@jupyterlab/mathjax-extension 4.7.0-alpha.1 → 4.7.0-alpha.2

package/lib/index.d.ts

@@ -4,11 +4,36 @@
  */
 import type { JupyterFrontEndPlugin } from '@jupyterlab/application';
 import { ILatexTypesetter } from '@jupyterlab/rendermime';
+import type { IRenderMime } from '@jupyterlab/rendermime';
 import type { MathDocument } from 'mathjax-full/js/core/MathDocument';
 /**
  * The MathJax Typesetter.
  */
 export declare class MathJaxTypesetter implements ILatexTypesetter {
+    /**
+     * Construct a new MathJax typesetter.
+     *
+     * @param options - Options describing how math is recognized in the source
+     *   text (see {@link MathJaxTypesetter.IOptions}).
+     */
+    constructor(options?: MathJaxTypesetter.IOptions);
+    /**
+     * The options describing how math is recognized in the source text.
+     *
+     * Exposed so that the Markdown pre-processor (`removeMath`) and this
+     * typesetter agree on whether a single `$` introduces inline math.
+     */
+    readonly mathParseOptions: IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions;
+    /**
+     * Create a new MathJax typesetter with the given parse options.
+     *
+     * Options which are not given are inherited from this typesetter; this
+     * typesetter is left unchanged. The underlying MathDocument is shared with
+     * any other typesetter using the same options, so this is cheap to call.
+     *
+     * @param options - The parse options to apply.
+     */
+    withParseOptions(options: IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions): MathJaxTypesetter;
     protected _ensureInitialized(): Promise<void>;
     /**
      * Get an instance of the MathDocument object.
@@ -21,6 +46,16 @@ export declare class MathJaxTypesetter implements ILatexTypesetter {
     protected _initialized: boolean;
     protected _mathDocument: MathDocument<any, any, any>;
 }
+/**
+ * A namespace for `MathJaxTypesetter` statics.
+ */
+export declare namespace MathJaxTypesetter {
+    /**
+     * Options for constructing a {@link MathJaxTypesetter}.
+     */
+    interface IOptions extends IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions {
+    }
+}
 /**
  * The MathJax extension.
  */

