@japofc/baileys 2.1.0

package/lib/Utils/messages-media.js

@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+import { Boom } from '@hapi/boom';
+import { spawn } from 'child_process';
+import * as Crypto from 'crypto';
+import { once } from 'events';
+import { createReadStream, createWriteStream, promises as fs, WriteStream } from 'fs';
+import { tmpdir } from 'os';
+import { join } from 'path';
+import { Readable, Transform } from 'stream';
+import { URL } from 'url';
+import { proto } from '../../WAProto/index.js';
+import { DEFAULT_ORIGIN, MEDIA_HKDF_KEY_MAPPING, MEDIA_PATH_MAP, NEWSLETTER_MEDIA_PATH_MAP } from '../Defaults/index.js';
+import { getBinaryNodeChild, getBinaryNodeChildBuffer, jidNormalizedUser } from '../WABinary/index.js';
+import { aesDecryptGCM, aesEncryptGCM, hkdf } from './crypto.js';
+import { generateMessageIDV2 } from './generics.js';
+const getTmpFilesDirectory = () => tmpdir();
+let imageProcessingLibrary;
+let _imageLibInitPromise = null; // JAP@Fix (bug 22): deduplicate parallel init calls
+export const getImageProcessingLibrary = async () => {
+    if (imageProcessingLibrary) {
+        return imageProcessingLibrary;
+    }
+    if (!_imageLibInitPromise) {
+        _imageLibInitPromise = (async () => {
+            //@ts-ignore
+            const [sharp, image, jimp] = await Promise.all([
+                import('sharp').catch(() => { }),
+                import('@napi-rs/image').catch(() => { }),
+                import('jimp').catch(() => { })
+            ]);
+            if (sharp) {
+                imageProcessingLibrary = { sharp };
+            }
+            else if (image) {
+                imageProcessingLibrary = { image };
+            }
+            else if (jimp) {
+                imageProcessingLibrary = { jimp };
+            }
+            else {
+                throw new Boom('No image processing library available');
+            }
+            return imageProcessingLibrary;
+        })();
+    }
+    return _imageLibInitPromise;
+};
+export const hkdfInfoKey = (type) => {
+    const hkdfInfo = MEDIA_HKDF_KEY_MAPPING[type];
+    return `WhatsApp ${hkdfInfo} Keys`;
+};
+export const getRawMediaUploadData = async (media, mediaType, logger) => {
+    const { stream } = await getStream(media);
+    logger?.debug('got stream for raw upload');
+    const hasher = Crypto.createHash('sha256');
+    const filePath = join(tmpdir(), mediaType + generateMessageIDV2());
+    const fileWriteStream = createWriteStream(filePath);
+    let fileLength = 0;
+    try {
+        for await (const data of stream) {
+            fileLength += data.length;
+            hasher.update(data);
+            if (!fileWriteStream.write(data)) {
+                await once(fileWriteStream, 'drain');
+            }
+        }
+        fileWriteStream.end();
+        await once(fileWriteStream, 'finish');
+        stream.destroy();
+        const fileSha256 = hasher.digest();
+        logger?.debug('hashed data for raw upload');
+        return {
+            filePath: filePath,
+            fileSha256,
+            fileLength
+        };
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        fileWriteStream.destroy();
+        stream.destroy();
+        try {
+            await fs.unlink(filePath);
+        }
+        catch {
+            //
+        }
+        throw error;
+    }
+};
+/** generates all the keys required to encrypt/decrypt & sign a media message */
+export async function getMediaKeys(buffer, mediaType) {
+    if (!buffer) {
+        throw new Boom('Cannot derive from empty media key');
+    }
+    if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
+        buffer = Buffer.from(buffer.replace('data:;base64,', ''), 'base64');
+    }
+    // expand using HKDF to 112 bytes, also pass in the relevant app info
+    const expandedMediaKey = hkdf(buffer, 112, { info: hkdfInfoKey(mediaType) });
+    return {
+        iv: expandedMediaKey.slice(0, 16),
+        cipherKey: expandedMediaKey.slice(16, 48),
+        macKey: expandedMediaKey.slice(48, 80)
+    };
+}
+/** Extracts video thumb using FFMPEG */
+export const extractVideoThumb = async (path, time, size) => {
+    const ffmpeg = spawn('ffmpeg', [
+        '-loglevel', 'error',
+        '-ss', String(time),
+        '-i', path,
+        '-an', '-sn', '-dn',
+        '-map_metadata', '-1',
+        '-vf', `scale=${size.width}:-1`,
+        '-frames:v', '1',
+        '-c:v', 'mjpeg',
+        '-f', 'image2pipe',
+        'pipe:1'
+    ], {
+        stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe']
+    });
+    let buffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
+    const stderrChunks = [];
+    ffmpeg.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+        buffer = Buffer.concat([buffer, chunk]);
+    });
+    ffmpeg.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => stderrChunks.push(chunk));
+    const [code] = await once(ffmpeg, 'close');
+    if (code !== 0) {
+        throw new Boom(`FFmpeg failed (code ${code}):\n` +
+            Buffer.concat(stderrChunks).toString('utf8'));
+    }
+    return buffer;
+};
+export const extractImageThumb = async (bufferOrFilePath, width = 32) => {
+    // TODO: Move entirely to sharp, removing jimp as it supports readable streams
+    // This will have positive speed and performance impacts as well as minimizing RAM usage.
