@k2works/claude-code-booster 3.0.0 → 3.1.0

package/lib/assets/docs/article/functional-desgin-ppp/elixir/13-abstract-factory-pattern.md

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+# 第13章: Abstract Factory パターン
+
+## はじめに
+
+Abstract Factory パターンは、関連するオブジェクトのファミリーを、その具体的なクラスを指定することなく生成するためのインターフェースを提供するパターンです。
+
+Elixir では、プロトコルを使用してファクトリインターフェースを定義し、異なる実装で異なる製品ファミリーを生成します。
+
+## 1. Shape Factory
+
+### 図形の定義
+
+```elixir
+defmodule Shapes do
+  defmodule Circle do
+    @enforce_keys [:center, :radius]
+    defstruct [:center, :radius, :outline_color, :outline_width, :fill_color]
+
+    def new(center, radius), do: %__MODULE__{center: center, radius: radius}
+
+    def to_string(%__MODULE__{center: {x, y}, radius: r} = c) do
+      base = "Circle center: [#{x}, #{y}] radius: #{r}"
+      with_style(base, c)
+    end
+
+    defp with_style(base, %{fill_color: fc, outline_color: oc, outline_width: ow}) do
+      parts = [base]
+      parts = if fc, do: parts ++ ["fill: #{fc}"], else: parts
+      parts = if oc, do: parts ++ ["outline: #{oc}(#{ow})"], else: parts
+      Enum.join(parts, " ")
+    end
+  end
+
+  defmodule Square do
+    @enforce_keys [:top_left, :side]
+    defstruct [:top_left, :side, :outline_color, :outline_width, :fill_color]
+
+    def new(top_left, side), do: %__MODULE__{top_left: top_left, side: side}
+  end
+
+  defmodule Rectangle do
+    @enforce_keys [:top_left, :width, :height]
+    defstruct [:top_left, :width, :height, :outline_color, :outline_width, :fill_color]
+
+    def new(top_left, width, height) do
+      %__MODULE__{top_left: top_left, width: width, height: height}
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### ShapeFactory プロトコル
+
+```elixir
+defprotocol ShapeFactory do
+  @doc "円を作成"
+  def create_circle(factory, center, radius)
+
+  @doc "正方形を作成"
+  def create_square(factory, top_left, side)
+
+  @doc "長方形を作成"
+  def create_rectangle(factory, top_left, width, height)
+end
+```
+
+### 具体的なファクトリ実装
+
+#### StandardShapeFactory（標準の図形）
+
+```elixir
+defmodule StandardShapeFactory do
+  defstruct []
+
+  def new, do: %__MODULE__{}
+end
+
+defimpl ShapeFactory, for: StandardShapeFactory do
+  alias Shapes.{Circle, Square, Rectangle}
+
+  def create_circle(_factory, center, radius) do
+    Circle.new(center, radius)
+  end
+
+  def create_square(_factory, top_left, side) do
+    Square.new(top_left, side)
+  end
+
+  def create_rectangle(_factory, top_left, width, height) do
+    Rectangle.new(top_left, width, height)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### OutlinedShapeFactory（輪郭線付き図形）
+
+```elixir
+defmodule OutlinedShapeFactory do
+  @enforce_keys [:outline_color, :outline_width]
+  defstruct [:outline_color, :outline_width]
+
+  def new(outline_color, outline_width) do
+    %__MODULE__{outline_color: outline_color, outline_width: outline_width}
+  end
+end
+
+defimpl ShapeFactory, for: OutlinedShapeFactory do
+  alias Shapes.{Circle, Square, Rectangle}
+
+  def create_circle(%OutlinedShapeFactory{outline_color: oc, outline_width: ow}, center, radius) do
+    %{Circle.new(center, radius) | outline_color: oc, outline_width: ow}
+  end
+
+  def create_square(%OutlinedShapeFactory{outline_color: oc, outline_width: ow}, top_left, side) do
+    %{Square.new(top_left, side) | outline_color: oc, outline_width: ow}
+  end
+
+  def create_rectangle(%OutlinedShapeFactory{outline_color: oc, outline_width: ow}, top_left, width, height) do
+    %{Rectangle.new(top_left, width, height) | outline_color: oc, outline_width: ow}
