; help can remain static)
+    {
+        const opt = new Option('-o, --output-path <string>', 'consolidated output file  (dotenv-expanded)');
+        opt.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (outputPath !== undefined)
+            opt.default(outputPath);
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Shell ON (string or boolean true => default shell)
+    {
+        const opt = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-s, --shell [string]', (cfg) => {
+            const s = cfg.shell;
+            let tag = '';
+            if (typeof s === 'boolean' && s)
+                tag = ' (default OS shell)';
+            else if (typeof s === 'string' && s.length > 0)
+                tag = ` (default ${s})`;
+            return `command execution shell, no argument for default OS shell or provide shell string${tag}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('shellOff');
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Shell OFF
+    {
+        const opt = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-S, --shell-off', (cfg) => {
+            const s = cfg.shell;
+            return `command execution shell OFF${s === false ? ' (default)' : ''}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('shell');
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Load process ON/OFF (dynamic defaults)
+    {
+        const optOn = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-p, --load-process', (cfg) => `load variables to process.env ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.loadProcess))}`)
+            .conflicts('loadProcessOff');
+        program.addOption(optOn);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optOn, GROUP);
+        const optOff = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-P, --load-process-off', (cfg) => `load variables to process.env ${onOff(false, !cfg.loadProcess)}`)
+            .conflicts('loadProcess');
+        program.addOption(optOff);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optOff, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Exclusion master toggle (dynamic)
+    {
+        const optAll = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-a, --exclude-all', (cfg) => {
+            const allOn = !!cfg.excludeDynamic &&
+                ((!!cfg.excludeEnv && !!cfg.excludeGlobal) ||
+                    (!!cfg.excludePrivate && !!cfg.excludePublic));
+            const suffix = allOn ? ' (default)' : '';
+            return `exclude all dotenv variables from loading ON${suffix}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('excludeAllOff');
+        program.addOption(optAll);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optAll, GROUP);
+        const optAllOff = new Option('-A, --exclude-all-off', 'exclude all dotenv variables from loading OFF (default)').conflicts('excludeAll');
+        program.addOption(optAllOff);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optAllOff, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Per-family exclusions (dynamic defaults)
+    {
+        const o1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-z, --exclude-dynamic', (cfg) => `exclude dynamic dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludeDynamic))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeDynamicOff');
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-Z, --exclude-dynamic-off', (cfg) => `exclude dynamic dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludeDynamic)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeDynamic');
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const o1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-n, --exclude-env', (cfg) => `exclude environment-specific dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludeEnv))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeEnvOff');
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-N, --exclude-env-off', (cfg) => `exclude environment-specific dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludeEnv)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeEnv');
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const o1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-g, --exclude-global', (cfg) => `exclude global dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludeGlobal))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeGlobalOff');
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-G, --exclude-global-off', (cfg) => `exclude global dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludeGlobal)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeGlobal');
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const p1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-r, --exclude-private', (cfg) => `exclude private dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludePrivate))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePrivateOff');
+        program.addOption(p1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(p1, GROUP);
+        const p2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-R, --exclude-private-off', (cfg) => `exclude private dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludePrivate)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePrivate');
+        program.addOption(p2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(p2, GROUP);
+        const pu1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-u, --exclude-public', (cfg) => `exclude public dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludePublic))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePublicOff');
+        program.addOption(pu1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(pu1, GROUP);
+        const pu2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-U, --exclude-public-off', (cfg) => `exclude public dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludePublic)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePublic');
+        program.addOption(pu2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(pu2, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Log ON/OFF (dynamic)
+    {
+        const lo = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-l, --log', (cfg) => `console log loaded variables ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.log))}`)
+            .conflicts('logOff');
+        program.addOption(lo);
+        program.setOptionGroup(lo, GROUP);
+        const lf = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-L, --log-off', (cfg) => `console log loaded variables ${onOff(false, !cfg.log)}`)
+            .conflicts('log');
+        program.addOption(lf);
