@karmaniverous/get-dotenv 6.0.0-1 → 6.0.0

package/dist/plugins-batch.mjs

@@ -1,52 +1,15 @@
-import { Command } from 'commander';
+import { Option, Command } from '@commander-js/extra-typings';
 import { z } from 'zod';
-import 'fs-extra';
-import path from 'path';
+import path, { join, extname } from 'path';
+import fs from 'fs-extra';
 import { packageDirectory } from 'package-directory';
-import 'url';
-import 'yaml';
-import 'nanoid';
-import 'dotenv';
-import 'crypto';
-import { globby } from 'globby';
+import url, { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+import YAML from 'yaml';
+import { createHash } from 'crypto';
+import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
+import { parse } from 'dotenv';
 import { execa, execaCommand } from 'execa';
-
-/**
- * Zod schemas for configuration files discovered by the new loader.
- *
- * Notes:
- * - RAW: all fields optional; shapes are stringly-friendly (paths may be string[] or string).
- * - RESOLVED: normalized shapes (paths always string[]).
- * - For JSON/YAML configs, the loader rejects "dynamic" and "schema" (JS/TS-only).
- */
-// String-only env value map
-const stringMap = z.record(z.string(), z.string());
-const envStringMap = z.record(z.string(), stringMap);
-// Allow string[] or single string for "paths" in RAW; normalize later.
-const rawPathsSchema = z.union([z.array(z.string()), z.string()]).optional();
-const getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw = z.object({
-    dotenvToken: z.string().optional(),
-    privateToken: z.string().optional(),
-    paths: rawPathsSchema,
-    loadProcess: z.boolean().optional(),
-    log: z.boolean().optional(),
-    shell: z.union([z.string(), z.boolean()]).optional(),
-    scripts: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(), // Scripts validation left wide; generator validates elsewhere
-    requiredKeys: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
-    schema: z.unknown().optional(), // JS/TS-only; loader rejects in JSON/YAML
-    vars: stringMap.optional(), // public, global
-    envVars: envStringMap.optional(), // public, per-env
-    // Dynamic in config (JS/TS only). JSON/YAML loader will reject if set.
-    dynamic: z.unknown().optional(),
-    // Per-plugin config bag; validated by plugins/host when used.
-    plugins: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
-});
-// Normalize paths to string[]
-const normalizePaths = (p) => p === undefined ? undefined : Array.isArray(p) ? p : [p];
-getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.transform((raw) => ({
-    ...raw,
-    paths: normalizePaths(raw.paths),
-}));
+import { globby } from 'globby';
 
 /**
  * Zod schemas for programmatic GetDotenv options.
@@ -54,10 +17,13 @@ getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.transform((raw) => ({
  * Canonical source of truth for options shape. Public types are derived
  * from these schemas (see consumers via z.output\<\>).
  */
-// Minimal process env representation: string values or undefined to indicate "unset".
+/**
+ * Minimal process env representation used by options and helpers.
+ * Values may be `undefined` to indicate "unset".
+ */
 const processEnvSchema = z.record(z.string(), z.string().optional());
 // RAW: all fields optional — undefined means "inherit" from lower layers.
-z.object({
+const getDotenvOptionsSchemaRaw = z.object({
     defaultEnv: z.string().optional(),
     dotenvToken: z.string().optional(),
     dynamicPath: z.string().optional(),
@@ -71,89 +37,463 @@ z.object({
     excludePublic: z.boolean().optional(),
     loadProcess: z.boolean().optional(),
     log: z.boolean().optional(),
-    logger: z.unknown().optional(),
+    logger: z.unknown().default(console),
     outputPath: z.string().optional(),
     paths: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
     privateToken: z.string().optional(),
     vars: processEnvSchema.optional(),
 });
+/**
+ * Resolved programmatic options schema (post-inheritance).
+ * For now, this mirrors the RAW schema; future stages may materialize defaults
+ * and narrow shapes as resolution is wired into the host.
+ */
+const getDotenvOptionsSchemaResolved = getDotenvOptionsSchemaRaw;
 
 /**
- * Instance-bound plugin config store.
- * Host stores the validated/interpolated slice per plugin instance.
- * The store is intentionally private to this module; definePlugin()
- * provides a typed accessor that reads from this store for the calling
- * plugin instance.
+ * Zod schemas for CLI-facing GetDotenv options (raw/resolved stubs).
+ *
+ * RAW allows stringly inputs (paths/vars + splitters). RESOLVED will later
+ * reflect normalized types (paths: string[], vars: ProcessEnv), applied in the
+ * CLI resolution pipeline.
  */
-const PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE = new WeakMap();
-const _getPluginConfigForInstance = (plugin) => PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE.get(plugin);
+const getDotenvCliOptionsSchemaRaw = getDotenvOptionsSchemaRaw.extend({
+    // CLI-specific fields (stringly inputs before preprocessing)
+    debug: z.boolean().optional(),
+    strict: z.boolean().optional(),
+    capture: z.boolean().optional(),
+    trace: z.union([z.boolean(), z.array(z.string())]).optional(),
+    redact: z.boolean().optional(),
+    warnEntropy: z.boolean().optional(),
+    entropyThreshold: z.number().optional(),
+    entropyMinLength: z.number().optional(),
+    entropyWhitelist: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+    redactPatterns: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+    paths: z.string().optional(),
+    pathsDelimiter: z.string().optional(),
+    pathsDelimiterPattern: z.string().optional(),
+    scripts: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
+    shell: z.union([z.boolean(), z.string()]).optional(),
+    vars: z.string().optional(),
+    varsAssignor: z.string().optional(),
+    varsAssignorPattern: z.string().optional(),
+    varsDelimiter: z.string().optional(),
+    varsDelimiterPattern: z.string().optional(),
+});
 
-/** src/cliHost/definePlugin.ts
- * Plugin contracts for the GetDotenv CLI host.
+const visibilityMap = z.record(z.string(), z.boolean());
+/**
+ * Zod schemas for configuration files discovered by the new loader.
  *
- * This module exposes a structural public interface for the host that plugins
- * should use (GetDotenvCliPublic). Using a structural type at the seam avoids
- * nominal class identity issues (private fields) in downstream consumers.
+ * Notes:
+ * - RAW: all fields optional; only allowed top-level keys are:
+ *   - rootOptionDefaults, rootOptionVisibility
+ *   - scripts, vars, envVars
+ *   - dynamic (JS/TS only), schema (JS/TS only)
+ *   - plugins, requiredKeys
+ * - RESOLVED: mirrors RAW (no path normalization).
+ * - For JSON/YAML configs, the loader rejects "dynamic" and "schema" (JS/TS only).
  */
-/* eslint-disable tsdoc/syntax */
-function definePlugin(spec) {
-    const { children = [], ...rest } = spec;
-    // Default to a strict empty-object schema so “no-config” plugins fail fast
-    // on unknown keys and provide a concrete {} at runtime.
-    const effectiveSchema = spec.configSchema ?? z.object({}).strict();
-    // Build base plugin first, then extend with instance-bound helpers.
-    const base = {
-        ...rest,
-        // Always carry a schema (strict empty by default) to simplify host logic
-        // and improve inference/ergonomics for plugin authors.
-        configSchema: effectiveSchema,
-        children: [...children],
-        use(child) {
-            this.children.push(child);
-            return this;
-        },
-    };
-    // Attach instance-bound helpers on the returned plugin object.
-    const extended = base;
-    extended.readConfig = function (_cli) {
-        // Config is stored per-plugin-instance by the host (WeakMap in computeContext).
-        const value = _getPluginConfigForInstance(extended);
-        if (value === undefined) {
-            // Guard: host has not resolved config yet (incorrect lifecycle usage).
-            throw new Error('Plugin config not available. Ensure resolveAndLoad() has been called before readConfig().');
+// String-only env value map
+const stringMap = z.record(z.string(), z.string());
+const envStringMap = z.record(z.string(), stringMap);
+/**
+ * Raw configuration schema for get‑dotenv config files (JSON/YAML/JS/TS).
+ * Validates allowed top‑level keys without performing path normalization.
+ */
+const getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw = z.object({
+    rootOptionDefaults: getDotenvCliOptionsSchemaRaw.optional(),
+    rootOptionVisibility: visibilityMap.optional(),
+    scripts: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(), // Scripts validation left wide; generator validates elsewhere
+    requiredKeys: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+    schema: z.unknown().optional(), // JS/TS-only; loader rejects in JSON/YAML
+    vars: stringMap.optional(), // public, global
+    envVars: envStringMap.optional(), // public, per-env
+    // Dynamic in config (JS/TS only). JSON/YAML loader will reject if set.
+    dynamic: z.unknown().optional(),
+    // Per-plugin config bag; validated by plugins/host when used.
+    plugins: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).optional(),
+});
+/**
+ * Resolved configuration schema which preserves the raw shape while narrowing
+ * the output to {@link GetDotenvConfigResolved}. Consumers get a strongly typed
+ * object, while the underlying validation remains Zod‑driven.
+ */
+const getDotenvConfigSchemaResolved = getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.transform((raw) => raw);
+
+/** @internal */
+const isPlainObject$1 = (value) => value !== null &&
+    typeof value === 'object' &&
+    Object.getPrototypeOf(value) === Object.prototype;
+const mergeInto = (target, source) => {
+    for (const [key, sVal] of Object.entries(source)) {
+        if (sVal === undefined)
+            continue; // do not overwrite with undefined
+        const tVal = target[key];
+        if (isPlainObject$1(tVal) && isPlainObject$1(sVal)) {
+            target[key] = mergeInto({ ...tVal }, sVal);
+        }
+        else if (isPlainObject$1(sVal)) {
+            target[key] = mergeInto({}, sVal);
+        }
+        else {
+            target[key] = sVal;
         }
+    }
+    return target;
+};
+function defaultsDeep(...layers) {
+    const result = layers
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .reduce((acc, layer) => mergeInto(acc, layer), {});
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a dotenv record to a file with minimal quoting (multiline values are quoted).
+ * Future-proofs for ordering/sorting changes (currently insertion order).
+ */
+async function writeDotenvFile(filename, data) {
+    // Serialize: key=value with quotes only for multiline values.
+    const body = Object.keys(data).reduce((acc, key) => {
+        const v = data[key] ?? '';
+        const val = v.includes('\n') ? `"${v}"` : v;
+        return `${acc}${key}=${val}\n`;
+    }, '');
+    await fs.writeFile(filename, body, { encoding: 'utf-8' });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dotenv expansion utilities.
+ *
+ * This module implements recursive expansion of environment-variable
+ * references in strings and records. It supports both whitespace and
+ * bracket syntaxes with optional defaults:
+ *
+ * - Whitespace: `$VAR[:default]`
+ * - Bracketed: `${VAR[:default]}`
+ *
+ * Escaped dollar signs (`\$`) are preserved.
+ * Unknown variables resolve to empty string unless a default is provided.
+ */
+/**
+ * Like String.prototype.search but returns the last index.
+ * @internal
+ */
+const searchLast = (str, rgx) => {
+    const matches = Array.from(str.matchAll(rgx));
+    return matches.length > 0 ? (matches.slice(-1)[0]?.index ?? -1) : -1;
+};
+const replaceMatch = (value, match, ref) => {
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    const group = match[0];
+    const key = match[1];
+    const defaultValue = match[2];
+    if (!key)
         return value;
-    };
-    // Plugin-bound dynamic option factory
-    extended.createPluginDynamicOption = function (cli, flags, desc, parser, defaultValue) {
-        return cli.createDynamicOption(flags, (cfg) => {
-            // Prefer the validated slice stored per instance; fallback to help-bag
-            // (by-id) so top-level `-h` can render effective defaults before resolve.
-            const fromStore = _getPluginConfigForInstance(extended);
-            const id = extended.id;
-            let fromBag;
-            if (!fromStore && id) {
-                const maybe = cfg.plugins[id];
-                if (maybe && typeof maybe === 'object') {
-                    fromBag = maybe;
-                }
+    const replacement = value.replace(group, ref[key] ?? defaultValue ?? '');
+    return interpolate(replacement, ref);
+};
+const interpolate = (value = '', ref = {}) => {
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    // if value is falsy, return it as is
+    if (!value)
+        return value;
+    // get position of last unescaped dollar sign
+    const lastUnescapedDollarSignIndex = searchLast(value, /(?!(?<=\\))\$/g);
+    // return value if none found
+    if (lastUnescapedDollarSignIndex === -1)
+        return value;
+    // evaluate the value tail
+    const tail = value.slice(lastUnescapedDollarSignIndex);
+    // find whitespace pattern: $KEY:DEFAULT
+    const whitespacePattern = /^\$([\w]+)(?::([^\s]*))?/;
+    const whitespaceMatch = whitespacePattern.exec(tail);
+    if (whitespaceMatch != null)
+        return replaceMatch(value, whitespaceMatch, ref);
+    else {
+        // find bracket pattern: ${KEY:DEFAULT}
+        const bracketPattern = /^\${([\w]+)(?::([^}]*))?}/;
+        const bracketMatch = bracketPattern.exec(tail);
+        if (bracketMatch != null)
+            return replaceMatch(value, bracketMatch, ref);
+    }
+    return value;
+};
+/**
+ * Recursively expands environment variables in a string. Variables may be
+ * presented with optional default as `$VAR[:default]` or `${VAR[:default]}`.
+ * Unknown variables will expand to an empty string.
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to expand.
+ * @param ref - The reference object to use for variable expansion.
+ * @returns The expanded string.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * process.env.FOO = 'bar';
+ * dotenvExpand('Hello $FOO'); // "Hello bar"
+ * dotenvExpand('Hello $BAZ:world'); // "Hello world"
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * The expansion is recursive. If a referenced variable itself contains
+ * references, those will also be expanded until a stable value is reached.
+ * Escaped references (e.g. `\$FOO`) are preserved as literals.
+ */
+const dotenvExpand = (value, ref = process.env) => {
+    const result = interpolate(value, ref);
+    return result ? result.replace(/\\\$/g, '$') : undefined;
+};
+/**
+ * Recursively expands environment variables in the values of a JSON object.
+ * Variables may be presented with optional default as `$VAR[:default]` or
+ * `${VAR[:default]}`. Unknown variables will expand to an empty string.
+ *
+ * @param values - The values object to expand.
+ * @param options - Expansion options.
+ * @returns The value object with expanded string values.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * process.env.FOO = 'bar';
+ * dotenvExpandAll({ A: '$FOO', B: 'x${FOO}y' });
+ * // => { A: "bar", B: "xbary" }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * Options:
+ * - ref: The reference object to use for expansion (defaults to process.env).
+ * - progressive: Whether to progressively add expanded values to the set of
+ *   reference keys.
+ *
+ * When `progressive` is true, each expanded key becomes available for
+ * subsequent expansions in the same object (left-to-right by object key order).
+ */
+function dotenvExpandAll(values, options = {}) {
+    const { ref = process.env, progressive = false, } = options;
+    const out = Object.keys(values).reduce((acc, key) => {
+        acc[key] = dotenvExpand(values[key], {
+            ...ref,
+            ...(progressive ? acc : {}),
+        });
+        return acc;
+    }, {});
+    // Key-preserving return with a permissive index signature to allow later additions.