package/lib/index.js

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
  * @packageDocumentation
  * @module mathjax-extension
  */
-import { PromiseDelegate } from '@lumino/coreutils';
 import { ILatexTypesetter } from '@jupyterlab/rendermime';
 import { ITranslator, nullTranslator } from '@jupyterlab/translation';
 var CommandIDs;
@@ -23,12 +22,36 @@ var CommandIDs;
  * The MathJax Typesetter.
  */
 export class MathJaxTypesetter {
-    constructor() {
+    /**
+     * Construct a new MathJax typesetter.
+     *
+     * @param options - Options describing how math is recognized in the source
+     *   text (see {@link MathJaxTypesetter.IOptions}).
+     */
+    constructor(options = {}) {
+        var _a;
         this._initialized = false;
+        this.mathParseOptions = {
+            dollarInlineMath: (_a = options.dollarInlineMath) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : true
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * Create a new MathJax typesetter with the given parse options.
+     *
+     * Options which are not given are inherited from this typesetter; this
+     * typesetter is left unchanged. The underlying MathDocument is shared with
+     * any other typesetter using the same options, so this is cheap to call.
+     *
+     * @param options - The parse options to apply.
+     */
+    withParseOptions(options) {
+        return new MathJaxTypesetter(Private.mergeParseOptions(this.mathParseOptions, options));
     }
     async _ensureInitialized() {
         if (!this._initialized) {
-            this._mathDocument = await Private.ensureMathDocument();
+            this._mathDocument = await Private.ensureMathDocument(this.mathParseOptions.dollarInlineMath === false
+                ? Private.INLINE_MATH_WITHOUT_DOLLAR
+                : Private.DEFAULT_INLINE_MATH);
             this._initialized = true;
         }
     }
@@ -51,8 +74,15 @@ export class MathJaxTypesetter {
             return;
         }
         this._mathDocument.options.elements = [node];
+        // `clear()` empties the document's math list before rendering, so that
+        // memory retained per math expression (most notably the compiled internal
+        // MathML tree) is bounded by the last typeset call rather than growing
+        // with the total amount of math on the page.
+        // This is also why we need to store the sources manually -
+        // we cannot extract them from MathJax state after `clear()`.
         this._mathDocument.clear().render();
         delete this._mathDocument.options.elements;
+        Private.recordTexSources(this._mathDocument);
         Private.hardenAnchorLinks(node);
     }
 }
@@ -69,6 +99,16 @@ const mathJaxPlugin = {
         const typesetter = new MathJaxTypesetter();
         app.commands.addCommand(CommandIDs.copy, {
             execute: async () => {
+                // Find the math expression the context menu was opened on; this works
+                // across all typesetter instances (e.g. ones configured with
+                // different delimiters), unlike the fallback below which reflects
+                // whichever expression the default typesetter processed last.
+                const root = app.contextMenuHitTest(node => node.classList.contains('MathJax'));
+                const tex = root ? Private.getTexSource(root) : undefined;
+                if (tex !== undefined) {
+                    await navigator.clipboard.writeText(tex);
+                    return;
+                }
                 const md = await typesetter.mathDocument();
                 const oJax = md.outputJax;
                 await navigator.clipboard.writeText(oJax.math.math);
@@ -83,15 +123,20 @@ const mathJaxPlugin = {
         });
         app.commands.addCommand(CommandIDs.scale, {
             execute: async (args) => {
-                const md = await typesetter.mathDocument();
                 const scale = args['scale'] || 1.0;
-                md.outputJax.options.scale = scale;
-                md.rerender();
-                // Harden only the re-rendered anchors
-                for (const math of md.math) {
-                    const root = math.typesetRoot;
-                    if (root) {
-                        Private.hardenAnchorLinks(root);
+                // Scale all documents so that every typesetter instance (e.g. ones
+                // configured with different delimiters) is affected alike; remember
+                // the scale so that documents created later inherit it too.
+                Private.setScale(scale);
+                for (const md of await Private.getMathDocuments()) {
+                    md.outputJax.options.scale = scale;
+                    md.rerender();
+                    // Harden only the re-rendered anchors
+                    for (const math of md.math) {
+                        const root = math.typesetRoot;
+                        if (root) {
+                            Private.hardenAnchorLinks(root);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             },
@@ -119,52 +164,166 @@ export default mathJaxPlugin;
  */
 var Private;
 (function (Private) {
+    /**
+     * The default delimiters for inline math.
+     */
+    Private.DEFAULT_INLINE_MATH = [
+        ['$', '$'],
+        ['\\(', '\\)']
+    ];
+    /**
+     * Merge parse options, where an `undefined` value in `overrides` means
+     * "keep the current value" rather than "reset to the default".
+     */
+    function mergeParseOptions(base, overrides) {
+        const merged = { ...base };
+        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(overrides)) {
+            if (value !== undefined) {
+                merged[key] = value;
+            }
+        }
+        return merged;
+    }
+    Private.mergeParseOptions = mergeParseOptions;
+    /**
+     * The inline math delimiters with the single `$` pair removed, so that `$`
+     * is rendered literally.
+     */
+    Private.INLINE_MATH_WITHOUT_DOLLAR = [
+        ['\\(', '\\)']
+    ];
+    /**
+     * Load the MathJax modules and register the document handler.
+     *
+     * The heavy dynamic imports and the (global, one-time) handler registration
+     * are shared across all typesetters; only the per-instance document is built
+     * separately in {@link createMathDocument}. The returned bundle's type is
+     * inferred so no MathJax types need to be imported explicitly.
+     */
+    async function loadModules() {
+        void import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/require/RequireConfiguration');
+        const [{ mathjax }, { CHTML }, { TeX }, { TeXFont }, { AllPackages }, { SafeHandler }, { HTMLHandler }, { browserAdaptor }, { AssistiveMmlHandler }] = await Promise.all([