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### FilledShapeFactory（塗りつぶし付き図形）
+
+```elixir
+defmodule FilledShapeFactory do
+  @enforce_keys [:fill_color]
+  defstruct [:fill_color]
+
+  def new(fill_color), do: %__MODULE__{fill_color: fill_color}
+end
+
+defimpl ShapeFactory, for: FilledShapeFactory do
+  alias Shapes.{Circle, Square, Rectangle}
+
+  def create_circle(%FilledShapeFactory{fill_color: fc}, center, radius) do
+    %{Circle.new(center, radius) | fill_color: fc}
+  end
+
+  def create_square(%FilledShapeFactory{fill_color: fc}, top_left, side) do
+    %{Square.new(top_left, side) | fill_color: fc}
+  end
+
+  def create_rectangle(%FilledShapeFactory{fill_color: fc}, top_left, width, height) do
+    %{Rectangle.new(top_left, width, height) | fill_color: fc}
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### StyledShapeFactory（輪郭線と塗りつぶしの組み合わせ）
+
+```elixir
+defmodule StyledShapeFactory do
+  @enforce_keys [:outline_color, :outline_width, :fill_color]
+  defstruct [:outline_color, :outline_width, :fill_color]
+
+  def new(outline_color, outline_width, fill_color) do
+    %__MODULE__{
+      outline_color: outline_color,
+      outline_width: outline_width,
+      fill_color: fill_color
+    }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### 使用例
+
+```elixir
+# 標準ファクトリで図形を作成
+standard_factory = StandardShapeFactory.new()
+circle = ShapeFactory.create_circle(standard_factory, {0, 0}, 5)
+# => %Circle{center: {0, 0}, radius: 5}
+
+# 輪郭線付きファクトリで図形を作成
+outlined_factory = OutlinedShapeFactory.new("black", 2)
+outlined_circle = ShapeFactory.create_circle(outlined_factory, {0, 0}, 5)
+# => %Circle{center: {0, 0}, radius: 5, outline_color: "black", outline_width: 2}
+
+# 同じコードで異なるスタイルの図形を生成
+def draw_scene(factory) do
+  [
+    ShapeFactory.create_circle(factory, {100, 100}, 50),
+    ShapeFactory.create_square(factory, {200, 200}, 80),
+    ShapeFactory.create_rectangle(factory, {300, 300}, 100, 60)
+  ]
+end
+```
+
+## 2. UI Factory
+
+### UI コンポーネントの定義
+
+```elixir
+defmodule UIComponents do
+  defmodule Button do
+    defstruct [:label, :platform, :style]
+
+    def new(label, platform, style \\ %{}) do
+      %__MODULE__{label: label, platform: platform, style: style}
+    end
+
+    def render(%__MODULE__{label: label, platform: :windows, style: style}) do
+      bg = Map.get(style, :background, "#e1e1e1")
+      "[Windows Button: #{label}] bg=#{bg}"
+    end
+
+    def render(%__MODULE__{label: label, platform: :macos, style: style}) do
+      bg = Map.get(style, :background, "#007aff")
+      "(Mac Button: #{label}) bg=#{bg}"
+    end
+
+    def render(%__MODULE__{label: label, platform: :web, style: style}) do
+      bg = Map.get(style, :background, "#4285f4")
+      "<button>#{label}</button> bg=#{bg}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  defmodule TextField do
+    defstruct [:placeholder, :platform, :style]
+
+    def new(placeholder, platform, style \\ %{}), do: %__MODULE__{placeholder: placeholder, platform: platform, style: style}
+  end
+
+  defmodule Checkbox do
+    defstruct [:label, :checked, :platform, :style]
+
+    def new(label, checked, platform, style \\ %{}), do: %__MODULE__{label: label, checked: checked, platform: platform, style: style}
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### UIFactory プロトコル
+
+```elixir
+defprotocol UIFactory do
+  @doc "ボタンを作成"
+  def create_button(factory, label)
+
+  @doc "テキストフィールドを作成"
+  def create_text_field(factory, placeholder)