+    return out;
+}
+/**
+ * Recursively expands environment variables in a string using `process.env` as
+ * the expansion reference. Variables may be presented with optional default as
+ * `$VAR[:default]` or `${VAR[:default]}`. Unknown variables will expand to an
+ * empty string.
+ *
+ * @param value - The string to expand.
+ * @returns The expanded string.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * process.env.FOO = 'bar';
+ * dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv('Hello $FOO'); // "Hello bar"
+ * ```
+ */
+const dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv = (value) => dotenvExpand(value, process.env);
+
+/** @internal */
+const isPlainObject = (v) => v !== null &&
+    typeof v === 'object' &&
+    !Array.isArray(v) &&
+    Object.getPrototypeOf(v) === Object.prototype;
+/**
+ * Deeply interpolate string leaves against envRef.
+ * Arrays are not recursed into; they are returned unchanged.
+ *
+ * @typeParam T - Shape of the input value.
+ * @param value - Input value (object/array/primitive).
+ * @param envRef - Reference environment for interpolation.
+ * @returns A new value with string leaves interpolated.
+ */
+const interpolateDeep = (value, envRef) => {
+    // Strings: expand and return
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+        const out = dotenvExpand(value, envRef);
+        // dotenvExpand returns string | undefined; preserve original on undefined
+        return (out ?? value);
+    }
+    // Arrays: return as-is (no recursion)
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    // Plain objects: shallow clone and recurse into values
+    if (isPlainObject(value)) {
+        const src = value;
+        const out = {};
+        for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(src)) {
+            // Recurse for strings/objects; keep arrays as-is; preserve other scalars
+            if (typeof v === 'string')
+                out[k] = dotenvExpand(v, envRef) ?? v;
+            else if (Array.isArray(v))
+                out[k] = v;
+            else if (isPlainObject(v))
+                out[k] = interpolateDeep(v, envRef);
+            else
+                out[k] = v;
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+    // Other primitives/types: return as-is
+    return value;
+};
+
+const importDefault = async (fileUrl) => {
+    const mod = (await import(fileUrl));
+    return mod.default;
+};
+const cacheHash = (absPath, mtimeMs) => createHash('sha1')
+    .update(absPath)
+    .update(String(mtimeMs))
+    .digest('hex')
+    .slice(0, 12);
+/**
+ * Remove older compiled cache files for a given source base name, keeping
+ * at most `keep` most-recent files. Errors are ignored by design.
+ */
+const cleanupOldCacheFiles = async (cacheDir, baseName, keep = Math.max(1, Number.parseInt(process.env.GETDOTENV_CACHE_KEEP ?? '2'))) => {
+    try {
+        const entries = await fs.readdir(cacheDir);
+        const mine = entries
+            .filter((f) => f.startsWith(`${baseName}.`) && f.endsWith('.mjs'))
+            .map((f) => path.join(cacheDir, f));
+        if (mine.length <= keep)
+            return;
+        const stats = await Promise.all(mine.map(async (p) => ({ p, mtimeMs: (await fs.stat(p)).mtimeMs })));
+        stats.sort((a, b) => b.mtimeMs - a.mtimeMs);
+        const toDelete = stats.slice(keep).map((s) => s.p);
+        await Promise.all(toDelete.map(async (p) => {
+            try {
+                await fs.remove(p);
             }
-            // Always provide a concrete object to dynamic callbacks:
-            // - With a schema: computeContext stores the parsed object.
-            // - Without a schema: computeContext stores {}.
-            // - Help-time fallback: coalesce to {} when only a by-id bag exists.
-            const cfgVal = (fromStore ?? fromBag ?? {});
-            return desc(cfg, cfgVal);
-        }, parser, defaultValue);
-    };
-    return extended;
+            catch {
+                // best-effort cleanup
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+    catch {
+        // best-effort cleanup
+    }
+};
+/**
+ * Load a module default export from a JS/TS file with robust fallbacks:
+ * - .js/.mjs/.cjs: direct import * - .ts/.mts/.cts/.tsx:
+ *   1) try direct import (if a TS loader is active),
+ *   2) esbuild bundle to a temp ESM file,
+ *   3) typescript.transpileModule fallback for simple modules.
+ *
+ * @param absPath - absolute path to source file
+ * @param cacheDirName - cache subfolder under .tsbuild
+ */
+const loadModuleDefault = async (absPath, cacheDirName) => {
+    const ext = path.extname(absPath).toLowerCase();
+    const fileUrl = url.pathToFileURL(absPath).toString();
+    if (!['.ts', '.mts', '.cts', '.tsx'].includes(ext)) {
+        return importDefault(fileUrl);
+    }
+    // Try direct import first (TS loader active)
+    try {
+        const dyn = await importDefault(fileUrl);
+        if (dyn)
+            return dyn;
+    }
+    catch {
+        /* fall through */
+    }
+    const stat = await fs.stat(absPath);
+    const hash = cacheHash(absPath, stat.mtimeMs);
+    const cacheDir = path.resolve('.tsbuild', cacheDirName);
+    await fs.ensureDir(cacheDir);
+    const cacheFile = path.join(cacheDir, `${path.basename(absPath)}.${hash}.mjs`);
+    // Try esbuild
+    try {
+        const esbuild = (await import('esbuild'));
+        await esbuild.build({
+            entryPoints: [absPath],
+            bundle: true,
+            platform: 'node',
+            format: 'esm',
+            target: 'node20',
+            outfile: cacheFile,
+            sourcemap: false,
+            logLevel: 'silent',
+        });
+        const result = await importDefault(url.pathToFileURL(cacheFile).toString());
+        // Best-effort: trim older cache files for this source.
+        await cleanupOldCacheFiles(cacheDir, path.basename(absPath));
+        return result;
+    }
+    catch {
+        /* fall through to TS transpile */
+    }
+    // TypeScript transpile fallback
+    try {
+        const ts = (await import('typescript'));
+        const code = await fs.readFile(absPath, 'utf-8');
+        const out = ts.transpileModule(code, {
+            compilerOptions: {
+                module: 'ESNext',
+                target: 'ES2022',
+                moduleResolution: 'NodeNext',
+            },
+        }).outputText;
+        await fs.writeFile(cacheFile, out, 'utf-8');
+        const result = await importDefault(url.pathToFileURL(cacheFile).toString());
+        // Best-effort: trim older cache files for this source.
+        await cleanupOldCacheFiles(cacheDir, path.basename(absPath));
+        return result;
+    }
+    catch {
+        // Caller decides final error wording; rethrow for upstream mapping.
+        throw new Error(`Unable to load JS/TS module: ${absPath}. Install 'esbuild' or ensure a TS loader.`);
+    }
+};
+
+/** src/util/omitUndefined.ts
+ * Helpers to drop undefined-valued properties in a typed-friendly way.
+ */
+/**
+ * Omit keys whose runtime value is undefined from a shallow object.
+ * Returns a Partial with non-undefined value types preserved.
+ */
+function omitUndefined(obj) {
+    const out = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+        if (v !== undefined)
+            out[k] = v;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+/**
+ * Specialized helper for env-like maps: drop undefined and return string-only.
+ */
+function omitUndefinedRecord(obj) {
+    const out = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+        if (v !== undefined)
+            out[k] = v;
+    }
+    return out;
 }
 
-// Minimal tokenizer for shell-off execution:
-// Splits by whitespace while preserving quoted segments (single or double quotes).
-// Optionally preserve doubled quotes inside quoted segments:
-// - default: "" => " (Windows/PowerShell style literal-quote escape)
-// - preserveDoubledQuotes: true => "" stays "" (needed for Node -e payloads)
+/**
+ * Minimal tokenizer for shell-off execution.
+ * Splits by whitespace while preserving quoted segments (single or double quotes).
+ *
+ * @param command - The command string to tokenize.
+ * @param opts - Tokenization options (e.g. quote handling).
+ */
 const tokenize = (command, opts) => {
     const out = [];
     let cur = '';
@@ -182,141 +522,1871 @@ const tokenize = (command, opts) => {
                 cur += c;
             }
         }
-        else {
-            if (c === '"' || c === "'") {
-                quote = c;
-            }
-            else if (/\s/.test(c)) {
-                if (cur) {
-                    out.push(cur);
-                    cur = '';
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                cur += c;
+        else {
+            if (c === '"' || c === "'") {
+                quote = c;
+            }
+            else if (/\s/.test(c)) {
+                if (cur) {
+                    out.push(cur);
+                    cur = '';
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                cur += c;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (cur)
+        out.push(cur);
+    return out;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @packageDocumentation
+ * Configuration discovery and loading for get‑dotenv. Discovers config files
+ * in the packaged root and project root, loads JSON/YAML/JS/TS documents, and
+ * validates them against Zod schemas.
+ */
+// Discovery candidates (first match wins per scope/privacy).
+// Order preserves historical JSON/YAML precedence; JS/TS added afterwards.
+const PUBLIC_FILENAMES = [
+    'getdotenv.config.json',
+    'getdotenv.config.yaml',
+    'getdotenv.config.yml',
+    'getdotenv.config.js',
+    'getdotenv.config.mjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.cjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.ts',
+    'getdotenv.config.mts',
+    'getdotenv.config.cts',
+];
+const LOCAL_FILENAMES = [
+    'getdotenv.config.local.json',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.yaml',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.yml',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.js',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.mjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.cjs',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.ts',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.mts',
+    'getdotenv.config.local.cts',
+];
+const isYaml = (p) => ['.yaml', '.yml'].includes(extname(p).toLowerCase());
+const isJson = (p) => extname(p).toLowerCase() === '.json';
+const isJsOrTs = (p) => ['.js', '.mjs', '.cjs', '.ts', '.mts', '.cts'].includes(extname(p).toLowerCase());
+/**
+ * Discover JSON/YAML config files in the packaged root and project root.
+ * Order: packaged public → project public → project local. */
+const discoverConfigFiles = async (importMetaUrl) => {
+    const files = [];
+    // Packaged root via importMetaUrl (optional)
+    if (importMetaUrl) {
+        const fromUrl = fileURLToPath(importMetaUrl);
+        const packagedRoot = await packageDirectory({ cwd: fromUrl });
+        if (packagedRoot) {
+            for (const name of PUBLIC_FILENAMES) {
+                const p = join(packagedRoot, name);
+                if (await fs.pathExists(p)) {
+                    files.push({ path: p, privacy: 'public', scope: 'packaged' });
+                    break; // only one public file expected per scope
+                }
+            }
+            // By policy, packaged .local is not expected; skip even if present.
+        }
+    }
+    // Project root (from current working directory)
+    const projectRoot = await packageDirectory();
+    if (projectRoot) {
+        for (const name of PUBLIC_FILENAMES) {
+            const p = join(projectRoot, name);
+            if (await fs.pathExists(p)) {
+                files.push({ path: p, privacy: 'public', scope: 'project' });
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        for (const name of LOCAL_FILENAMES) {
+            const p = join(projectRoot, name);
+            if (await fs.pathExists(p)) {
+                files.push({ path: p, privacy: 'local', scope: 'project' });
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return files;
+};
+/**
+ * Load a single config file (JSON/YAML). JS/TS is not supported in this step.
+ * Validates with Zod RAW schema, then normalizes to RESOLVED.
+ *
+ * For JSON/YAML: if a "dynamic" property is present, throws with guidance.
+ * For JS/TS: default export is loaded; "dynamic" is allowed.
+ */
+const loadConfigFile = async (filePath) => {
+    let raw = {};
+    try {
+        const abs = path.resolve(filePath);
+        if (isJsOrTs(abs)) {
+            // JS/TS support: load default export via shared robust pipeline.
+            const mod = await loadModuleDefault(abs, 'getdotenv-config');
+            raw = mod ?? {};
+        }
+        else {
+            const txt = await fs.readFile(abs, 'utf-8');
+            raw = isJson(abs) ? JSON.parse(txt) : isYaml(abs) ? YAML.parse(txt) : {};
+        }
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+        throw new Error(`Failed to read/parse config: ${filePath}. ${String(err)}`);
+    }
+    // Validate RAW
+    const parsed = getDotenvConfigSchemaRaw.safeParse(raw);
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+        const msgs = parsed.error.issues
+            .map((i) => `${i.path.join('.')}: ${i.message}`)
+            .join('\n');
+        throw new Error(`Invalid config ${filePath}:\n${msgs}`);
+    }
+    // Disallow dynamic and schema in JSON/YAML; allow both in JS/TS.
+    if (!isJsOrTs(filePath) &&
+        (parsed.data.dynamic !== undefined || parsed.data.schema !== undefined)) {
+        throw new Error(`Config ${filePath} specifies unsupported keys for JSON/YAML. ` +
+            `Use JS/TS config for "dynamic" or "schema".`);
+    }
+    return getDotenvConfigSchemaResolved.parse(parsed.data);
+};
+/**
+ * Discover and load configs into resolved shapes, ordered by scope/privacy.
+ * JSON/YAML/JS/TS supported; first match per scope/privacy applies.
+ */
+const resolveGetDotenvConfigSources = async (importMetaUrl) => {
+    const discovered = await discoverConfigFiles(importMetaUrl);
+    const result = {};
+    for (const f of discovered) {
+        const cfg = await loadConfigFile(f.path);
+        if (f.scope === 'packaged') {
+            // packaged public only
+            result.packaged = cfg;
+        }
+        else {
+            result.project ??= {};
+            if (f.privacy === 'public')
+                result.project.public = cfg;
+            else
+                result.project.local = cfg;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+/** src/env/dynamic.ts
+ * Helpers for applying and loading dynamic variables (JS/TS).
+ *
+ * Requirements addressed:
+ * - Single service to apply a dynamic map progressively.
+ * - Single service to load a JS/TS dynamic module with robust fallbacks (util/loadModuleDefault).
+ * - Unify error messaging so callers show consistent guidance.
+ */
+/**
+ * Apply a dynamic map to the target progressively.
+ * - Functions receive (target, env) and may return string | undefined.
+ * - Literals are assigned directly (including undefined).
+ */
+function applyDynamicMap(target, map, env) {
+    if (!map)
+        return;
+    for (const key of Object.keys(map)) {
+        const val = typeof map[key] === 'function'
+            ? map[key](target, env)
+            : map[key];
+        Object.assign(target, { [key]: val });
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Load a default-export dynamic map from a JS/TS file and apply it.
+ * Uses util/loadModuleDefault for robust TS handling (direct import, esbuild,
+ * typescript.transpile fallback).
+ *
+ * Error behavior:
+ * - On failure to load/compile/evaluate the module, throws a unified message:
+ *   "Unable to load dynamic TypeScript file: <absPath>. Install 'esbuild'..."
+ */
+async function loadAndApplyDynamic(target, absPath, env, cacheDirName) {
+    if (!(await fs.exists(absPath)))
+        return;
+    let dyn;
+    try {
+        dyn = await loadModuleDefault(absPath, cacheDirName);
+    }
+    catch {
+        // Preserve legacy/clear guidance used by tests and docs.
