@k2works/claude-code-booster 4.5.0 → 4.6.0

package/lib/assets/docs/article/functional-desgin-ppp/haskell/14-abstract-server-pattern.md

@@ -1,379 +1,379 @@
-# 第14章: Abstract Server パターン
-
-## はじめに
-
-Abstract Server パターンは、Dependency Inversion Principle（DIP）の適用例であり、高レベルモジュールが低レベルモジュールに依存せず、両者が抽象に依存するようにするパターンです。
-
-本章では、スイッチャブルインターフェース（Light, Fan, Motor）、リポジトリインターフェース、ロガーインターフェースを通じて Abstract Server パターンの実装を学びます。
-
-## 1. パターンの構造
-
-Abstract Server パターンは以下の要素で構成されます：
-
-- **Client**: 抽象インターフェースに依存するクライアント
-- **Abstract Server**: サーバーの抽象インターフェース
-- **Concrete Server**: 具体的なサーバーの実装
-
-```plantuml
-@startuml
-skinparam classAttributeIconSize 0
-
-class Client {
-  +useServer(s: Server)
-}
-
-interface Server {
-  +operation()
-}
-
-class ConcreteServerA {
-  +operation()
-}
-
-class ConcreteServerB {
-  +operation()
-}
-
-Client --> Server
-Server <|.. ConcreteServerA
-Server <|.. ConcreteServerB
-@enduml
-```
-
-## 2. Switchable インターフェース
-
-### 抽象サーバーの定義
-
-```haskell
--- | State of a switchable device
-data SwitchState = On | Off
-  deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Switchable interface (Abstract Server)
-class Switchable a where
-  turnOn :: a -> a
-  turnOff :: a -> a
-  isOn :: a -> Bool
-```
-
-### Light の実装
-
-```haskell
--- | Light device
-data Light = Light
-  { lightState :: SwitchState
-  , lightName :: String
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Create a light (off by default)
-makeLight :: String -> Light
-makeLight name = Light Off name
-
--- | Create a light that is on
-makeLightOn :: String -> Light
-makeLightOn name = Light On name
-
-instance Switchable Light where
-  turnOn light = light { lightState = On }
-  turnOff light = light { lightState = Off }
-  isOn light = lightState light == On
-```
-
-### Fan の実装
-
-```haskell
--- | Fan speed levels
-data FanSpeed = Low | Medium | High
-  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-
--- | Fan device
-data Fan = Fan
-  { fanState :: SwitchState
-  , fanSpeed :: FanSpeed
-  , fanName :: String
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Create a fan
-makeFan :: String -> Fan
-makeFan name = Fan Off Low name
-
--- | Set fan speed (only works when on)
-setFanSpeed :: FanSpeed -> Fan -> Fan
-setFanSpeed speed fan
-  | isOn fan = fan { fanSpeed = speed }
-  | otherwise = fan
-
-instance Switchable Fan where
-  turnOn fan = fan { fanState = On }
-  turnOff fan = fan { fanState = Off }
-  isOn fan = fanState fan == On
-```
-
-### Motor の実装
-
-```haskell
--- | Motor direction
-data MotorDirection = Forward | Reverse
-  deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Motor device
-data Motor = Motor
-  { motorState :: SwitchState
-  , motorDirection :: MotorDirection
-  , motorName :: String
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Create a motor
-makeMotor :: String -> Motor
-makeMotor name = Motor Off Forward name
-
--- | Reverse motor direction (only works when on)
-reverseMotor :: Motor -> Motor
-reverseMotor motor
-  | isOn motor = motor { motorDirection = flipDir (motorDirection motor) }
-  | otherwise = motor
-  where
-    flipDir Forward = Reverse
-    flipDir Reverse = Forward
-
-instance Switchable Motor where
-  turnOn motor = motor { motorState = On }
-  turnOff motor = motor { motorState = Off }
-  isOn motor = motorState motor == On
-```
-
-## 3. クライアントコード
-
-```haskell
--- | Engage a switch (turn on)
-engage :: Switchable a => a -> a
-engage = turnOn
-
--- | Disengage a switch (turn off)
-disengage :: Switchable a => a -> a
-disengage = turnOff
-
--- | Toggle a switch
-toggle :: Switchable a => a -> a
-toggle device
-  | isOn device = turnOff device
-  | otherwise = turnOn device
-
--- | Get switch status
-switchStatus :: Switchable a => a -> SwitchState
-switchStatus device
-  | isOn device = On
-  | otherwise = Off
-```
-
-## 4. Repository インターフェース
-
-### Associated Type を使用した定義
-
-```haskell
-{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
