@itwin/core-geometry 4.7.0-dev.12 → 4.7.0-dev.13

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 # Change Log - @itwin/core-geometry
 
-This log was last generated on Wed, 15 May 2024 21:32:22 GMT and should not be manually modified.
+This log was last generated on Wed, 29 May 2024 14:36:43 GMT and should not be manually modified.
+
+## 4.6.1
+Wed, 29 May 2024 14:35:17 GMT
+
+_Version update only_
 
 ## 4.6.0
 Mon, 13 May 2024 20:32:51 GMT

package/lib/cjs/geometry3d/Angle.d.ts

@@ -198,28 +198,30 @@ export declare class Angle implements BeJSONFunctions {
      */
     static isPerpendicularDotSet(dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number): boolean;
     /**
-     * Return cosine, sine, and radians for the half angle of a "cosine,sine" pair.
-     * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI
-     * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI
-     * @param rCos2A cosine value (scaled by radius) for initial angle.
-     * @param rSin2A sine value (scaled by radius) for final angle.
+     * Compute the angle A given r*cos(2A) and r*sin(2A) for some nonnegative scalar r.
+     * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI.
+     * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI.
+     * @param rCos2A scaled cosine value of twice the angle A.
+     * @param rSin2A scaled sine value of twice the angle A.
+     * @return cos(A), sin(A) and A in radians
      */
     static trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(rCos2A: number, rSin2A: number): TrigValues;
     /** If value is close to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, adjust it to the exact value. */
     static cleanupTrigValue(value: number, tolerance?: number): number;
     /**
-     * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for given dot products between vectors. The vectors define
-     * an ellipse using x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t) so U and V are at angle t=0 degree and t=90 degree. The
-     * half angle t0 is an angle such that x(t0) is one of the ellipse semi-axis.
-     * * This construction arises e.g. in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.
-     * * Given ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t), find t0 such that radial vector W(t0) = x(t0) - c is
-     * perpendicular to the ellipse.
+     * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for the given vector dot products.
+     * * These values arise e.g. in the computation performed in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.
+     * * Let vectors U and V define the ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t). We seek an angle t0
+     * such that the radial vector W(t0) := x(t0) - c is perpendicular to the ellipse.
      * * Then 0 = W(t0).x'(t0) = (U cos(t0) + V sin(t0)).(V cos(t0) - U sin(t0)) = U.V cos(2t0) + 0.5 (V.V - U.U) sin(2t0)
-     * implies sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the three dot products on the RHS.
-     * math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md
+     * implies tan(2t0) = sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the input dot products.
+     * Math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md
      * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself
      * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself
      * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV
+     * @param favorZero whether to allow a tight tolerance for returning t0 = 0 (default true).
+     * When dotUV is near zero, U and V are nearly perpendicular, and the returned angle is near zero.
+     * @return the angle t0 and its cosine and sine.
      */
     static dotProductsToHalfAngleTrigValues(dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number, favorZero?: boolean): TrigValues;
     /**

package/lib/cjs/geometry3d/Angle.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/lib/cjs/geometry3d/Angle.js

@@ -380,11 +380,12 @@ class Angle {
             && dotUV * dotUV <= Geometry_1.Geometry.smallAngleRadiansSquared * dotUU * dotVV;
     }
     /**
-     * Return cosine, sine, and radians for the half angle of a "cosine,sine" pair.
-     * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI
-     * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI
-     * @param rCos2A cosine value (scaled by radius) for initial angle.
-     * @param rSin2A sine value (scaled by radius) for final angle.
+     * Compute the angle A given r*cos(2A) and r*sin(2A) for some nonnegative scalar r.
+     * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI.
+     * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI.
+     * @param rCos2A scaled cosine value of twice the angle A.
+     * @param rSin2A scaled sine value of twice the angle A.
+     * @return cos(A), sin(A) and A in radians
      */
     static trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(rCos2A, rSin2A) {
         const r = Geometry_1.Geometry.hypotenuseXY(rCos2A, rSin2A);
@@ -394,41 +395,25 @@ class Angle {
         else {
             /* If the caller really gave you sine and cosine values, r should be 1.  However,
              * to allow scaled values -- e.g. the x and y components of any vector -- we normalize
-             * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and 2 divides to the whole process, but improves
+             * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and two divisions, but improves
              * both the usefulness and robustness of the computation.
