@itwin/core-geometry 4.7.0-dev.9 → 4.8.0-dev.1

package/lib/cjs/geometry3d/Angle.js

@@ -380,11 +380,12 @@ class Angle {
             && dotUV * dotUV <= Geometry_1.Geometry.smallAngleRadiansSquared * dotUU * dotVV;
     }
     /**
-     * Return cosine, sine, and radians for the half angle of a "cosine,sine" pair.
-     * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI
-     * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI
-     * @param rCos2A cosine value (scaled by radius) for initial angle.
-     * @param rSin2A sine value (scaled by radius) for final angle.
+     * Compute the angle A given r*cos(2A) and r*sin(2A) for some nonnegative scalar r.
+     * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI.
+     * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI.
+     * @param rCos2A scaled cosine value of twice the angle A.
+     * @param rSin2A scaled sine value of twice the angle A.
+     * @return cos(A), sin(A) and A in radians
      */
     static trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(rCos2A, rSin2A) {
         const r = Geometry_1.Geometry.hypotenuseXY(rCos2A, rSin2A);
@@ -394,41 +395,25 @@ class Angle {
         else {
             /* If the caller really gave you sine and cosine values, r should be 1.  However,
              * to allow scaled values -- e.g. the x and y components of any vector -- we normalize
-             * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and 2 divides to the whole process, but improves
+             * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and two divisions, but improves
              * both the usefulness and robustness of the computation.
              */
             let cosA;
             let sinA = 0.0;
             const cos2A = rCos2A / r;
             const sin2A = rSin2A / r;
-            // Original angle in NE and SE quadrants. Half angle in same quadrant
-            if (cos2A >= 0.0) {
-                /*
-                 * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2
-                 * so 1 + cos2A = 2(cosA)^2 and therefore, cosA = sqrt((1+cos2A)/2)
-                 * cosine is positive in NE and SE quadrants so we use +sqrt
-                 */
-                cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A));
-                // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so sinA = sin2A/(2*cosA)
-                sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA);
+            if (cos2A >= 0.0) { // 2A is in NE and SE quadrants, A in same quadrant
+                cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since cosA >= 0
+                sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA); // double angle formula
             }
             else {
-                // Original angle in NW quadrant. Half angle in NE quadrant
-                if (sin2A > 0.0) {
-                    /*
-                     * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2
-                     * so 1 - cos2A = 2(sinA)^2 and therefore, sinA = sqrt((1-cos2A)/2)
-                     * sine is positive in NE quadrant so we use +sqrt
-                     */
-                    sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));
-                    // Original angle in SW quadrant. Half angle in SE quadrant
+                if (sin2A > 0.0) { // 2A in NW quadrant. A in NE quadrant
+                    sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since sinA > 0
                 }
-                else {
-                    // sine is negative in SE quadrant so we use -sqrt
-                    sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));
+                else { // 2A in SW quadrant. A in SE quadrant
+                    sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use -root since sinA <= 0
                 }
-                // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so cosA = sin2A/(2*sinA)
-                cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // always positive
+                cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // double angle formula
             }
             return { c: cosA, s: sinA, radians: Math.atan2(sinA, cosA) };
         }
@@ -447,18 +432,19 @@ class Angle {
         return value;
     }
     /**
-     * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for given dot products between vectors. The vectors define
-     * an ellipse using x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t) so U and V are at angle t=0 degree and t=90 degree. The
-     * half angle t0 is an angle such that x(t0) is one of the ellipse semi-axis.
-     * * This construction arises e.g. in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.
-     * * Given ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t), find t0 such that radial vector W(t0) = x(t0) - c is
-     * perpendicular to the ellipse.
+     * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for the given vector dot products.
+     * * These values arise e.g. in the computation performed in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.
+     * * Let vectors U and V define the ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t). We seek an angle t0
+     * such that the radial vector W(t0) := x(t0) - c is perpendicular to the ellipse.
      * * Then 0 = W(t0).x'(t0) = (U cos(t0) + V sin(t0)).(V cos(t0) - U sin(t0)) = U.V cos(2t0) + 0.5 (V.V - U.U) sin(2t0)
-     * implies sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the three dot products on the RHS.
-     * math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md
+     * implies tan(2t0) = sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the input dot products.
+     * Math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md
      * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself
      * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself
      * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV
+     * @param favorZero whether to allow a tight tolerance for returning t0 = 0 (default true).
+     * When dotUV is near zero, U and V are nearly perpendicular, and the returned angle is near zero.
+     * @return the angle t0 and its cosine and sine.