-
--- | Entity with ID
-class Entity a where
-  entityId :: a -> String
-  setEntityId :: String -> a -> a
-
--- | Repository interface (Abstract Server)
-class Repository r where
-  type Item r
-  findById :: r -> String -> Maybe (Item r)
-  findAll :: r -> [Item r]
-  save :: r -> Item r -> (r, Item r)
-  delete :: r -> String -> (r, Maybe (Item r))
-```
-
-### Memory Repository の実装
-
-```haskell
-import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
-
--- | In-memory repository
-data MemoryRepository a = MemoryRepository
-  { memData :: Map String a
-  , memNextId :: Int
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Create an empty memory repository
-makeMemoryRepo :: MemoryRepository a
-makeMemoryRepo = MemoryRepository Map.empty 1
-
-instance Entity a => Repository (MemoryRepository a) where
-  type Item (MemoryRepository a) = a
-  
-  findById repo idVal = Map.lookup idVal (memData repo)
-  
-  findAll repo = Map.elems (memData repo)
-  
-  save repo entity = 
-    let id' = entityId entity
-        newId = if null id' then show (memNextId repo) else id'
-        entity' = setEntityId newId entity
-        newData = Map.insert newId entity' (memData repo)
-        newNextId = if null id' then memNextId repo + 1 else memNextId repo
-    in (repo { memData = newData, memNextId = newNextId }, entity')
-  
-  delete repo idVal =
-    let entity = Map.lookup idVal (memData repo)
-        newData = Map.delete idVal (memData repo)
-    in (repo { memData = newData }, entity)
-```
-
-### Mock Repository の実装
-
-```haskell
--- | Mock repository for testing
-data MockRepository a = MockRepository
-  { mockData :: [a]
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
--- | Create a mock repository with predefined data
-makeMockRepo :: [a] -> MockRepository a
-makeMockRepo = MockRepository
-
-instance Entity a => Repository (MockRepository a) where
-  type Item (MockRepository a) = a
-  
-  findById repo idVal = 
-    case filter (\x -> entityId x == idVal) (mockData repo) of
-      (x:_) -> Just x
-      [] -> Nothing
-  
-  findAll repo = mockData repo
-  
-  save repo entity =
-    let id' = entityId entity
-        newId = if null id' then show (length (mockData repo) + 1) else id'
-        entity' = setEntityId newId entity
-        newData = mockData repo ++ [entity']
-    in (repo { mockData = newData }, entity')
-  
-  delete repo idVal =
-    let (deleted, remaining) = partition (\x -> entityId x == idVal) (mockData repo)
-    in (repo { mockData = remaining }, listToMaybe deleted)
-```
-
-## 5. サービス層
-
-```haskell
--- | User entity
-data User = User
-  { userId :: String
-  , userName :: String
-  , userEmail :: String
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
-instance Entity User where
-  entityId = userId
-  setEntityId idVal user = user { userId = idVal }
-
--- | Create a new user
-createUser :: (Repository r, Item r ~ User) => r -> String -> String -> (r, User)
-createUser repo name email = 
-  let user = User "" name email
-  in save repo user
-
--- | Get a user by ID
-getUser :: Repository r => r -> String -> Maybe (Item r)
-getUser = findById
-
--- | Get all users
-getAllUsers :: Repository r => r -> [Item r]
-getAllUsers = findAll
-
--- | Delete a user
-deleteUser :: Repository r => r -> String -> (r, Maybe (Item r))
-deleteUser = delete
-```
-
-## 6. Logger インターフェース
-
-```haskell
--- | Log levels
-data LogLevel = Debug | Info | Warning | Error
-  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-
--- | Logger interface (Abstract Server)
-class Logger l where
-  logMessage :: l -> LogLevel -> String -> (l, String)
-
--- | Console logger
-data ConsoleLogger = ConsoleLogger
-  { clMinLevel :: LogLevel
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
-instance Logger ConsoleLogger where
-  logMessage logger level msg
-    | level >= clMinLevel logger = 
-        let output = "[" ++ show level ++ "] " ++ msg