+    if (bufferOrFilePath instanceof Readable) {
+        bufferOrFilePath = await toBuffer(bufferOrFilePath);
+    }
+    const lib = await getImageProcessingLibrary();
+    if ('sharp' in lib && lib.sharp?.default) {
+        const img = lib.sharp.default(bufferOrFilePath);
+        const dimensions = await img.metadata();
+        const buffer = await img.resize(width).jpeg({ quality: 50 }).toBuffer();
+        return {
+            buffer,
+            original: {
+                width: dimensions.width,
+                height: dimensions.height
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    else if ('image' in lib && lib.image?.Transformer) {
+        if (!Buffer.isBuffer(bufferOrFilePath)) {
+            bufferOrFilePath = await fs.readFile(bufferOrFilePath);
+        }
+        const img = new lib.image.Transformer(bufferOrFilePath);
+        const dimensions = await img.metadata();
+        const buffer = await img.resize(width, undefined, 0).jpeg(50);
+        return {
+            buffer,
+            original: {
+                width: dimensions.width,
+                height: dimensions.height
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    else if ('jimp' in lib && lib.jimp?.Jimp) {
+        const jimp = await lib.jimp.Jimp.read(bufferOrFilePath);
+        const dimensions = {
+            width: jimp.width,
+            height: jimp.height
+        };
+        const buffer = await jimp
+            .resize({ w: width, mode: lib.jimp.ResizeStrategy.BILINEAR })
+            .getBuffer('image/jpeg', { quality: 50 });
+        return {
+            buffer,
+            original: dimensions
+        };
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new Boom('No image processing library available');
+    }
+};
+export const encodeBase64EncodedStringForUpload = (b64) => encodeURIComponent(b64.replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/\=+$/, ''));
+export const generateProfilePicture = async (mediaUpload, dimensions) => {
+    let buffer;
+    const { width: w = 720, height: h = 720 } = dimensions || {};
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(mediaUpload)) {
+        buffer = mediaUpload;
+    }
+    else {
+        // Use getStream to handle all WAMediaUpload types (Buffer, Stream, URL)
+        const { stream } = await getStream(mediaUpload);
+        // Convert the resulting stream to a buffer
+        buffer = await toBuffer(stream);
+    }
+    const lib = await getImageProcessingLibrary();
+    let img;
+    if ('sharp' in lib && lib.sharp?.default) {
+        img = lib.sharp
+            .default(buffer)
+            .resize(w, h)
+            .jpeg({
+            quality: 80
+        })
+            .toBuffer();
+    }
+    else if ('image' in lib && lib.image?.Transformer) {
+        img = new lib.image
+            .Transformer(buffer)
+            .resize(w, h, 0)
+            .jpeg(80);
+    }
+    else if ('jimp' in lib && lib.jimp?.Jimp) {
+        const jimp = await lib.jimp.Jimp.read(buffer);
+        const min = Math.min(jimp.width, jimp.height);
+        const cropped = jimp.crop({ x: 0, y: 0, w: min, h: min });
+        img = cropped.resize({ w, h, mode: lib.jimp.ResizeStrategy.BILINEAR }).getBuffer('image/jpeg', { quality: 80 });
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new Boom('No image processing library available');
+    }
+    return {
+        img: await img
+    };
+};
+/** gets the SHA256 of the given media message */
+export const mediaMessageSHA256B64 = (message) => {
+    const media = Object.values(message)[0];
+    return media?.fileSha256 && Buffer.from(media.fileSha256).toString('base64');
+};
+export async function getAudioDuration(buffer) {
+    const musicMetadata = await import('music-metadata');
+    let metadata;
+    const options = {
+        duration: true
+    };
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(buffer)) {
+        metadata = await musicMetadata.parseBuffer(buffer, undefined, options);
+    }
+    else if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
+        metadata = await musicMetadata.parseFile(buffer, options);
+    }
+    else {
+        metadata = await musicMetadata.parseStream(buffer, undefined, options);
+    }