+            import('mathjax-full/js/mathjax'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml/fonts/tex'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/AllPackages'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/ui/safe/SafeHandler'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/handlers/html/HTMLHandler'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/adaptors/browserAdaptor'),
+            import('mathjax-full/js/a11y/assistive-mml')
+        ]);
+        mathjax.handlers.register(AssistiveMmlHandler(SafeHandler(new HTMLHandler(browserAdaptor()))));
+        return { mathjax, CHTML, TeX, TeXFont, AllPackages };
+    }
     let _loading = null;
-    async function ensureMathDocument() {
+    /**
+     * Ensure the MathJax modules are loaded exactly once per page.
+     */
+    function ensureMathModules() {
         if (!_loading) {
-            _loading = new PromiseDelegate();
-            void import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/require/RequireConfiguration');
-            const [{ mathjax }, { CHTML }, { TeX }, { TeXFont }, { AllPackages }, { SafeHandler }, { HTMLHandler }, { browserAdaptor }, { AssistiveMmlHandler }] = await Promise.all([
-                import('mathjax-full/js/mathjax'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml/fonts/tex'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/AllPackages'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/ui/safe/SafeHandler'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/handlers/html/HTMLHandler'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/adaptors/browserAdaptor'),
-                import('mathjax-full/js/a11y/assistive-mml')
-            ]);
-            mathjax.handlers.register(AssistiveMmlHandler(SafeHandler(new HTMLHandler(browserAdaptor()))));
-            class EmptyFont extends TeXFont {
-            }
-            EmptyFont.defaultFonts = {};
-            const chtml = new CHTML({
-                // Override dynamically generated fonts in favor of our font css
-                font: new EmptyFont()
-            });
-            const tex = new TeX({
-                packages: AllPackages.concat('require'),
-                inlineMath: [
-                    ['$', '$'],
-                    ['\\(', '\\)']
-                ],
-                displayMath: [
-                    ['$$', '$$'],
-                    ['\\[', '\\]']
-                ],
-                processEscapes: true,
-                processEnvironments: true
-            });
-            const mathDocument = mathjax.document(window.document, {
-                InputJax: tex,
-                OutputJax: chtml
-            });
-            _loading.resolve(mathDocument);
+            _loading = loadModules();
         }
-        return _loading.promise;
+        return _loading;
+    }
+    Private.ensureMathModules = ensureMathModules;
+    const _documents = new Map();
+    /**
+     * Get (or lazily create) the MathDocument for the given inline delimiters.
+     *
+     * Building a MathDocument costs on the order of ~5 ms and retains memory for
+     * the lifetime of the page. Caching one document per distinct delimiter
+     * configuration keeps that bounded, so constructing many typesetters with
+     * the same configuration (for example one per markdown cell across a large
+     * notebook) reuses a single document instead of multiplying the time and
+     * memory cost.
+     */
+    function ensureMathDocument(inlineMath) {
+        const key = JSON.stringify(inlineMath);
+        let document = _documents.get(key);
+        if (!document) {
+            document = createMathDocument(inlineMath);
+            _documents.set(key, document);
+        }
+        return document;
     }
     Private.ensureMathDocument = ensureMathDocument;
+    /**
+     * Get all MathDocuments created so far, so that document-wide commands
+     * (e.g. scaling) can operate across every delimiter configuration in use.
+     */
+    function getMathDocuments() {
+        return Promise.all(_documents.values());
+    }
+    Private.getMathDocuments = getMathDocuments;
+    let _scale = null;
+    /**
+     * Remember the requested scale factor, so that MathDocuments created later
+     * (e.g. on first use of a typesetter with a different delimiter
+     * configuration) start at the user's chosen scale rather than the default.
+     */
+    function setScale(scale) {
+        _scale = scale;
+    }
+    Private.setScale = setScale;
+    const _texSourceByRoot = new WeakMap();
+    /**
+     * Record the TeX source of each math expression typeset by `document`,
+     * keyed by its rendered container element.
+     *
+     * A MathDocument only retains the math items from its most recent
+     * `render()` call (each `typeset()` starts with `clear()`), so the source
+     * of earlier expressions must be captured here for the copy command to
+     * find the expression that was actually clicked. Unlike retaining the math
+     * items themselves, this only keeps the source string, and the `WeakMap`
+     * lets it be reclaimed as soon as the rendered node is garbage-collected.
+     */
+    function recordTexSources(document) {
+        for (const item of document.math) {
+            if (item.typesetRoot) {
+                _texSourceByRoot.set(item.typesetRoot, item.math);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Private.recordTexSources = recordTexSources;
+    /**
+     * Get the TeX source of the math expression rendered in `root`
+     * (a `mjx-container` element), if known.
+     */
+    function getTexSource(root) {
+        return _texSourceByRoot.get(root);
+    }
+    Private.getTexSource = getTexSource;
+    /**
+     * Build a MathDocument configured with the given inline delimiters.
+     */
+    async function createMathDocument(inlineMath) {
+        const { mathjax, CHTML, TeX, TeXFont, AllPackages } = await ensureMathModules();
+        class EmptyFont extends TeXFont {
+        }
+        EmptyFont.defaultFonts = {};
+        const chtml = new CHTML({
+            // Override dynamically generated fonts in favor of our font css
+            font: new EmptyFont()
+        });
+        if (_scale !== null) {
+            chtml.options.scale = _scale;
+        }
+        const tex = new TeX({
+            packages: AllPackages.concat('require'),
+            inlineMath,
+            displayMath: [
+                ['$$', '$$'],
+                ['\\[', '\\]']
+            ],
+            processEscapes: true,
+            processEnvironments: true
+        });
+        return mathjax.document(window.document, {
+            InputJax: tex,
+            OutputJax: chtml
+        });
+    }
     /**
      * Utility function to harden anchor links in a given element
      */