              */
             let cosA;
             let sinA = 0.0;
             const cos2A = rCos2A / r;
             const sin2A = rSin2A / r;
-            // Original angle in NE and SE quadrants. Half angle in same quadrant
-            if (cos2A >= 0.0) {
-                /*
-                 * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2
-                 * so 1 + cos2A = 2(cosA)^2 and therefore, cosA = sqrt((1+cos2A)/2)
-                 * cosine is positive in NE and SE quadrants so we use +sqrt
-                 */
-                cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A));
-                // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so sinA = sin2A/(2*cosA)
-                sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA);
+            if (cos2A >= 0.0) { // 2A is in NE and SE quadrants, A in same quadrant
+                cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since cosA >= 0
+                sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA); // double angle formula
             }
             else {
-                // Original angle in NW quadrant. Half angle in NE quadrant
-                if (sin2A > 0.0) {
-                    /*
-                     * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2
-                     * so 1 - cos2A = 2(sinA)^2 and therefore, sinA = sqrt((1-cos2A)/2)
-                     * sine is positive in NE quadrant so we use +sqrt
-                     */
-                    sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));
-                    // Original angle in SW quadrant. Half angle in SE quadrant
+                if (sin2A > 0.0) { // 2A in NW quadrant. A in NE quadrant
+                    sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since sinA > 0
                 }
-                else {
-                    // sine is negative in SE quadrant so we use -sqrt
-                    sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));
+                else { // 2A in SW quadrant. A in SE quadrant
+                    sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use -root since sinA <= 0
                 }
-                // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so cosA = sin2A/(2*sinA)
-                cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // always positive
+                cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // double angle formula
             }
             return { c: cosA, s: sinA, radians: Math.atan2(sinA, cosA) };
         }
@@ -447,18 +432,19 @@ class Angle {
         return value;
     }
     /**
-     * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for given dot products between vectors. The vectors define
-     * an ellipse using x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t) so U and V are at angle t=0 degree and t=90 degree. The
-     * half angle t0 is an angle such that x(t0) is one of the ellipse semi-axis.
-     * * This construction arises e.g. in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.
-     * * Given ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t), find t0 such that radial vector W(t0) = x(t0) - c is
-     * perpendicular to the ellipse.
+     * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for the given vector dot products.
+     * * These values arise e.g. in the computation performed in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.
+     * * Let vectors U and V define the ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t). We seek an angle t0
+     * such that the radial vector W(t0) := x(t0) - c is perpendicular to the ellipse.
      * * Then 0 = W(t0).x'(t0) = (U cos(t0) + V sin(t0)).(V cos(t0) - U sin(t0)) = U.V cos(2t0) + 0.5 (V.V - U.U) sin(2t0)
-     * implies sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the three dot products on the RHS.
-     * math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md
+     * implies tan(2t0) = sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the input dot products.
+     * Math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md
      * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself
      * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself
      * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV
+     * @param favorZero whether to allow a tight tolerance for returning t0 = 0 (default true).
+     * When dotUV is near zero, U and V are nearly perpendicular, and the returned angle is near zero.
+     * @return the angle t0 and its cosine and sine.
      */
     static dotProductsToHalfAngleTrigValues(dotUU, dotVV, dotUV, favorZero = true) {
         const cos2t0 = dotUU - dotVV;

package/lib/cjs/geometry3d/Angle.js.map

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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\r\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\r\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\r\n/** @packageDocumentation\r\n * @module CartesianGeometry\r\n */\r\n\r\nimport { AngleProps, BeJSONFunctions, Geometry, TrigValues } from \"../Geometry\";\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * An `Angle` carries the numeric value of an angle, with methods to allow (require!) callers to\r\n * be clear about whether their angle is degrees or radians.\r\n * * After the Angle object is created, the callers should not know or care whether it is stored in\r\n * `degrees` or `radians` because both are available if requested by caller.\r\n * * The various access method are named so that callers can specify whether untyped numbers passed in or\r\n * out are degrees or radians.\r\n * * Visualization can be found at https://www.itwinjs.org/sandbox/SaeedTorabi/AngleSweep\r\n * @public\r\n */\r\nexport class Angle implements BeJSONFunctions {\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/12 (15 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver12Radians = 0.26179938779914946;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/4 (45 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver4Radians = 7.853981633974483e-001;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/2 (90 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver2Radians = 1.5707963267948966e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi (180 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piRadians = 3.141592653589793e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of 2*pi (360 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly pi2Radians = 6.283185307179586e+000;\r\n  /** scale factor for converting radians to degrees */\r\n  public static readonly degreesPerRadian = (45.0 / Angle.piOver4Radians);\r\n  /** scale factor for converting degrees to radians */\r\n  public static readonly radiansPerDegree = (Angle.piOver4Radians / 45.0);\r\n  private _radians: number;\r\n  private _degrees?: number;\r\n  private constructor(radians = 0, degrees?