+        program.setOptionGroup(lf, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Capture flag (no default display; static)
+    {
+        const opt = new Option('--capture', 'capture child process stdio for commands (tests/CI)');
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Core bootstrap/static flags (kept static in help)
+    {
+        const o1 = new Option('--default-env <string>', 'default target environment');
+        o1.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (defaultEnv !== undefined)
+            o1.default(defaultEnv);
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = new Option('--dotenv-token <string>', 'dotenv-expanded token indicating a dotenv file');
+        o2.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (dotenvToken !== undefined)
+            o2.default(dotenvToken);
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+        const o3 = new Option('--dynamic-path <string>', 'dynamic variables path (.js or .ts; .ts is auto-compiled when esbuild is available, otherwise precompile)');
+        o3.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (dynamicPath !== undefined)
+            o3.default(dynamicPath);
+        program.addOption(o3);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o3, GROUP);
+        const o4 = new Option('--paths <string>', 'dotenv-expanded delimited list of paths to dotenv directory');
+        o4.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (paths !== undefined)
+            o4.default(paths);
+        program.addOption(o4);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o4, GROUP);
+        const o5 = new Option('--paths-delimiter <string>', 'paths delimiter string');
+        if (pathsDelimiter !== undefined)
+            o5.default(pathsDelimiter);
+        program.addOption(o5);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o5, GROUP);
+        const o6 = new Option('--paths-delimiter-pattern <string>', 'paths delimiter regex pattern');
+        if (pathsDelimiterPattern !== undefined)
+            o6.default(pathsDelimiterPattern);
+        program.addOption(o6);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o6, GROUP);
+        const o7 = new Option('--private-token <string>', 'dotenv-expanded token indicating private variables');
+        o7.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (privateToken !== undefined)
+            o7.default(privateToken);
+        program.addOption(o7);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o7, GROUP);
+        const o8 = new Option('--vars-delimiter <string>', 'vars delimiter string');
+        if (varsDelimiter !== undefined)
+            o8.default(varsDelimiter);
+        program.addOption(o8);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o8, GROUP);
+        const o9 = new Option('--vars-delimiter-pattern <string>', 'vars delimiter regex pattern');
+        if (varsDelimiterPattern !== undefined)
+            o9.default(varsDelimiterPattern);
+        program.addOption(o9);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o9, GROUP);
+        const o10 = new Option('--vars-assignor <string>', 'vars assignment operator string');
+        if (varsAssignor !== undefined)
+            o10.default(varsAssignor);
+        program.addOption(o10);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o10, GROUP);
+        const o11 = new Option('--vars-assignor-pattern <string>', 'vars assignment operator regex pattern');
+        if (varsAssignorPattern !== undefined)
+            o11.default(varsAssignorPattern);
+        program.addOption(o11);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o11, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Diagnostics / validation / entropy
+    {
+        const tr = new Option('--trace [keys...]', 'emit diagnostics for child env composition (optional keys)');
+        program.addOption(tr);
+        program.setOptionGroup(tr, GROUP);
+        const st = new Option('--strict', 'fail on env validation errors (schema/requiredKeys)');
+        program.addOption(st);
+        program.setOptionGroup(st, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const w = program
+            .createDynamicOption('--entropy-warn', (cfg) => {
+            const warn = cfg.warnEntropy;
+            // Default is effectively ON when warnEntropy is true or undefined.
+            return `enable entropy warnings${warn === false ? '' : ' (default on)'}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('entropyWarnOff');
+        program.addOption(w);
+        program.setOptionGroup(w, GROUP);
+        const woff = program
+            .createDynamicOption('--entropy-warn-off', (cfg) => `disable entropy warnings${cfg.warnEntropy === false ? ' (default)' : ''}`)
+            .conflicts('entropyWarn');
+        program.addOption(woff);
+        program.setOptionGroup(woff, GROUP);
+        const th = new Option('--entropy-threshold <number>', 'entropy bits/char threshold (default 3.8)');
+        program.addOption(th);
+        program.setOptionGroup(th, GROUP);
+        const ml = new Option('--entropy-min-length <number>', 'min length to examine for entropy (default 16)');
+        program.addOption(ml);
+        program.setOptionGroup(ml, GROUP);
+        const wl = new Option('--entropy-whitelist <pattern...>', 'suppress entropy warnings when key matches any regex pattern');
+        program.addOption(wl);
+        program.setOptionGroup(wl, GROUP);
+        const rp = new Option('--redact-pattern <pattern...>', 'additional key-match regex patterns to trigger redaction');
+        program.addOption(rp);
+        program.setOptionGroup(rp, GROUP);
+        // Redact ON/OFF (dynamic)
+        {
+            const rOn = program
+                .createDynamicOption('--redact', (cfg) => `presentation-time redaction for secret-like keys ON${cfg.redact ? ' (default)' : ''}`)
+                .conflicts('redactOff');
+            program.addOption(rOn);
+            program.setOptionGroup(rOn, GROUP);
+            const rOff = program
+                .createDynamicOption('--redact-off', (cfg) => `presentation-time redaction for secret-like keys OFF${cfg.redact === false ? ' (default)' : ''}`)
+                .conflicts('redact');
+            program.addOption(rOff);
+            program.setOptionGroup(rOff, GROUP);
+        }
+    }
+    return program;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Registry for option grouping.
+ * Root help renders these groups between "Options" and "Commands".
+ */
+const GROUP_TAG = new WeakMap();
+/**
+ * Render help option groups (App/Plugins) for a given command.