+
+  @doc "チェックボックスを作成"
+  def create_checkbox(factory, label, checked)
+end
+```
+
+### プラットフォーム別ファクトリ
+
+```elixir
+defmodule WindowsUIFactory do
+  defstruct style: %{}
+  def new(style \\ %{}), do: %__MODULE__{style: style}
+end
+
+defimpl UIFactory, for: WindowsUIFactory do
+  alias UIComponents.{Button, TextField, Checkbox}
+
+  def create_button(%WindowsUIFactory{style: style}, label), do: Button.new(label, :windows, style)
+  def create_text_field(%WindowsUIFactory{style: style}, placeholder), do: TextField.new(placeholder, :windows, style)
+  def create_checkbox(%WindowsUIFactory{style: style}, label, checked), do: Checkbox.new(label, checked, :windows, style)
+end
+
+defmodule MacOSUIFactory do
+  defstruct style: %{}
+  def new(style \\ %{}), do: %__MODULE__{style: style}
+end
+
+defimpl UIFactory, for: MacOSUIFactory do
+  alias UIComponents.{Button, TextField, Checkbox}
+
+  def create_button(%MacOSUIFactory{style: style}, label), do: Button.new(label, :macos, style)
+  def create_text_field(%MacOSUIFactory{style: style}, placeholder), do: TextField.new(placeholder, :macos, style)
+  def create_checkbox(%MacOSUIFactory{style: style}, label, checked), do: Checkbox.new(label, checked, :macos, style)
+end
+
+defmodule WebUIFactory do
+  defstruct style: %{}
+  def new(style \\ %{}), do: %__MODULE__{style: style}
+end
+
+defimpl UIFactory, for: WebUIFactory do
+  alias UIComponents.{Button, TextField, Checkbox}
+
+  def create_button(%WebUIFactory{style: style}, label), do: Button.new(label, :web, style)
+  def create_text_field(%WebUIFactory{style: style}, placeholder), do: TextField.new(placeholder, :web, style)
+  def create_checkbox(%WebUIFactory{style: style}, label, checked), do: Checkbox.new(label, checked, :web, style)
+end
+```
+
+### 使用例
+
+```elixir
+# プラットフォームに依存しない UI 構築コード
+def create_login_form(factory) do
+  [
+    UIFactory.create_text_field(factory, "Username"),
+    UIFactory.create_text_field(factory, "Password"),
+    UIFactory.create_checkbox(factory, "Remember me", false),
+    UIFactory.create_button(factory, "Login")
+  ]
+end
+
+# Windows 用
+windows_form = create_login_form(WindowsUIFactory.new())
+
+# macOS 用
+macos_form = create_login_form(MacOSUIFactory.new())
+
+# Web 用
+web_form = create_login_form(WebUIFactory.new())
+```
+
+## 3. Theme Factory
+
+### テーマコンポーネントの定義
+
+```elixir
+defmodule ThemeComponents do
+  defmodule Colors do
+    defstruct [:primary, :secondary, :background, :text, :accent]
+    def new(attrs), do: struct(__MODULE__, attrs)
+  end
+
+  defmodule Typography do
+    defstruct [:font_family, :base_size, :heading_scale]
+    def new(attrs), do: struct(__MODULE__, attrs)
+  end
+
+  defmodule Spacing do
+    defstruct [:unit, :scale]
+    def new(attrs), do: struct(__MODULE__, attrs)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### ThemeFactory プロトコル
+
+```elixir
+defprotocol ThemeFactory do
+  def create_colors(factory)
+  def create_typography(factory)
+  def create_spacing(factory)
+end
+```
+
+### テーマ別ファクトリ
+
+```elixir
+defmodule LightThemeFactory do
+  defstruct []
+  def new, do: %__MODULE__{}
+end
+
+defimpl ThemeFactory, for: LightThemeFactory do
+  alias ThemeComponents.{Colors, Typography, Spacing}
+
+  def create_colors(_factory) do
+    Colors.new(%{
+      primary: "#007aff",
+      secondary: "#5856d6",
+      background: "#ffffff",
+      text: "#000000",
+      accent: "#ff9500"
+    })
+  end
+
+  def create_typography(_factory) do