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a new angle with the same content. */\r\n  public clone(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this._radians, this._degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Freeze this instance so it is read-only */\r\n  public freeze(): Readonly<this> {\r\n    return Object.freeze(this);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new Angle object for angle given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static createDegrees(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees), degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object for a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createRadians(radians: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new `Angle` object with the default \"small\" angle measurement specified by [[Geometry.smallAngleRadians]].\r\n   */\r\n  public static createSmallAngle(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.smallAngleRadians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object that is interpolated between two inputs (based on a fraction)\r\n   * @param angle0 first angle in radians\r\n   * @param fraction the interpolation fraction\r\n   * @param angle1 second angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createInterpolate(angle0: Angle, fraction: number, angle1: Angle): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.interpolate(angle0.radians, fraction, angle1.radians));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object, with angle scaled from existing angle.\r\n   * @param scale scale factor to apply to angle.\r\n   */\r\n  public cloneScaled(scale: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this.radians * scale);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle given in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public setRadians(radians: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = undefined;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle given in degrees.\r\n   */\r\n  public setDegrees(degrees: number) {\r\n    this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees);\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle for a full circle. */\r\n  public static create360(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.PI * 2.0, 360.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create a (strongly typed) Angle whose tangent is `numerator/denominator`, using the signs of both in\r\n   * determining the (otherwise ambiguous) quadrant.\r\n   * @param numerator numerator for tangent\r\n   * @param denominator denominator for tangent\r\n   */\r\n  public static createAtan2(numerator: number, denominator: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.atan2(numerator, denominator));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Copy all contents of `other` to this Angle.\r\n   * @param other source data\r\n   */\r\n  public setFrom(other: Angle) {\r\n    this._radians = other._radians;\r\n    this._degrees = other._degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * * A simple number is considered as degrees.\r\n   * * specified `json.degrees` or `json._degrees` is degree value.\r\n   * * specified `son.radians` or `json._radians` is radians value.\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   */\r\n  public setFromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = defaultValRadians ? defaultValRadians : 0;\r\n    if (!json)\r\n      return;\r\n    if (typeof json === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees(json);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any).degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any)._degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any).radians);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any)._radians);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   * @return a new Angle\r\n   */\r\n  public static fromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number): Angle {\r\n    const val = new Angle();\r\n    val.setFromJSON(json, defaultValRadians);\r\n    return val;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Convert an Angle to a JSON object as a number in degrees */\r\n  public toJSON(): AngleProps {\r\n    return this.degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a json object with radians keyword, e.g. `{ radians: 0.10}` */\r\n  public toJSONRadians(): AngleProps {\r\n    return { radians: this.radians };\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in radians. */\r\n  public get radians(): number {\r\n    return this._radians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in degrees. */\r\n  public get degrees(): number {\r\n    return this._degrees !== undefined ? this._degrees : Angle.radiansToDegrees(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in degrees to radians.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static degreesToRadians(degrees: number): number {\r\n    return degrees * Math.PI / 180;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in radians to degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansToDegrees(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians < 0)\r\n      return -Angle.radiansToDegrees(-radians);\r\n    // Now radians is positive ...\r\n    const pi = Math.PI;\r\n    const factor = 180.0 / pi;\r\n    /* the following if statements are for round-off reasons. The problem is that no IEEE number is\r\n      * an exact hit for any primary multiple of pi (90, 180, etc). The following is supposed to have\r\n      * a better chance that if the input was computed by direct assignment from 90, 180, etc degrees\r\n      * it will return exactly 90,180 etc.\r\n      */\r\n    if (radians <= 0.25 * pi)\r\n      return factor * radians;\r\n    if (radians < 0.75 * pi)\r\n      return 90.0 + 180 * ((radians - 0.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.25 * pi)\r\n      return 180.0 + 180 * ((radians - pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.75 * pi)\r\n      return 270.0 + 180 * ((radians - 1.