+ * Groups are injected between Options and Commands in the help output.
+ */
+function renderOptionGroups(cmd) {
+    const all = cmd.options;
+    const byGroup = new Map();
+    for (const o of all) {
+        const opt = o;
+        const g = GROUP_TAG.get(opt);
+        if (!g || g === 'base')
+            continue; // base handled by default help
+        const rows = byGroup.get(g) ?? [];
+        rows.push({
+            flags: opt.flags,
+            description: opt.description ?? '',
+        });
+        byGroup.set(g, rows);
+    }
+    if (byGroup.size === 0)
+        return '';
+    const renderRows = (title, rows) => {
+        const width = Math.min(40, rows.reduce((m, r) => Math.max(m, r.flags.length), 0));
+        // Sort within group: short-aliased flags first
+        rows.sort((a, b) => {
+            const aS = /(^|\s|,)-[A-Za-z]/.test(a.flags) ? 1 : 0;
+            const bS = /(^|\s|,)-[A-Za-z]/.test(b.flags) ? 1 : 0;
+            return bS - aS || a.flags.localeCompare(b.flags);
+        });
+        const lines = rows
+            .map((r) => {
+            const pad = ' '.repeat(Math.max(2, width - r.flags.length + 2));
+            return `  ${r.flags}${pad}${r.description}`.trimEnd();
+        })
+            .join('\n');
+        return `\n${title}:\n${lines}\n`;
+    };
+    let out = '';
+    // App options (if any)
+    const app = byGroup.get('app');
+    if (app && app.length > 0) {
+        out += renderRows('App options', app);
+    }
+    // Plugin groups sorted by id; suppress self group on the owning command name.
+    const pluginKeys = Array.from(byGroup.keys()).filter((k) => k.startsWith('plugin:'));
+    const currentName = cmd.name();
+    pluginKeys.sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+    for (const k of pluginKeys) {
+        const id = k.slice('plugin:'.length) || '(unknown)';
+        const rows = byGroup.get(k) ?? [];
+        if (rows.length > 0 && id !== currentName) {
+            out += renderRows(`Plugin options — ${id}`, rows);
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compose root/parent help output by inserting grouped sections between
+ * Options and Commands, ensuring a trailing blank line.
+ *
+ * @param base - Base help text produced by Commander.
+ * @param cmd - Command instance whose grouped options should be rendered.
+ * @returns The modified help text with grouped blocks inserted.
+ */
+function buildHelpInformation(base, cmd) {
+    const groups = renderOptionGroups(cmd);
+    const block = typeof groups === 'string' ? groups.trim() : '';
+    if (!block) {
+        return base.endsWith('\n\n')
+            ? base
+            : base.endsWith('\n')
+                ? `${base}\n`
+                : `${base}\n\n`;
+    }
+    const marker = '\nCommands:';
+    const idx = base.indexOf(marker);
+    let out = base;
+    if (idx >= 0) {
+        const toInsert = groups.startsWith('\n') ? groups : `\n${groups}`;
+        out = `${base.slice(0, idx)}${toInsert}${base.slice(idx)}`;
+    }
+    else {
+        const sep = base.endsWith('\n') || groups.startsWith('\n') ? '' : '\n';
+        out = `${base}${sep}${groups}`;
+    }
+    return out.endsWith('\n\n')
+        ? out
+        : out.endsWith('\n')
+            ? `${out}\n`
+            : `${out}\n\n`;
+}
+
+/** src/cliHost/GetDotenvCli/dynamicOptions.ts
+ * Helpers for dynamic option descriptions and evaluation.
+ */
+/**
+ * Registry for dynamic descriptions keyed by Option (WeakMap for GC safety).
+ */
+const DYN_DESC = new WeakMap();
+/**
+ * Create an Option with a dynamic description callback stored in DYN_DESC.
+ */
+function makeDynamicOption(flags, desc, parser, defaultValue) {
+    const opt = new Option(flags, '');
+    DYN_DESC.set(opt, desc);
+    if (parser) {
+        opt.argParser((value, previous) => parser(value, previous));
+    }
+    if (defaultValue !== undefined)
+        opt.default(defaultValue);
+    // Commander.Option is structurally compatible; help-time wiring is stored in DYN_DESC.
+    return opt;
+}
+/**
+ * Evaluate dynamic descriptions across a command tree using the resolved config.
+ */
+function evaluateDynamicOptions(root, resolved) {
+    const visit = (cmd) => {
+        const arr = cmd.options;
+        for (const o of arr) {
+            const dyn = DYN_DESC.get(o);
+            if (typeof dyn === 'function') {
+                try {
+                    const txt = dyn(resolved);
+                    // Commander uses Option.description during help rendering.