+        throw new Error(`Unable to load dynamic TypeScript file: ${absPath}. ` +
+            `Install 'esbuild' (devDependency) to enable TypeScript dynamic modules.`);
+    }
+    applyDynamicMap(target, dyn, env);
+}
+
+const applyKv = (current, kv) => {
+    if (!kv || Object.keys(kv).length === 0)
+        return current;
+    const expanded = dotenvExpandAll(kv, { ref: current, progressive: true });
+    return { ...current, ...expanded };
+};
+const applyConfigSlice = (current, cfg, env) => {
+    if (!cfg)
+        return current;
+    // kind axis: global then env (env overrides global)
+    const afterGlobal = applyKv(current, cfg.vars);
+    const envKv = env && cfg.envVars ? cfg.envVars[env] : undefined;
+    return applyKv(afterGlobal, envKv);
+};
+function overlayEnv(args) {
+    const { base, env, configs } = args;
+    let current = { ...base };
+    // Source: packaged (public -> local)
+    current = applyConfigSlice(current, configs.packaged, env);
+    // Packaged "local" is not expected by policy; if present, honor it.
+    // We do not have a separate object for packaged.local in sources, keep as-is.
+    // Source: project (public -> local)
+    current = applyConfigSlice(current, configs.project?.public, env);
+    current = applyConfigSlice(current, configs.project?.local, env);
+    // Programmatic explicit vars (top of static tier)
+    if ('programmaticVars' in args) {
+        const toApply = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(args.programmaticVars).filter(([_k, v]) => typeof v === 'string'));
+        current = applyKv(current, toApply);
+    }
+    return current;
+}
+
+/** src/diagnostics/entropy.ts
+ * Entropy diagnostics (presentation-only).
+ * - Gated by min length and printable ASCII.
+ * - Warn once per key per run when bits/char \>= threshold.
+ * - Supports whitelist patterns to suppress known-noise keys.
+ */
+const warned = new Set();
+const isPrintableAscii = (s) => /^[\x20-\x7E]+$/.test(s);
+const compile$1 = (patterns) => (patterns ?? []).map((p) => (typeof p === 'string' ? new RegExp(p, 'i') : p));
+const whitelisted = (key, regs) => regs.some((re) => re.test(key));
+const shannonBitsPerChar = (s) => {
+    const freq = new Map();
+    for (const ch of s)
+        freq.set(ch, (freq.get(ch) ?? 0) + 1);
+    const n = s.length;
+    let h = 0;
+    for (const c of freq.values()) {
+        const p = c / n;
+        h -= p * Math.log2(p);
+    }
+    return h;
+};
+/**
+ * Maybe emit a one-line entropy warning for a key.
+ * Caller supplies an `emit(line)` function; the helper ensures once-per-key.
+ */
+const maybeWarnEntropy = (key, value, origin, opts, emit) => {
+    if (!opts || opts.warnEntropy === false)
+        return;
+    if (warned.has(key))
+        return;
+    const v = value ?? '';
+    const minLen = Math.max(0, opts.entropyMinLength ?? 16);
+    const threshold = opts.entropyThreshold ?? 3.8;
+    if (v.length < minLen)
+        return;
+    if (!isPrintableAscii(v))
+        return;
+    const wl = compile$1(opts.entropyWhitelist);
+    if (whitelisted(key, wl))
+        return;
+    const bpc = shannonBitsPerChar(v);
+    if (bpc >= threshold) {
+        warned.add(key);
+        emit(`[entropy] key=${key} score=${bpc.toFixed(2)} len=${String(v.length)} origin=${origin}`);
+    }
+};
+
+const DEFAULT_PATTERNS = [
+    '\\bsecret\\b',
+    '\\btoken\\b',
+    '\\bpass(word)?\\b',
+    '\\bapi[_-]?key\\b',
+    '\\bkey\\b',
+];
+const compile = (patterns) => (patterns && patterns.length > 0 ? patterns : DEFAULT_PATTERNS).map((p) => typeof p === 'string' ? new RegExp(p, 'i') : p);
+const shouldRedactKey = (key, regs) => regs.some((re) => re.test(key));
+const MASK = '[redacted]';
+/**
+ * Produce a shallow redacted copy of an env-like object for display.
+ */
+const redactObject = (obj, opts) => {
+    if (!opts?.redact)
+        return { ...obj };
+    const regs = compile(opts.redactPatterns);
+    const out = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj)) {
+        out[k] = v && shouldRedactKey(k, regs) ? MASK : v;
+    }
+    return out;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Base root CLI defaults (shared; kept untyped here to avoid cross-layer deps).
+ * Used as the bottom layer for CLI option resolution.
+ */
+/**
+ * Default values for root CLI options used by the host and helpers as the
+ * baseline layer during option resolution.
+ *
+ * These defaults correspond to the "stringly" root surface (see `RootOptionsShape`)
+ * and are merged by precedence with create-time overrides and any discovered
+ * configuration `rootOptionDefaults` before CLI flags are applied.
+ */
+const baseRootOptionDefaults = {
+    dotenvToken: '.env',
+    loadProcess: true,
+    logger: console,
+    // Diagnostics defaults
+    warnEntropy: true,
+    entropyThreshold: 3.8,
+    entropyMinLength: 16,
+    entropyWhitelist: ['^GIT_', '^npm_', '^CI$', 'SHLVL'],
+    paths: './',
+    pathsDelimiter: ' ',
+    privateToken: 'local',
+    scripts: {
+        'git-status': {
+            cmd: 'git branch --show-current && git status -s -u',
+            shell: true,
+        },
+    },
+    shell: true,
+    vars: '',
+    varsAssignor: '=',
+    varsDelimiter: ' ',
+    // tri-state flags default to unset unless explicitly provided
+    // (debug/log/exclude* resolved via flag utils)
+};
+
+/**
+ * Converts programmatic CLI options to `getDotenv` options.
+ *
+ * Accepts "stringly" CLI inputs for vars/paths and normalizes them into
+ * the programmatic shape. Preserves exactOptionalPropertyTypes semantics by
+ * omitting keys when undefined.
+ */
+const getDotenvCliOptions2Options = ({ paths, pathsDelimiter, pathsDelimiterPattern, vars, varsAssignor, varsAssignorPattern, varsDelimiter, varsDelimiterPattern, 
+// drop CLI-only keys from the pass-through bag
+debug: _debug, scripts: _scripts, ...rest }) => {
+    // Split helper for delimited strings or regex patterns
+    const splitBy = (value, delim, pattern) => {
+        if (!value)
+            return [];
+        if (pattern)
+            return value.split(RegExp(pattern));
+        if (typeof delim === 'string')
+            return value.split(delim);
+        return value.split(' ');
+    };
+    // Tolerate vars as either a CLI string ("A=1 B=2") or an object map.
+    let parsedVars;
+    if (typeof vars === 'string') {
+        const kvPairs = splitBy(vars, varsDelimiter, varsDelimiterPattern)
+            .map((v) => v.split(varsAssignorPattern
+            ? RegExp(varsAssignorPattern)
+            : (varsAssignor ?? '=')))
+            .filter(([k]) => typeof k === 'string' && k.length > 0);
+        parsedVars = Object.fromEntries(kvPairs);
+    }
+    else if (vars && typeof vars === 'object' && !Array.isArray(vars)) {
+        // Accept provided object map of string | undefined; drop undefined values
+        // in the normalization step below to produce a ProcessEnv-compatible bag.
+        parsedVars = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(vars));
+    }
+    // Drop undefined-valued entries at the converter stage to match ProcessEnv
+    // expectations and the compat test assertions.
+    if (parsedVars) {
+        parsedVars = omitUndefinedRecord(parsedVars);
+    }
+    // Tolerate paths as either a delimited string or string[]
+    const pathsOut = Array.isArray(paths)
+        ? paths.filter((p) => typeof p === 'string')
+        : splitBy(paths, pathsDelimiter, pathsDelimiterPattern);
+    // Preserve exactOptionalPropertyTypes: only include keys when defined.
+    return {
+        // Ensure the required logger property is present. The base CLI defaults
+        // specify console as the logger; callers can override upstream if desired.
+        logger: console,
+        ...rest,
+        ...(pathsOut.length > 0 ? { paths: pathsOut } : {}),
+        ...(parsedVars !== undefined ? { vars: parsedVars } : {}),
+    };
+};
+/**
+ * Resolve {@link GetDotenvOptions} by layering defaults in ascending precedence:
+ *
+ * 1. Base defaults derived from the CLI generator defaults
+ *    ({@link baseGetDotenvCliOptions}).
+ * 2. Local project overrides from a `getdotenv.config.json` in the nearest
+ *    package root (if present).
+ * 3. The provided customOptions.
+ *
+ * The result preserves explicit empty values and drops only `undefined`.
+ */
+const resolveGetDotenvOptions = (customOptions) => {
+    // Programmatic callers use neutral defaults only. Do not read local packaged
+    // getdotenv.config.json here; the host path applies packaged/project configs
+    // via the dedicated loader/overlay pipeline.
+    const mergedDefaults = baseRootOptionDefaults;
+    const defaultsFromCli = getDotenvCliOptions2Options(mergedDefaults);
+    const result = defaultsDeep(defaultsFromCli, customOptions);
+    return Promise.resolve({
+        ...result, // Keep explicit empty strings/zeros; drop only undefined
+        vars: omitUndefinedRecord(result.vars ?? {}),
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Asynchronously read a dotenv file & parse it into an object.
+ *
+ * @param path - Path to dotenv file.
+ * @returns The parsed dotenv object.
+ */
+const readDotenv = async (path) => {
+    try {
+        return (await fs.exists(path)) ? parse(await fs.readFile(path)) : {};
+    }
+    catch {
+        return {};
+    }
+};
+
+async function getDotenv(options = {}) {
+    // Apply defaults.
+    const { defaultEnv, dotenvToken = '.env', dynamicPath, env, excludeDynamic = false, excludeEnv = false, excludeGlobal = false, excludePrivate = false, excludePublic = false, loadProcess = false, log = false, logger = console, outputPath, paths = [], privateToken = 'local', vars = {}, } = await resolveGetDotenvOptions(options);
+    // Read .env files.
+    const loaded = paths.length
+        ? await paths.reduce(async (e, p) => {
+            const publicGlobal = excludePublic || excludeGlobal
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, dotenvToken));
+            const publicEnv = excludePublic || excludeEnv || (!env && !defaultEnv)
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, `${dotenvToken}.${env ?? defaultEnv ?? ''}`));
+            const privateGlobal = excludePrivate || excludeGlobal
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, `${dotenvToken}.${privateToken}`));
+            const privateEnv = excludePrivate || excludeEnv || (!env && !defaultEnv)
+                ? Promise.resolve({})
+                : readDotenv(path.resolve(p, `${dotenvToken}.${env ?? defaultEnv ?? ''}.${privateToken}`));
+            const [eResolved, publicGlobalResolved, publicEnvResolved, privateGlobalResolved, privateEnvResolved,] = await Promise.all([
+                e,
+                publicGlobal,
+                publicEnv,
+                privateGlobal,
+                privateEnv,
+            ]);
+            return {
+                ...eResolved,
+                ...publicGlobalResolved,
+                ...publicEnvResolved,
+                ...privateGlobalResolved,
+                ...privateEnvResolved,
+            };
+        }, Promise.resolve({}))
+        : {};
+    const outputKey = nanoid();
+    const dotenv = dotenvExpandAll({
+        ...loaded,
+        ...vars,
+        ...(outputPath ? { [outputKey]: outputPath } : {}),
+    }, { progressive: true });
+    // Process dynamic variables. Programmatic option takes precedence over path.
+    if (!excludeDynamic) {
+        let dynamic = undefined;
+        if (options.dynamic && Object.keys(options.dynamic).length > 0) {
+            dynamic = options.dynamic;
+        }
+        else if (dynamicPath) {
+            const absDynamicPath = path.resolve(dynamicPath);
+            await loadAndApplyDynamic(dotenv, absDynamicPath, env ?? defaultEnv, 'getdotenv-dynamic');
+        }
+        if (dynamic) {
+            try {
+                applyDynamicMap(dotenv, dynamic, env ?? defaultEnv);
+            }
+            catch {
+                throw new Error(`Unable to evaluate dynamic variables.`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Write output file.
+    let resultDotenv = dotenv;
+    if (outputPath) {
+        const outputPathResolved = dotenv[outputKey];
+        if (!outputPathResolved)
+            throw new Error('Output path not found.');
+        const { [outputKey]: _omitted, ...dotenvForOutput } = dotenv;
+        await writeDotenvFile(outputPathResolved, dotenvForOutput);
+        resultDotenv = dotenvForOutput;
+    }
+    // Log result.
+    if (log) {
+        const redactFlag = options.redact ?? false;
+        const redactPatterns = options.redactPatterns ?? undefined;
+        const redOpts = {};
+        if (redactFlag)
+            redOpts.redact = true;
+        if (redactFlag && Array.isArray(redactPatterns))
+            redOpts.redactPatterns = redactPatterns;
+        const bag = redactFlag
+            ? redactObject(resultDotenv, redOpts)
+            : { ...resultDotenv };
+        logger.log(bag);
+        // Entropy warnings: once-per-key-per-run (presentation only)
+        const warnEntropyVal = options.warnEntropy ?? true;
+        const entropyThresholdVal = options
+            .entropyThreshold;
+        const entropyMinLengthVal = options
+            .entropyMinLength;
+        const entropyWhitelistVal = options.entropyWhitelist;
+        const entOpts = {};
+        if (typeof warnEntropyVal === 'boolean')
+            entOpts.warnEntropy = warnEntropyVal;
+        if (typeof entropyThresholdVal === 'number')
+            entOpts.entropyThreshold = entropyThresholdVal;
+        if (typeof entropyMinLengthVal === 'number')
+            entOpts.entropyMinLength = entropyMinLengthVal;
+        if (Array.isArray(entropyWhitelistVal))
+            entOpts.entropyWhitelist = entropyWhitelistVal;
+        for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(resultDotenv)) {
+            maybeWarnEntropy(k, v, v !== undefined ? 'dotenv' : 'unset', entOpts, (line) => {
+                logger.log(line);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    // Load process.env.
+    if (loadProcess)
+        Object.assign(process.env, resultDotenv);
+    return resultDotenv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the realized path for a command mount (leaf-up to root).
+ * Excludes the root application alias.
+ *
+ * @param cli - The mounted command instance.
+ */
+/**
+ * Flatten a plugin tree into a list of `{ plugin, path }` entries.
+ * Traverses the namespace chain in pre-order.
+ */
+function flattenPluginTreeByPath(plugins, prefix) {
+    const out = [];
+    for (const p of plugins) {
+        const here = prefix && prefix.length > 0 ? `${prefix}/${p.ns}` : p.ns;
+        out.push({ plugin: p, path: here });
+        if (Array.isArray(p.children) && p.children.length > 0) {
+            out.push(...flattenPluginTreeByPath(p.children.map((c) => c.plugin), here));
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Instance-bound plugin config store.
+ * Host stores the validated/interpolated slice per plugin instance.