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    // all larger radians reference from 360 degrees (2PI)\r\n    return 360.0 + 180 * ((radians - 2.0 * pi) / pi);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the cosine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public cos(): number {\r\n    return Math.cos(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the sine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public sin(): number {\r\n    return Math.sin(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the tangent of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public tan(): number {\r\n    return Math.tan(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if a radians (absolute) value is nearly 2PI or larger! */\r\n  public static isFullCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radians) >= Geometry.fullCircleRadiansMinusSmallAngle;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the radians value is a half circle */\r\n  public static isHalfCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(Math.abs(radians) - Math.PI) <= Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a full circle */\r\n  public get isFullCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isFullCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a half circle (in either direction) */\r\n  public get isHalfCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..360 */\r\n  public static adjustDegrees0To360(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      if (degrees < period)\r\n        return degrees;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(degrees / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      const radians = Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(-degrees);\r\n      return 360.0 - radians;\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for Nan (disaster) !!!\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is in -180..180 */\r\n  public static adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(degrees) <= 180.0)\r\n      return degrees;\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((degrees - 180.0) / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(-degrees);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..2Pi */\r\n  public static adjustRadians0To2Pi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      if (radians < period)\r\n        return radians;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(radians / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return Math.PI * 2.0 - Angle.adjustRadians0To2Pi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in -PI..PI */\r\n  public static adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(radians) <= Math.PI)\r\n      return radians;\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((radians - Math.PI) / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a (newly allocated) Angle object with value 0 radians */\r\n  public static zero(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is exactly zero. */\r\n  public get isExactZero(): boolean {\r\n    return this.radians === 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost zero (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostZero(): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost a north or south pole (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostNorthOrSouthPole(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this.radians * 2.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into 0..360. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustPositive(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into -180..180. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustSigned180(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two radians values are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e. by a multiple of `2*PI`)\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    const delta = Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB);\r\n    if (delta <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n    if (Math.abs(delta - period) <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const numPeriod = Math.round(delta / period);\r\n    const delta1 = delta - numPeriod * period;\r\n    return Math.abs(delta1) <= radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n * Test if this angle has magnitude no greater than that of `other`.\r\n * @param other the other angle\r\n */\r\n  public isMagnitudeLessThanOrEqual(other: Angle): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) <= Math.abs(other.radians);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if this angle and other are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualAllowPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two angle (in radians)  almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB) < radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * * This function is same as isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift. Please use isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift.\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return this.isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if dot product values indicate non-zero length perpendicular vectors.\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   */\r\n  public static isPerpendicularDotSet(dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number): boolean {\r\n    return dotUU > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotVV > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotUV * dotUV <= Geometry.smallAngleRadiansSquared * dotUU * dotVV;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return cosine, sine, and radians for the half angle of a \"cosine,sine\" pair.\r\n   * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI\r\n   * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI\r\n   * @param rCos2A cosine value (scaled by radius) for initial angle.\r\n   * @param rSin2A sine value (scaled by radius) for final angle.\r\n   */\r\n  public static trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(rCos2A: number, rSin2A: number): TrigValues {\r\n    const r = Geometry.hypotenuseXY(rCos2A, rSin2A);\r\n    if (r < Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 }; // angle = 0\r\n    } else {\r\n      /* If the caller really gave you sine and cosine values, r should be 1.  However,\r\n       * to allow scaled values -- e.g. the x and y components of any vector -- we normalize\r\n       * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and 2 divides to the whole process, but improves\r\n       * both the usefulness and robustness of the computation.