+                    o.description = txt;
+                }
+                catch {
+                    /* best-effort; leave as-is */
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (const c of cmd.commands)
+            visit(c);
+    };
+    visit(root);
+}
+
+function initializeInstance(cli, headerGetter) {
+    // Configure grouped help: show only base options in default "Options";
+    // subcommands show all of their own options.
+    cli.configureHelp({
+        visibleOptions: (cmd) => {
+            const all = cmd.options;
+            const isRoot = cmd.parent === null;
+            const list = isRoot
+                ? all.filter((opt) => {
+                    const group = GROUP_TAG.get(opt);
+                    return group === 'base';
+                })
+                : all.slice();
+            // Sort: short-aliased options first, then long-only; stable by flags.
+            const hasShort = (opt) => {
+                const flags = opt.flags;
+                return /(^|\s|,)-[A-Za-z]/.test(flags);
+            };
+            const byFlags = (opt) => opt.flags;
+            list.sort((a, b) => {
+                const aS = hasShort(a) ? 1 : 0;
+                const bS = hasShort(b) ? 1 : 0;
+                return bS - aS || byFlags(a).localeCompare(byFlags(b));
+            });
+            return list;
+        },
+    });
+    // Optional branded header before help text (kept minimal and deterministic).
+    cli.addHelpText('beforeAll', () => {
+        const header = headerGetter();
+        return header && header.length > 0 ? `${header}\n\n` : '';
+    });
+    // Tests-only: suppress process.exit during help/version flows under Vitest.
+    // Unit tests often construct GetDotenvCli directly (bypassing createCli),
+    // so install a local exitOverride when a test environment is detected.
+    const underTests = process.env.GETDOTENV_TEST === '1' ||
+        typeof process.env.VITEST_WORKER_ID === 'string';
+    if (underTests) {
+        cli.exitOverride((err) => {
+            const code = err?.code;
+            if (code === 'commander.helpDisplayed' ||
+                code === 'commander.version' ||
+                code === 'commander.help')
+                return;
+            throw err;
+        });
+    }
+    // Ensure the root has a no-op action so preAction hooks installed by
+    // passOptions() fire for root-only invocations (no subcommand).
+    // Subcommands still take precedence and will not hit this action.
+    // This keeps root-side effects (e.g., --log) working in direct hosts/tests.
+    cli.action(() => {
+        /* no-op */
+    });
+    // PreSubcommand hook: compute a context if absent, without mutating process.env.
+    // The passOptions() helper, when installed, resolves the final context.
+    cli.hook('preSubcommand', async () => {
+        if (cli.hasCtx())
+            return;
+        await cli.resolveAndLoad({ loadProcess: false });
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine the effective namespace for a child plugin (override \> default).
+ */
+const effectiveNs = (child) => {
+    const o = child.override;
+    return (o && typeof o.ns === 'string' && o.ns.length > 0 ? o.ns : child.plugin.ns).trim();
+};
+const isPromise = (v) => !!v && typeof v.then === 'function';
+function runInstall(parentCli, plugin) {
+    // Create mount and run setup
+    const mount = parentCli.ns(plugin.ns);
+    const setupRet = plugin.setup(mount);
+    const pending = [];
+    if (isPromise(setupRet))
+        pending.push(setupRet.then(() => undefined));
+    // Enforce sibling uniqueness before creating children
+    const names = new Set();
+    for (const entry of plugin.children) {
+        const ns = effectiveNs(entry);
+        if (names.has(ns)) {
+            const under = mount.name();
+            throw new Error(`Duplicate namespace '${ns}' under '${under || 'root'}'. Override via .use(plugin, { ns: '...' }).`);
+        }
+        names.add(ns);
+    }
+    // Install children (pre-order), synchronously when possible
+    for (const entry of plugin.children) {
+        const childRet = runInstall(mount, entry.plugin);
+        if (isPromise(childRet))
+            pending.push(childRet);
+    }
+    if (pending.length > 0)
+        return Promise.all(pending).then(() => undefined);
+    return;
+}
+/**
+ * Install a plugin and its children (pre-order setup phase).
+ * Enforces sibling namespace uniqueness.
+ */
+function setupPluginTree(cli, plugin) {
+    const ret = runInstall(cli, plugin);
+    return isPromise(ret) ? ret : Promise.resolve();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve options strictly and compute the dotenv context via the loader/overlay path.
+ *
+ * @param customOptions - Partial options overlay.
+ * @param plugins - Plugins list for config validation.
+ * @param hostMetaUrl - Import URL for resolving the packaged root.
+ */
+async function resolveAndComputeContext(customOptions, plugins, hostMetaUrl) {
+    const optionsResolved = await resolveGetDotenvOptions(customOptions);
+    // Strict schema validation
+    getDotenvOptionsSchemaResolved.parse(optionsResolved);
+    const ctx = await computeContext(optionsResolved, plugins, hostMetaUrl);
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run afterResolve hooks for a plugin tree (parent → children).