+    return metadata.format.duration;
+}
+/**
+  referenced from and modifying https://github.com/wppconnect-team/wa-js/blob/main/src/chat/functions/prepareAudioWaveform.ts
+ */
+export async function getAudioWaveform(buffer, logger) {
+    try {
+        // @ts-ignore
+        const { default: decoder } = await import('audio-decode');
+        let audioData;
+        if (Buffer.isBuffer(buffer)) {
+            audioData = buffer;
+        }
+        else if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
+            const rStream = createReadStream(buffer);
+            audioData = await toBuffer(rStream);
+        }
+        else {
+            audioData = await toBuffer(buffer);
+        }
+        const audioBuffer = await decoder(audioData);
+        const rawData = audioBuffer.getChannelData(0); // We only need to work with one channel of data
+        const samples = 64; // Number of samples we want to have in our final data set
+        const blockSize = Math.floor(rawData.length / samples); // the number of samples in each subdivision
+        const filteredData = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
+            const blockStart = blockSize * i; // the location of the first sample in the block
+            let sum = 0;
+            for (let j = 0; j < blockSize; j++) {
+                sum = sum + Math.abs(rawData[blockStart + j]); // find the sum of all the samples in the block
+            }
+            filteredData.push(sum / blockSize); // divide the sum by the block size to get the average
+        }
+        // This guarantees that the largest data point will be set to 1, and the rest of the data will scale proportionally.
+        const multiplier = Math.pow(Math.max(...filteredData), -1);
+        const normalizedData = filteredData.map(n => n * multiplier);
+        // Generate waveform like WhatsApp
+        const waveform = new Uint8Array(normalizedData.map(n => Math.floor(100 * n)));
+        return waveform;
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        logger?.debug('Failed to generate waveform: ' + e);
+    }
+}
+export const toReadable = (buffer) => {
+    const readable = new Readable({ read: () => { } });
+    readable.push(buffer);
+    readable.push(null);
+    return readable;
+};
+export const toBuffer = async (stream) => {
+    const chunks = [];
+    for await (const chunk of stream) {
+        chunks.push(chunk);
+    }
+    stream.destroy();
+    return Buffer.concat(chunks);
+};
+export const getStream = async (item, opts) => {
+    if (Buffer.isBuffer(item)) {
+        return { stream: toReadable(item), type: 'buffer' };
+    }
+    if ('stream' in item) {
+        return { stream: item.stream, type: 'readable' };
+    }
+    const urlStr = item.url.toString();
+    if (urlStr.startsWith('data:')) {
+        const buffer = Buffer.from(urlStr.split(',')[1], 'base64');
+        return { stream: toReadable(buffer), type: 'buffer' };
+    }
+    if (urlStr.startsWith('http://') || urlStr.startsWith('https://')) {
+        return { stream: await getHttpStream(item.url, opts), type: 'remote' };
+    }
+    return { stream: createReadStream(item.url), type: 'file' };
+};
+/** generates a thumbnail for a given media, if required */
+export async function generateThumbnail(file, mediaType, options) {
+    let thumbnail;
+    let originalImageDimensions;
+    if (mediaType === 'image') {
+        const { buffer, original } = await extractImageThumb(file);
+        thumbnail = buffer.toString('base64');
+        if (original.width && original.height) {
+            originalImageDimensions = {
+                width: original.width,
+                height: original.height
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    else if (mediaType === 'video') {
+        try {
+            const buff = await extractVideoThumb(file, '00:00:00', { width: 32, height: 32 });
+            thumbnail = buff.toString('base64');
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+            options.logger?.debug('could not generate video thumb: ' + err);
+        }
+    }
+    return {
+        thumbnail,
+        originalImageDimensions
+    };
+}
+export const getHttpStream = async (url, options = {}) => {