+ * The store is intentionally private to this module; definePlugin()
+ * provides a typed accessor that reads from this store for the calling
+ * plugin instance.
+ */
+const PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE = new WeakMap();
+/**
+ * Store a validated, interpolated config slice for a specific plugin instance.
+ * Generic on both the host options type and the plugin config type to avoid
+ * defaulting to GetDotenvOptions under exactOptionalPropertyTypes.
+ */
+const setPluginConfig = (plugin, cfg) => {
+    PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE.set(plugin, cfg);
+};
+/**
+ * Retrieve the validated/interpolated config slice for a plugin instance.
+ */
+const getPluginConfig = (plugin) => {
+    return PLUGIN_CONFIG_STORE.get(plugin);
+};
+/**
+ * Compute the dotenv context for the host (uses the config loader/overlay path).
+ * - Resolves and validates options strictly (host-only).
+ * - Applies file cascade, overlays, dynamics, and optional effects.
+ * - Merges and validates per-plugin config slices (when provided), keyed by
+ *   realized mount path (ns chain).
+ *
+ * @param customOptions - Partial options from the current invocation.
+ * @param plugins - Installed plugins (for config validation).
+ * @param hostMetaUrl - import.meta.url of the host module (for packaged root discovery).
+ */
+const computeContext = async (customOptions, plugins, hostMetaUrl) => {
+    const optionsResolved = await resolveGetDotenvOptions(customOptions);
+    // Zod boundary: parse returns the schema-derived shape; we adopt our public
+    // GetDotenvOptions overlay (logger/dynamic typing) for internal processing.
+    const validated = getDotenvOptionsSchemaResolved.parse(optionsResolved);
+    // Build a pure base without side effects or logging (no dynamics, no programmatic vars).
+    const cleanedValidated = omitUndefined(validated);
+    const base = await getDotenv({
+        ...cleanedValidated,
+        excludeDynamic: true,
+        vars: {},
+        log: false,
+        loadProcess: false,
+    });
+    // Discover config sources and overlay with progressive expansion per slice.
+    const sources = await resolveGetDotenvConfigSources(hostMetaUrl);
+    const dotenvOverlaid = overlayEnv({
+        base,
+        env: validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv,
+        configs: sources,
+        ...(validated.vars ? { programmaticVars: validated.vars } : {}),
+    });
+    const dotenv = { ...dotenvOverlaid };
+    // Programmatic dynamic variables (when provided)
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, validated.dynamic, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    // Packaged/project dynamics
+    const packagedDyn = (sources.packaged?.dynamic ?? undefined);
+    const publicDyn = (sources.project?.public?.dynamic ?? undefined);
+    const localDyn = (sources.project?.local?.dynamic ?? undefined);
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, packagedDyn, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, publicDyn, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    applyDynamicMap(dotenv, localDyn, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv);
+    // file dynamicPath (lowest)
+    if (validated.dynamicPath) {
+        const absDynamicPath = path.resolve(validated.dynamicPath);
+        await loadAndApplyDynamic(dotenv, absDynamicPath, validated.env ?? validated.defaultEnv, 'getdotenv-dynamic-host');
+    }
+    // Effects:
+    if (validated.outputPath) {
+        await writeDotenvFile(validated.outputPath, dotenv);
+    }
+    const logger = validated.logger;
+    if (validated.log)
+        logger.log(dotenv);
+    if (validated.loadProcess)
+        Object.assign(process.env, dotenv);
+    // Merge and validate per-plugin config keyed by realized path (ns chain).
+    const packagedPlugins = (sources.packaged &&
+        sources.packaged.plugins) ??
+        {};
+    const publicPlugins = (sources.project?.public &&
+        sources.project.public.plugins) ??
+        {};
+    const localPlugins = (sources.project?.local &&
+        sources.project.local.plugins) ??
+        {};
+    const entries = flattenPluginTreeByPath(plugins);
+    const mergedPluginConfigsByPath = {};
+    const envRef = {
+        ...dotenv,
+        ...process.env,
+    };
+    for (const e of entries) {
+        const pathKey = e.path;
+        const mergedRaw = defaultsDeep({}, packagedPlugins[pathKey] ?? {}, publicPlugins[pathKey] ?? {}, localPlugins[pathKey] ?? {});
+        const interpolated = mergedRaw && typeof mergedRaw === 'object'
+            ? interpolateDeep(mergedRaw, envRef)
+            : {};
+        const schema = e.plugin.configSchema;
+        if (schema) {
+            const parsed = schema.safeParse(interpolated);
+            if (!parsed.success) {
+                const err = parsed.error;
+                const msgs = err.issues
+                    .map((i) => {
+                    const pth = Array.isArray(i.path) ? i.path.join('.') : '';
+                    const msg = typeof i.message === 'string' ? i.message : 'Invalid value';
+                    return pth ? `${pth}: ${msg}` : msg;
+                })
+                    .join('\n');
+                throw new Error(`Invalid config for plugin at '${pathKey}':\n${msgs}`);
+            }
+            const frozen = Object.freeze(parsed.data);
+            setPluginConfig(e.plugin, frozen);
+            mergedPluginConfigsByPath[pathKey] = frozen;
+        }
+        else {
+            const frozen = Object.freeze(interpolated);
+            setPluginConfig(e.plugin, frozen);
+            mergedPluginConfigsByPath[pathKey] = frozen;
+        }
+    }
+    return {
+        optionsResolved: validated,
+        dotenv,
+        plugins: {},
+        pluginConfigs: mergedPluginConfigsByPath,
+    };
+};
+
+// Implementation
+function definePlugin(spec) {
+    const { ...rest } = spec;
+    const effectiveSchema = spec.configSchema ?? z.object({}).strict();
+    const base = {
+        ...rest,
+        configSchema: effectiveSchema,
+        children: [],
+        use(child, override) {
+            // Enforce sibling uniqueness at composition time.
+            const desired = (override && typeof override.ns === 'string' && override.ns.length > 0
+                ? override.ns
+                : child.ns).trim();
+            const collision = this.children.some((c) => {
+                const ns = (c.override &&
+                    typeof c.override.ns === 'string' &&
+                    c.override.ns.length > 0
+                    ? c.override.ns
+                    : c.plugin.ns).trim();
+                return ns === desired;
+            });
+            if (collision) {
+                const under = this.ns && this.ns.length > 0 ? this.ns : 'root';
+                throw new Error(`Duplicate namespace '${desired}' under '${under}'. ` +
+                    `Override via .use(plugin, { ns: '...' }).`);
+            }
+            this.children.push({ plugin: child, override });
+            return this;
+        },
+    };
+    const extended = base;
+    extended.readConfig = function (_cli) {
+        const value = getPluginConfig(extended);
+        if (value === undefined) {
+            throw new Error('Plugin config not available. Ensure resolveAndLoad() has been called before readConfig().');
+        }
+        return value;
+    };
+    extended.createPluginDynamicOption = function (cli, flags, desc, parser, defaultValue) {
+        // Derive realized path strictly from the provided mount (leaf-up).
+        const realizedPath = (() => {
+            const parts = [];
+            let node = cli;
+            while (node.parent) {
+                parts.push(node.name());
+                node = node.parent;
+            }
+            return parts.reverse().join('/');
+        })();
+        return cli.createDynamicOption(flags, (c) => {
+            const fromStore = getPluginConfig(extended);
+            let cfgVal = fromStore ?? {};
+            // Strict fallback only by realized path for help-time synthetic usage.
+            if (!fromStore && realizedPath.length > 0) {
+                const bag = c.plugins;
+                const maybe = bag[realizedPath];
+                if (maybe && typeof maybe === 'object') {
+                    cfgVal = maybe;
+                }
+            }
+            // c is strictly typed as ResolvedHelpConfig from cli.createDynamicOption
+            return desc(c, cfgVal);
+        }, parser, defaultValue);
+    };
+    return extended;
+}
+
+const dbg = (...args) => {
+    if (process.env.GETDOTENV_DEBUG) {
+        // Use stderr to avoid interfering with stdout assertions
+        console.error('[getdotenv:run]', ...args);
+    }
+};
+// Strip repeated symmetric outer quotes (single or double) until stable.
+// This is safe for argv arrays passed to execa (no quoting needed) and avoids
+// passing quote characters through to Node (e.g., for `node -e "<code>"`).
+// Handles stacked quotes from shells like PowerShell: """code""" -> code.
+const stripOuterQuotes = (s) => {
+    let out = s;
+    // Repeatedly trim only when the entire string is wrapped in matching quotes.
+    // Stop as soon as the ends are asymmetric or no quotes remain.
+    while (out.length >= 2) {
+        const a = out.charAt(0);
+        const b = out.charAt(out.length - 1);
+        const symmetric = (a === '"' && b === '"') || (a === "'" && b === "'");
+        if (!symmetric)
+            break;
+        out = out.slice(1, -1);
+    }
+    return out;
+};
+// Extract exitCode/stdout/stderr from execa result or error in a tolerant way.
+const pickResult = (r) => {
+    const exit = r.exitCode;
+    const stdoutVal = r.stdout;
+    const stderrVal = r.stderr;
+    return {
+        exitCode: typeof exit === 'number' ? exit : Number.NaN,
+        stdout: typeof stdoutVal === 'string' ? stdoutVal : '',
+        stderr: typeof stderrVal === 'string' ? stderrVal : '',
+    };
+};
+// Convert NodeJS.ProcessEnv (string | undefined values) to the shape execa
+// expects (Readonly<Partial<Record<string, string>>>), dropping undefineds.
+const sanitizeEnv = (env) => {
+    if (!env)
+        return undefined;
+    const entries = Object.entries(env).filter((e) => typeof e[1] === 'string');
+    return entries.length > 0 ? Object.fromEntries(entries) : undefined;
+};
+/**
+ * Core executor that normalizes shell/plain forms and capture/inherit modes.
+ * Returns captured buffers; callers may stream stdout when desired.
+ */
+async function _execNormalized(command, shell, opts = {}) {
+    const envSan = sanitizeEnv(opts.env);
+    const timeoutBits = typeof opts.timeoutMs === 'number'
+        ? { timeout: opts.timeoutMs, killSignal: 'SIGKILL' }
+        : {};
+    const stdio = opts.stdio ?? 'pipe';
+    if (shell === false) {
+        let file;
+        let args = [];
+        if (typeof command === 'string') {
+            const tokens = tokenize(command);
+            file = tokens[0];
+            args = tokens.slice(1);
+        }
+        else {
+            file = command[0];
+            args = command.slice(1).map(stripOuterQuotes);
+        }
+        if (!file)
+            return { exitCode: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' };
+        dbg('exec (plain)', { file, args, stdio });
+        try {
+            const ok = pickResult((await execa(file, args, {
+                ...(opts.cwd !== undefined ? { cwd: opts.cwd } : {}),
+                ...(envSan !== undefined ? { env: envSan } : {}),
+                stdio,
+                ...timeoutBits,
+            })));
+            dbg('exit (plain)', { exitCode: ok.exitCode });
+            return ok;
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            const out = pickResult(e);
+            dbg('exit:error (plain)', { exitCode: out.exitCode });
+            return out;
+        }
+    }
+    // Shell path (string|true|URL): execaCommand handles shell resolution.
+    const commandStr = typeof command === 'string' ? command : command.join(' ');
+    dbg('exec (shell)', {
+        command: commandStr,
+        shell: typeof shell === 'string' ? shell : 'custom',
+        stdio,
+    });
+    try {
+        const ok = pickResult((await execaCommand(commandStr, {
+            shell,
+            ...(opts.cwd !== undefined ? { cwd: opts.cwd } : {}),
+            ...(envSan !== undefined ? { env: envSan } : {}),
+            stdio,
+            ...timeoutBits,
+        })));
+        dbg('exit (shell)', { exitCode: ok.exitCode });
+        return ok;
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        const out = pickResult(e);
+        dbg('exit:error (shell)', { exitCode: out.exitCode });
+        return out;
+    }
+}
+async function runCommand(command, shell, opts) {
+    // Build opts without injecting undefined (exactOptionalPropertyTypes-safe)
+    const callOpts = {};
+    if (opts.cwd !== undefined) {
+        callOpts.cwd = opts.cwd;
+    }
+    if (opts.env !== undefined) {
+        callOpts.env = opts.env;
+    }
+    if (opts.stdio !== undefined)
+        callOpts.stdio = opts.stdio;
+    const ok = await _execNormalized(command, shell, callOpts);
+    if (opts.stdio === 'pipe' && ok.stdout) {
+        process.stdout.write(ok.stdout + (ok.stdout.endsWith('\n') ? '' : '\n'));
+    }
+    return typeof ok.exitCode === 'number' ? ok.exitCode : Number.NaN;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attach root flags to a {@link GetDotenvCli} instance.
+ *
+ * Program is typed as {@link GetDotenvCli} and supports {@link GetDotenvCli.createDynamicOption | createDynamicOption}.