      */
     static dotProductsToHalfAngleTrigValues(dotUU, dotVV, dotUV, favorZero = true) {
         const cos2t0 = dotUU - dotVV;

package/lib/cjs/geometry3d/Angle.js.map

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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\r\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\r\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\r\n/** @packageDocumentation\r\n * @module CartesianGeometry\r\n */\r\n\r\nimport { AngleProps, BeJSONFunctions, Geometry, TrigValues } from \"../Geometry\";\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * An `Angle` carries the numeric value of an angle, with methods to allow (require!) callers to\r\n * be clear about whether their angle is degrees or radians.\r\n * * After the Angle object is created, the callers should not know or care whether it is stored in\r\n * `degrees` or `radians` because both are available if requested by caller.\r\n * * The various access method are named so that callers can specify whether untyped numbers passed in or\r\n * out are degrees or radians.\r\n * * Visualization can be found at https://www.itwinjs.org/sandbox/SaeedTorabi/AngleSweep\r\n * @public\r\n */\r\nexport class Angle implements BeJSONFunctions {\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/12 (15 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver12Radians = 0.26179938779914946;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/4 (45 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver4Radians = 7.853981633974483e-001;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/2 (90 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver2Radians = 1.5707963267948966e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi (180 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piRadians = 3.141592653589793e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of 2*pi (360 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly pi2Radians = 6.283185307179586e+000;\r\n  /** scale factor for converting radians to degrees */\r\n  public static readonly degreesPerRadian = (45.0 / Angle.piOver4Radians);\r\n  /** scale factor for converting degrees to radians */\r\n  public static readonly radiansPerDegree = (Angle.piOver4Radians / 45.0);\r\n  private _radians: number;\r\n  private _degrees?: number;\r\n  private constructor(radians = 0, degrees?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a new angle with the same content. */\r\n  public clone(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this._radians, this._degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Freeze this instance so it is read-only */\r\n  public freeze(): Readonly<this> {\r\n    return Object.freeze(this);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new Angle object for angle given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static createDegrees(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees), degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object for a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createRadians(radians: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new `Angle` object with the default \"small\" angle measurement specified by [[Geometry.smallAngleRadians]].\r\n   */\r\n  public static createSmallAngle(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.smallAngleRadians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object that is interpolated between two inputs (based on a fraction)\r\n   * @param angle0 first angle in radians\r\n   * @param fraction the interpolation fraction\r\n   * @param angle1 second angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createInterpolate(angle0: Angle, fraction: number, angle1: Angle): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.interpolate(angle0.radians, fraction, angle1.radians));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object, with angle scaled from existing angle.\r\n   * @param scale scale factor to apply to angle.\r\n   */\r\n  public cloneScaled(scale: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this.radians * scale);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle given in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public setRadians(radians: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = undefined;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle given in degrees.\r\n   */\r\n  public setDegrees(degrees: number) {\r\n    this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees);\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle for a full circle. */\r\n  public static create360(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.PI * 2.0, 360.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create a (strongly typed) Angle whose tangent is `numerator/denominator`, using the signs of both in\r\n   * determining the (otherwise ambiguous) quadrant.\r\n   * @param numerator numerator for tangent\r\n   * @param denominator denominator for tangent\r\n   */\r\n  public static createAtan2(numerator: number, denominator: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.atan2(numerator, denominator));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Copy all contents of `other` to this Angle.\r\n   * @param other source data\r\n   */\r\n  public setFrom(other: Angle) {\r\n    this._radians = other._radians;\r\n    this._degrees = other._degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * * A simple number is considered as degrees.\r\n   * * specified `json.degrees` or `json._degrees` is degree value.\r\n   * * specified `son.radians` or `json._radians` is radians value.\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   */\r\n  public setFromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = defaultValRadians ? defaultValRadians : 0;\r\n    if (!json)\r\n      return;\r\n    if (typeof json === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees(json);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any).degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any)._degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any).radians);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any)._radians);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   * @return a new Angle\r\n   */\r\n  public static fromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number): Angle {\r\n    const val = new Angle();\r\n    val.setFromJSON(json, defaultValRadians);\r\n    return val;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Convert an Angle to a JSON object as a number in degrees */\r\n  public toJSON(): AngleProps {\r\n    return this.degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a json object with radians keyword, e.g. `{ radians: 0.10}` */\r\n  public toJSONRadians(): AngleProps {\r\n    return { radians: this.radians };\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in radians. */\r\n  public get radians(): number {\r\n    return this._radians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in degrees. */\r\n  public get degrees(): number {\r\n    return this._degrees !== undefined ? this._degrees : Angle.radiansToDegrees(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in degrees to radians.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static degreesToRadians(degrees: number): number {\r\n    return degrees * Math.PI / 180;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in radians to degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansToDegrees(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians < 0)\r\n      return -Angle.radiansToDegrees(-radians);\r\n    // Now radians is positive ...\r\n    const pi = Math.PI;\r\n    const factor = 180.0 / pi;\r\n    /* the following if statements are for round-off reasons. The problem is that no IEEE number is\r\n      * an exact hit for any primary multiple of pi (90, 180, etc). The following is supposed to have\r\n      * a better chance that if the input was computed by direct assignment from 90, 180, etc degrees\r\n      * it will return exactly 90,180 etc.\r\n      */\r\n    if (radians <= 0.25 * pi)\r\n      return factor * radians;\r\n    if (radians < 0.75 * pi)\r\n      return 90.0 + 180 * ((radians - 0.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.25 * pi)\r\n      return 180.0 + 180 * ((radians - pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.75 * pi)\r\n      return 270.0 + 180 * ((radians - 1.