-        in (logger, output)
-    | otherwise = (logger, "")
-
--- | Null logger (discards all messages)
-data NullLogger = NullLogger
-  deriving (Show, Eq)
-
-instance Logger NullLogger where
-  logMessage logger _ _ = (logger, "")
-
--- | File logger (stores messages in a list)
-data FileLogger = FileLogger
-  { flPath :: String
-  , flMessages :: [String]
-  } deriving (Show, Eq)
-
-instance Logger FileLogger where
-  logMessage logger level msg =
-    let formatted = "[" ++ show level ++ "] " ++ msg
-        newMessages = flMessages logger ++ [formatted]
-    in (logger { flMessages = newMessages }, formatted)
-```
-
-## 7. テスト
-
-```haskell
-describe "Switchable" $ do
-  it "can toggle any switchable device" $ do
-    let light = toggle (makeLight "Test")
-        fan = toggle (makeFan "Test")
-    isOn light `shouldBe` True
-    isOn fan `shouldBe` True
-
-describe "Repository" $ do
-  it "works with memory repository" $ do
-    let repo = makeMemoryRepo :: MemoryRepository User
-        (repo', user) = createUser repo "John" "john@test.com"
-    getUser repo' (entityId user) `shouldBe` Just user
-  
-  it "works with mock repository" $ do
-    let user1 = User "1" "Alice" "alice@test.com"
-        repo = makeMockRepo [user1]
-    findById repo "1" `shouldBe` Just user1
-
-describe "Logger" $ do
-  it "console logger filters by level" $ do
-    let logger = ConsoleLogger Warning
-        (_, output1) = logMessage logger Info "Info"
-        (_, output2) = logMessage logger Error "Error"
-    output1 `shouldBe` ""
-    output2 `shouldBe` "[Error] Error"
-  
-  it "null logger discards all" $ do
-    let (_, output) = logMessage NullLogger Error "Error"
-    output `shouldBe` ""
-```
-
-## まとめ
-
-Abstract Server パターンの Haskell における実装のポイント：
-
-1. **型クラスによる抽象化**: インターフェースを型クラスで定義
-2. **Associated Types**: リポジトリのように関連する型がある場合は Associated Types を使用
-3. **多態的なクライアント**: クライアントコードは型クラス制約のみに依存
-4. **テスト容易性**: Mock 実装を使ってテストが容易
-5. **DIP の実現**: 高レベルモジュール（サービス層）が低レベルモジュール（リポジトリ実装）に依存しない
-6. **拡張性**: 新しい実装を追加しても既存コードに影響しない
+# 第14章: Abstract Server パターン
+
+## はじめに
+
+Abstract Server パターンは、Dependency Inversion Principle（DIP）の適用例であり、高レベルモジュールが低レベルモジュールに依存せず、両者が抽象に依存するようにするパターンです。
+
+本章では、スイッチャブルインターフェース（Light, Fan, Motor）、リポジトリインターフェース、ロガーインターフェースを通じて Abstract Server パターンの実装を学びます。
+
+## 1. パターンの構造
+
+Abstract Server パターンは以下の要素で構成されます：
+
+- **Client**: 抽象インターフェースに依存するクライアント
+- **Abstract Server**: サーバーの抽象インターフェース
+- **Concrete Server**: 具体的なサーバーの実装
+
+```plantuml
+@startuml
+skinparam classAttributeIconSize 0
+
+class Client {
+  +useServer(s: Server)
+}
+
+interface Server {
+  +operation()
+}
+
+class ConcreteServerA {
+  +operation()
+}
+
+class ConcreteServerB {
+  +operation()
+}
+
+Client --> Server
+Server <|.. ConcreteServerA
+Server <|.. ConcreteServerB
+@enduml
+```
+
+## 2. Switchable インターフェース
+
+### 抽象サーバーの定義
+
+```haskell
+-- | State of a switchable device
+data SwitchState = On | Off
+  deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Switchable interface (Abstract Server)
+class Switchable a where
+  turnOn :: a -> a
+  turnOff :: a -> a
+  isOn :: a -> Bool
+```
+
+### Light の実装
+
+```haskell
+-- | Light device
+data Light = Light
+  { lightState :: SwitchState
+  , lightName :: String
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Create a light (off by default)
+makeLight :: String -> Light
+makeLight name = Light Off name
+
+-- | Create a light that is on
+makeLightOn :: String -> Light
+makeLightOn name = Light On name
+
+instance Switchable Light where
+  turnOn light = light { lightState = On }
+  turnOff light = light { lightState = Off }
+  isOn light = lightState light == On
+```
+
+### Fan の実装
+
+```haskell
+-- | Fan speed levels
+data FanSpeed = Low | Medium | High
+  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
+
+-- | Fan device
+data Fan = Fan
+  { fanState :: SwitchState
+  , fanSpeed :: FanSpeed
+  , fanName :: String