package/lib/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@jupyterlab/mathjax-extension",
-  "version": "4.7.0-alpha.1",
+  "version": "4.7.0-alpha.2",
   "description": "A JupyterLab extension providing MathJax Typesetting",
   "keywords": [
     "jupyter",
@@ -48,14 +48,13 @@
     "watch": "tsc -b --watch"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@jupyterlab/application": "^4.7.0-alpha.1",
-    "@jupyterlab/rendermime": "^4.7.0-alpha.1",
-    "@jupyterlab/translation": "^4.7.0-alpha.1",
-    "@lumino/coreutils": "^2.2.3",
+    "@jupyterlab/application": "^4.7.0-alpha.2",
+    "@jupyterlab/rendermime": "^4.7.0-alpha.2",
+    "@jupyterlab/translation": "^4.7.0-alpha.2",
     "mathjax-full": "^3.2.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@jupyterlab/testing": "^4.7.0-alpha.1",
+    "@jupyterlab/testing": "^4.7.0-alpha.2",
     "@types/jest": "^29.2.0",
     "jest": "^29.2.0",
     "rimraf": "~5.0.5",

package/src/index.ts

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
  * @module mathjax-extension
  */
 
-import { PromiseDelegate } from '@lumino/coreutils';
-
 import type {
   JupyterFrontEnd,
   JupyterFrontEndPlugin
@@ -15,6 +13,8 @@ import type {
 
 import { ILatexTypesetter } from '@jupyterlab/rendermime';
 
+import type { IRenderMime } from '@jupyterlab/rendermime';
+
 import { ITranslator, nullTranslator } from '@jupyterlab/translation';
 