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    // all larger radians reference from 360 degrees (2PI)\r\n    return 360.0 + 180 * ((radians - 2.0 * pi) / pi);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the cosine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public cos(): number {\r\n    return Math.cos(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the sine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public sin(): number {\r\n    return Math.sin(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the tangent of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public tan(): number {\r\n    return Math.tan(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if a radians (absolute) value is nearly 2PI or larger! */\r\n  public static isFullCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radians) >= Geometry.fullCircleRadiansMinusSmallAngle;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the radians value is a half circle */\r\n  public static isHalfCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(Math.abs(radians) - Math.PI) <= Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a full circle */\r\n  public get isFullCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isFullCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a half circle (in either direction) */\r\n  public get isHalfCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..360 */\r\n  public static adjustDegrees0To360(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      if (degrees < period)\r\n        return degrees;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(degrees / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      const radians = Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(-degrees);\r\n      return 360.0 - radians;\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for Nan (disaster) !!!\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is in -180..180 */\r\n  public static adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(degrees) <= 180.0)\r\n      return degrees;\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((degrees - 180.0) / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(-degrees);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..2Pi */\r\n  public static adjustRadians0To2Pi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      if (radians < period)\r\n        return radians;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(radians / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return Math.PI * 2.0 - Angle.adjustRadians0To2Pi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in -PI..PI */\r\n  public static adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(radians) <= Math.PI)\r\n      return radians;\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((radians - Math.PI) / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a (newly allocated) Angle object with value 0 radians */\r\n  public static zero(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is exactly zero. */\r\n  public get isExactZero(): boolean {\r\n    return this.radians === 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost zero (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostZero(): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost a north or south pole (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostNorthOrSouthPole(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this.radians * 2.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into 0..360. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustPositive(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into -180..180. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustSigned180(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two radians values are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e. by a multiple of `2*PI`)\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    const delta = Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB);\r\n    if (delta <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n    if (Math.abs(delta - period) <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const numPeriod = Math.round(delta / period);\r\n    const delta1 = delta - numPeriod * period;\r\n    return Math.abs(delta1) <= radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n * Test if this angle has magnitude no greater than that of `other`.\r\n * @param other the other angle\r\n */\r\n  public isMagnitudeLessThanOrEqual(other: Angle): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) <= Math.abs(other.radians);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if this angle and other are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualAllowPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two angle (in radians)  almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB) < radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * * This function is same as isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift. Please use isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift.\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return this.isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if dot product values indicate non-zero length perpendicular vectors.\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   */\r\n  public static isPerpendicularDotSet(dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number): boolean {\r\n    return dotUU > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotVV > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotUV * dotUV <= Geometry.smallAngleRadiansSquared * dotUU * dotVV;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return cosine, sine, and radians for the half angle of a \"cosine,sine\" pair.\r\n   * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI\r\n   * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI\r\n   * @param rCos2A cosine value (scaled by radius) for initial angle.\r\n   * @param rSin2A sine value (scaled by radius) for final angle.\r\n   */\r\n  public static trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(rCos2A: number, rSin2A: number): TrigValues {\r\n    const r = Geometry.hypotenuseXY(rCos2A, rSin2A);\r\n    if (r < Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 }; // angle = 0\r\n    } else {\r\n      /* If the caller really gave you sine and cosine values, r should be 1.  However,\r\n       * to allow scaled values -- e.g. the x and y components of any vector -- we normalize\r\n       * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and 2 divides to the whole process, but improves\r\n       * both the usefulness and robustness of the computation.\r\n       */\r\n      let cosA;\r\n      let sinA = 0.0;\r\n      const cos2A = rCos2A / r;\r\n      const sin2A = rSin2A / r;\r\n      // Original angle in NE and SE quadrants. Half angle in same quadrant\r\n      if (cos2A >= 0.0) {\r\n        /*\r\n         * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2\r\n         * so 1 + cos2A = 2(cosA)^2 and therefore, cosA = sqrt((1+cos2A)/2)\r\n         * cosine is positive in NE and SE quadrants so we use +sqrt\r\n         */\r\n        cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A));\r\n        // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so sinA = sin2A/(2*cosA)\r\n        sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA);\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Original angle in NW quadrant. Half angle in NE quadrant\r\n        if (sin2A > 0.0) {\r\n          /*\r\n           * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2\r\n           * so 1 - cos2A = 2(sinA)^2 and therefore, sinA = sqrt((1-cos2A)/2)\r\n           * sine is positive in NE quadrant so we use +sqrt\r\n           */\r\n          sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));\r\n          // Original angle in SW quadrant. Half angle in SE quadrant\r\n        } else {\r\n          // sine is negative in SE quadrant so we use -sqrt\r\n          sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));\r\n        }\r\n        // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so cosA = sin2A/(2*sinA)\r\n        cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // always positive\r\n      }\r\n      return { c: cosA, s: sinA, radians: Math.atan2(sinA, cosA) };\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /** If value is close to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, adjust it to the exact value. */\r\n  public static cleanupTrigValue(value: number, tolerance: number = Geometry.smallFloatingPoint): number {\r\n    const absValue = Math.abs(value);\r\n    if (absValue <= tolerance)\r\n      return 0;\r\n    let a = Math.abs(absValue - 0.5);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -0.5 : 0.5;\r\n    a = Math.abs(absValue - 1.0);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0;\r\n    return value;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for given dot products between vectors. The vectors define\r\n   * an ellipse using x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t) so U and V are at angle t=0 degree and t=90 degree. The\r\n   * half angle t0 is an angle such that x(t0) is one of the ellipse semi-axis.