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Create a fan
+makeFan :: String -> Fan
+makeFan name = Fan Off Low name
+
+-- | Set fan speed (only works when on)
+setFanSpeed :: FanSpeed -> Fan -> Fan
+setFanSpeed speed fan
+  | isOn fan = fan { fanSpeed = speed }
+  | otherwise = fan
+
+instance Switchable Fan where
+  turnOn fan = fan { fanState = On }
+  turnOff fan = fan { fanState = Off }
+  isOn fan = fanState fan == On
+```
+
+### Motor の実装
+
+```haskell
+-- | Motor direction
+data MotorDirection = Forward | Reverse
+  deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Motor device
+data Motor = Motor
+  { motorState :: SwitchState
+  , motorDirection :: MotorDirection
+  , motorName :: String
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Create a motor
+makeMotor :: String -> Motor
+makeMotor name = Motor Off Forward name
+
+-- | Reverse motor direction (only works when on)
+reverseMotor :: Motor -> Motor
+reverseMotor motor
+  | isOn motor = motor { motorDirection = flipDir (motorDirection motor) }
+  | otherwise = motor
+  where
+    flipDir Forward = Reverse
+    flipDir Reverse = Forward
+
+instance Switchable Motor where
+  turnOn motor = motor { motorState = On }
+  turnOff motor = motor { motorState = Off }
+  isOn motor = motorState motor == On
+```
+
+## 3. クライアントコード
+
+```haskell
+-- | Engage a switch (turn on)
+engage :: Switchable a => a -> a
+engage = turnOn
+
+-- | Disengage a switch (turn off)
+disengage :: Switchable a => a -> a
+disengage = turnOff
+
+-- | Toggle a switch
+toggle :: Switchable a => a -> a
+toggle device
+  | isOn device = turnOff device
+  | otherwise = turnOn device
+
+-- | Get switch status
+switchStatus :: Switchable a => a -> SwitchState
+switchStatus device
+  | isOn device = On
+  | otherwise = Off
+```
+
+## 4. Repository インターフェース
+
+### Associated Type を使用した定義
+
+```haskell
+{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
+
+-- | Entity with ID
+class Entity a where
+  entityId :: a -> String
+  setEntityId :: String -> a -> a
+
+-- | Repository interface (Abstract Server)
+class Repository r where
+  type Item r
+  findById :: r -> String -> Maybe (Item r)
+  findAll :: r -> [Item r]
+  save :: r -> Item r -> (r, Item r)
+  delete :: r -> String -> (r, Maybe (Item r))
+```
+
+### Memory Repository の実装
+
+```haskell
+import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
+
+-- | In-memory repository
+data MemoryRepository a = MemoryRepository
+  { memData :: Map String a
+  , memNextId :: Int
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Create an empty memory repository
+makeMemoryRepo :: MemoryRepository a
+makeMemoryRepo = MemoryRepository Map.empty 1
+
+instance Entity a => Repository (MemoryRepository a) where
+  type Item (MemoryRepository a) = a
+  
+  findById repo idVal = Map.lookup idVal (memData repo)
+  
+  findAll repo = Map.elems (memData repo)
+  
+  save repo entity = 
+    let id' = entityId entity
+        newId = if null id' then show (memNextId repo) else id'
+        entity' = setEntityId newId entity
+        newData = Map.insert newId entity' (memData repo)
+        newNextId = if null id' then memNextId repo + 1 else memNextId repo
+    in (repo { memData = newData, memNextId = newNextId }, entity')
+  
+  delete repo idVal =
+    let entity = Map.lookup idVal (memData repo)
+        newData = Map.delete idVal (memData repo)
+    in (repo { memData = newData }, entity)
+```
+
+### Mock Repository の実装
+
+```haskell
+-- | Mock repository for testing
+data MockRepository a = MockRepository
+  { mockData :: [a]
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+-- | Create a mock repository with predefined data
+makeMockRepo :: [a] -> MockRepository a
+makeMockRepo = MockRepository
+
+instance Entity a => Repository (MockRepository a) where
+  type Item (MockRepository a) = a
+  
+  findById repo idVal = 
+    case filter (\x -> entityId x == idVal) (mockData repo) of
+      (x:_) -> Just x
+      [] -> Nothing