 import type { MathDocument } from 'mathjax-full/js/core/MathDocument';
@@ -40,9 +40,50 @@ namespace CommandArgs {
  * The MathJax Typesetter.
  */
 export class MathJaxTypesetter implements ILatexTypesetter {
+  /**
+   * Construct a new MathJax typesetter.
+   *
+   * @param options - Options describing how math is recognized in the source
+   *   text (see {@link MathJaxTypesetter.IOptions}).
+   */
+  constructor(options: MathJaxTypesetter.IOptions = {}) {
+    this.mathParseOptions = {
+      dollarInlineMath: options.dollarInlineMath ?? true
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The options describing how math is recognized in the source text.
+   *
+   * Exposed so that the Markdown pre-processor (`removeMath`) and this
+   * typesetter agree on whether a single `$` introduces inline math.
+   */
+  readonly mathParseOptions: IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new MathJax typesetter with the given parse options.
+   *
+   * Options which are not given are inherited from this typesetter; this
+   * typesetter is left unchanged. The underlying MathDocument is shared with
+   * any other typesetter using the same options, so this is cheap to call.
+   *
+   * @param options - The parse options to apply.
+   */
+  withParseOptions(
+    options: IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions
+  ): MathJaxTypesetter {
+    return new MathJaxTypesetter(
+      Private.mergeParseOptions(this.mathParseOptions, options)
+    );
+  }
+
   protected async _ensureInitialized() {
     if (!this._initialized) {
-      this._mathDocument = await Private.ensureMathDocument();
+      this._mathDocument = await Private.ensureMathDocument(
+        this.mathParseOptions.dollarInlineMath === false
+          ? Private.INLINE_MATH_WITHOUT_DOLLAR
+          : Private.DEFAULT_INLINE_MATH
+      );
       this._initialized = true;
     }
   }
@@ -67,8 +108,15 @@ export class MathJaxTypesetter implements ILatexTypesetter {
     }
 
     this._mathDocument.options.elements = [node];
+    // `clear()` empties the document's math list before rendering, so that
+    // memory retained per math expression (most notably the compiled internal
+    // MathML tree) is bounded by the last typeset call rather than growing
+    // with the total amount of math on the page.
+    // This is also why we need to store the sources manually -
+    // we cannot extract them from MathJax state after `clear()`.
     this._mathDocument.clear().render();
     delete this._mathDocument.options.elements;
+    Private.recordTexSources(this._mathDocument);
     Private.hardenAnchorLinks(node);
   }
 
@@ -76,6 +124,19 @@ export class MathJaxTypesetter implements ILatexTypesetter {
   protected _mathDocument: MathDocument<any, any, any>;
 }
 
+/**
+ * A namespace for `MathJaxTypesetter` statics.
+ */
+export namespace MathJaxTypesetter {
+  // Extends the provider-agnostic math-parsing options; MathJax-specific
+  // options can be added here later in backward-compatible fashion.
+  /**
+   * Options for constructing a {@link MathJaxTypesetter}.
+   */
+  export interface IOptions
+    extends IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions {}
+}
+
 /**
  * The MathJax extension.
  */
@@ -90,6 +151,18 @@ const mathJaxPlugin: JupyterFrontEndPlugin<ILatexTypesetter> = {
 
     app.commands.addCommand(CommandIDs.copy, {
       execute: async () => {
+        // Find the math expression the context menu was opened on; this works
+        // across all typesetter instances (e.g. ones configured with
+        // different delimiters), unlike the fallback below which reflects
+        // whichever expression the default typesetter processed last.
+        const root = app.contextMenuHitTest(node =>
+          node.classList.contains('MathJax')
+        );
+        const tex = root ? Private.getTexSource(root) : undefined;
+        if (tex !== undefined) {
+          await navigator.clipboard.writeText(tex);
+          return;
+        }
         const md = await typesetter.mathDocument();
         const oJax: any = md.outputJax;
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(oJax.math.math);
@@ -105,16 +178,21 @@ const mathJaxPlugin: JupyterFrontEndPlugin<ILatexTypesetter> = {
 