+ */
+async function runAfterResolveTree(cli, plugins, ctx) {
+    const run = async (p) => {
+        if (p.afterResolve)
+            await p.afterResolve(cli, ctx);
+        for (const child of p.children)
+            await run(child.plugin);
+    };
+    for (const p of plugins)
+        await run(p);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Temporarily tag options added during a callback as 'app' for grouped help.
+ * Wraps `addOption` on the command instance.
+ */
+function tagAppOptionsAround(root, setOptionGroup, fn) {
+    const originalAddOption = root.addOption.bind(root);
+    root.addOption = ((opt) => {
+        setOptionGroup(opt, 'app');
+        return originalAddOption(opt);
+    });
+    try {
+        return fn(root);
+    }
+    finally {
+        root.addOption = originalAddOption;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read the version from the nearest `package.json` relative to the provided import URL.
+ *
+ * @param importMetaUrl - The `import.meta.url` of the calling module.
+ * @returns The version string or undefined if not found.
+ */
+async function readPkgVersion(importMetaUrl) {
+    if (!importMetaUrl)
+        return undefined;
+    try {
+        const fromUrl = fileURLToPath(importMetaUrl);
+        const pkgDir = await packageDirectory({ cwd: fromUrl });
+        if (!pkgDir)
+            return undefined;
+        const txt = await fs.readFile(`${pkgDir}/package.json`, 'utf-8');
+        const pkg = JSON.parse(txt);
+        return pkg.version ?? undefined;
+    }
+    catch {
+        // best-effort only
+        return undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+/** src/cliHost/GetDotenvCli.ts
+ * Plugin-first CLI host for get-dotenv with Commander generics preserved.
+ * Public surface implements GetDotenvCliPublic and provides:
+ *  - attachRootOptions (builder-only; no public override wiring)
+ *  - resolveAndLoad (strict resolve + context compute)
+ *  - getCtx/hasCtx accessors
+ *  - ns() for typed subcommand creation with duplicate-name guard
+ *  - grouped help rendering with dynamic option descriptions
+ */
+const HOST_META_URL = import.meta.url;
+const CTX_SYMBOL = Symbol('GetDotenvCli.ctx');
+const OPTS_SYMBOL = Symbol('GetDotenvCli.options');
+const HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL = Symbol('GetDotenvCli.helpHeader');
+/**
+ * Plugin-first CLI host for get-dotenv. Extends Commander.Command.
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - Resolve options strictly and compute dotenv context (resolveAndLoad).
+ * - Expose a stable accessor for the current context (getCtx).
+ * - Provide a namespacing helper (ns).
+ * - Support composable plugins with parent → children install and afterResolve.
+ */
+class GetDotenvCli extends Command {
+    /** Registered top-level plugins (composition happens via .use()) */
+    _plugins = [];
+    /** One-time installation guard */
+    _installed = false;
+    /** In-flight installation promise to guard against concurrent installs */
+    _installing;
+    /** Optional header line to prepend in help output */
+    [HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL];
+    /** Context/options stored under symbols (typed) */
+    [CTX_SYMBOL];
+    [OPTS_SYMBOL];
+    /**
+     * Create a subcommand using the same subclass, preserving helpers like
+     * dynamicOption on children.
+     */
+    createCommand(name) {
+        // Explicitly construct a GetDotenvCli for children to preserve helpers.
+        return new GetDotenvCli(name);
+    }
+    constructor(alias = 'getdotenv') {
+        super(alias);
+        this.enablePositionalOptions();
+        // Delegate the heavy setup to a helper to keep the constructor lean.
+        initializeInstance(this, () => this[HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL]);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Attach legacy/base root flags to this CLI instance.
+     * Delegates to the pure builder in attachRootOptions.ts.
+     */
+    attachRootOptions(defaults) {
+        const d = (defaults ?? baseRootOptionDefaults);
+        attachRootOptions(this, d);
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Resolve options (strict) and compute dotenv context.
+     * Stores the context on the instance under a symbol.
+     *
+     * Options:
+     * - opts.runAfterResolve (default true): when false, skips running plugin
+     *   afterResolve hooks. Useful for top-level help rendering to avoid
+     *   long-running side-effects while still evaluating dynamic help text.
+     */
+    async resolveAndLoad(customOptions = {}, opts) {
+        const ctx = await resolveAndComputeContext(customOptions, 
+        // Pass only plugin instances to the resolver (not entries with overrides)
+        this._plugins.map((e) => e.plugin), HOST_META_URL);
+        // Persist context on the instance for later access.
+        this[CTX_SYMBOL] = ctx;
+        // Ensure plugins are installed exactly once, then run afterResolve.