\r\n   * * This construction arises e.g. in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.\r\n   * * Given ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t), find t0 such that radial vector W(t0) = x(t0) - c is\r\n   * perpendicular to the ellipse.\r\n   * * Then 0 = W(t0).x'(t0) = (U cos(t0) + V sin(t0)).(V cos(t0) - U sin(t0)) = U.V cos(2t0) + 0.5 (V.V - U.U) sin(2t0)\r\n   * implies sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the three dot products on the RHS.\r\n   * math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   */\r\n  public static dotProductsToHalfAngleTrigValues(\r\n    dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number, favorZero: boolean = true,\r\n  ): TrigValues {\r\n\r\n    const cos2t0 = dotUU - dotVV;\r\n    const sin2t0 = 2.0 * dotUV;\r\n    if (favorZero && Math.abs(sin2t0) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians * (Math.abs(dotUU) + Math.abs(dotVV)))\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 };\r\n    return Angle.trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(cos2t0, sin2t0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components\r\n   * * The returned angle is between 0 and PI\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number, vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    return Math.atan2(Geometry.crossProductMagnitude(ux, uy, uz, vx, vy, vz), uDotV);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components, and an up vector to resolve\r\n   * angle to a full 2PI range.\r\n   * * The returned angle is (-PI < radians <= PI) or (0 <= radians < 2 * PI)\r\n   * * The angle is in the plane of the U and V vectors.\r\n   * * The upVector determines a positive side of the plane but need not be strictly perpendicular to the plane.\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   * @param upVectorX x component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorY y component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorZ z component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param adjustToAllPositive if true, return strictly non-negative sweep (0 <= radians < 2*PI). If false, return\r\n   * signed (-PI < radians <= PI)\r\n   */\r\n  public static orientedRadiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number,\r\n    vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n    upVectorX: number, upVectorY: number, upVectorZ: number,\r\n    adjustToPositive: boolean = false,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    const wx = uy * vz - uz * vy;\r\n    const wy = uz * vx - ux * vz;\r\n    const wz = ux * vy - uy * vx;\r\n    const upDotW = upVectorX * wx + upVectorY * wy + upVectorZ * wz;\r\n    const crossMagnitude = Geometry.hypotenuseXYZ(wx, wy, wz);\r\n    if (upDotW < 0.0) {\r\n      if (adjustToPositive) {\r\n        // The turn is greater than 180 degrees.  Take a peculiarly oriented atan2 to get the excess-180 part as\r\n        // addition to PI. This gives the smoothest numerical transition passing PI.\r\n        return Math.PI + Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, -uDotV);\r\n      } else {\r\n        return -Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n      }\r\n    } else {\r\n      return Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Add a multiple of a full circle angle (360 degrees, 2PI) in place.\r\n   * @param multiple multiplier factor\r\n   */\r\n  public addMultipleOf2PiInPlace(multiple: number) {\r\n    if (this._degrees !== undefined) {\r\n      this._degrees += multiple * 360.0;\r\n      this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(this._degrees);\r\n    } else {\r\n      this._radians += multiple * Angle.pi2Radians;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n"]}
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\r\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\r\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\r\n/** @packageDocumentation\r\n * @module CartesianGeometry\r\n */\r\n\r\nimport { AngleProps, BeJSONFunctions, Geometry, TrigValues } from \"../Geometry\";\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * An `Angle` carries the numeric value of an angle, with methods to allow (require!) callers to\r\n * be clear about whether their angle is degrees or radians.\r\n * * After the Angle object is created, the callers should not know or care whether it is stored in\r\n * `degrees` or `radians` because both are available if requested by caller.\r\n * * The various access method are named so that callers can specify whether untyped numbers passed in or\r\n * out are degrees or radians.\r\n * * Visualization can be found at https://www.itwinjs.org/sandbox/SaeedTorabi/AngleSweep\r\n * @public\r\n */\r\nexport class Angle implements BeJSONFunctions {\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/12 (15 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver12Radians = 0.26179938779914946;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/4 (45 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver4Radians = 7.853981633974483e-001;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/2 (90 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver2Radians = 1.5707963267948966e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi (180 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piRadians = 3.141592653589793e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of 2*pi (360 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly pi2Radians = 6.283185307179586e+000;\r\n  /** scale factor for converting radians to degrees */\r\n  public static readonly degreesPerRadian = (45.0 / Angle.piOver4Radians);\r\n  /** scale factor for converting degrees to radians */\r\n  public static readonly radiansPerDegree = (Angle.piOver4Radians / 45.0);\r\n  private _radians: number;\r\n  private _degrees?: number;\r\n  private constructor(radians = 0, degrees?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a new angle with the same content. */\r\n  public clone(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this._radians, this._degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Freeze this instance so it is read-only */\r\n  public freeze(): Readonly<this> {\r\n    return Object.freeze(this);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new Angle object for angle given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static createDegrees(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees), degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object for a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createRadians(radians: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new `Angle` object with the default \"small\" angle measurement specified by [[Geometry.smallAngleRadians]].\r\n   */\r\n  public static createSmallAngle(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.smallAngleRadians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object that is interpolated between two inputs (based on a fraction)\r\n   * @param angle0 first angle in radians\r\n   * @param fraction the interpolation fraction\r\n   * @param angle1 second angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createInterpolate(angle0: Angle, fraction: number, angle1: Angle): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.interpolate(angle0.radians, fraction, angle1.radians));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object, with angle scaled from existing angle.\r\n   * @param scale scale factor to apply to angle.\r\n   */\r\n  public cloneScaled(scale: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this.radians * scale);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle given in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public setRadians(radians: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = undefined;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle given in degrees.\r\n   */\r\n  public setDegrees(degrees: number) {\r\n    this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees);\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle for a full circle. */\r\n  public static create360(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.PI * 2.0, 360.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create a (strongly typed) Angle whose tangent is `numerator/denominator`, using the signs of both in\r\n   * determining the (otherwise ambiguous) quadrant.