     app.commands.addCommand(CommandIDs.scale, {
       execute: async (args: CommandArgs.scale) => {
-        const md = await typesetter.mathDocument();
         const scale = args['scale'] || 1.0;
-        md.outputJax.options.scale = scale;
-        md.rerender();
-
-        // Harden only the re-rendered anchors
-        for (const math of md.math) {
-          const root = math.typesetRoot as HTMLElement | null;
-          if (root) {
-            Private.hardenAnchorLinks(root);
+        // Scale all documents so that every typesetter instance (e.g. ones
+        // configured with different delimiters) is affected alike; remember
+        // the scale so that documents created later inherit it too.
+        Private.setScale(scale);
+        for (const md of await Private.getMathDocuments()) {
+          md.outputJax.options.scale = scale;
+          md.rerender();
+
+          // Harden only the re-rendered anchors
+          for (const math of md.math) {
+            const root = math.typesetRoot as HTMLElement | null;
+            if (root) {
+              Private.hardenAnchorLinks(root);
+            }
           }
         }
       },
@@ -145,74 +223,201 @@ export default mathJaxPlugin;
  * A namespace for module-private functionality.
  */
 namespace Private {
-  let _loading: PromiseDelegate<MathDocument<any, any, any>> | null = null;
+  /**
+   * The default delimiters for inline math.
+   */
+  export const DEFAULT_INLINE_MATH: [string, string][] = [
+    ['$', '$'],
+    ['\\(', '\\)']
+  ];
+
+  /**
+   * Merge parse options, where an `undefined` value in `overrides` means
+   * "keep the current value" rather than "reset to the default".
+   */
+  export function mergeParseOptions(
+    base: IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions,
+    overrides: IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions
+  ): IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions {
+    const merged: Record<string, unknown> = { ...base };
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(overrides)) {
+      if (value !== undefined) {
+        merged[key] = value;
+      }
+    }
+    return merged as IRenderMime.ILatexTypesetter.IMathParseOptions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The inline math delimiters with the single `$` pair removed, so that `$`
+   * is rendered literally.
+   */
+  export const INLINE_MATH_WITHOUT_DOLLAR: [string, string][] = [
+    ['\\(', '\\)']
+  ];
+
+  /**
+   * Load the MathJax modules and register the document handler.
+   *
+   * The heavy dynamic imports and the (global, one-time) handler registration
+   * are shared across all typesetters; only the per-instance document is built
+   * separately in {@link createMathDocument}. The returned bundle's type is
+   * inferred so no MathJax types need to be imported explicitly.
+   */
+  async function loadModules() {
+    void import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/require/RequireConfiguration');
+
+    const [
+      { mathjax },
+      { CHTML },
+      { TeX },
+      { TeXFont },
+      { AllPackages },
+      { SafeHandler },
+      { HTMLHandler },
+      { browserAdaptor },
+      { AssistiveMmlHandler }
+    ] = await Promise.all([
+      import('mathjax-full/js/mathjax'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml/fonts/tex'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/AllPackages'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/ui/safe/SafeHandler'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/handlers/html/HTMLHandler'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/adaptors/browserAdaptor'),
+      import('mathjax-full/js/a11y/assistive-mml')
+    ]);
+
+    mathjax.handlers.register(
+      AssistiveMmlHandler(SafeHandler(new HTMLHandler(browserAdaptor())))
+    );
+
+    return { mathjax, CHTML, TeX, TeXFont, AllPackages };
+  }
 
-  export async function ensureMathDocument(): Promise<
-    MathDocument<any, any, any>
-  > {
+  let _loading: ReturnType<typeof loadModules> | null = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Ensure the MathJax modules are loaded exactly once per page.
+   */
+  export function ensureMathModules(): ReturnType<typeof loadModules> {
     if (!_loading) {
-      _loading = new PromiseDelegate();
-
-      void import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/require/RequireConfiguration');
-
-      const [
-        { mathjax },
-        { CHTML },
-        { TeX },
-        { TeXFont },
-        { AllPackages },
-        { SafeHandler },
-        { HTMLHandler },
-        { browserAdaptor },
-        { AssistiveMmlHandler }
-      ] = await Promise.all([
-        import('mathjax-full/js/mathjax'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/output/chtml/fonts/tex'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/input/tex/AllPackages'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/ui/safe/SafeHandler'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/handlers/html/HTMLHandler'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/adaptors/browserAdaptor'),
-        import('mathjax-full/js/a11y/assistive-mml')
-      ]);
-
-      mathjax.handlers.register(
-        AssistiveMmlHandler(SafeHandler(new HTMLHandler(browserAdaptor())))
-      );
+      _loading = loadModules();
+    }
+    return _loading;
+  }
+
+  const _documents = new Map<string, Promise<MathDocument<any, any, any>>>();
+
+  /**
+   * Get (or lazily create) the MathDocument for the given inline delimiters.
+   *
+   * Building a MathDocument costs on the order of ~5 ms and retains memory for
+   * the lifetime of the page. Caching one document per distinct delimiter
+   * configuration keeps that bounded, so constructing many typesetters with
+   * the same configuration (for example one per markdown cell across a large
+   * notebook) reuses a single document instead of multiplying the time and
+   * memory cost.
+   */
+  export function ensureMathDocument(
+    inlineMath: [string, string][]
+  ): Promise<MathDocument<any, any, any>> {
+    const key = JSON.stringify(inlineMath);
+    let document = _documents.get(key);
+    if (!document) {
+      document = createMathDocument(inlineMath);
+      _documents.set(key, document);
+    }
+    return document;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all MathDocuments created so far, so that document-wide commands
+   * (e.g. scaling) can operate across every delimiter configuration in use.
+   */
+  export function getMathDocuments(): Promise<MathDocument<any, any, any>[]> {
+    return Promise.all(_documents.values());
+  }
+
+  let _scale: number | null = null;
+
+  /**
+   * Remember the requested scale factor, so that MathDocuments created later
+   * (e.g. on first use of a typesetter with a different delimiter
+   * configuration) start at the user's chosen scale rather than the default.
+   */
+  export function setScale(scale: number): void {
+    _scale = scale;
+  }
+
+  const _texSourceByRoot = new WeakMap<Element, string>();
 