+        await this.install();
+        if (opts?.runAfterResolve ?? true) {
+            await this._runAfterResolve(ctx);
+        }
+        return ctx;
+    }
+    // Implementation
+    createDynamicOption(flags, desc, parser, defaultValue) {
+        return makeDynamicOption(flags, (c) => desc(c), parser, defaultValue);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Evaluate dynamic descriptions for this command and all descendants using
+     * the provided resolved configuration. Mutates the Option.description in
+     * place so Commander help renders updated text.
+     */
+    evaluateDynamicOptions(resolved) {
+        evaluateDynamicOptions(this, resolved);
+    }
+    /** Internal: climb to the true root (host) command. */
+    _root() {
+        let node = this;
+        while (node.parent) {
+            node = node.parent;
+        }
+        return node;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the current invocation context (if any).
+     */
+    getCtx() {
+        let ctx = this[CTX_SYMBOL];
+        if (!ctx) {
+            const root = this._root();
+            ctx = root[CTX_SYMBOL];
+        }
+        if (!ctx) {
+            throw new Error('Dotenv context unavailable. Ensure resolveAndLoad() has been called or the host is wired with passOptions() before invoking commands.');
+        }
+        return ctx;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Check whether a context has been resolved (non-throwing guard).
+     */
+    hasCtx() {
+        if (this[CTX_SYMBOL] !== undefined)
+            return true;
+        const root = this._root();
+        return root[CTX_SYMBOL] !== undefined;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the merged root CLI options bag (if set by passOptions()).
+     * Downstream-safe: no generics required.
+     */
+    getOptions() {
+        if (this[OPTS_SYMBOL])
+            return this[OPTS_SYMBOL];
+        const root = this._root();
+        const bag = root[OPTS_SYMBOL];
+        if (bag)
+            return bag;
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    /** Internal: set the merged root options bag for this run. */
+    _setOptionsBag(bag) {
+        this[OPTS_SYMBOL] = bag;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Convenience helper to create a namespaced subcommand with argument inference.
+     * This mirrors Commander generics so downstream chaining stays fully typed.
+     */
+    ns(name) {
+        // Guard against same-level duplicate command names for clearer diagnostics.
+        const exists = this.commands.some((c) => c.name() === name);
+        if (exists) {
+            throw new Error(`Duplicate command name: ${name}`);
+        }
+        return this.command(name);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Tag options added during the provided callback as 'app' for grouped help.
+     * Allows downstream apps to demarcate their root-level options.
+     */
+    tagAppOptions(fn) {
+        return tagAppOptionsAround(this, this.setOptionGroup.bind(this), fn);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Branding helper: set CLI name/description/version and optional help header.
+     * If version is omitted and importMetaUrl is provided, attempts to read the
+     * nearest package.json version (best-effort; non-fatal on failure).
+     */
+    async brand(args) {
+        const { name, description, version, importMetaUrl, helpHeader } = args;
+        if (typeof name === 'string' && name.length > 0)
+            this.name(name);
+        if (typeof description === 'string')
+            this.description(description);
+        const v = version ?? (await readPkgVersion(importMetaUrl));
+        if (v)
+            this.version(v);
+        // Help header:
+        // - If caller provides helpHeader, use it.
+        // - Otherwise, when a version is known, default to "<name> v<version>".
+        if (typeof helpHeader === 'string') {
+            this[HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL] = helpHeader;
+        }
+        else if (v) {
+            const header = `${this.name()} v${v}`;
+            this[HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL] = header;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Insert grouped plugin/app options between "Options" and "Commands" for
+     * hybrid ordering. Applies to root and any parent command.
+     */
+    helpInformation() {
+        return buildHelpInformation(super.helpInformation(), this);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Public: tag an Option with a display group for help (root/app/plugin:<id>).
+     */
+    setOptionGroup(opt, group) {
+        GROUP_TAG.set(opt, group);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Register a plugin for installation (parent level).
+     * Installation occurs on first resolveAndLoad() (or explicit install()).
+     */
+    use(plugin, override) {
+        this._plugins.push({ plugin, override });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Install all registered plugins in parent → children (pre-order).
+     * Runs only once per CLI instance.
+     */
+    async install() {
+        if (this._installed)
+            return;
+        if (this._installing) {
+            await this._installing;
+            return;
+        }
+        this._installing = (async () => {
+            // Install parent → children with host-created mounts (async-aware).
+            for (const entry of this._plugins) {
+                const p = entry.plugin;
+                await setupPluginTree(this, p);
+            }
+            this._installed = true;
+        })();
+        try {
+            await this._installing;
+        }
+        finally {
+            // leave _installing as resolved; subsequent calls return early via _installed
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Run afterResolve hooks for all plugins (parent → children).