+ */
+const attachRootOptions = (program, defaults) => {
+    const GROUP = 'base';
+    const { defaultEnv, dotenvToken, dynamicPath, env, outputPath, paths, pathsDelimiter, pathsDelimiterPattern, privateToken, varsAssignor, varsAssignorPattern, varsDelimiter, varsDelimiterPattern, } = defaults ?? {};
+    const va = typeof defaults?.varsAssignor === 'string' ? defaults.varsAssignor : '=';
+    const vd = typeof defaults?.varsDelimiter === 'string' ? defaults.varsDelimiter : ' ';
+    // Helper: append (default) tags for ON/OFF toggles
+    const onOff = (on, isDefault) => on
+        ? `ON${isDefault ? ' (default)' : ''}`
+        : `OFF${isDefault ? ' (default)' : ''}`;
+    program.enablePositionalOptions().passThroughOptions();
+    // -e, --env <string>
+    {
+        const opt = new Option('-e, --env <string>', 'target environment (dotenv-expanded)');
+        opt.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (env !== undefined)
+            opt.default(env);
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // -v, --vars <string>
+    {
+        const examples = [
+            ['KEY1', 'VAL1'],
+            ['KEY2', 'VAL2'],
+        ]
+            .map((v) => v.join(va))
+            .join(vd);
+        const opt = new Option('-v, --vars <string>', `extra variables expressed as delimited key-value pairs (dotenv-expanded): ${examples}`);
+        opt.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Output path (interpolated later; help can remain static)
+    {
+        const opt = new Option('-o, --output-path <string>', 'consolidated output file  (dotenv-expanded)');
+        opt.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (outputPath !== undefined)
+            opt.default(outputPath);
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Shell ON (string or boolean true => default shell)
+    {
+        const opt = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-s, --shell [string]', (cfg) => {
+            const s = cfg.shell;
+            let tag = '';
+            if (typeof s === 'boolean' && s)
+                tag = ' (default OS shell)';
+            else if (typeof s === 'string' && s.length > 0)
+                tag = ` (default ${s})`;
+            return `command execution shell, no argument for default OS shell or provide shell string${tag}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('shellOff');
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Shell OFF
+    {
+        const opt = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-S, --shell-off', (cfg) => {
+            const s = cfg.shell;
+            return `command execution shell OFF${s === false ? ' (default)' : ''}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('shell');
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Load process ON/OFF (dynamic defaults)
+    {
+        const optOn = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-p, --load-process', (cfg) => `load variables to process.env ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.loadProcess))}`)
+            .conflicts('loadProcessOff');
+        program.addOption(optOn);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optOn, GROUP);
+        const optOff = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-P, --load-process-off', (cfg) => `load variables to process.env ${onOff(false, !cfg.loadProcess)}`)
+            .conflicts('loadProcess');
+        program.addOption(optOff);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optOff, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Exclusion master toggle (dynamic)
+    {
+        const optAll = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-a, --exclude-all', (cfg) => {
+            const allOn = !!cfg.excludeDynamic &&
+                ((!!cfg.excludeEnv && !!cfg.excludeGlobal) ||
+                    (!!cfg.excludePrivate && !!cfg.excludePublic));
+            const suffix = allOn ? ' (default)' : '';
+            return `exclude all dotenv variables from loading ON${suffix}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('excludeAllOff');
+        program.addOption(optAll);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optAll, GROUP);
+        const optAllOff = new Option('-A, --exclude-all-off', 'exclude all dotenv variables from loading OFF (default)').conflicts('excludeAll');
+        program.addOption(optAllOff);
+        program.setOptionGroup(optAllOff, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Per-family exclusions (dynamic defaults)
+    {
+        const o1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-z, --exclude-dynamic', (cfg) => `exclude dynamic dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludeDynamic))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeDynamicOff');
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-Z, --exclude-dynamic-off', (cfg) => `exclude dynamic dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludeDynamic)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeDynamic');
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const o1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-n, --exclude-env', (cfg) => `exclude environment-specific dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludeEnv))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeEnvOff');
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-N, --exclude-env-off', (cfg) => `exclude environment-specific dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludeEnv)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeEnv');
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const o1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-g, --exclude-global', (cfg) => `exclude global dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludeGlobal))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeGlobalOff');
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-G, --exclude-global-off', (cfg) => `exclude global dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludeGlobal)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludeGlobal');
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const p1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-r, --exclude-private', (cfg) => `exclude private dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludePrivate))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePrivateOff');
+        program.addOption(p1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(p1, GROUP);
+        const p2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-R, --exclude-private-off', (cfg) => `exclude private dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludePrivate)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePrivate');
+        program.addOption(p2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(p2, GROUP);
+        const pu1 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-u, --exclude-public', (cfg) => `exclude public dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.excludePublic))}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePublicOff');
+        program.addOption(pu1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(pu1, GROUP);
+        const pu2 = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-U, --exclude-public-off', (cfg) => `exclude public dotenv variables from loading ${onOff(false, !cfg.excludePublic)}`)
+            .conflicts('excludePublic');
+        program.addOption(pu2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(pu2, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Log ON/OFF (dynamic)
+    {
+        const lo = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-l, --log', (cfg) => `console log loaded variables ${onOff(true, Boolean(cfg.log))}`)
+            .conflicts('logOff');
+        program.addOption(lo);
+        program.setOptionGroup(lo, GROUP);
+        const lf = program
+            .createDynamicOption('-L, --log-off', (cfg) => `console log loaded variables ${onOff(false, !cfg.log)}`)
+            .conflicts('log');
+        program.addOption(lf);
+        program.setOptionGroup(lf, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Capture flag (no default display; static)
+    {
+        const opt = new Option('--capture', 'capture child process stdio for commands (tests/CI)');
+        program.addOption(opt);
+        program.setOptionGroup(opt, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Core bootstrap/static flags (kept static in help)
+    {
+        const o1 = new Option('--default-env <string>', 'default target environment');
+        o1.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (defaultEnv !== undefined)
+            o1.default(defaultEnv);
+        program.addOption(o1);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o1, GROUP);
+        const o2 = new Option('--dotenv-token <string>', 'dotenv-expanded token indicating a dotenv file');
+        o2.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (dotenvToken !== undefined)
+            o2.default(dotenvToken);
+        program.addOption(o2);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o2, GROUP);
+        const o3 = new Option('--dynamic-path <string>', 'dynamic variables path (.js or .ts; .ts is auto-compiled when esbuild is available, otherwise precompile)');
+        o3.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (dynamicPath !== undefined)
+            o3.default(dynamicPath);
+        program.addOption(o3);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o3, GROUP);
+        const o4 = new Option('--paths <string>', 'dotenv-expanded delimited list of paths to dotenv directory');
+        o4.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (paths !== undefined)
+            o4.default(paths);
+        program.addOption(o4);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o4, GROUP);
+        const o5 = new Option('--paths-delimiter <string>', 'paths delimiter string');
+        if (pathsDelimiter !== undefined)
+            o5.default(pathsDelimiter);
+        program.addOption(o5);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o5, GROUP);
+        const o6 = new Option('--paths-delimiter-pattern <string>', 'paths delimiter regex pattern');
+        if (pathsDelimiterPattern !== undefined)
+            o6.default(pathsDelimiterPattern);
+        program.addOption(o6);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o6, GROUP);
+        const o7 = new Option('--private-token <string>', 'dotenv-expanded token indicating private variables');
+        o7.argParser(dotenvExpandFromProcessEnv);
+        if (privateToken !== undefined)
+            o7.default(privateToken);
+        program.addOption(o7);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o7, GROUP);
+        const o8 = new Option('--vars-delimiter <string>', 'vars delimiter string');
+        if (varsDelimiter !== undefined)
+            o8.default(varsDelimiter);
+        program.addOption(o8);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o8, GROUP);
+        const o9 = new Option('--vars-delimiter-pattern <string>', 'vars delimiter regex pattern');
+        if (varsDelimiterPattern !== undefined)
+            o9.default(varsDelimiterPattern);
+        program.addOption(o9);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o9, GROUP);
+        const o10 = new Option('--vars-assignor <string>', 'vars assignment operator string');
+        if (varsAssignor !== undefined)
+            o10.default(varsAssignor);
+        program.addOption(o10);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o10, GROUP);
+        const o11 = new Option('--vars-assignor-pattern <string>', 'vars assignment operator regex pattern');
+        if (varsAssignorPattern !== undefined)
+            o11.default(varsAssignorPattern);
+        program.addOption(o11);
+        program.setOptionGroup(o11, GROUP);
+    }
+    // Diagnostics / validation / entropy
+    {
+        const tr = new Option('--trace [keys...]', 'emit diagnostics for child env composition (optional keys)');
+        program.addOption(tr);
+        program.setOptionGroup(tr, GROUP);
+        const st = new Option('--strict', 'fail on env validation errors (schema/requiredKeys)');
+        program.addOption(st);
+        program.setOptionGroup(st, GROUP);
+    }
+    {
+        const w = program
+            .createDynamicOption('--entropy-warn', (cfg) => {
+            const warn = cfg.warnEntropy;
+            // Default is effectively ON when warnEntropy is true or undefined.
+            return `enable entropy warnings${warn === false ? '' : ' (default on)'}`;
+        })
+            .conflicts('entropyWarnOff');
+        program.addOption(w);
+        program.setOptionGroup(w, GROUP);
+        const woff = program
+            .createDynamicOption('--entropy-warn-off', (cfg) => `disable entropy warnings${cfg.warnEntropy === false ? ' (default)' : ''}`)
+            .conflicts('entropyWarn');
+        program.addOption(woff);
+        program.setOptionGroup(woff, GROUP);
+        const th = new Option('--entropy-threshold <number>', 'entropy bits/char threshold (default 3.8)');
+        program.addOption(th);
+        program.setOptionGroup(th, GROUP);
+        const ml = new Option('--entropy-min-length <number>', 'min length to examine for entropy (default 16)');
+        program.addOption(ml);
+        program.setOptionGroup(ml, GROUP);
+        const wl = new Option('--entropy-whitelist <pattern...>', 'suppress entropy warnings when key matches any regex pattern');
+        program.addOption(wl);
+        program.setOptionGroup(wl, GROUP);
+        const rp = new Option('--redact-pattern <pattern...>', 'additional key-match regex patterns to trigger redaction');
+        program.addOption(rp);
+        program.setOptionGroup(rp, GROUP);
+        // Redact ON/OFF (dynamic)
+        {
+            const rOn = program
+                .createDynamicOption('--redact', (cfg) => `presentation-time redaction for secret-like keys ON${cfg.redact ? ' (default)' : ''}`)
+                .conflicts('redactOff');
+            program.addOption(rOn);
+            program.setOptionGroup(rOn, GROUP);
+            const rOff = program
+                .createDynamicOption('--redact-off', (cfg) => `presentation-time redaction for secret-like keys OFF${cfg.redact === false ? ' (default)' : ''}`)
+                .conflicts('redact');
+            program.addOption(rOff);
+            program.setOptionGroup(rOff, GROUP);
+        }
+    }
+    return program;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Registry for option grouping.
+ * Root help renders these groups between "Options" and "Commands".
+ */
+const GROUP_TAG = new WeakMap();
+/**
+ * Render help option groups (App/Plugins) for a given command.
+ * Groups are injected between Options and Commands in the help output.
+ */
+function renderOptionGroups(cmd) {
+    const all = cmd.options;
+    const byGroup = new Map();
+    for (const o of all) {
+        const opt = o;
+        const g = GROUP_TAG.get(opt);
+        if (!g || g === 'base')
+            continue; // base handled by default help
+        const rows = byGroup.get(g) ?? [];
+        rows.push({
+            flags: opt.flags,
+            description: opt.description ?? '',
+        });
+        byGroup.set(g, rows);
+    }
+    if (byGroup.size === 0)
+        return '';
+    const renderRows = (title, rows) => {
+        const width = Math.min(40, rows.reduce((m, r) => Math.max(m, r.flags.length), 0));
+        // Sort within group: short-aliased flags first
+        rows.sort((a, b) => {
+            const aS = /(^|\s|,)-[A-Za-z]/.test(a.flags) ? 1 : 0;
+            const bS = /(^|\s|,)-[A-Za-z]/.test(b.flags) ? 1 : 0;
+            return bS - aS || a.flags.localeCompare(b.flags);
+        });
+        const lines = rows
+            .map((r) => {
+            const pad = ' '.repeat(Math.max(2, width - r.flags.length + 2));
+            return `  ${r.flags}${pad}${r.description}`.trimEnd();
+        })
+            .join('\n');
+        return `\n${title}:\n${lines}\n`;
+    };
+    let out = '';
+    // App options (if any)
+    const app = byGroup.get('app');
+    if (app && app.length > 0) {
+        out += renderRows('App options', app);
+    }
+    // Plugin groups sorted by id; suppress self group on the owning command name.
+    const pluginKeys = Array.from(byGroup.keys()).filter((k) => k.startsWith('plugin:'));
+    const currentName = cmd.name();
+    pluginKeys.sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+    for (const k of pluginKeys) {
+        const id = k.slice('plugin:'.length) || '(unknown)';
+        const rows = byGroup.get(k) ?? [];
+        if (rows.length > 0 && id !== currentName) {
+            out += renderRows(`Plugin options — ${id}`, rows);
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compose root/parent help output by inserting grouped sections between
+ * Options and Commands, ensuring a trailing blank line.
+ */
+function buildHelpInformation(base, cmd) {
+    const groups = renderOptionGroups(cmd);
+    const block = typeof groups === 'string' ? groups.trim() : '';
+    if (!block) {
+        return base.endsWith('\n\n')
+            ? base
+            : base.endsWith('\n')
+                ? `${base}\n`
+                : `${base}\n\n`;
+    }
+    const marker = '\nCommands:';
+    const idx = base.indexOf(marker);
+    let out = base;
+    if (idx >= 0) {
+        const toInsert = groups.startsWith('\n') ? groups : `\n${groups}`;
+        out = `${base.slice(0, idx)}${toInsert}${base.slice(idx)}`;
+    }
+    else {
+        const sep = base.endsWith('\n') || groups.startsWith('\n') ? '' : '\n';
+        out = `${base}${sep}${groups}`;
+    }
+    return out.endsWith('\n\n')
+        ? out
+        : out.endsWith('\n')
+            ? `${out}\n`
+            : `${out}\n\n`;
+}
+
+/** src/cliHost/GetDotenvCli/dynamicOptions.ts
+ * Helpers for dynamic option descriptions and evaluation.
+ */
+/**
+ * Registry for dynamic descriptions keyed by Option (WeakMap for GC safety).
+ */
+const DYN_DESC = new WeakMap();
+/**
+ * Create an Option with a dynamic description callback stored in DYN_DESC.
+ */
+function makeDynamicOption(flags, desc, parser, defaultValue) {
+    const opt = new Option(flags, '');
+    DYN_DESC.set(opt, desc);
+    if (parser) {
+        opt.argParser((value, previous) => parser(value, previous));
+    }
+    if (defaultValue !== undefined)
+        opt.default(defaultValue);
+    // Commander.Option is structurally compatible; help-time wiring is stored in DYN_DESC.
+    return opt;
+}
+/**
+ * Evaluate dynamic descriptions across a command tree using the resolved config.
+ */
+function evaluateDynamicOptions(root, resolved) {
+    const visit = (cmd) => {
+        const arr = cmd.options;
+        for (const o of arr) {
+            const dyn = DYN_DESC.get(o);
+            if (typeof dyn === 'function') {
+                try {
+                    const txt = dyn(resolved);
+                    // Commander uses Option.description during help rendering.
+                    o.description = txt;
+                }
+                catch {
+                    /* best-effort; leave as-is */
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (const c of cmd.commands)
+            visit(c);
+    };
+    visit(root);
+}
+
+function initializeInstance(cli, headerGetter) {
+    // Configure grouped help: show only base options in default "Options";
+    // subcommands show all of their own options.
+    cli.configureHelp({
+        visibleOptions: (cmd) => {
+            const all = cmd.options;
+            const isRoot = cmd.parent === null;
+            const list = isRoot
+                ? all.filter((opt) => {
+                    const group = GROUP_TAG.get(opt);
+                    return group === 'base';
+                })
+                : all.slice();
+            // Sort: short-aliased options first, then long-only; stable by flags.
+            const hasShort = (opt) => {
+                const flags = opt.flags;
+                return /(^|\s|,)-[A-Za-z]/.test(flags);
+            };
+            const byFlags = (opt) => opt.flags;
+            list.sort((a, b) => {
+                const aS = hasShort(a) ? 1 : 0;
+                const bS = hasShort(b) ? 1 : 0;
+                return bS - aS || byFlags(a).localeCompare(byFlags(b));
+            });
+            return list;
+        },
+    });
+    // Optional branded header before help text (kept minimal and deterministic).
+    cli.addHelpText('beforeAll', () => {
+        const header = headerGetter();
+        return header && header.length > 0 ? `${header}\n\n` : '';
+    });
+    // Tests-only: suppress process.exit during help/version flows under Vitest.
+    // Unit tests often construct GetDotenvCli directly (bypassing createCli),
+    // so install a local exitOverride when a test environment is detected.
