@k2works/claude-code-booster 4.7.0 → 4.8.0

package/lib/assets/docs/article/functional-desgin-ppp/haskell/17-video-rental-system.md

@@ -1,244 +1,244 @@
-# 第17章: レンタルビデオシステム
-
-## はじめに
-
-本章では、Martin Fowler の「リファクタリング」で有名なレンタルビデオシステムを題材に、関数型プログラミングによる料金計算ロジックの設計を学びます。
-
-この問題を通じて以下の概念を学びます：
-
-- ADT によるカテゴリ別ポリシーパターン
-- 明細書フォーマッターの実装
-- データと処理の分離
-
-## 1. ドメインモデル
-
-### 映画のカテゴリ
-
-レンタルビデオシステムでは、以下の3種類の映画カテゴリをサポートします：
-
-- **通常（Regular）**: 2日まで$2.0、以降1日ごとに$1.5追加
-- **新作（New Release）**: 1日ごとに$3.0
-- **子供向け（Children's）**: 3日まで$1.5、以降1日ごとに$1.5追加
-
-## 2. 型定義
-
-### 映画とカテゴリ
-
-```haskell
--- | Movie category determines pricing rules
-data Category
-  = Regular       -- ^ 2 days for $2, then $1.5/day
-  | NewRelease    -- ^ $3/day
-  | Childrens     -- ^ 3 days for $1.5, then $1.5/day
-  deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | A movie with title and category
-data Movie = Movie
-  { movieTitle :: String
-  , movieCategory :: Category
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-```
-
-### 映画作成のヘルパー
-
-```haskell
--- | Create a movie
-makeMovie :: String -> Category -> Movie
-makeMovie = Movie
-
--- | Create a regular movie
-makeRegular :: String -> Movie
-makeRegular title = makeMovie title Regular
-
--- | Create a new release movie
-makeNewRelease :: String -> Movie
-makeNewRelease title = makeMovie title NewRelease
-
--- | Create a children's movie
-makeChildrens :: String -> Movie
-makeChildrens title = makeMovie title Childrens
-```
-
-### レンタル
-
-```haskell
--- | A rental of a movie for a number of days
-data Rental = Rental
-  { rentalMovie :: Movie
-  , rentalDays :: Int
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Create a rental
-makeRental :: Movie -> Int -> Rental
-makeRental = Rental
-```
-
-## 3. 料金計算
-
-### パターンマッチングによる料金計算
-
-```haskell
--- | Calculate the rental amount based on movie category and days
-calculateAmount :: Rental -> Double
-calculateAmount rental = case movieCategory (rentalMovie rental) of
-  Regular ->
-    if days > 2
-    then 2.0 + fromIntegral (days - 2) * 1.5
-    else 2.0
-  
-  NewRelease ->
-    fromIntegral days * 3.0
-  
-  Childrens ->
-    if days > 3
-    then 1.5 + fromIntegral (days - 3) * 1.5
-    else 1.5
-  where
-    days = rentalDays rental
-```
-
-### ポイント計算
-
-```haskell
--- | Calculate frequent renter points
-calculatePoints :: Rental -> Int
-calculatePoints rental = case movieCategory (rentalMovie rental) of
-  NewRelease -> if rentalDays rental > 1 then 2 else 1
-  _ -> 1
-```
-
-## 4. 顧客モデル
-
-```haskell
--- | A customer with name and rentals
-data Customer = Customer
-  { customerName :: String
-  , customerRentals :: [Rental]
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Create a customer with no rentals
-makeCustomer :: String -> Customer
-makeCustomer name = Customer name []
-
--- | Add a rental to a customer
-addRental :: Rental -> Customer -> Customer
-addRental rental customer = customer
-  { customerRentals = rental : customerRentals customer
-  }
-```
-
-### 集計関数
-
-```haskell
--- | Calculate total amount for all rentals
-totalAmount :: Customer -> Double
-totalAmount = sum . map calculateAmount . customerRentals
-
--- | Calculate total points for all rentals
-totalPoints :: Customer -> Int