+  
+  findAll repo = mockData repo
+  
+  save repo entity =
+    let id' = entityId entity
+        newId = if null id' then show (length (mockData repo) + 1) else id'
+        entity' = setEntityId newId entity
+        newData = mockData repo ++ [entity']
+    in (repo { mockData = newData }, entity')
+  
+  delete repo idVal =
+    let (deleted, remaining) = partition (\x -> entityId x == idVal) (mockData repo)
+    in (repo { mockData = remaining }, listToMaybe deleted)
+```
+
+## 5. サービス層
+
+```haskell
+-- | User entity
+data User = User
+  { userId :: String
+  , userName :: String
+  , userEmail :: String
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+instance Entity User where
+  entityId = userId
+  setEntityId idVal user = user { userId = idVal }
+
+-- | Create a new user
+createUser :: (Repository r, Item r ~ User) => r -> String -> String -> (r, User)
+createUser repo name email = 
+  let user = User "" name email
+  in save repo user
+
+-- | Get a user by ID
+getUser :: Repository r => r -> String -> Maybe (Item r)
+getUser = findById
+
+-- | Get all users
+getAllUsers :: Repository r => r -> [Item r]
+getAllUsers = findAll
+
+-- | Delete a user
+deleteUser :: Repository r => r -> String -> (r, Maybe (Item r))
+deleteUser = delete
+```
+
+## 6. Logger インターフェース
+
+```haskell
+-- | Log levels
+data LogLevel = Debug | Info | Warning | Error
+  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
+
+-- | Logger interface (Abstract Server)
+class Logger l where
+  logMessage :: l -> LogLevel -> String -> (l, String)
+
+-- | Console logger
+data ConsoleLogger = ConsoleLogger
+  { clMinLevel :: LogLevel
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+instance Logger ConsoleLogger where
+  logMessage logger level msg
+    | level >= clMinLevel logger = 
+        let output = "[" ++ show level ++ "] " ++ msg
+        in (logger, output)
+    | otherwise = (logger, "")
+
+-- | Null logger (discards all messages)
+data NullLogger = NullLogger
+  deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+instance Logger NullLogger where
+  logMessage logger _ _ = (logger, "")
+
+-- | File logger (stores messages in a list)
+data FileLogger = FileLogger
+  { flPath :: String
+  , flMessages :: [String]
+  } deriving (Show, Eq)
+
+instance Logger FileLogger where
+  logMessage logger level msg =
+    let formatted = "[" ++ show level ++ "] " ++ msg
+        newMessages = flMessages logger ++ [formatted]
+    in (logger { flMessages = newMessages }, formatted)
+```
+
+## 7. テスト
+
+```haskell
+describe "Switchable" $ do
+  it "can toggle any switchable device" $ do
+    let light = toggle (makeLight "Test")
+        fan = toggle (makeFan "Test")
+    isOn light `shouldBe` True
+    isOn fan `shouldBe` True
+
+describe "Repository" $ do
+  it "works with memory repository" $ do
+    let repo = makeMemoryRepo :: MemoryRepository User
+        (repo', user) = createUser repo "John" "john@test.com"
+    getUser repo' (entityId user) `shouldBe` Just user
+  
+  it "works with mock repository" $ do
+    let user1 = User "1" "Alice" "alice@test.com"
+        repo = makeMockRepo [user1]
+    findById repo "1" `shouldBe` Just user1
+
+describe "Logger" $ do
+  it "console logger filters by level" $ do
+    let logger = ConsoleLogger Warning
+        (_, output1) = logMessage logger Info "Info"
+        (_, output2) = logMessage logger Error "Error"
+    output1 `shouldBe` ""
+    output2 `shouldBe` "[Error] Error"
+  
+  it "null logger discards all" $ do
+    let (_, output) = logMessage NullLogger Error "Error"
+    output `shouldBe` ""
+```
+
+## まとめ
+
+Abstract Server パターンの Haskell における実装のポイント：
+
+1. **型クラスによる抽象化**: インターフェースを型クラスで定義
+2. **Associated Types**: リポジトリのように関連する型がある場合は Associated Types を使用
+3. **多態的なクライアント**: クライアントコードは型クラス制約のみに依存
+4. **テスト容易性**: Mock 実装を使ってテストが容易
+5. **DIP の実現**: 高レベルモジュール（サービス層）が低レベルモジュール（リポジトリ実装）に依存しない
+6. **拡張性**: 新しい実装を追加しても既存コードに影響しない