+     */
+    async _runAfterResolve(ctx) {
+        await runAfterResolveTree(this, this._plugins.map((e) => e.plugin), ctx);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the merged root options bag from the current command context.
+ * Climbs to the root `GetDotenvCli` instance to access the persisted options.
+ *
+ * @param cmd - The current command instance (thisCommand).
+ * @throws Error if the root is not a GetDotenvCli or options are missing.
+ */
+const readMergedOptions = (cmd) => {
+    // Climb to the true root
+    let root = cmd;
+    while (root.parent)
+        root = root.parent;
+    // Assert we ended at our host
+    if (!(root instanceof GetDotenvCli)) {
+        throw new Error('readMergedOptions: root command is not a GetDotenvCli.' +
+            'Ensure your CLI is constructed with GetDotenvCli.');
+    }
+    // Require passOptions() to have persisted the bag
+    const bag = root.getOptions();
+    if (!bag || typeof bag !== 'object') {
+        throw new Error('readMergedOptions: merged options are unavailable. ' +
+            'Call .passOptions() on the host before parsing.');
+    }
+    return bag;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Ensure a directory exists (parents included).
+ *
+ * @param p - Directory path to create.
+ * @returns A `Promise\<string\>` resolving to the provided `p` value.
+ */
 const ensureDir = async (p) => {
     await fs.ensureDir(p);
     return p;
 };
+/**
+ * Write UTF-8 text content to a file, ensuring the parent directory exists.
+ *
+ * @param dest - Destination file path.
+ * @param data - File contents to write.
+ * @returns A `Promise\<void\>` which resolves when the file is written.
+ */
 const writeFile = async (dest, data) => {
     await ensureDir(path.dirname(dest));
     await fs.writeFile(dest, data, 'utf-8');
 };
+/**
+ * Copy a text file with optional string substitution.
+ *
+ * @param src - Source file path.
+ * @param dest - Destination file path.
+ * @param substitutions - Map of token literals to replacement strings.
+ * @returns A `Promise\<void\>` which resolves when the file has been copied.
+ */
 const copyTextFile = async (src, dest, substitutions) => {
     const contents = await fs.readFile(src, 'utf-8');
     const out = substitutions && Object.keys(substitutions).length > 0
@@ -166,6 +2191,10 @@ const copyTextFile = async (src, dest, substitutions) => {
 /**
  * Ensure a set of lines exist (exact match) in a file. Creates the file
  * when missing. Returns whether it was created or changed.
+ *
+ * @param filePath - Target file path to create/update.
+ * @param lines - Lines which must be present (exact string match).
+ * @returns A `Promise\<object\>` describing whether the file was created and/or changed.
  */
 const ensureLines = async (filePath, lines) => {
     const exists = await fs.pathExists(filePath);
@@ -193,9 +2222,24 @@ const ensureLines = async (filePath, lines) => {
     return { created: false, changed: false };
 };
 
-// Templates root used by the scaffolder
+/**
+ * Absolute path to the shipped templates directory.
+ *
+ * Used by the init scaffolder to locate files under `templates/` at runtime.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * This path is resolved relative to the current working directory. It assumes
+ * the `templates/` folder is present alongside the installed package (or in the
+ * repository when running from source).
+ */
 const TEMPLATES_ROOT = path.resolve('templates');
 
+/**
+ * Plan the copy operations for configuration files.
+ *
+ * @param options - Planning options for config scaffolding.
+ * @returns An array of copy operations to perform.
+ */
 const planConfigCopies = ({ format, withLocal, destRoot, }) => {
     const copies = [];
     if (format === 'json') {
@@ -236,17 +2280,23 @@ const planConfigCopies = ({ format, withLocal, destRoot, }) => {
     }
     return copies;
 };
+/**
+ * Plan the copy operations for the CLI skeleton.
+ *
+ * @param options - Planning options for CLI scaffolding.
+ * @returns An array of copy operations to perform.
+ */
 const planCliCopies = ({ cliName, destRoot, }) => {
     const subs = { __CLI_NAME__: cliName };
     const base = path.join(destRoot, 'src', 'cli', cliName);
     return [
         {
-            src: path.join(TEMPLATES_ROOT, 'cli', 'ts', 'index.ts'),
+            src: path.join(TEMPLATES_ROOT, 'cli', 'index.ts'),
             dest: path.join(base, 'index.ts'),
             subs,
         },
         {
-            src: path.join(TEMPLATES_ROOT, 'cli', 'ts', 'plugins', 'hello.ts'),
+            src: path.join(TEMPLATES_ROOT, 'cli', 'plugins', 'hello.ts'),
             dest: path.join(base, 'plugins', 'hello.ts'),
             subs,
         },
@@ -256,6 +2306,8 @@ const planCliCopies = ({ cliName, destRoot, }) => {
 /**
  * Determine whether the current environment should be treated as non-interactive.