-totalPoints = sum . map calculatePoints . customerRentals
-```
-
-## 5. 明細書フォーマッター
-
-### フォーマット種別
-
-```haskell
--- | Statement format
-data StatementFormat = TextFormat | HtmlFormat
-  deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Generate a rental statement in the specified format
-generateStatement :: StatementFormat -> Customer -> String
-generateStatement format = case format of
-  TextFormat -> generateTextStatement
-  HtmlFormat -> generateHtmlStatement
-```
-
-### テキストフォーマット
-
-```haskell
--- | Generate a plain text statement
-generateTextStatement :: Customer -> String
-generateTextStatement customer = unlines
-  [ "Rental Record for " ++ customerName customer
-  , ""
-  ] ++ rentalLines ++ unlines
-  [ ""
-  , "Amount owed is " ++ show (totalAmount customer)
-  , "You earned " ++ show (totalPoints customer) ++ " frequent renter points"
-  ]
-  where
-    rentalLines = unlines $ map formatRentalLine (customerRentals customer)
-    formatRentalLine rental = 
-      "\t" ++ movieTitle (rentalMovie rental) ++ "\t" ++ show (calculateAmount rental)
-```
-
-### HTML フォーマット
-
-```haskell
--- | Generate an HTML statement
-generateHtmlStatement :: Customer -> String
-generateHtmlStatement customer = unlines
-  [ "<html>"
-  , "<head><title>Rental Statement</title></head>"
-  , "<body>"
-  , "<h1>Rental Record for " ++ customerName customer ++ "</h1>"
-  , "<table>"
-  , "<tr><th>Movie</th><th>Amount</th></tr>"
-  ] ++ rentalRows ++ unlines
-  [ "</table>"
-  , "<p>Amount owed is <strong>" ++ show (totalAmount customer) ++ "</strong></p>"
-  , "<p>You earned <strong>" ++ show (totalPoints customer) 
-    ++ "</strong> frequent renter points</p>"
-  , "</body>"
-  , "</html>"
-  ]
-  where
-    rentalRows = unlines $ map formatRentalRow (customerRentals customer)
-    formatRentalRow rental =
-      "<tr><td>" ++ movieTitle (rentalMovie rental) 
-      ++ "</td><td>" ++ show (calculateAmount rental) ++ "</td></tr>"
-```
-
-## 6. テスト
-
-```haskell
-describe "calculateAmount" $ do
-  it "charges $2 for 1-2 day regular rental" $ do
-    let rental = makeRental (makeRegular "Test") 2
-    calculateAmount rental `shouldBe` 2.0
-  
-  it "charges extra for regular rental over 2 days" $ do
-    let rental = makeRental (makeRegular "Test") 5
-    -- 2 + 3 * 1.5 = 6.5
-    calculateAmount rental `shouldBe` 6.5
-  
-  it "charges $3/day for new release" $ do
-    let rental = makeRental (makeNewRelease "Test") 5
-    calculateAmount rental `shouldBe` 15.0
-
-describe "calculatePoints" $ do
-  it "earns bonus points for new release over 1 day" $ do
-    let rental = makeRental (makeNewRelease "Test") 2
-    calculatePoints rental `shouldBe` 2
-
-describe "generateStatement" $ do
-  it "generates correct text statement" $ do
-    let customer = addRental (makeRental (makeRegular "The Matrix") 3)
-                 $ makeCustomer "John"
-    let statement = generateTextStatement customer
-    statement `shouldContain` "Rental Record for John"
-    statement `shouldContain` "The Matrix"
-```
-
-## まとめ
-
-レンタルビデオシステムの Haskell 実装のポイント：
-
-1. **ADT でカテゴリを表現**: `Category` 型でビジネスルールを型に埋め込む
-2. **パターンマッチングで料金計算**: 各カテゴリの計算ルールを明示的に記述
-3. **不変データ構造**: `addRental` は新しい `Customer` を返す
-4. **関数合成で集計**: `totalAmount = sum . map calculateAmount . customerRentals`