+    const underTests = process.env.GETDOTENV_TEST === '1' ||
+        typeof process.env.VITEST_WORKER_ID === 'string';
+    if (underTests) {
+        cli.exitOverride((err) => {
+            const code = err?.code;
+            if (code === 'commander.helpDisplayed' ||
+                code === 'commander.version' ||
+                code === 'commander.help')
+                return;
+            throw err;
+        });
+    }
+    // Ensure the root has a no-op action so preAction hooks installed by
+    // passOptions() fire for root-only invocations (no subcommand).
+    // Subcommands still take precedence and will not hit this action.
+    // This keeps root-side effects (e.g., --log) working in direct hosts/tests.
+    cli.action(() => {
+        /* no-op */
+    });
+    // PreSubcommand hook: compute a context if absent, without mutating process.env.
+    // The passOptions() helper, when installed, resolves the final context.
+    cli.hook('preSubcommand', async () => {
+        if (cli.hasCtx())
+            return;
+        await cli.resolveAndLoad({ loadProcess: false });
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine the effective namespace for a child plugin (override \> default).
+ */
+const effectiveNs = (child) => {
+    const o = child.override;
+    return (o && typeof o.ns === 'string' && o.ns.length > 0 ? o.ns : child.plugin.ns).trim();
+};
+const isPromise = (v) => !!v && typeof v.then === 'function';
+function runInstall(parentCli, plugin) {
+    // Create mount and run setup
+    const mount = parentCli.ns(plugin.ns);
+    const setupRet = plugin.setup(mount);
+    const pending = [];
+    if (isPromise(setupRet))
+        pending.push(setupRet.then(() => undefined));
+    // Enforce sibling uniqueness before creating children
+    const names = new Set();
+    for (const entry of plugin.children) {
+        const ns = effectiveNs(entry);
+        if (names.has(ns)) {
+            const under = mount.name();
+            throw new Error(`Duplicate namespace '${ns}' under '${under || 'root'}'. Override via .use(plugin, { ns: '...' }).`);
+        }
+        names.add(ns);
+    }
+    // Install children (pre-order), synchronously when possible
+    for (const entry of plugin.children) {
+        const childRet = runInstall(mount, entry.plugin);
+        if (isPromise(childRet))
+            pending.push(childRet);
+    }
+    if (pending.length > 0)
+        return Promise.all(pending).then(() => undefined);
+    return;
+}
+/**
+ * Install a plugin and its children (pre-order setup phase).
+ * Enforces sibling namespace uniqueness.
+ */
+function setupPluginTree(cli, plugin) {
+    const ret = runInstall(cli, plugin);
+    return isPromise(ret) ? ret : Promise.resolve();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve options strictly and compute the dotenv context via the loader/overlay path.
+ *
+ * @param customOptions - Partial options overlay.
+ * @param plugins - Plugins list for config validation.
+ * @param hostMetaUrl - Import URL for resolving the packaged root.
+ */
+async function resolveAndComputeContext(customOptions, plugins, hostMetaUrl) {
+    const optionsResolved = await resolveGetDotenvOptions(customOptions);
+    // Strict schema validation
+    getDotenvOptionsSchemaResolved.parse(optionsResolved);
+    const ctx = await computeContext(optionsResolved, plugins, hostMetaUrl);
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run afterResolve hooks for a plugin tree (parent → children).
+ */
+async function runAfterResolveTree(cli, plugins, ctx) {
+    const run = async (p) => {
+        if (p.afterResolve)
+            await p.afterResolve(cli, ctx);
+        for (const child of p.children)
+            await run(child.plugin);
+    };
+    for (const p of plugins)
+        await run(p);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Temporarily tag options added during a callback as 'app' for grouped help.
+ * Wraps `addOption` on the command instance.
+ */
+function tagAppOptionsAround(root, setOptionGroup, fn) {
+    const originalAddOption = root.addOption.bind(root);
+    root.addOption = ((opt) => {
+        setOptionGroup(opt, 'app');
+        return originalAddOption(opt);
+    });
+    try {
+        return fn(root);
+    }
+    finally {
+        root.addOption = originalAddOption;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read the version from the nearest `package.json` relative to the provided import URL.
+ *
+ * @param importMetaUrl - The `import.meta.url` of the calling module.
+ * @returns The version string or undefined if not found.
+ */
+async function readPkgVersion(importMetaUrl) {
+    if (!importMetaUrl)
+        return undefined;
+    try {
+        const fromUrl = fileURLToPath(importMetaUrl);
+        const pkgDir = await packageDirectory({ cwd: fromUrl });
+        if (!pkgDir)
+            return undefined;
+        const txt = await fs.readFile(`${pkgDir}/package.json`, 'utf-8');
+        const pkg = JSON.parse(txt);
+        return pkg.version ?? undefined;
+    }
+    catch {
+        // best-effort only
+        return undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+/** src/cliHost/GetDotenvCli.ts
+ * Plugin-first CLI host for get-dotenv with Commander generics preserved.
+ * Public surface implements GetDotenvCliPublic and provides:
+ *  - attachRootOptions (builder-only; no public override wiring)
+ *  - resolveAndLoad (strict resolve + context compute)
+ *  - getCtx/hasCtx accessors
+ *  - ns() for typed subcommand creation with duplicate-name guard
+ *  - grouped help rendering with dynamic option descriptions
+ */
+const HOST_META_URL = import.meta.url;
+const CTX_SYMBOL = Symbol('GetDotenvCli.ctx');
+const OPTS_SYMBOL = Symbol('GetDotenvCli.options');
+const HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL = Symbol('GetDotenvCli.helpHeader');
+/**
+ * Plugin-first CLI host for get-dotenv. Extends Commander.Command.
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - Resolve options strictly and compute dotenv context (resolveAndLoad).
+ * - Expose a stable accessor for the current context (getCtx).
+ * - Provide a namespacing helper (ns).
+ * - Support composable plugins with parent → children install and afterResolve.
+ */
+class GetDotenvCli extends Command {
+    /** Registered top-level plugins (composition happens via .use()) */
+    _plugins = [];
+    /** One-time installation guard */
+    _installed = false;
+    /** In-flight installation promise to guard against concurrent installs */
+    _installing;
+    /** Optional header line to prepend in help output */
+    [HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL];
+    /** Context/options stored under symbols (typed) */
+    [CTX_SYMBOL];
+    [OPTS_SYMBOL];
+    /**
+     * Create a subcommand using the same subclass, preserving helpers like
+     * dynamicOption on children.
+     */
+    createCommand(name) {
+        // Explicitly construct a GetDotenvCli for children to preserve helpers.
+        return new GetDotenvCli(name);
+    }
+    constructor(alias = 'getdotenv') {
+        super(alias);
+        this.enablePositionalOptions();
+        // Delegate the heavy setup to a helper to keep the constructor lean.
+        initializeInstance(this, () => this[HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL]);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Attach legacy/base root flags to this CLI instance.
+     * Delegates to the pure builder in attachRootOptions.ts.
+     */
+    attachRootOptions(defaults) {
+        const d = (defaults ?? baseRootOptionDefaults);
+        attachRootOptions(this, d);
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Resolve options (strict) and compute dotenv context.
+     * Stores the context on the instance under a symbol.
+     *
+     * Options:
+     * - opts.runAfterResolve (default true): when false, skips running plugin
+     *   afterResolve hooks. Useful for top-level help rendering to avoid
+     *   long-running side-effects while still evaluating dynamic help text.
+     */
+    async resolveAndLoad(customOptions = {}, opts) {
+        const ctx = await resolveAndComputeContext(customOptions, 
+        // Pass only plugin instances to the resolver (not entries with overrides)
+        this._plugins.map((e) => e.plugin), HOST_META_URL);
+        // Persist context on the instance for later access.
+        this[CTX_SYMBOL] = ctx;
+        // Ensure plugins are installed exactly once, then run afterResolve.
+        await this.install();
+        if (opts?.runAfterResolve ?? true) {
+            await this._runAfterResolve(ctx);
+        }
+        return ctx;
+    }
+    // Implementation
+    createDynamicOption(flags, desc, parser, defaultValue) {
+        return makeDynamicOption(flags, (c) => desc(c), parser, defaultValue);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Evaluate dynamic descriptions for this command and all descendants using
+     * the provided resolved configuration. Mutates the Option.description in
+     * place so Commander help renders updated text.
+     */
+    evaluateDynamicOptions(resolved) {
+        evaluateDynamicOptions(this, resolved);
+    }
+    /** Internal: climb to the true root (host) command. */
+    _root() {
+        let node = this;
+        while (node.parent) {
+            node = node.parent;
+        }
+        return node;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the current invocation context (if any).
+     */
+    getCtx() {
+        let ctx = this[CTX_SYMBOL];
+        if (!ctx) {
+            const root = this._root();
+            ctx = root[CTX_SYMBOL];
+        }
+        if (!ctx) {
+            throw new Error('Dotenv context unavailable. Ensure resolveAndLoad() has been called or the host is wired with passOptions() before invoking commands.');
+        }
+        return ctx;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Check whether a context has been resolved (non-throwing guard).
+     */
+    hasCtx() {
+        if (this[CTX_SYMBOL] !== undefined)
+            return true;
+        const root = this._root();
+        return root[CTX_SYMBOL] !== undefined;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the merged root CLI options bag (if set by passOptions()).
+     * Downstream-safe: no generics required.
+     */
+    getOptions() {
+        if (this[OPTS_SYMBOL])
+            return this[OPTS_SYMBOL];
+        const root = this._root();
+        const bag = root[OPTS_SYMBOL];
+        if (bag)
+            return bag;
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    /** Internal: set the merged root options bag for this run. */
+    _setOptionsBag(bag) {
+        this[OPTS_SYMBOL] = bag;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Convenience helper to create a namespaced subcommand with argument inference.
+     * This mirrors Commander generics so downstream chaining stays fully typed.
+     */
+    ns(name) {
+        // Guard against same-level duplicate command names for clearer diagnostics.
+        const exists = this.commands.some((c) => c.name() === name);
+        if (exists) {
+            throw new Error(`Duplicate command name: ${name}`);
+        }
+        return this.command(name);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Tag options added during the provided callback as 'app' for grouped help.
+     * Allows downstream apps to demarcate their root-level options.
+     */
+    tagAppOptions(fn) {
+        return tagAppOptionsAround(this, this.setOptionGroup.bind(this), fn);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Branding helper: set CLI name/description/version and optional help header.
+     * If version is omitted and importMetaUrl is provided, attempts to read the
+     * nearest package.json version (best-effort; non-fatal on failure).
+     */
+    async brand(args) {
+        const { name, description, version, importMetaUrl, helpHeader } = args;
+        if (typeof name === 'string' && name.length > 0)
+            this.name(name);
+        if (typeof description === 'string')
+            this.description(description);
+        const v = version ?? (await readPkgVersion(importMetaUrl));
+        if (v)
+            this.version(v);
+        // Help header:
+        // - If caller provides helpHeader, use it.
+        // - Otherwise, when a version is known, default to "<name> v<version>".
+        if (typeof helpHeader === 'string') {
+            this[HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL] = helpHeader;
+        }
+        else if (v) {
+            const header = `${this.name()} v${v}`;
+            this[HELP_HEADER_SYMBOL] = header;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Insert grouped plugin/app options between "Options" and "Commands" for
+     * hybrid ordering. Applies to root and any parent command.
+     */
+    helpInformation() {
+        return buildHelpInformation(super.helpInformation(), this);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Public: tag an Option with a display group for help (root/app/plugin:<id>).
+     */
+    setOptionGroup(opt, group) {
+        GROUP_TAG.set(opt, group);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Register a plugin for installation (parent level).
+     * Installation occurs on first resolveAndLoad() (or explicit install()).
+     */
+    use(plugin, override) {
+        this._plugins.push({ plugin, override });
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Install all registered plugins in parent → children (pre-order).
+     * Runs only once per CLI instance.
+     */
+    async install() {
+        if (this._installed)
+            return;
+        if (this._installing) {
+            await this._installing;
+            return;
+        }
+        this._installing = (async () => {
+            // Install parent → children with host-created mounts (async-aware).
+            for (const entry of this._plugins) {
+                const p = entry.plugin;
+                await setupPluginTree(this, p);
             }
+            this._installed = true;
+        })();
+        try {
+            await this._installing;
+        }
+        finally {
+            // leave _installing as resolved; subsequent calls return early via _installed
         }
     }
-    if (cur)
-        out.push(cur);
-    return out;
-};
+    /**
+     * Run afterResolve hooks for all plugins (parent → children).
+     */
+    async _runAfterResolve(ctx) {
+        await runAfterResolveTree(this, this._plugins.map((e) => e.plugin), ctx);
+    }
+}
 
-const dbg = (...args) => {
-    if (process.env.GETDOTENV_DEBUG) {
-        // Use stderr to avoid interfering with stdout assertions
-        console.error('[getdotenv:run]', ...args);
+/**
+ * Compose a child-process env overlay from dotenv and the merged CLI options bag.
+ * Returns a shallow object including getDotenvCliOptions when serializable.
+ */
+function composeNestedEnv(merged, dotenv) {
+    const out = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(dotenv)) {
+        if (typeof v === 'string')
+            out[k] = v;
     }
-};
-// Strip repeated symmetric outer quotes (single or double) until stable.
-// This is safe for argv arrays passed to execa (no quoting needed) and avoids
-// passing quote characters through to Node (e.g., for `node -e "<code>"`).
-// Handles stacked quotes from shells like PowerShell: """code""" -> code.
-const stripOuterQuotes = (s) => {
-    let out = s;
-    // Repeatedly trim only when the entire string is wrapped in matching quotes.
-    // Stop as soon as the ends are asymmetric or no quotes remain.
-    while (out.length >= 2) {
-        const a = out.charAt(0);
-        const b = out.charAt(out.length - 1);
-        const symmetric = (a === '"' && b === '"') || (a === "'" && b === "'");
-        if (!symmetric)
-            break;
-        out = out.slice(1, -1);
+    try {
+        const { logger: _omit, ...bag } = merged;
+        const txt = JSON.stringify(bag);
+        if (typeof txt === 'string')
+            out.getDotenvCliOptions = txt;
+    }
+    catch {
+        /* best-effort only */
     }
     return out;
+}
+/**
+ * Strip one layer of symmetric outer quotes (single or double) from a string.
+ *
+ * @param s - Input string.
+ */
+const stripOne = (s) => {
+    if (s.length < 2)
+        return s;
+    const a = s.charAt(0);
+    const b = s.charAt(s.length - 1);
+    const symmetric = (a === '"' && b === '"') || (a === "'" && b === "'");
+    return symmetric ? s.slice(1, -1) : s;
 };
-// Extract exitCode/stdout/stderr from execa result or error in a tolerant way.
-const pickResult = (r) => {
-    const exit = r.exitCode;
-    const stdoutVal = r.stdout;
-    const stderrVal = r.stderr;
-    return {
-        exitCode: typeof exit === 'number' ? exit : Number.NaN,
-        stdout: typeof stdoutVal === 'string' ? stdoutVal : '',
-        stderr: typeof stderrVal === 'string' ? stderrVal : '',
-    };
-};
-// Convert NodeJS.ProcessEnv (string | undefined values) to the shape execa
-// expects (Readonly<Partial<Record<string, string>>>), dropping undefineds.