+    Typography.new(%{font_family: "San Francisco", base_size: 16, heading_scale: 1.25})
+  end
+
+  def create_spacing(_factory) do
+    Spacing.new(%{unit: 8, scale: [0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8]})
+  end
+end
+
+defmodule DarkThemeFactory do
+  defstruct []
+  def new, do: %__MODULE__{}
+end
+
+defimpl ThemeFactory, for: DarkThemeFactory do
+  alias ThemeComponents.{Colors, Typography, Spacing}
+
+  def create_colors(_factory) do
+    Colors.new(%{
+      primary: "#0a84ff",
+      secondary: "#5e5ce6",
+      background: "#1c1c1e",
+      text: "#ffffff",
+      accent: "#ff9f0a"
+    })
+  end
+
+  def create_typography(_factory), do: Typography.new(%{font_family: "San Francisco", base_size: 16, heading_scale: 1.25})
+  def create_spacing(_factory), do: Spacing.new(%{unit: 8, scale: [0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8]})
+end
+```
+
+## 4. Database Factory
+
+### データベースコンポーネント
+
+```elixir
+defmodule DatabaseComponents do
+  defmodule Connection do
+    defstruct [:driver, :host, :port, :database, :username, :password, :options]
+
+    def new(attrs), do: struct(__MODULE__, attrs)
+
+    def connection_string(%__MODULE__{driver: :mysql} = conn) do
+      "mysql://#{conn.username}:#{conn.password}@#{conn.host}:#{conn.port}/#{conn.database}"
+    end
+
+    def connection_string(%__MODULE__{driver: :postgresql} = conn) do
+      "postgresql://#{conn.username}:#{conn.password}@#{conn.host}:#{conn.port}/#{conn.database}"
+    end
+
+    def connection_string(%__MODULE__{driver: :sqlite} = conn) do
+      "sqlite:#{conn.database}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  defmodule QueryBuilder do
+    defstruct [:driver, :table, :columns, :conditions, :order, :limit]
+
+    def new(driver), do: %__MODULE__{driver: driver, columns: ["*"], conditions: []}
+
+    def from(%__MODULE__{} = qb, table), do: %{qb | table: table}
+    def select(%__MODULE__{} = qb, columns), do: %{qb | columns: columns}
+    def where(%__MODULE__{conditions: conds} = qb, condition), do: %{qb | conditions: conds ++ [condition]}
+    def order_by(%__MODULE__{} = qb, column, direction \\ :asc), do: %{qb | order: {column, direction}}
+    def limit(%__MODULE__{} = qb, n), do: %{qb | limit: n}
+
+    def build(%__MODULE__{} = qb) do
+      columns = Enum.join(qb.columns, ", ")
+      sql = "SELECT #{columns} FROM #{qb.table}"
+      sql = if qb.conditions != [], do: sql <> " WHERE " <> Enum.join(qb.conditions, " AND "), else: sql
+      sql = if qb.order, do: sql <> " ORDER BY #{elem(qb.order, 0)} #{elem(qb.order, 1) |> to_string() |> String.upcase()}", else: sql
+      sql = if qb.limit, do: sql <> " LIMIT #{qb.limit}", else: sql
+      %{driver: qb.driver, sql: sql}
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### DatabaseFactory プロトコル
+
+```elixir
+defprotocol DatabaseFactory do
+  def create_connection(factory, config)
+  def create_query_builder(factory)
+end
+```
+
+### データベース別ファクトリ
+
+```elixir
+defmodule MySQLFactory do
+  defstruct []
+  def new, do: %__MODULE__{}
+end
+
+defimpl DatabaseFactory, for: MySQLFactory do
+  alias DatabaseComponents.{Connection, QueryBuilder}
+
+  def create_connection(_factory, config) do
+    Connection.new(%{
+      driver: :mysql,
+      host: Map.get(config, :host, "localhost"),
+      port: Map.get(config, :port, 3306),
+      database: Map.fetch!(config, :database),
+      username: Map.fetch!(config, :username),
+      password: Map.fetch!(config, :password)
+    })
+  end
+