+    const response = await fetch(url.toString(), {
+        dispatcher: options.dispatcher,
+        method: 'GET',
+        headers: options.headers,
+        // JAP@Fix (bug 26/39): no timeout = potential infinite hang on slow CDN
+        signal: options.timeoutMs ? AbortSignal.timeout(options.timeoutMs) : AbortSignal.timeout(60000)
+    });
+    if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Boom(`Failed to fetch stream from ${url}`, { statusCode: response.status, data: { url } });
+    }
+    // @ts-ignore Node18+ Readable.fromWeb exists
+    return response.body instanceof Readable ? response.body : Readable.fromWeb(response.body);
+};
+export const encryptedStream = async (media, mediaType, { logger, saveOriginalFileIfRequired, opts } = {}) => {
+    const { stream, type } = await getStream(media, opts);
+    logger?.debug('fetched media stream');
+    const mediaKey = Crypto.randomBytes(32);
+    const { cipherKey, iv, macKey } = await getMediaKeys(mediaKey, mediaType);
+    const encFilePath = join(getTmpFilesDirectory(), mediaType + generateMessageIDV2() + '-enc');
+    const encFileWriteStream = createWriteStream(encFilePath);
+    let originalFileStream;
+    let originalFilePath;
+    if (saveOriginalFileIfRequired) {
+        originalFilePath = join(getTmpFilesDirectory(), mediaType + generateMessageIDV2() + '-original');
+        originalFileStream = createWriteStream(originalFilePath);
+    }
+    let fileLength = 0;
+    const aes = Crypto.createCipheriv('aes-256-cbc', cipherKey, iv);
+    const hmac = Crypto.createHmac('sha256', macKey).update(iv);
+    const sha256Plain = Crypto.createHash('sha256');
+    const sha256Enc = Crypto.createHash('sha256');
+    const onChunk = async (buff) => {
+        sha256Enc.update(buff);
+        hmac.update(buff);
+        // Handle backpressure: if write returns false, wait for drain
+        if (!encFileWriteStream.write(buff)) {
+            await once(encFileWriteStream, 'drain');
+        }
+    };
+    try {
+        for await (const data of stream) {
+            fileLength += data.length;
+            if (type === 'remote' &&
+                opts?.maxContentLength &&
+                fileLength + data.length > opts.maxContentLength) {
+                throw new Boom(`content length exceeded when encrypting "${type}"`, {
+                    data: { media, type }
+                });
+            }
+            if (originalFileStream) {
+                if (!originalFileStream.write(data)) {
+                    await once(originalFileStream, 'drain');
+                }
+            }
+            sha256Plain.update(data);
+            await onChunk(aes.update(data));
+        }
+        await onChunk(aes.final());
+        const mac = hmac.digest().slice(0, 10);
+        sha256Enc.update(mac);
+        const fileSha256 = sha256Plain.digest();
+        const fileEncSha256 = sha256Enc.digest();
+        encFileWriteStream.write(mac);
+        const encFinishPromise = once(encFileWriteStream, 'finish');
+        const originalFinishPromise = originalFileStream ? once(originalFileStream, 'finish') : Promise.resolve();
+        encFileWriteStream.end();
+        originalFileStream?.end?.();
+        stream.destroy();
+        // Wait for write streams to fully flush to disk
+        // This helps reduce memory pressure by allowing OS to release buffers
+        await encFinishPromise;
+        await originalFinishPromise;
+        logger?.debug('encrypted data successfully');
+        return {
+            mediaKey,
+            originalFilePath,
+            encFilePath,
+            mac,
+            fileEncSha256,
+            fileSha256,
+            fileLength
+        };
+    }
+    catch (error) {
+        // destroy all streams with error
+        encFileWriteStream.destroy();
+        originalFileStream?.destroy?.();
+        aes.destroy();
+        hmac.destroy();
+        sha256Plain.destroy();
+        sha256Enc.destroy();
+        stream.destroy();
+        try {
+            await fs.unlink(encFilePath);
+            if (originalFilePath) {
+                await fs.unlink(originalFilePath);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+            logger?.error({ err }, 'failed deleting tmp files');