-const sanitizeEnv = (env) => {
-    if (!env)
-        return undefined;
-    const entries = Object.entries(env).filter((e) => typeof e[1] === 'string');
-    return entries.length > 0 ? Object.fromEntries(entries) : undefined;
-};
-async function runCommand(command, shell, opts) {
-    if (shell === false) {
-        let file;
-        let args = [];
-        if (typeof command === 'string') {
-            const tokens = tokenize(command);
-            file = tokens[0];
-            args = tokens.slice(1);
-        }
-        else {
-            file = command[0];
-            args = command.slice(1).map(stripOuterQuotes);
-        }
-        if (!file)
-            return 0;
-        dbg('exec (plain)', { file, args, stdio: opts.stdio });
-        // Build options without injecting undefined properties (exactOptionalPropertyTypes).
-        const envSan = sanitizeEnv(opts.env);
-        const plainOpts = {};
-        if (opts.cwd !== undefined)
-            plainOpts.cwd = opts.cwd;
-        if (envSan !== undefined)
-            plainOpts.env = envSan;
-        if (opts.stdio !== undefined)
-            plainOpts.stdio = opts.stdio;
-        const ok = pickResult((await execa(file, args, plainOpts)));
-        if (opts.stdio === 'pipe' && ok.stdout) {
-            process.stdout.write(ok.stdout + (ok.stdout.endsWith('\n') ? '' : '\n'));
-        }
-        dbg('exit (plain)', { exitCode: ok.exitCode });
-        return typeof ok.exitCode === 'number' ? ok.exitCode : Number.NaN;
-    }
-    else {
-        const commandStr = typeof command === 'string' ? command : command.join(' ');
-        dbg('exec (shell)', {
-            shell: typeof shell === 'string' ? shell : 'custom',
-            stdio: opts.stdio,
-            command: commandStr,
-        });
-        const envSan = sanitizeEnv(opts.env);
-        const shellOpts = { shell };
-        if (opts.cwd !== undefined)
-            shellOpts.cwd = opts.cwd;
-        if (envSan !== undefined)
-            shellOpts.env = envSan;
-        if (opts.stdio !== undefined)
-            shellOpts.stdio = opts.stdio;
-        const ok = pickResult((await execaCommand(commandStr, shellOpts)));
-        if (opts.stdio === 'pipe' && ok.stdout) {
-            process.stdout.write(ok.stdout + (ok.stdout.endsWith('\n') ? '' : '\n'));
+/**
+ * Preserve argv array for Node -e/--eval payloads under shell-off and
+ * peel one symmetric outer quote layer from the code argument.
+ */
+function maybePreserveNodeEvalArgv(args) {
+    if (args.length >= 3) {
+        const first = (args[0] ?? '').toLowerCase();
+        const hasEval = args[1] === '-e' || args[1] === '--eval';
+        if (first === 'node' && hasEval) {
+            const copy = args.slice();
+            copy[2] = stripOne(copy[2] ?? '');
+            return copy;
         }
-        dbg('exit (shell)', { exitCode: ok.exitCode });
-        return typeof ok.exitCode === 'number' ? ok.exitCode : Number.NaN;
     }
+    return args;
 }
 
-/** src/cliCore/spawnEnv.ts
- * Build a sanitized environment bag for child processes.
+/**
+ * Retrieve the merged root options bag from the current command context.
+ * Climbs to the root `GetDotenvCli` instance to access the persisted options.
  *
- * Requirements addressed:
- * - Provide a single helper (buildSpawnEnv) to normalize/dedupe child env.
- * - Drop undefined values (exactOptional semantics).
- * - On Windows, dedupe keys case-insensitively and prefer the last value,
- *   preserving the latest key's casing. Ensure HOME fallback from USERPROFILE.
- *   Normalize TMP/TEMP consistency when either is present.
- * - On POSIX, keep keys as-is; when a temp dir key is present (TMPDIR/TMP/TEMP),
- *   ensure TMPDIR exists for downstream consumers that expect it.
+ * @param cmd - The current command instance (thisCommand).
+ * @throws Error if the root is not a GetDotenvCli or options are missing.
+ */
+const readMergedOptions = (cmd) => {
+    // Climb to the true root
+    let root = cmd;
+    while (root.parent)
+        root = root.parent;
+    // Assert we ended at our host
+    if (!(root instanceof GetDotenvCli)) {
+        throw new Error('readMergedOptions: root command is not a GetDotenvCli.' +
+            'Ensure your CLI is constructed with GetDotenvCli.');
+    }
+    // Require passOptions() to have persisted the bag
+    const bag = root.getOptions();
+    if (!bag || typeof bag !== 'object') {
+        throw new Error('readMergedOptions: merged options are unavailable. ' +
+            'Call .passOptions() on the host before parsing.');
+    }
+    return bag;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Batch services (neutral): resolve command and shell settings.
+ * Shared by the generator path and the batch plugin to avoid circular deps.
+ */
+/**
+ * Resolve a command string from the {@link ScriptsTable} table.
+ * A script may be expressed as a string or an object with a `cmd` property.
+ *
+ * @param scripts - Optional scripts table.
+ * @param command - User-provided command name or string.
+ * @returns Resolved command string (falls back to the provided command).
+ */
+const resolveCommand = (scripts, command) => scripts && typeof scripts[command] === 'object'
+    ? scripts[command].cmd
+    : (scripts?.[command] ?? command);
+/**
+ * Resolve the shell setting for a given command:
+ * - If the script entry is an object, prefer its `shell` override.
+ * - Otherwise use the provided `shell` (string | boolean).
  *
- * Adapter responsibility: pure mapping; no business logic.
+ * @param scripts - Optional scripts table.
+ * @param command - User-provided command name or string.
+ * @param shell - Global shell preference (string | boolean).
  */
+const resolveShell = (scripts, command, shell) => scripts && typeof scripts[command] === 'object'
+    ? (scripts[command].shell ?? false)
+    : (shell ?? false);
+
 const dropUndefined = (bag) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(bag).filter((e) => typeof e[1] === 'string'));
-/** Build a sanitized env for child processes from base + overlay. */
+/**
+ * Build a sanitized environment object for spawning child processes.
+ * Merges `base` and `overlay`, drops undefined values, and handles platform-specific
+ * normalization (e.g. case-insensitivity on Windows).
+ *
+ * @param base - Base environment (usually `process.env`).
+ * @param overlay - Environment variables to overlay.
+ */
 const buildSpawnEnv = (base, overlay) => {
     const raw = {
         ...(base ?? {}),
@@ -380,6 +2450,10 @@ const globPaths = async ({ globs, logger, pkgCwd, rootPath, }) => {
     }
     return { absRootPath, paths };
 };
+/**
+ * Execute a batch of commands across multiple directories.
+ * Discovers targets via globs/rootPath and runs the command in each.
+ */
 const execShellCommandBatch = async ({ command, getDotenvCliOptions, dotenvEnv, globs, ignoreErrors, list, logger, pkgCwd, rootPath, shell, }) => {
     const capture = process.env.GETDOTENV_STDIO === 'pipe' ||
         Boolean(getDotenvCliOptions?.capture);
@@ -390,7 +2464,7 @@ const execShellCommandBatch = async ({ command, getDotenvCliOptions, dotenvEnv,
     }
     const { absRootPath, paths } = await globPaths({
         globs,
-        logger,
+        logger: logger,
         rootPath,
         // exactOptionalPropertyTypes: only include when defined
         ...(pkgCwd !== undefined ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
@@ -430,22 +2504,8 @@ const execShellCommandBatch = async ({ command, getDotenvCliOptions, dotenvEnv,
             const hasCmd = (typeof command === 'string' && command.length > 0) ||
                 (Array.isArray(command) && command.length > 0);
             if (hasCmd) {
-                // Compose child env overlay from dotenv (drop undefined) and merged options
-                const overlay = {};
-                if (dotenvEnv) {
-                    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(dotenvEnv)) {
-                        if (typeof v === 'string')
-                            overlay[k] = v;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (getDotenvCliOptions !== undefined) {
-                    try {
-                        overlay.getDotenvCliOptions = JSON.stringify(getDotenvCliOptions);
-                    }
-                    catch {
-                        // best-effort: omit if serialization fails
-                    }
-                }
+                // Compose child env overlay (dotenv + nested bag)
+                const overlay = composeNestedEnv(getDotenvCliOptions ?? {}, dotenvEnv ?? {});
                 await runCommand(command, shell, {
                     cwd: path,
                     env: buildSpawnEnv(process.env, overlay),
@@ -468,261 +2528,225 @@ const execShellCommandBatch = async ({ command, getDotenvCliOptions, dotenvEnv,
 };
 
 /**
- * Batch services (neutral): resolve command and shell settings.
- * Shared by the generator path and the batch plugin to avoid circular deps.
- */
-/**
- * Resolve a command string from the {@link Scripts} table.
- * A script may be expressed as a string or an object with a `cmd` property.
- *
- * @param scripts - Optional scripts table.
- * @param command - User-provided command name or string.
- * @returns Resolved command string (falls back to the provided command).
- */
-const resolveCommand = (scripts, command) => scripts && typeof scripts[command] === 'object'
-    ? scripts[command].cmd
-    : (scripts?.[command] ?? command);
-/**
- * Resolve the shell setting for a given command:
- * - If the script entry is an object, prefer its `shell` override.
- * - Otherwise use the provided `shell` (string | boolean).
- *
- * @param scripts - Optional scripts table.
- * @param command - User-provided command name or string.
- * @param shell - Global shell preference (string | boolean).
+ * Attach the default "cmd" subcommand action with contextual typing.
  */
-const resolveShell = (scripts, command, shell) => scripts && typeof scripts[command] === 'object'
-    ? (scripts[command].shell ?? false)
-    : (shell ?? false);
+const attachDefaultCmdAction = (plugin, cli, batchCmd, pluginOpts, cmd) => {
+    cmd.action(async (commandParts, _subOpts, thisCommand) => {
+        const mergedBag = readMergedOptions(batchCmd);
+        const logger = mergedBag.logger;
+        // Guard: when invoked without positional args (e.g., `batch --list`), defer to parent.
+        const args = commandParts.map(String);
+        // Access merged per-plugin config from host context (if any).
+        const cfg = plugin.readConfig(cli);
+        const dotenvEnv = cli.getCtx().dotenv;
+        // Resolve batch flags from the parent (batch) command.
+        const gSrc = (() => {
+            // Safely retrieve merged parent flags (prefer optsWithGlobals when present)
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
+            // @ts-ignore - accessed reflectively; contextual typing supplied by Commander
+            const maybe = thisCommand.optsWithGlobals;
+            return typeof maybe === 'function' ? maybe.call(thisCommand) : {};
+        })();
+        const g = gSrc;
+        const ignoreErrors = Boolean(g.ignoreErrors);
+        const globs = typeof g.globs === 'string'
+            ? g.globs
+            : typeof cfg.globs === 'string'
+                ? cfg.globs
+                : '*';
+        const pkgCwd = g.pkgCwd !== undefined ? g.pkgCwd : Boolean(cfg.pkgCwd);
+        const rootPath = typeof g.rootPath === 'string'
+            ? g.rootPath
+            : typeof cfg.rootPath === 'string'
+                ? cfg.rootPath
+                : './';
+        // Resolve scripts/shell with precedence:
+        // plugin opts → plugin config → merged root CLI options
+        const scripts = pluginOpts.scripts ?? cfg.scripts ?? mergedBag.scripts ?? undefined;
+        const shell = pluginOpts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? mergedBag.shell;
+        // If no positional args were given, bridge to --command/--list paths here.
+        if (args.length === 0) {
+            const commandOpt = typeof g.command === 'string' ? g.command : undefined;
+            if (typeof commandOpt === 'string') {
+                await execShellCommandBatch({
+                    command: resolveCommand(scripts, commandOpt),
+                    dotenvEnv,
+                    globs,
+                    ignoreErrors,
+                    list: false,
+                    logger,
+                    ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
+                    rootPath,
+                    shell: resolveShell(scripts, commandOpt, shell),
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+            if (g.list) {
+                // Resolve shell fallback to a concrete value (never undefined)
+                const rootShell = mergedBag.shell;
+                const listShell = shell !== undefined
+                    ? shell
+                    : rootShell !== undefined
+                        ? rootShell
+                        : false;
+                await execShellCommandBatch({
+                    globs,
+                    ignoreErrors,
+                    list: true,
+                    logger,
+                    ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
+                    rootPath,
+                    shell: listShell,
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+            {
+                logger.error('No command provided. Use --command or --list.');
+            }
+            process.exit(0);
+        }
+        // Note: Local "-l/--list" tokens are no longer interpreted here.
+        // List-only mode must be requested via the parent flag ("batch -l ...").
+        // Join positional args as the command to execute.
+        const input = args.map(String).join(' ');
+        // Optional: round-trip parent merged options if present (shipped CLI).
+        const envBag = batchCmd.parent?.getDotenvCliOptions;
+        const scriptsExec = scripts ?? mergedBag.scripts ?? undefined;
+        const shellExec = shell ?? mergedBag.shell;
+        const resolved = resolveCommand(scriptsExec, input);
+        const shellSetting = resolveShell(scriptsExec, input, shellExec);
+        // Preserve argv array only for shell-off Node -e snippets to avoid
+        // lossy re-tokenization (Windows/PowerShell quoting). For simple
+        // commands (e.g., "echo OK") keep string form to satisfy unit tests.
+        let commandArg = resolved;
+        if (shellSetting === false && resolved === input) {
+            const preserved = maybePreserveNodeEvalArgv(args);
+            if (preserved !== args)
+                commandArg = preserved;
+        }
+        await execShellCommandBatch({
+            command: commandArg,
+            dotenvEnv,
+            ...(envBag ? { getDotenvCliOptions: envBag } : {}),
+            globs,
+            ignoreErrors,
+            list: false,
+            logger,
+            ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
+            rootPath,
+            shell: shellSetting,
+        });
+    });
+};
 
 /**
- * Build the default "cmd" subcommand action for the batch plugin.
- * Mirrors the original inline implementation with identical behavior.
- */
-const buildDefaultCmdAction = (plugin, cli, batchCmd, opts) => async (commandParts, _subOpts, _thisCommand) => {
-    const loggerLocal = opts.logger ?? console;
-    // Guard: when invoked without positional args (e.g., `batch --list`),
-    // defer entirely to the parent action handler.
-    const argsRaw = Array.isArray(commandParts)
-        ? commandParts
-        : [];
-    const localList = argsRaw.includes('-l') || argsRaw.includes('--list');
-    const args = localList
-        ? argsRaw.filter((t) => t !== '-l' && t !== '--list')
-        : argsRaw;
-    // Access merged per-plugin config from host context (if any).
-    const cfg = plugin.readConfig(cli);
-    const dotenvEnv = (cli.getCtx()?.dotenv ?? {});
-    // Resolve batch flags from the captured parent (batch) command.