-5. **フォーマッター分離**: ビジネスロジックと表示ロジックを分離
-6. **拡張性**: 新しいカテゴリやフォーマットを追加しやすい設計
+# 第17章: レンタルビデオシステム
+
+## はじめに
+
+本章では、Martin Fowler の「リファクタリング」で有名なレンタルビデオシステムを題材に、関数型プログラミングによる料金計算ロジックの設計を学びます。
+
+この問題を通じて以下の概念を学びます：
+
+- ADT によるカテゴリ別ポリシーパターン
+- 明細書フォーマッターの実装
+- データと処理の分離
+
+## 1. ドメインモデル
+
+### 映画のカテゴリ
+
+レンタルビデオシステムでは、以下の3種類の映画カテゴリをサポートします：
+
+- **通常（Regular）**: 2日まで$2.0、以降1日ごとに$1.5追加
+- **新作（New Release）**: 1日ごとに$3.0
+- **子供向け（Children's）**: 3日まで$1.5、以降1日ごとに$1.5追加
+
+## 2. 型定義
+
+### 映画とカテゴリ
+
+```haskell
+-- | Movie category determines pricing rules
+data Category
+  = Regular       -- ^ 2 days for $2, then $1.5/day
+  | NewRelease    -- ^ $3/day
+  | Childrens     -- ^ 3 days for $1.5, then $1.5/day
+  deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | A movie with title and category
+data Movie = Movie
+  { movieTitle :: String
+  , movieCategory :: Category
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+```
+
+### 映画作成のヘルパー
+
+```haskell
+-- | Create a movie
+makeMovie :: String -> Category -> Movie
+makeMovie = Movie
+
+-- | Create a regular movie
+makeRegular :: String -> Movie
+makeRegular title = makeMovie title Regular
+
+-- | Create a new release movie
+makeNewRelease :: String -> Movie
+makeNewRelease title = makeMovie title NewRelease
+
+-- | Create a children's movie
+makeChildrens :: String -> Movie
+makeChildrens title = makeMovie title Childrens
+```
+
+### レンタル
+
+```haskell
+-- | A rental of a movie for a number of days
+data Rental = Rental
+  { rentalMovie :: Movie
+  , rentalDays :: Int
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Create a rental
+makeRental :: Movie -> Int -> Rental
+makeRental = Rental
+```
+
+## 3. 料金計算
+
+### パターンマッチングによる料金計算
+
+```haskell
+-- | Calculate the rental amount based on movie category and days
+calculateAmount :: Rental -> Double
+calculateAmount rental = case movieCategory (rentalMovie rental) of
+  Regular ->
+    if days > 2
+    then 2.0 + fromIntegral (days - 2) * 1.5
+    else 2.0
+  
+  NewRelease ->
+    fromIntegral days * 3.0
+  
+  Childrens ->
+    if days > 3
+    then 1.5 + fromIntegral (days - 3) * 1.5
+    else 1.5
+  where
+    days = rentalDays rental
+```
+
+### ポイント計算
+
+```haskell
+-- | Calculate frequent renter points
+calculatePoints :: Rental -> Int
+calculatePoints rental = case movieCategory (rentalMovie rental) of
+  NewRelease -> if rentalDays rental > 1 then 2 else 1
+  _ -> 1
+```
+
+## 4. 顧客モデル
+
+```haskell
+-- | A customer with name and rentals
+data Customer = Customer
+  { customerName :: String
+  , customerRentals :: [Rental]
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Create a customer with no rentals
+makeCustomer :: String -> Customer
+makeCustomer name = Customer name []
+
+-- | Add a rental to a customer
+addRental :: Rental -> Customer -> Customer
+addRental rental customer = customer
+  { customerRentals = rental : customerRentals customer
+  }
+```
+
+### 集計関数
+
+```haskell
+-- | Calculate total amount for all rentals
+totalAmount :: Customer -> Double
+totalAmount = sum . map calculateAmount . customerRentals
+
+-- | Calculate total points for all rentals
+totalPoints :: Customer -> Int
+totalPoints = sum . map calculatePoints . customerRentals
+```
+
+## 5. 明細書フォーマッター
+
+### フォーマット種別
+