+        }
+        throw error;
+    }
+};
+export const DEF_MEDIA_HOST = 'mmg.whatsapp.net';
+const AES_CHUNK_SIZE = 16;
+const toSmallestChunkSize = (num) => {
+    return Math.floor(num / AES_CHUNK_SIZE) * AES_CHUNK_SIZE;
+};
+export const getUrlFromDirectPath = (directPath, host = DEF_MEDIA_HOST) => `https://${host}${directPath}`;
+const extractHost = (url) => {
+    if (!url)
+        return undefined;
+    try {
+        return new URL(url).host;
+    }
+    catch {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+};
+export const downloadContentFromMessage = async ({ mediaKey, directPath, url }, type, opts = {}) => {
+    // Fallback host: explicit opt > host parsed from `url` > DEF_MEDIA_HOST.
+    // Lets us honor a non-default host carried by the proto without forcing callers to thread it through.
+    const fallbackHost = opts.host ?? extractHost(url);
+    const downloadUrl = directPath ? getUrlFromDirectPath(directPath, fallbackHost) : url;
+    if (!downloadUrl) {
+        throw new Boom('No valid media URL or directPath present in message', { statusCode: 400 });
+    }
+    const keys = await getMediaKeys(mediaKey, type);
+    // JAP@Fix (bug 24): was single-attempt only — now retries up to 3x with delay
+    const MAX_RETRIES = 3;
+    let lastErr;
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < MAX_RETRIES; attempt++) {
+        try {
+            return await downloadEncryptedContent(downloadUrl, keys, opts);
+        } catch (err) {
+            lastErr = err;
+            if (attempt < MAX_RETRIES - 1) {
+                await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500 * (attempt + 1)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    throw lastErr;
+};
+/**
+ * Decrypts and downloads an AES256-CBC encrypted file given the keys.
+ * Assumes the SHA256 of the plaintext is appended to the end of the ciphertext
+ * */
+export const downloadEncryptedContent = async (downloadUrl, { cipherKey, iv }, { startByte, endByte, options } = {}) => {
+    let bytesFetched = 0;
+    let startChunk = 0;
+    let firstBlockIsIV = false;
+    // if a start byte is specified -- then we need to fetch the previous chunk as that will form the IV
+    if (startByte) {
+        const chunk = toSmallestChunkSize(startByte || 0);
+        if (chunk) {
+            startChunk = chunk - AES_CHUNK_SIZE;
+            bytesFetched = chunk;
+            firstBlockIsIV = true;
+        }
+    }
+    const endChunk = endByte ? toSmallestChunkSize(endByte || 0) + AES_CHUNK_SIZE : undefined;
+    const headersInit = options?.headers ? options.headers : undefined;
+    const headers = {
+        ...(headersInit
+            ? Array.isArray(headersInit)
+                ? Object.fromEntries(headersInit)
+                : headersInit
+            : {}),
+        Origin: DEFAULT_ORIGIN
+    };
+    if (startChunk || endChunk) {
+        headers.Range = `bytes=${startChunk}-`;
+        if (endChunk) {
+            headers.Range += endChunk;
+        }
+    }
+    // download the message
+    const fetched = await getHttpStream(downloadUrl, {
+        ...(options || {}),
+        headers
+    });
+    let remainingBytes = Buffer.from([]);
+    let aes;
+    const pushBytes = (bytes, push) => {
+        if (startByte || endByte) {
+            const start = bytesFetched >= startByte ? undefined : Math.max(startByte - bytesFetched, 0);
+            const end = bytesFetched + bytes.length < endByte ? undefined : Math.max(endByte - bytesFetched, 0);
+            push(bytes.slice(start, end));
+            bytesFetched += bytes.length;
+        }
+        else {
+            push(bytes);
+        }
+    };
+    const output = new Transform({
+        transform(chunk, _, callback) {
+            let data = remainingBytes.length ? Buffer.concat([remainingBytes, chunk]) : chunk;
+            const decryptLength = toSmallestChunkSize(data.length);
+            remainingBytes = data.slice(decryptLength);
+            data = data.slice(0, decryptLength);
+            if (!aes) {
+                let ivValue = iv;
+                if (firstBlockIsIV) {
+                    ivValue = data.slice(0, AES_CHUNK_SIZE);
+                    data = data.slice(AES_CHUNK_SIZE);