  * CI heuristics include: CI, GITHUB_ACTIONS, BUILDKITE, TEAMCITY_VERSION, TF_BUILD.
+ *
+ * @returns `true` when running in a CI-like environment or when stdin/stdout are not TTYs.
  */
 const isNonInteractive = () => {
     const ciLike = process.env.CI ||
@@ -265,6 +2317,15 @@ const isNonInteractive = () => {
         process.env.TF_BUILD;
     return Boolean(ciLike) || !(stdin.isTTY && stdout.isTTY);
 };
+/**
+ * Prompt the user for a file collision decision.
+ * Returns a single-character code representing overwrite/example/skip (or 'all' variants).
+ *
+ * @param filePath - Path of the colliding file (for display).
+ * @param logger - Logger used for user-facing messages.
+ * @param rl - Readline interface used to capture user input.
+ * @returns A single-character decision code.
+ */
 const promptDecision = async (filePath, logger, rl) => {
     logger.log(`File exists: ${filePath}\nChoose: [o]verwrite, [e]xample, [s]kip, [O]verwrite All, [E]xample All, [S]kip All`);
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition
@@ -278,15 +2339,18 @@ const promptDecision = async (filePath, logger, rl) => {
 };
 
 /**
- * Requirements: Init scaffolding plugin with collision flow and CI detection.
- * Note: Large file scheduled for decomposition; tracked in stan.todo.md.
+ * @packageDocumentation
+ * Init plugin subpath. Scaffolds get‑dotenv configuration files and a simple
+ * host‑based CLI skeleton with collision handling and CI‑safe defaults.
+ */
+/**
+ * Init plugin: scaffolds configuration files and a CLI skeleton for get-dotenv.
+ * Supports collision detection, interactive prompts, and CI bypass.
  */
-const initPlugin = (opts = {}) => definePlugin({
-    id: 'init',
+const initPlugin = () => definePlugin({
+    ns: 'init',
     setup(cli) {
-        const logger = opts.logger ?? console;
-        const cmd = cli
-            .ns('init')
+        cli
             .description('Scaffold getdotenv config files and a host-based CLI skeleton.')
             .argument('[dest]', 'destination path (default: ./)', '.')
             .option('--config-format <format>', 'config format: json|yaml|js|ts', 'json')
@@ -295,30 +2359,30 @@ const initPlugin = (opts = {}) => definePlugin({
             .option('--cli-name <string>', 'CLI name for skeleton and tokens')
             .option('--force', 'overwrite all existing files')
             .option('--yes', 'skip all collisions (no overwrite)')
-            .action(async (destArg) => {
-            // Read options directly from the captured command instance.
-            // Cast to a plain record to satisfy exact-optional and lint safety.
-            const o = cmd.opts() ?? {};
+            .action(async (destArg, opts, thisCommand) => {
+            // Inherit logger from merged root options (base).
+            const bag = readMergedOptions(thisCommand);
+            const logger = bag.logger;
             const destRel = typeof destArg === 'string' && destArg.length > 0 ? destArg : '.';
             const cwd = process.cwd();
             const destRoot = path.resolve(cwd, destRel);
-            const formatInput = o.configFormat;
+            const formatInput = opts.configFormat;
             const formatRaw = typeof formatInput === 'string'
                 ? formatInput.toLowerCase()
                 : 'json';
             const format = (['json', 'yaml', 'js', 'ts'].includes(formatRaw)
                 ? formatRaw
                 : 'json');
-            const withLocal = !!o.withLocal;
+            const withLocal = !!opts.withLocal;
             // dynamic flag reserved for future template variants; present for UX compatibility
-            void o.dynamic;
+            void opts.dynamic;
             // CLI name default: --cli-name | basename(dest) | 'mycli'
-            const cliName = (typeof o.cliName === 'string' && o.cliName.length > 0
-                ? o.cliName
+            const cliName = (typeof opts.cliName === 'string' && opts.cliName.length > 0
+                ? opts.cliName
                 : path.basename(destRoot) || 'mycli') || 'mycli';
             // Precedence: --force > --yes > auto-detect(non-interactive => yes)
-            const force = !!o.force;
-            const yes = !!o.yes || (!force && isNonInteractive());
+            const force = !!opts.force;
+            const yes = !!opts.yes || (!force && isNonInteractive());
             // Build copy plan
             const cfgCopies = planConfigCopies({ format, withLocal, destRoot });
             const cliCopies = planCliCopies({ cliName, destRoot });
@@ -398,6 +2462,7 @@ const initPlugin = (opts = {}) => definePlugin({
                 rl.close();
             }
         });
+        return undefined;
     },
 });