-    const raw = batchCmd.opts();
-    const listFromParent = !!raw.list;
-    const ignoreErrors = !!raw.ignoreErrors;
-    const globs = typeof raw.globs === 'string' ? raw.globs : (cfg.globs ?? '*');
-    const pkgCwd = raw.pkgCwd !== undefined ? !!raw.pkgCwd : !!cfg.pkgCwd;
-    const rootPath = typeof raw.rootPath === 'string' ? raw.rootPath : (cfg.rootPath ?? './');
-    // Resolve scripts/shell with precedence:
-    // plugin opts → plugin config → merged root CLI options
-    const mergedBag = ((batchCmd.parent ?? null)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-    const scripts = opts.scripts ?? cfg.scripts ?? mergedBag.scripts;
-    const shell = opts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? mergedBag.shell;
-    // If no positional args were given, bridge to --command/--list paths here.
-    if (args.length === 0) {
-        const commandOpt = typeof raw.command === 'string' ? raw.command : undefined;
-        if (typeof commandOpt === 'string') {
+ * Attach the parent-level action for the batch plugin.
+ * Handles parent flags (e.g. `getdotenv batch -l`) and delegates to the batch executor.
+ */
+const attachParentInvoker = (plugin, cli, pluginOpts, parent) => {
+    parent.action(async function (...args) {
+        // Commander Unknown generics: [...unknown[], OptionValues, thisCommand]
+        const thisCommand = args[args.length - 1];
+        const opts = args.length >= 2
+            ? args[args.length - 2]
+            : {};
+        // Read merged root options once and reuse across all code paths.
+        const merged = readMergedOptions(thisCommand);
+        const logger = merged.logger;
+        // Ensure context exists (host preSubcommand on root creates if missing).
+        const dotenvEnv = cli.getCtx().dotenv;
+        const cfg = plugin.readConfig(cli);
+        const commandOpt = typeof opts.command === 'string' ? opts.command : undefined;
+        const ignoreErrors = Boolean(opts.ignoreErrors);
+        let globs = typeof opts.globs === 'string' ? opts.globs : (cfg.globs ?? '*');
+        const list = Boolean(opts.list);
+        const pkgCwd = opts.pkgCwd !== undefined ? opts.pkgCwd : Boolean(cfg.pkgCwd);
+        const rootPath = typeof opts.rootPath === 'string'
+            ? opts.rootPath
+            : (cfg.rootPath ?? './');
+        // Treat parent positional tokens as the command when no explicit 'cmd' is used.
+        const argsParent = (Array.isArray(args[0]) ? args[0] : []).map(String);
+        // Root-merged bag for nested forwarding (single read above).
+        const mergedBag = merged;
+        if (argsParent.length > 0 && !list) {
+            const input = argsParent.join(' ');
+            const scriptsAll = pluginOpts.scripts ?? cfg.scripts ?? merged.scripts ?? undefined;
+            const shellAll = pluginOpts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? merged.shell;
+            const resolved = resolveCommand(scriptsAll, input);
+            const shellSetting = resolveShell(scriptsAll, input, shellAll);
+            // Parent path: pass a string; executor handles shell-specific details.
+            const commandArg = resolved;
             await execShellCommandBatch({
-                command: resolveCommand(scripts, commandOpt),
+                command: commandArg,
                 dotenvEnv,
                 globs,
                 ignoreErrors,
                 list: false,
-                logger: loggerLocal,
+                logger,
                 ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
                 rootPath,
-                shell: resolveShell(scripts, commandOpt, shell),
+                shell: shellSetting,
+                getDotenvCliOptions: mergedBag,
             });
             return;
         }
-        if (raw.list || localList) {
-            const shellBag = ((batchCmd.parent ?? undefined)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
+        // List-only (parent flag): merge extra positional tokens into globs when no --command is present.
+        if (list && !commandOpt) {
+            const extra = argsParent.join(' ').trim();
+            if (extra.length > 0)
+                globs = [globs, extra].filter(Boolean).join(' ');
+            const shellMerged = pluginOpts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? merged.shell ?? false;
             await execShellCommandBatch({
                 globs,
                 ignoreErrors,
                 list: true,
-                logger: loggerLocal,
+                logger,
                 ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
                 rootPath,
-                shell: shell ?? shellBag.shell ?? false,
+                shell: shellMerged,
+                getDotenvCliOptions: mergedBag,
             });
             return;
         }
-        {
-            const lr = loggerLocal;
-            const emit = lr.error ?? lr.log;
-            emit(`No command provided. Use --command or --list.`);
+        if (!commandOpt && !list) {
+            logger.error(`No command provided. Use --command or --list.`);
+            process.exit(0);
         }
-        process.exit(0);
-    }
-    // If a local list flag was supplied with positional tokens (and no --command),
-    // treat tokens as additional globs and execute list mode.
-    if (localList && typeof raw.command !== 'string') {
-        const extraGlobs = args.map(String).join(' ').trim();
-        const mergedGlobs = [globs, extraGlobs].filter(Boolean).join(' ');
-        const shellBag = ((batchCmd.parent ?? undefined)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-        await execShellCommandBatch({
-            globs: mergedGlobs,
-            ignoreErrors,
-            list: true,
-            logger: loggerLocal,
-            ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
-            rootPath,
-            shell: shell ?? shellBag.shell ?? false,
-        });
-        return;
-    }
-    // If parent list flag is set and positional tokens are present (and no --command),
-    // treat tokens as additional globs for list-only mode.
-    if (listFromParent && args.length > 0 && typeof raw.command !== 'string') {
-        const extra = args.map(String).join(' ').trim();
-        const mergedGlobs = [globs, extra].filter(Boolean).join(' ');
-        const mergedBag2 = ((batchCmd.parent ?? undefined)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-        await execShellCommandBatch({
-            globs: mergedGlobs,
-            ignoreErrors,
-            list: true,
-            logger: loggerLocal,
-            ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
-            rootPath,
-            shell: (shell ?? mergedBag2.shell ?? false),
-        });
-        return;
-    }
-    // Join positional args as the command to execute.
-    const input = args.map(String).join(' ');
-    // Optional: round-trip parent merged options if present (shipped CLI).
-    const envBag = (batchCmd.parent ?? undefined)?.getDotenvCliOptions;
-    const mergedExec = ((batchCmd.parent ?? undefined)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-    const scriptsExec = scripts ?? mergedExec.scripts;
-    const shellExec = shell ?? mergedExec.shell;
-    const resolved = resolveCommand(scriptsExec, input);
-    const shellSetting = resolveShell(scriptsExec, input, shellExec);
-    // Preserve argv array only for shell-off Node -e snippets to avoid
-    // lossy re-tokenization (Windows/PowerShell quoting). For simple
-    // commands (e.g., "echo OK") keep string form to satisfy unit tests.
-    let commandArg = resolved;
-    if (shellSetting === false && resolved === input) {
-        const first = (args[0] ?? '').toLowerCase();
-        const hasEval = args.includes('-e') || args.includes('--eval');
-        if (first === 'node' && hasEval) {
-            commandArg = args.map(String);
+        if (typeof commandOpt === 'string') {
+            const scriptsOpt = pluginOpts.scripts ?? cfg.scripts ?? merged.scripts ?? undefined;
+            const shellOpt = pluginOpts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? merged.shell;
+            await execShellCommandBatch({
+                command: resolveCommand(scriptsOpt, commandOpt),
+                dotenvEnv,
+                globs,
+                ignoreErrors,
+                list,
+                logger,
+                ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
+                rootPath,
+                shell: resolveShell(scriptsOpt, commandOpt, shellOpt),
+                getDotenvCliOptions: mergedBag,
+            });
+            return;
         }
-    }
-    await execShellCommandBatch({
-        command: commandArg,
-        dotenvEnv,
-        ...(envBag ? { getDotenvCliOptions: envBag } : {}),
-        globs,
-        ignoreErrors,
-        list: false,
-        logger: loggerLocal,
-        ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
-        rootPath,
-        shell: shellSetting,
-    });
-};
-
-/**
- * Build the parent "batch" action handler (no explicit subcommand).
- */
-const buildParentAction = (plugin, cli, opts) => async (commandParts, thisCommand) => {
-    const loggerLocal = opts.logger ?? console;
-    // Ensure context exists (host preSubcommand on root creates if missing).
-    const dotenvEnv = (cli.getCtx()?.dotenv ?? {});
-    const cfg = plugin.readConfig(cli);
-    const raw = thisCommand.opts();
-    const commandOpt = typeof raw.command === 'string' ? raw.command : undefined;
-    const ignoreErrors = !!raw.ignoreErrors;
-    let globs = typeof raw.globs === 'string' ? raw.globs : (cfg.globs ?? '*');
-    const list = !!raw.list;
-    const pkgCwd = raw.pkgCwd !== undefined ? !!raw.pkgCwd : !!cfg.pkgCwd;
-    const rootPath = typeof raw.rootPath === 'string' ? raw.rootPath : (cfg.rootPath ?? './');
-    // Treat parent positional tokens as the command when no explicit 'cmd' is used.
-    const argsParent = Array.isArray(commandParts) ? commandParts : [];
-    if (argsParent.length > 0 && !list) {
-        const input = argsParent.map(String).join(' ');
-        const mergedBag = ((thisCommand.parent ?? null)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-        const scriptsAll = opts.scripts ?? cfg.scripts ?? mergedBag.scripts;
-        const shellAll = opts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? mergedBag.shell;
-        const resolved = resolveCommand(scriptsAll, input);
-        const shellSetting = resolveShell(scriptsAll, input, shellAll);
-        // Parent path: pass a string; executor handles shell-specific details.
-        const commandArg = resolved;
-        await execShellCommandBatch({
-            command: commandArg,
-            dotenvEnv,
-            globs,
-            ignoreErrors,
-            list: false,
-            logger: loggerLocal,
-            ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
-            rootPath,
-            shell: shellSetting,
-        });
-        return;
-    }
-    // List-only: merge extra positional tokens into globs when no --command is present.
-    if (list && argsParent.length > 0 && !commandOpt) {
-        const extra = argsParent.map(String).join(' ').trim();
-        if (extra.length > 0)
-            globs = [globs, extra].filter(Boolean).join(' ');
-        const mergedBag = ((thisCommand.parent ?? null)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-        const shellMerged = opts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? mergedBag.shell ?? false;
+        // list only (explicit --list without --command)
+        const shellOnly = pluginOpts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? merged.shell ?? false;
         await execShellCommandBatch({
             globs,
             ignoreErrors,
             list: true,
-            logger: loggerLocal,
-            ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
-            rootPath,
-            shell: shellMerged,
-        });
-        return;
-    }
-    if (!commandOpt && !list) {
-        loggerLocal.error(`No command provided. Use --command or --list.`);
-        process.exit(0);
-    }
-    if (typeof commandOpt === 'string') {
-        const mergedBag = ((thisCommand.parent ?? null)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-        const scriptsOpt = opts.scripts ?? cfg.scripts ?? mergedBag.scripts;
-        const shellOpt = opts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? mergedBag.shell;
-        await execShellCommandBatch({
-            command: resolveCommand(scriptsOpt, commandOpt),
-            dotenvEnv,
-            globs,
-            ignoreErrors,
-            list,
-            logger: loggerLocal,
+            logger,
             ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
             rootPath,
-            shell: resolveShell(scriptsOpt, commandOpt, shellOpt),
+            shell: shellOnly,
+            getDotenvCliOptions: mergedBag,
         });
-        return;
-    }
-    // list only (explicit --list without --command)
-    const mergedBag = ((thisCommand.parent ?? null)?.getDotenvCliOptions ?? {});
-    const shellOnly = opts.shell ?? cfg.shell ?? mergedBag.shell ?? false;
-    await execShellCommandBatch({
-        globs,
-        ignoreErrors,
-        list: true,
-        logger: loggerLocal,
-        ...(pkgCwd ? { pkgCwd } : {}),
-        rootPath,
-        shell: shellOnly,
     });
 };
 
-// Per-plugin config schema (optional fields; used as defaults).
+/**
+ * Zod schema for a single script entry (string or object).
+ */
 const ScriptSchema = z.union([
     z.string(),
     z.object({
@@ -730,6 +2754,9 @@ const ScriptSchema = z.union([
         shell: z.union([z.string(), z.boolean()]).optional(),
     }),
 ]);
+/**
+ * Zod schema for batch plugin configuration.
+ */
 const BatchConfigSchema = z.object({
     scripts: z.record(z.string(), ScriptSchema).optional(),
     shell: z.union([z.string(), z.boolean()]).optional(),
@@ -738,26 +2765,30 @@ const BatchConfigSchema = z.object({
     pkgCwd: z.boolean().optional(),
 });
 
+/**
+ * @packageDocumentation
+ * Batch plugin subpath. Provides the `batch` command for executing a command
+ * across multiple working directories using glob discovery, with optional list
+ * mode and script‑aware shell resolution.
+ */
 /**
  * Batch plugin for the GetDotenv CLI host.
  *
  * Mirrors the legacy batch subcommand behavior without altering the shipped CLI.
  * Options:
  * - scripts/shell: used to resolve command and shell behavior per script or global default.
- * - logger: defaults to console.
  */
 const batchPlugin = (opts = {}) => {
     const plugin = definePlugin({
-        id: 'batch',
+        ns: 'batch',
         // Host validates this when config-loader is enabled; plugins may also
         // re-validate at action time as a safety belt.
         configSchema: BatchConfigSchema,
         setup(cli) {
-            const ns = cli.ns('batch');
-            const batchCmd = ns; // capture the parent "batch" command for default-subcommand context
-            const pluginId = 'batch';
-            const GROUP = `plugin:${pluginId}`;
-            ns.description('Batch command execution across multiple working directories.')
+            const batchCmd = cli; // mount provided by host
+            const GROUP = `plugin:${cli.name()}`;
+            batchCmd
+                .description('Batch command execution across multiple working directories.')
                 .enablePositionalOptions()
                 .passThroughOptions()
                 // Dynamic help: show effective defaults from the merged/interpolated plugin config slice.
@@ -779,15 +2810,19 @@ const batchPlugin = (opts = {}) => {
                 .option('-c, --command <string>', 'command executed according to the base shell resolution')
                 .option('-l, --list', 'list working directories without executing command')
                 .option('-e, --ignore-errors', 'ignore errors and continue with next path')
-                .argument('[command...]')
-                .addCommand(new Command()
+                .argument('[command...]');
+            // Default subcommand "cmd" with contextual typing for args/opts
+            const cmdSub = new Command()
                 .name('cmd')
                 .description('execute command, conflicts with --command option (default subcommand)')
                 .enablePositionalOptions()
                 .passThroughOptions()
-                .argument('[command...]')
-                .action(buildDefaultCmdAction(plugin, cli, batchCmd, opts)), { isDefault: true })
-                .action(buildParentAction(plugin, cli, opts));
+                .argument('[command...]');
+            attachDefaultCmdAction(plugin, cli, batchCmd, opts, cmdSub);
+            batchCmd.addCommand(cmdSub, { isDefault: true });
+            // Parent invoker (unified naming)
+            attachParentInvoker(plugin, cli, opts, batchCmd);
+            return undefined;
         },
     });
     return plugin;