+                }
+                aes = Crypto.createDecipheriv('aes-256-cbc', cipherKey, ivValue);
+                // if an end byte that is not EOF is specified
+                // stop auto padding (PKCS7) -- otherwise throws an error for decryption
+                if (endByte) {
+                    aes.setAutoPadding(false);
+                }
+            }
+            try {
+                pushBytes(aes.update(data), b => this.push(b));
+                callback();
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                callback(error);
+            }
+        },
+        final(callback) {
+            try {
+                pushBytes(aes.final(), b => this.push(b));
+                callback();
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                callback(error);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    return fetched.pipe(output, { end: true });
+};
+export function extensionForMediaMessage(message) {
+    const getExtension = (mimetype) => mimetype.split(';')[0]?.split('/')[1];
+    const type = Object.keys(message)[0];
+    let extension;
+    if (type === 'locationMessage' || type === 'liveLocationMessage' || type === 'productMessage') {
+        extension = '.jpeg';
+    }
+    else {
+        const messageContent = message[type];
+        extension = getExtension(messageContent.mimetype);
+    }
+    return extension;
+}
+const isNodeRuntime = () => {
+    return (typeof process !== 'undefined' &&
+        process.versions?.node !== null &&
+        typeof process.versions.bun === 'undefined' &&
+        typeof globalThis.Deno === 'undefined');
+};
+export const uploadWithNodeHttp = async ({ url, filePath, headers, timeoutMs, agent }, redirectCount = 0) => {
+    if (redirectCount > 5) {
+        throw new Error('Too many redirects');
+    }
+    const parsedUrl = new URL(url);
+    const httpModule = parsedUrl.protocol === 'https:' ? await import('https') : await import('http');
+    // Get file size for Content-Length header (required for Node.js streaming)
+    const fileStats = await fs.stat(filePath);
+    const fileSize = fileStats.size;
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        const req = httpModule.request({
+            hostname: parsedUrl.hostname,
+            port: parsedUrl.port || (parsedUrl.protocol === 'https:' ? 443 : 80),
+            path: parsedUrl.pathname + parsedUrl.search,
+            method: 'POST',
+            headers: {
+                ...headers,
+                'Content-Length': fileSize
+            },
+            agent,
+            timeout: timeoutMs
+        }, res => {
+            // Handle redirects (3xx)
+            if (res.statusCode && res.statusCode >= 300 && res.statusCode < 400 && res.headers.location) {
+                res.resume(); // Consume response to free resources
+                const newUrl = new URL(res.headers.location, url).toString();
+                resolve(uploadWithNodeHttp({
+                    url: newUrl,
+                    filePath,
+                    headers,
+                    timeoutMs,
+                    agent
+                }, redirectCount + 1));
+                return;
+            }
+            let body = '';
+            res.on('data', chunk => (body += chunk));
+            res.on('end', () => {
+                try {
+                    resolve(JSON.parse(body));
+                }
+                catch {
+                    resolve(undefined);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+        req.on('error', reject);
+        req.on('timeout', () => {
+            req.destroy();
+            reject(new Error('Upload timeout'));
+        });
+        const stream = createReadStream(filePath);
+        stream.pipe(req);
+        stream.on('error', err => {
+            req.destroy();
+            reject(err);
+        });
+    });
+};
+const uploadWithFetch = async ({ url, filePath, headers, timeoutMs, agent }) => {
+    // Convert Node.js Readable to Web ReadableStream
+    const nodeStream = createReadStream(filePath);
+    const webStream = Readable.toWeb(nodeStream);
+    // Native fetch only accepts Undici-style dispatchers, not generic https Agents.