\r\n   * @param numerator numerator for tangent\r\n   * @param denominator denominator for tangent\r\n   */\r\n  public static createAtan2(numerator: number, denominator: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.atan2(numerator, denominator));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Copy all contents of `other` to this Angle.\r\n   * @param other source data\r\n   */\r\n  public setFrom(other: Angle) {\r\n    this._radians = other._radians;\r\n    this._degrees = other._degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * * A simple number is considered as degrees.\r\n   * * specified `json.degrees` or `json._degrees` is degree value.\r\n   * * specified `son.radians` or `json._radians` is radians value.\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   */\r\n  public setFromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = defaultValRadians ? defaultValRadians : 0;\r\n    if (!json)\r\n      return;\r\n    if (typeof json === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees(json);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any).degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any)._degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any).radians);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any)._radians);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   * @return a new Angle\r\n   */\r\n  public static fromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number): Angle {\r\n    const val = new Angle();\r\n    val.setFromJSON(json, defaultValRadians);\r\n    return val;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Convert an Angle to a JSON object as a number in degrees */\r\n  public toJSON(): AngleProps {\r\n    return this.degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a json object with radians keyword, e.g. `{ radians: 0.10}` */\r\n  public toJSONRadians(): AngleProps {\r\n    return { radians: this.radians };\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in radians. */\r\n  public get radians(): number {\r\n    return this._radians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in degrees. */\r\n  public get degrees(): number {\r\n    return this._degrees !== undefined ? this._degrees : Angle.radiansToDegrees(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in degrees to radians.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static degreesToRadians(degrees: number): number {\r\n    return degrees * Math.PI / 180;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in radians to degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansToDegrees(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians < 0)\r\n      return -Angle.radiansToDegrees(-radians);\r\n    // Now radians is positive ...\r\n    const pi = Math.PI;\r\n    const factor = 180.0 / pi;\r\n    /* the following if statements are for round-off reasons. The problem is that no IEEE number is\r\n      * an exact hit for any primary multiple of pi (90, 180, etc). The following is supposed to have\r\n      * a better chance that if the input was computed by direct assignment from 90, 180, etc degrees\r\n      * it will return exactly 90,180 etc.\r\n      */\r\n    if (radians <= 0.25 * pi)\r\n      return factor * radians;\r\n    if (radians < 0.75 * pi)\r\n      return 90.0 + 180 * ((radians - 0.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.25 * pi)\r\n      return 180.0 + 180 * ((radians - pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.75 * pi)\r\n      return 270.0 + 180 * ((radians - 1.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    // all larger radians reference from 360 degrees (2PI)\r\n    return 360.0 + 180 * ((radians - 2.0 * pi) / pi);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the cosine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public cos(): number {\r\n    return Math.cos(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the sine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public sin(): number {\r\n    return Math.sin(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the tangent of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public tan(): number {\r\n    return Math.tan(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if a radians (absolute) value is nearly 2PI or larger! */\r\n  public static isFullCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radians) >= Geometry.fullCircleRadiansMinusSmallAngle;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the radians value is a half circle */\r\n  public static isHalfCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(Math.abs(radians) - Math.PI) <= Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a full circle */\r\n  public get isFullCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isFullCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a half circle (in either direction) */\r\n  public get isHalfCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..360 */\r\n  public static adjustDegrees0To360(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      if (degrees < period)\r\n        return degrees;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(degrees / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      const radians = Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(-degrees);\r\n      return 360.0 - radians;\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for Nan (disaster) !!!\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is in -180..180 */\r\n  public static adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(degrees) <= 180.0)\r\n      return degrees;\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((degrees - 180.0) / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(-degrees);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..2Pi */\r\n  public static adjustRadians0To2Pi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      if (radians < period)\r\n        return radians;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(radians / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return Math.PI * 2.0 - Angle.adjustRadians0To2Pi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in -PI..PI */\r\n  public static adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(radians) <= Math.PI)\r\n      return radians;\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((radians - Math.PI) / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a (newly allocated) Angle object with value 0 radians */\r\n  public static zero(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is exactly zero. */\r\n  public get isExactZero(): boolean {\r\n    return this.radians === 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost zero (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostZero(): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost a north or south pole (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostNorthOrSouthPole(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this.radians * 2.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into 0..360. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustPositive(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into -180..180. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustSigned180(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two radians values are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e. by a multiple of `2*PI`)\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    const delta = Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB);\r\n    if (delta <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n    if (Math.abs(delta - period) <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const numPeriod = Math.round(delta / period);\r\n    const delta1 = delta - numPeriod * period;\r\n    return Math.abs(delta1) <= radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n * Test if this angle has magnitude no greater than that of `other`.\r\n * @param other the other angle\r\n */\r\n  public isMagnitudeLessThanOrEqual(other: Angle): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) <= Math.abs(other.radians);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if this angle and other are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualAllowPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two angle (in radians)  almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB) < radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * * This function is same as isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift. Please use isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift.\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return this.isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if dot product values indicate non-zero length perpendicular vectors.