\r\n       */\r\n      let cosA;\r\n      let sinA = 0.0;\r\n      const cos2A = rCos2A / r;\r\n      const sin2A = rSin2A / r;\r\n      // Original angle in NE and SE quadrants. Half angle in same quadrant\r\n      if (cos2A >= 0.0) {\r\n        /*\r\n         * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2\r\n         * so 1 + cos2A = 2(cosA)^2 and therefore, cosA = sqrt((1+cos2A)/2)\r\n         * cosine is positive in NE and SE quadrants so we use +sqrt\r\n         */\r\n        cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A));\r\n        // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so sinA = sin2A/(2*cosA)\r\n        sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA);\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Original angle in NW quadrant. Half angle in NE quadrant\r\n        if (sin2A > 0.0) {\r\n          /*\r\n           * We know cos2A = (cosA)^2 - (sinA)^2 and 1 = (cosA)^2 + (sinA)^2\r\n           * so 1 - cos2A = 2(sinA)^2 and therefore, sinA = sqrt((1-cos2A)/2)\r\n           * sine is positive in NE quadrant so we use +sqrt\r\n           */\r\n          sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));\r\n          // Original angle in SW quadrant. Half angle in SE quadrant\r\n        } else {\r\n          // sine is negative in SE quadrant so we use -sqrt\r\n          sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A));\r\n        }\r\n        // We know sin2A = 2 sinA cosA so cosA = sin2A/(2*sinA)\r\n        cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // always positive\r\n      }\r\n      return { c: cosA, s: sinA, radians: Math.atan2(sinA, cosA) };\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /** If value is close to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, adjust it to the exact value. */\r\n  public static cleanupTrigValue(value: number, tolerance: number = Geometry.smallFloatingPoint): number {\r\n    const absValue = Math.abs(value);\r\n    if (absValue <= tolerance)\r\n      return 0;\r\n    let a = Math.abs(absValue - 0.5);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -0.5 : 0.5;\r\n    a = Math.abs(absValue - 1.0);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0;\r\n    return value;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for given dot products between vectors. The vectors define\r\n   * an ellipse using x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t) so U and V are at angle t=0 degree and t=90 degree. The\r\n   * half angle t0 is an angle such that x(t0) is one of the ellipse semi-axis.\r\n   * * This construction arises e.g. in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.\r\n   * * Given ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t), find t0 such that radial vector W(t0) = x(t0) - c is\r\n   * perpendicular to the ellipse.\r\n   * * Then 0 = W(t0).x'(t0) = (U cos(t0) + V sin(t0)).(V cos(t0) - U sin(t0)) = U.V cos(2t0) + 0.5 (V.V - U.U) sin(2t0)\r\n   * implies sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the three dot products on the RHS.\r\n   * math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   */\r\n  public static dotProductsToHalfAngleTrigValues(\r\n    dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number, favorZero: boolean = true,\r\n  ): TrigValues {\r\n\r\n    const cos2t0 = dotUU - dotVV;\r\n    const sin2t0 = 2.0 * dotUV;\r\n    if (favorZero && Math.abs(sin2t0) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians * (Math.abs(dotUU) + Math.abs(dotVV)))\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 };\r\n    return Angle.trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(cos2t0, sin2t0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components\r\n   * * The returned angle is between 0 and PI\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number, vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    return Math.atan2(Geometry.crossProductMagnitude(ux, uy, uz, vx, vy, vz), uDotV);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components, and an up vector to resolve\r\n   * angle to a full 2PI range.\r\n   * * The returned angle is (-PI < radians <= PI) or (0 <= radians < 2 * PI)\r\n   * * The angle is in the plane of the U and V vectors.\r\n   * * The upVector determines a positive side of the plane but need not be strictly perpendicular to the plane.\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   * @param upVectorX x component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorY y component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorZ z component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param adjustToAllPositive if true, return strictly non-negative sweep (0 <= radians < 2*PI). If false, return\r\n   * signed (-PI < radians <= PI)\r\n   */\r\n  public static orientedRadiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number,\r\n    vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n    upVectorX: number, upVectorY: number, upVectorZ: number,\r\n    adjustToPositive: boolean = false,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    const wx = uy * vz - uz * vy;\r\n    const wy = uz * vx - ux * vz;\r\n    const wz = ux * vy - uy * vx;\r\n    const upDotW = upVectorX * wx + upVectorY * wy + upVectorZ * wz;\r\n    const crossMagnitude = Geometry.hypotenuseXYZ(wx, wy, wz);\r\n    if (upDotW < 0.0) {\r\n      if (adjustToPositive) {\r\n        // The turn is greater than 180 degrees.  Take a peculiarly oriented atan2 to get the excess-180 part as\r\n        // addition to PI. This gives the smoothest numerical transition passing PI.\r\n        return Math.PI + Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, -uDotV);\r\n      } else {\r\n        return -Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n      }\r\n    } else {\r\n      return Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Add a multiple of a full circle angle (360 degrees, 2PI) in place.\r\n   * @param multiple multiplier factor\r\n   */\r\n  public addMultipleOf2PiInPlace(multiple: number) {\r\n    if (this._degrees !== undefined) {\r\n      this._degrees += multiple * 360.0;\r\n      this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(this._degrees);\r\n    } else {\r\n      this._radians += multiple * Angle.pi2Radians;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n"]}