+    const dispatcher = typeof agent?.dispatch === 'function' ? agent : undefined;
+    const response = await fetch(url, {
+        ...(dispatcher ? { dispatcher } : {}),
+        method: 'POST',
+        body: webStream,
+        headers,
+        duplex: 'half',
+        signal: timeoutMs ? AbortSignal.timeout(timeoutMs) : undefined
+    });
+    try {
+        return (await response.json());
+    }
+    catch {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+};
+/**
+ * Uploads media to WhatsApp servers.
+ *
+ * ## Why we have two upload implementations:
+ *
+ * Node.js's native `fetch` (powered by undici) has a known bug where it buffers
+ * the entire request body in memory before sending, even when using streams.
+ * This causes memory issues with large files (e.g., 1GB file = 1GB+ memory usage).
+ * See: https://github.com/nodejs/undici/issues/4058
+ *
+ * Other runtimes (Bun, Deno, browsers) correctly stream the request body without
+ * buffering, so we can use the web-standard Fetch API there.
+ *
+ * ## Future considerations:
+ * Once the undici bug is fixed, we can simplify this to use only the Fetch API
+ * across all runtimes. Monitor the GitHub issue for updates.
+ */
+const uploadMedia = async (params, logger) => {
+    if (isNodeRuntime()) {
+        logger?.debug('Using Node.js https module for upload (avoids undici buffering bug)');
+        return uploadWithNodeHttp(params);
+    }
+    else {
+        logger?.debug('Using web-standard Fetch API for upload');
+        return uploadWithFetch(params);
+    }
+};
+export const getWAUploadToServer = ({ customUploadHosts, fetchAgent, logger, options }, refreshMediaConn) => {
+    return async (filePath, { mediaType, fileEncSha256B64, timeoutMs, newsletter }) => {
+        // send a query JSON to obtain the url & auth token to upload our media
+        let uploadInfo = await refreshMediaConn(false);
+        let urls;
+        const hosts = [...customUploadHosts, ...uploadInfo.hosts];
+        fileEncSha256B64 = encodeBase64EncodedStringForUpload(fileEncSha256B64);
+        // Prepare common headers
+        const customHeaders = (() => {
+            const hdrs = options?.headers;
+            if (!hdrs)
+                return {};
+            return Array.isArray(hdrs) ? Object.fromEntries(hdrs) : hdrs;
+        })();
+        const headers = {
+            ...customHeaders,
+            'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream',
+            Origin: DEFAULT_ORIGIN
+        };
+        for (let hostIdx = 0; hostIdx < hosts.length; hostIdx++) {
+            const { hostname } = hosts[hostIdx];
+            logger.debug(`uploading to "${hostname}"`);
+            const auth = encodeURIComponent(uploadInfo.auth);
+            // JAP@Changes 06-02-26 --- Switch media path map for newsletter uploads
+            const mediaPathMap = newsletter ? NEWSLETTER_MEDIA_PATH_MAP : MEDIA_PATH_MAP;
+            // JAP@Changes 20-03-26 --- Add server thumb for newsletter media
+            const serverThumb = newsletter ? '&server_thumb_gen=1' : '';
+            const url = `https://${hostname}${mediaPathMap[mediaType]}/${fileEncSha256B64}?auth=${auth}&token=${fileEncSha256B64}${serverThumb}`;
+            let result;
+            try {
+                result = await uploadMedia({
+                    url,
+                    filePath,
+                    headers,
+                    timeoutMs,
+                    agent: fetchAgent
+                }, logger);
+                if (result?.url || result?.direct_path) {
+                    urls = {
+                        mediaUrl: result.url,
+                        directPath: result.direct_path,
+                        meta_hmac: result.meta_hmac,
+                        fbid: result.fbid,
+                        ts: result.ts,
+                        thumbnailDirectPath: result.thumbnail_info?.thumbnail_direct_path,
+                        thumbnailSha256: result.thumbnail_info?.thumbnail_sha256
+                    };
+                    break;
+                }
+                else {
+                    uploadInfo = await refreshMediaConn(true);