\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   */\r\n  public static isPerpendicularDotSet(dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number): boolean {\r\n    return dotUU > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotVV > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotUV * dotUV <= Geometry.smallAngleRadiansSquared * dotUU * dotVV;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Compute the angle A given r*cos(2A) and r*sin(2A) for some nonnegative scalar r.\r\n   * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI.\r\n   * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI.\r\n   * @param rCos2A scaled cosine value of twice the angle A.\r\n   * @param rSin2A scaled sine value of twice the angle A.\r\n   * @return cos(A), sin(A) and A in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(rCos2A: number, rSin2A: number): TrigValues {\r\n    const r = Geometry.hypotenuseXY(rCos2A, rSin2A);\r\n    if (r < Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 }; // angle = 0\r\n    } else {\r\n      /* If the caller really gave you sine and cosine values, r should be 1.  However,\r\n       * to allow scaled values -- e.g. the x and y components of any vector -- we normalize\r\n       * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and two divisions, but improves\r\n       * both the usefulness and robustness of the computation.\r\n       */\r\n      let cosA;\r\n      let sinA = 0.0;\r\n      const cos2A = rCos2A / r;\r\n      const sin2A = rSin2A / r;\r\n      if (cos2A >= 0.0) { // 2A is in NE and SE quadrants, A in same quadrant\r\n        cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since cosA >= 0\r\n        sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA); // double angle formula\r\n      } else {\r\n        if (sin2A > 0.0) { // 2A in NW quadrant. A in NE quadrant\r\n          sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since sinA > 0\r\n        } else { // 2A in SW quadrant. A in SE quadrant\r\n          sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use -root since sinA <= 0\r\n        }\r\n        cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // double angle formula\r\n      }\r\n      return { c: cosA, s: sinA, radians: Math.atan2(sinA, cosA) };\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /** If value is close to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, adjust it to the exact value. */\r\n  public static cleanupTrigValue(value: number, tolerance: number = Geometry.smallFloatingPoint): number {\r\n    const absValue = Math.abs(value);\r\n    if (absValue <= tolerance)\r\n      return 0;\r\n    let a = Math.abs(absValue - 0.5);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -0.5 : 0.5;\r\n    a = Math.abs(absValue - 1.0);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0;\r\n    return value;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for the given vector dot products.\r\n   * * These values arise e.g. in the computation performed in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.\r\n   * * Let vectors U and V define the ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t). We seek an angle t0\r\n   * such that the radial vector W(t0) := x(t0) - c is perpendicular to the ellipse.\r\n   * * Then 0 = W(t0).x'(t0) = (U cos(t0) + V sin(t0)).(V cos(t0) - U sin(t0)) = U.V cos(2t0) + 0.5 (V.V - U.U) sin(2t0)\r\n   * implies tan(2t0) = sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the input dot products.\r\n   * Math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   * @param favorZero whether to allow a tight tolerance for returning t0 = 0 (default true).\r\n   * When dotUV is near zero, U and V are nearly perpendicular, and the returned angle is near zero.\r\n   * @return the angle t0 and its cosine and sine.\r\n   */\r\n  public static dotProductsToHalfAngleTrigValues(\r\n    dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number, favorZero: boolean = true,\r\n  ): TrigValues {\r\n    const cos2t0 = dotUU - dotVV;\r\n    const sin2t0 = 2.0 * dotUV;\r\n    if (favorZero && Math.abs(sin2t0) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians * (Math.abs(dotUU) + Math.abs(dotVV)))\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 };\r\n    return Angle.trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(cos2t0, sin2t0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components\r\n   * * The returned angle is between 0 and PI\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number, vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    return Math.atan2(Geometry.crossProductMagnitude(ux, uy, uz, vx, vy, vz), uDotV);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components, and an up vector to resolve\r\n   * angle to a full 2PI range.\r\n   * * The returned angle is (-PI < radians <= PI) or (0 <= radians < 2 * PI)\r\n   * * The angle is in the plane of the U and V vectors.\r\n   * * The upVector determines a positive side of the plane but need not be strictly perpendicular to the plane.\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   * @param upVectorX x component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorY y component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorZ z component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param adjustToAllPositive if true, return strictly non-negative sweep (0 <= radians < 2*PI). If false, return\r\n   * signed (-PI < radians <= PI)\r\n   */\r\n  public static orientedRadiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number,\r\n    vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n    upVectorX: number, upVectorY: number, upVectorZ: number,\r\n    adjustToPositive: boolean = false,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    const wx = uy * vz - uz * vy;\r\n    const wy = uz * vx - ux * vz;\r\n    const wz = ux * vy - uy * vx;\r\n    const upDotW = upVectorX * wx + upVectorY * wy + upVectorZ * wz;\r\n    const crossMagnitude = Geometry.hypotenuseXYZ(wx, wy, wz);\r\n    if (upDotW < 0.0) {\r\n      if (adjustToPositive) {\r\n        // The turn is greater than 180 degrees.  Take a peculiarly oriented atan2 to get the excess-180 part as\r\n        // addition to PI. This gives the smoothest numerical transition passing PI.\r\n        return Math.PI + Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, -uDotV);\r\n      } else {\r\n        return -Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n      }\r\n    } else {\r\n      return Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Add a multiple of a full circle angle (360 degrees, 2PI) in place.\r\n   * @param multiple multiplier factor\r\n   */\r\n  public addMultipleOf2PiInPlace(multiple: number) {\r\n    if (this._degrees !== undefined) {\r\n      this._degrees += multiple * 360.0;\r\n      this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(this._degrees);\r\n    } else {\r\n      this._radians += multiple * Angle.pi2Radians;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n"]}

package/lib/cjs/polyface/IndexedPolyfaceVisitor.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import { Angle } from "../geometry3d/Angle";
 import { Point2d } from "../geometry3d/Point2dVector2d";
-import { IndexedPolyface, Polyface, PolyfaceVisitor } from "./Polyface";
+import { Vector3d } from "../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d";
+import { IndexedPolyface, PolyfaceVisitor } from "./Polyface";
 import { PolyfaceData } from "./PolyfaceData";
 /**
  * An `IndexedPolyfaceVisitor` is an iterator-like object that "visits" facets of a mesh.
@@ -14,7 +16,9 @@ export declare class IndexedPolyfaceVisitor extends PolyfaceData implements Poly
     private _polyface;
     protected constructor(polyface: IndexedPolyface, numWrap: number);
     /** Return the client polyface object. */
-    clientPolyface(): Polyface;
+    clientPolyface(): IndexedPolyface;
+    /** Return the number of facets this visitor is able to visit. */
+    getVisitableFacetCount(): number;
     /**
      * Set the number of vertices replicated in visitor arrays (both data and index arrays).
      * * 0,1,2 are the most common as numWrap.
@@ -73,27 +77,56 @@ export declare class IndexedPolyfaceVisitor extends PolyfaceData implements Poly
 /**
  * An `IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor` is an `IndexedPolyfaceVisitor` which only visits a subset of facets in the polyface.
  * * The subset is defined by an array of facet indices provided when this visitor is created.
- * * Within the subset visitor, `facetIndex` is understood as index within the subset array:
- *   * `moveToNextFacet` moves only within the subset.