+  def create_query_builder(_factory), do: QueryBuilder.new(:mysql)
+end
+
+defmodule PostgreSQLFactory do
+  defstruct []
+  def new, do: %__MODULE__{}
+end
+
+defmodule SQLiteFactory do
+  defstruct []
+  def new, do: %__MODULE__{}
+end
+```
+
+## 5. Factory Provider（Factory of Factories）
+
+```elixir
+defmodule FactoryProvider do
+  @moduledoc """
+  ファクトリのプロバイダー。
+  設定に基づいて適切なファクトリを提供する。
+  """
+
+  # 図形ファクトリ
+  def get_shape_factory(:standard), do: StandardShapeFactory.new()
+  def get_shape_factory(:outlined), do: OutlinedShapeFactory.new("black", 1)
+  def get_shape_factory({:outlined, color, width}), do: OutlinedShapeFactory.new(color, width)
+  def get_shape_factory(:filled), do: FilledShapeFactory.new("gray")
+  def get_shape_factory({:filled, color}), do: FilledShapeFactory.new(color)
+  def get_shape_factory({:styled, outline_color, outline_width, fill_color}) do
+    StyledShapeFactory.new(outline_color, outline_width, fill_color)
+  end
+
+  # UI ファクトリ
+  def get_ui_factory(:windows), do: WindowsUIFactory.new()
+  def get_ui_factory(:macos), do: MacOSUIFactory.new()
+  def get_ui_factory(:web), do: WebUIFactory.new()
+  def get_ui_factory({platform, style}), do: get_ui_factory_with_style(platform, style)
+
+  defp get_ui_factory_with_style(:windows, style), do: WindowsUIFactory.new(style)
+  defp get_ui_factory_with_style(:macos, style), do: MacOSUIFactory.new(style)
+  defp get_ui_factory_with_style(:web, style), do: WebUIFactory.new(style)
+
+  # テーマファクトリ
+  def get_theme_factory(:light), do: LightThemeFactory.new()
+  def get_theme_factory(:dark), do: DarkThemeFactory.new()
+
+  # データベースファクトリ
+  def get_database_factory(:mysql), do: MySQLFactory.new()
+  def get_database_factory(:postgresql), do: PostgreSQLFactory.new()
+  def get_database_factory(:sqlite), do: SQLiteFactory.new()
+end
+```
+
+### 使用例
+
+```elixir
+# 設定に基づいてファクトリを選択
+config = %{
+  shape_style: :outlined,
+  platform: :web,
+  theme: :dark,
+  database: :postgresql
+}
+
+shape_factory = FactoryProvider.get_shape_factory(config.shape_style)
+ui_factory = FactoryProvider.get_ui_factory(config.platform)
+theme_factory = FactoryProvider.get_theme_factory(config.theme)
+db_factory = FactoryProvider.get_database_factory(config.database)
+
+# 一貫したファミリーで製品を生成
+shapes = [
+  ShapeFactory.create_circle(shape_factory, {0, 0}, 50),
+  ShapeFactory.create_square(shape_factory, {100, 100}, 80)
+]
+
+ui_components = [
+  UIFactory.create_button(ui_factory, "Submit"),
+  UIFactory.create_text_field(ui_factory, "Enter name")
+]
+
+theme = %{
+  colors: ThemeFactory.create_colors(theme_factory),
+  typography: ThemeFactory.create_typography(theme_factory),
+  spacing: ThemeFactory.create_spacing(theme_factory)
+}
+```
+
+## 設計のポイント
+
+### プロトコルによる抽象化
+
+Elixir のプロトコルは、Abstract Factory パターンの抽象ファクトリインターフェースを自然に表現します。
+
+```elixir
+defprotocol ShapeFactory do
+  def create_circle(factory, center, radius)
+  def create_square(factory, top_left, side)
+  def create_rectangle(factory, top_left, width, height)
+end
+```
+
+### 製品ファミリーの一貫性
+
+同じファクトリから生成された製品は一貫したスタイルを持ちます。これにより、アプリケーション全体で統一されたルック＆フィールを保証できます。
+
+### 拡張性
+
+新しいファクトリを追加するには：
+
+1. 新しいファクトリ構造体を定義
+2. プロトコル実装を追加
+3. FactoryProvider に新しいパターンマッチを追加
+
+既存のコードを変更せずに新しいスタイルやプラットフォームを追加できます。
+
+## まとめ
+
+Abstract Factory パターンの利点：
+
+1. **製品ファミリーの一貫性**: 関連する製品が常に互いに適合することを保証
+2. **具体クラスの分離**: クライアントコードは抽象インターフェースのみに依存
+3. **製品ファミリーの切り替え**: ファクトリを交換するだけで全体のスタイルを変更可能
+4. **単一責任**: 製品の生成コードを一箇所に集約
+
+Elixir では、プロトコルと構造体を使用して、型安全で拡張可能な Abstract Factory パターンを実装できます。