+                    throw new Error(`upload failed, reason: ${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                const isLast = hostIdx === hosts.length - 1;
+                logger.warn({ trace: error?.stack, uploadResult: result }, `Error in uploading to ${hostname} ${isLast ? '' : ', retrying...'}`);
+                // JAP@Fix (bug 23): add exponential backoff delay between hosts instead of immediate retry
+                if (!isLast) {
+                    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 300 * (hostIdx + 1)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!urls) {
+            throw new Boom('Media upload failed on all hosts', { statusCode: 500 });
+        }
+        return urls;
+    };
+};
+const getMediaRetryKey = (mediaKey) => {
+    return hkdf(mediaKey, 32, { info: 'WhatsApp Media Retry Notification' });
+};
+/**
+ * Generate a binary node that will request the phone to re-upload the media & return the newly uploaded URL
+ */
+export const encryptMediaRetryRequest = (key, mediaKey, meId) => {
+    const recp = { stanzaId: key.id };
+    const recpBuffer = proto.ServerErrorReceipt.encode(recp).finish();
+    const iv = Crypto.randomBytes(12);
+    const retryKey = getMediaRetryKey(mediaKey);
+    const ciphertext = aesEncryptGCM(recpBuffer, retryKey, iv, Buffer.from(key.id));
+    const req = {
+        tag: 'receipt',
+        attrs: {
+            id: key.id,
+            to: jidNormalizedUser(meId),
+            type: 'server-error'
+        },
+        content: [
+            // this encrypt node is actually pretty useless
+            // the media is returned even without this node
+            // keeping it here to maintain parity with WA Web
+            {
+                tag: 'encrypt',
+                attrs: {},
+                content: [
+                    { tag: 'enc_p', attrs: {}, content: ciphertext },
+                    { tag: 'enc_iv', attrs: {}, content: iv }
+                ]
+            },
+            {
+                tag: 'rmr',
+                attrs: {
+                    jid: key.remoteJid,
+                    from_me: (!!key.fromMe).toString(),
+                    // @ts-ignore
+                    participant: key.participant || undefined
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    };
+    return req;
+};
+export const decodeMediaRetryNode = (node) => {
+    const rmrNode = getBinaryNodeChild(node, 'rmr');
+    const event = {
+        key: {
+            id: node.attrs.id,
+            remoteJid: rmrNode.attrs.jid,
+            fromMe: rmrNode.attrs.from_me === 'true',
+            participant: rmrNode.attrs.participant
+        }
+    };
+    const errorNode = getBinaryNodeChild(node, 'error');
+    if (errorNode) {
+        const errorCode = +errorNode.attrs.code;
+        event.error = new Boom(`Failed to re-upload media (${errorCode})`, {
+            data: errorNode.attrs,
+            statusCode: getStatusCodeForMediaRetry(errorCode)
+        });
+    }
+    else {
+        const encryptedInfoNode = getBinaryNodeChild(node, 'encrypt');
+        const ciphertext = getBinaryNodeChildBuffer(encryptedInfoNode, 'enc_p');
+        const iv = getBinaryNodeChildBuffer(encryptedInfoNode, 'enc_iv');
+        if (ciphertext && iv) {
+            event.media = { ciphertext, iv };
+        }
+        else {
+            event.error = new Boom('Failed to re-upload media (missing ciphertext)', { statusCode: 404 });
+        }
+    }
+    return event;
+};
+export const decryptMediaRetryData = ({ ciphertext, iv }, mediaKey, msgId) => {
+    const retryKey = getMediaRetryKey(mediaKey);
+    const plaintext = aesDecryptGCM(ciphertext, retryKey, iv, Buffer.from(msgId));
+    return proto.MediaRetryNotification.decode(plaintext);
+};
+export const getStatusCodeForMediaRetry = (code) => MEDIA_RETRY_STATUS_MAP[code];
+const MEDIA_RETRY_STATUS_MAP = {
+    [proto.MediaRetryNotification.ResultType.SUCCESS]: 200,
+    [proto.MediaRetryNotification.ResultType.DECRYPTION_ERROR]: 412,
+    [proto.MediaRetryNotification.ResultType.NOT_FOUND]: 404,
+    [proto.MediaRetryNotification.ResultType.GENERAL_ERROR]: 418
+};