- *   * `moveToReadIndex(i)` moves underlying visitor's `parentFacetIndex(i)`.
+ * * Input indices (e.g., for `moveToReadIndex`) are understood to be indices into the subset array.
  * @public
  */
 export declare class IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor extends IndexedPolyfaceVisitor {
-    private _parentFacetIndices;
+    private _parentFacetIndices?;
+    private _currentActiveIndex;
     private _nextActiveIndex;
     private constructor();
+    private isValidSubsetIndex;
     /**
      * Create a visitor for iterating a subset of the facets of `polyface`.
-     * * The `activeFacetIndices` array indicates all facets to be visited.
+     * @param polyface reference to the client polyface, supplying facets
+     * @param activeFacetIndices array of indices of facets in the client polyface to visit. This array is cloned.
+     * @param numWrap number of vertices replicated in the visitor arrays to facilitate simpler caller code. Default is zero.
+     */
+    static createSubsetVisitor(polyface: IndexedPolyface, activeFacetIndices: number[], numWrap?: number): IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor;
+    /**
+     * Advance the iterator to a particular facet in the subset of client polyface facets.
+     * @param activeIndex the index of the facet within the subset, not to be confused with the index of the facet within the client polyface.
+     * @return whether the iterator was successfully moved.
      */
-    static createSubsetVisitor(polyface: IndexedPolyface, activeFacetIndices: number[], numWrap: number): IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor;
-    /** Advance the iterator to a particular facet in the client polyface. */
     moveToReadIndex(activeIndex: number): boolean;
-    /** Advance the iterator to the next facet in the client polyface. */
+    /**
+     * Advance the iterator to the next facet in the subset of client polyface facets.
+     * @return whether the iterator was successfully moved.
+     */
     moveToNextFacet(): boolean;
-    /** Reset the iterator to start at the first active facet in the polyface. */
+    /** Reset the iterator to start at the first active facet in the subset of client polyface facets. */
     reset(): void;
-    /** Return the parent facet index of the indicated index within the active facets. */
-    parentFacetIndex(activeIndex: number): number | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Return the parent facet index of the indicated index within the subset of client polyface facets.
+     * @param activeIndex index of the facet within the subset. Default is the active facet.
+     * @return valid client polyface facet index, or `undefined` if invalid input index.
+     */
+    parentFacetIndex(activeIndex?: number): number | undefined;
+    /** Return the number of facets this visitor is able to visit. */
+    getVisitableFacetCount(): number;
+    /**
+     * Create a visitor for those mesh facets with normal in the same half-space as the given vector.
+     * * For example, to visit the top facets of a tiled terrain mesh but skip the "skirt" facets, pass
+     * `compareVector = Vector3d.unitZ()` and a suitable `sideAngle` tolerance. Note that this will also
+     * filter out *interior* facets that are nearly vertical, not just the "skirt" facets on the boundary.
+     * @param mesh the mesh from which to select facets
+     * @param compareVector vector to which to compare facet normals. The visitor will visit only those facets
+     * with normals in the same half-space as this vector. Default is 001.
+     * @param sideAngle optional angular tolerance to filter the facets near the border between half-spaces.
+     * The visitor will *not* visit facets whose normals are nearly perpendicular to `compareVector`.
+     * Default is [[Geometry.smallAngleRadians]].
+     * @param numWrap optional number of entries replicated in visitor arrays. Default is 0.
+    */
+    static createNormalComparison(mesh: IndexedPolyface | IndexedPolyfaceVisitor, compareVector?: Vector3d, sideAngle?: Angle, numWrap?: number): IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor;
 }
 //# sourceMappingURL=IndexedPolyfaceVisitor.d.ts.map

package/lib/cjs/polyface/IndexedPolyfaceVisitor.d.ts.map

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package/lib/cjs/polyface/IndexedPolyfaceVisitor.js

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ exports.IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor = exports.IndexedPolyfaceVisitor = void 0;
  * @module Polyface
  */
 const Geometry_1 = require("../Geometry");
+const Angle_1 = require("../geometry3d/Angle");
+const Point3dVector3d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d");
+const PolygonOps_1 = require("../geometry3d/PolygonOps");
+const Polyface_1 = require("./Polyface");
 const PolyfaceData_1 = require("./PolyfaceData");
 /* eslint-disable @itwin/prefer-get */
 /**
@@ -33,6 +37,10 @@ class IndexedPolyfaceVisitor extends PolyfaceData_1.PolyfaceData {
     clientPolyface() {
         return this._polyface;
     }
+    /** Return the number of facets this visitor is able to visit. */
+    getVisitableFacetCount() {
+        return this._polyface.facetCount;
+    }
     /**
      * Set the number of vertices replicated in visitor arrays (both data and index arrays).
      * * 0,1,2 are the most common as numWrap.
@@ -178,53 +186,99 @@ exports.IndexedPolyfaceVisitor = IndexedPolyfaceVisitor;
 /**
  * An `IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor` is an `IndexedPolyfaceVisitor` which only visits a subset of facets in the polyface.
  * * The subset is defined by an array of facet indices provided when this visitor is created.
- * * Within the subset visitor, `facetIndex` is understood as index within the subset array:
- *   * `moveToNextFacet` moves only within the subset.
- *   * `moveToReadIndex(i)` moves underlying visitor's `parentFacetIndex(i)`.
+ * * Input indices (e.g., for `moveToReadIndex`) are understood to be indices into the subset array.
  * @public
  */
 class IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor extends IndexedPolyfaceVisitor {
     constructor(polyface, activeFacetIndices, numWrap) {
         super(polyface, numWrap);
         this._parentFacetIndices = activeFacetIndices.slice();
+        this._currentActiveIndex = -1;
         this._nextActiveIndex = 0;
     }
+    isValidSubsetIndex(index) {
+        return (undefined !== this._parentFacetIndices) && index >= 0 && index < this._parentFacetIndices.length;
+    }
     /**
      * Create a visitor for iterating a subset of the facets of `polyface`.