+```haskell
+-- | Statement format
+data StatementFormat = TextFormat | HtmlFormat
+  deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Generate a rental statement in the specified format
+generateStatement :: StatementFormat -> Customer -> String
+generateStatement format = case format of
+  TextFormat -> generateTextStatement
+  HtmlFormat -> generateHtmlStatement
+```
+
+### テキストフォーマット
+
+```haskell
+-- | Generate a plain text statement
+generateTextStatement :: Customer -> String
+generateTextStatement customer = unlines
+  [ "Rental Record for " ++ customerName customer
+  , ""
+  ] ++ rentalLines ++ unlines
+  [ ""
+  , "Amount owed is " ++ show (totalAmount customer)
+  , "You earned " ++ show (totalPoints customer) ++ " frequent renter points"
+  ]
+  where
+    rentalLines = unlines $ map formatRentalLine (customerRentals customer)
+    formatRentalLine rental = 
+      "\t" ++ movieTitle (rentalMovie rental) ++ "\t" ++ show (calculateAmount rental)
+```
+
+### HTML フォーマット
+
+```haskell
+-- | Generate an HTML statement
+generateHtmlStatement :: Customer -> String
+generateHtmlStatement customer = unlines
+  [ "<html>"
+  , "<head><title>Rental Statement</title></head>"
+  , "<body>"
+  , "<h1>Rental Record for " ++ customerName customer ++ "</h1>"
+  , "<table>"
+  , "<tr><th>Movie</th><th>Amount</th></tr>"
+  ] ++ rentalRows ++ unlines
+  [ "</table>"
+  , "<p>Amount owed is <strong>" ++ show (totalAmount customer) ++ "</strong></p>"
+  , "<p>You earned <strong>" ++ show (totalPoints customer) 
+    ++ "</strong> frequent renter points</p>"
+  , "</body>"
+  , "</html>"
+  ]
+  where
+    rentalRows = unlines $ map formatRentalRow (customerRentals customer)
+    formatRentalRow rental =
+      "<tr><td>" ++ movieTitle (rentalMovie rental) 
+      ++ "</td><td>" ++ show (calculateAmount rental) ++ "</td></tr>"
+```
+
+## 6. テスト
+
+```haskell
+describe "calculateAmount" $ do
+  it "charges $2 for 1-2 day regular rental" $ do
+    let rental = makeRental (makeRegular "Test") 2
+    calculateAmount rental `shouldBe` 2.0
+  
+  it "charges extra for regular rental over 2 days" $ do
+    let rental = makeRental (makeRegular "Test") 5
+    -- 2 + 3 * 1.5 = 6.5
+    calculateAmount rental `shouldBe` 6.5
+  
+  it "charges $3/day for new release" $ do
+    let rental = makeRental (makeNewRelease "Test") 5
+    calculateAmount rental `shouldBe` 15.0
+
+describe "calculatePoints" $ do
+  it "earns bonus points for new release over 1 day" $ do
+    let rental = makeRental (makeNewRelease "Test") 2
+    calculatePoints rental `shouldBe` 2
+
+describe "generateStatement" $ do
+  it "generates correct text statement" $ do
+    let customer = addRental (makeRental (makeRegular "The Matrix") 3)
+                 $ makeCustomer "John"
+    let statement = generateTextStatement customer
+    statement `shouldContain` "Rental Record for John"
+    statement `shouldContain` "The Matrix"
+```
+
+## まとめ
+
+レンタルビデオシステムの Haskell 実装のポイント：
+
+1. **ADT でカテゴリを表現**: `Category` 型でビジネスルールを型に埋め込む
+2. **パターンマッチングで料金計算**: 各カテゴリの計算ルールを明示的に記述
+3. **不変データ構造**: `addRental` は新しい `Customer` を返す
+4. **関数合成で集計**: `totalAmount = sum . map calculateAmount . customerRentals`
+5. **フォーマッター分離**: ビジネスロジックと表示ロジックを分離
+6. **拡張性**: 新しいカテゴリやフォーマットを追加しやすい設計