-      class EmptyFont extends TeXFont {
-        protected static defaultFonts = {} as any;
+  /**
+   * Record the TeX source of each math expression typeset by `document`,
+   * keyed by its rendered container element.
+   *
+   * A MathDocument only retains the math items from its most recent
+   * `render()` call (each `typeset()` starts with `clear()`), so the source
+   * of earlier expressions must be captured here for the copy command to
+   * find the expression that was actually clicked. Unlike retaining the math
+   * items themselves, this only keeps the source string, and the `WeakMap`
+   * lets it be reclaimed as soon as the rendered node is garbage-collected.
+   */
+  export function recordTexSources(
+    document: MathDocument<any, any, any>
+  ): void {
+    for (const item of document.math) {
+      if (item.typesetRoot) {
+        _texSourceByRoot.set(item.typesetRoot, item.math);
       }
+    }
+  }
 
-      const chtml = new CHTML({
-        // Override dynamically generated fonts in favor of our font css
-        font: new EmptyFont()
-      });
-
-      const tex = new TeX({
-        packages: AllPackages.concat('require'),
-        inlineMath: [
-          ['$', '$'],
-          ['\\(', '\\)']
-        ],
-        displayMath: [
-          ['$$', '$$'],
-          ['\\[', '\\]']
-        ],
-        processEscapes: true,
-        processEnvironments: true
-      });
-
-      const mathDocument = mathjax.document(window.document, {
-        InputJax: tex,
-        OutputJax: chtml
-      });
-
-      _loading.resolve(mathDocument);
+  /**
+   * Get the TeX source of the math expression rendered in `root`
+   * (a `mjx-container` element), if known.
+   */
+  export function getTexSource(root: Element): string | undefined {
+    return _texSourceByRoot.get(root);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build a MathDocument configured with the given inline delimiters.
+   */
+  async function createMathDocument(
+    inlineMath: [string, string][]
+  ): Promise<MathDocument<any, any, any>> {
+    const { mathjax, CHTML, TeX, TeXFont, AllPackages } =
+      await ensureMathModules();
+
+    class EmptyFont extends TeXFont {
+      protected static defaultFonts = {} as any;
     }
 
-    return _loading.promise;
+    const chtml = new CHTML({
+      // Override dynamically generated fonts in favor of our font css
+      font: new EmptyFont()
+    });
+    if (_scale !== null) {
+      chtml.options.scale = _scale;
+    }
+
+    const tex = new TeX({
+      packages: AllPackages.concat('require'),
+      inlineMath,
+      displayMath: [
+        ['$$', '$$'],
+        ['\\[', '\\]']
+      ],
+      processEscapes: true,
+      processEnvironments: true
+    });
+
+    return mathjax.document(window.document, {
+      InputJax: tex,
+      OutputJax: chtml
+    });
   }
 
   /**