-     * * The `activeFacetIndices` array indicates all facets to be visited.
+     * @param polyface reference to the client polyface, supplying facets
+     * @param activeFacetIndices array of indices of facets in the client polyface to visit. This array is cloned.
+     * @param numWrap number of vertices replicated in the visitor arrays to facilitate simpler caller code. Default is zero.
      */
-    static createSubsetVisitor(polyface, activeFacetIndices, numWrap) {
+    static createSubsetVisitor(polyface, activeFacetIndices, numWrap = 0) {
         return new IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor(polyface, activeFacetIndices, numWrap);
     }
-    /** Advance the iterator to a particular facet in the client polyface. */
+    /**
+     * Advance the iterator to a particular facet in the subset of client polyface facets.
+     * @param activeIndex the index of the facet within the subset, not to be confused with the index of the facet within the client polyface.
+     * @return whether the iterator was successfully moved.
+     */
     moveToReadIndex(activeIndex) {
-        if (activeIndex >= 0 && activeIndex <= this._parentFacetIndices.length) {
-            this._nextActiveIndex = activeIndex;
-            return super.moveToReadIndex(this._parentFacetIndices[activeIndex++]);
+        if (this.isValidSubsetIndex(activeIndex)) {
+            this._currentActiveIndex = activeIndex;
+            this._nextActiveIndex = activeIndex + 1;
+            return super.moveToReadIndex(this._parentFacetIndices[activeIndex]);
         }
         return false;
     }
-    /** Advance the iterator to the next facet in the client polyface. */
+    /**
+     * Advance the iterator to the next facet in the subset of client polyface facets.
+     * @return whether the iterator was successfully moved.
+     */
     moveToNextFacet() {
-        if (this._nextActiveIndex < this._parentFacetIndices.length) {
-            const result = this.moveToReadIndex(this._nextActiveIndex);
-            if (result) {
-                this._nextActiveIndex++;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
+        if (this._nextActiveIndex !== this._currentActiveIndex)
+            return this.moveToReadIndex(this._nextActiveIndex);
+        this._nextActiveIndex++;
+        return true;
     }
-    /** Reset the iterator to start at the first active facet in the polyface. */
+    /** Reset the iterator to start at the first active facet in the subset of client polyface facets. */
     reset() {
-        this._nextActiveIndex = 0;
+        this.moveToReadIndex(0);
+        this._nextActiveIndex = 0; // so immediate moveToNextFacet stays here.
     }
-    /** Return the parent facet index of the indicated index within the active facets. */
+    /**
+     * Return the parent facet index of the indicated index within the subset of client polyface facets.
+     * @param activeIndex index of the facet within the subset. Default is the active facet.
+     * @return valid client polyface facet index, or `undefined` if invalid input index.
+     */
     parentFacetIndex(activeIndex) {
-        if (activeIndex >= 0 && activeIndex <= this._nextActiveIndex) {
-            return this._parentFacetIndices[activeIndex];
+        if (undefined === activeIndex)
+            activeIndex = this._currentActiveIndex;
+        return this.isValidSubsetIndex(activeIndex) ? this._parentFacetIndices[activeIndex] : undefined;
+    }
+    /** Return the number of facets this visitor is able to visit. */
+    getVisitableFacetCount() {
+        return this._parentFacetIndices ? this._parentFacetIndices.length : 0;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Create a visitor for those mesh facets with normal in the same half-space as the given vector.
+     * * For example, to visit the top facets of a tiled terrain mesh but skip the "skirt" facets, pass
+     * `compareVector = Vector3d.unitZ()` and a suitable `sideAngle` tolerance. Note that this will also
+     * filter out *interior* facets that are nearly vertical, not just the "skirt" facets on the boundary.
+     * @param mesh the mesh from which to select facets
+     * @param compareVector vector to which to compare facet normals. The visitor will visit only those facets
+     * with normals in the same half-space as this vector. Default is 001.
+     * @param sideAngle optional angular tolerance to filter the facets near the border between half-spaces.
+     * The visitor will *not* visit facets whose normals are nearly perpendicular to `compareVector`.
+     * Default is [[Geometry.smallAngleRadians]].
+     * @param numWrap optional number of entries replicated in visitor arrays. Default is 0.
+    */
+    static createNormalComparison(mesh, compareVector = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.unitZ(), sideAngle = Angle_1.Angle.createSmallAngle(), numWrap = 0) {
+        if (mesh instanceof Polyface_1.IndexedPolyface)
+            return this.createNormalComparison(mesh.createVisitor(), compareVector, sideAngle, numWrap);
+        const visitor = mesh;
+        const facets = [];
+        const facetNormal = Point3dVector3d_1.Vector3d.createZero();
+        for (visitor.reset(); visitor.moveToNextFacet();) {
+            if (!PolygonOps_1.PolygonOps.unitNormal(visitor.point, facetNormal))
+                continue; // degenerate facet
+            if (facetNormal.dotProduct(compareVector) < 0.0)
+                continue; // ignore facet facing other half-space
+            if (facetNormal.angleFromPerpendicular(compareVector).isMagnitudeLessThanOrEqual(sideAngle))
+                continue; // ignore side facet
+            facets.push(visitor.currentReadIndex());
         }
-        return undefined;
+        return IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor.createSubsetVisitor(visitor.clientPolyface(), facets, numWrap);
     }
 }
 exports.IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor = IndexedPolyfaceSubsetVisitor;