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\r\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\r\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\r\n/** @packageDocumentation\r\n * @module CartesianGeometry\r\n */\r\n\r\nimport { AngleProps, BeJSONFunctions, Geometry, TrigValues } from \"../Geometry\";\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * An `Angle` carries the numeric value of an angle, with methods to allow (require!) callers to\r\n * be clear about whether their angle is degrees or radians.\r\n * * After the Angle object is created, the callers should not know or care whether it is stored in\r\n * `degrees` or `radians` because both are available if requested by caller.\r\n * * The various access method are named so that callers can specify whether untyped numbers passed in or\r\n * out are degrees or radians.\r\n * * Visualization can be found at https://www.itwinjs.org/sandbox/SaeedTorabi/AngleSweep\r\n * @public\r\n */\r\nexport class Angle implements BeJSONFunctions {\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/12 (15 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver12Radians = 0.26179938779914946;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/4 (45 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver4Radians = 7.853981633974483e-001;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi/2 (90 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piOver2Radians = 1.5707963267948966e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of pi (180 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly piRadians = 3.141592653589793e+000;\r\n  /** maximal accuracy value of 2*pi (360 degrees), in radians */\r\n  public static readonly pi2Radians = 6.283185307179586e+000;\r\n  /** scale factor for converting radians to degrees */\r\n  public static readonly degreesPerRadian = (45.0 / Angle.piOver4Radians);\r\n  /** scale factor for converting degrees to radians */\r\n  public static readonly radiansPerDegree = (Angle.piOver4Radians / 45.0);\r\n  private _radians: number;\r\n  private _degrees?: number;\r\n  private constructor(radians = 0, degrees?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a new angle with the same content. */\r\n  public clone(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this._radians, this._degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Freeze this instance so it is read-only */\r\n  public freeze(): Readonly<this> {\r\n    return Object.freeze(this);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new Angle object for angle given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static createDegrees(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees), degrees);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object for a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createRadians(radians: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a new `Angle` object with the default \"small\" angle measurement specified by [[Geometry.smallAngleRadians]].\r\n   */\r\n  public static createSmallAngle(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.smallAngleRadians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object that is interpolated between two inputs (based on a fraction)\r\n   * @param angle0 first angle in radians\r\n   * @param fraction the interpolation fraction\r\n   * @param angle1 second angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static createInterpolate(angle0: Angle, fraction: number, angle1: Angle): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Geometry.interpolate(angle0.radians, fraction, angle1.radians));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return a (new) Angle object, with angle scaled from existing angle.\r\n   * @param scale scale factor to apply to angle.\r\n   */\r\n  public cloneScaled(scale: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(this.radians * scale);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in radians.\r\n   * @param radians angle given in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public setRadians(radians: number) {\r\n    this._radians = radians;\r\n    this._degrees = undefined;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set this angle to a value given in degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle given in degrees.\r\n   */\r\n  public setDegrees(degrees: number) {\r\n    this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(degrees);\r\n    this._degrees = degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle for a full circle. */\r\n  public static create360(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.PI * 2.0, 360.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create a (strongly typed) Angle whose tangent is `numerator/denominator`, using the signs of both in\r\n   * determining the (otherwise ambiguous) quadrant.\r\n   * @param numerator numerator for tangent\r\n   * @param denominator denominator for tangent\r\n   */\r\n  public static createAtan2(numerator: number, denominator: number): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(Math.atan2(numerator, denominator));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Copy all contents of `other` to this Angle.\r\n   * @param other source data\r\n   */\r\n  public setFrom(other: Angle) {\r\n    this._radians = other._radians;\r\n    this._degrees = other._degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Set an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * * A simple number is considered as degrees.\r\n   * * specified `json.degrees` or `json._degrees` is degree value.\r\n   * * specified `son.radians` or `json._radians` is radians value.\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   */\r\n  public setFromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number) {\r\n    this._radians = defaultValRadians ? defaultValRadians : 0;\r\n    if (!json)\r\n      return;\r\n    if (typeof json === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees(json);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any).degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._degrees === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setDegrees((json as any)._degrees);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any).radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any).radians);\r\n    } else if (typeof (json as any)._radians === \"number\") {\r\n      this.setRadians((json as any)._radians);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Create an Angle from a JSON object\r\n   * @param json object from JSON.parse. If a number, value is in *DEGREES*\r\n   * @param defaultValRadians if json is undefined, default value in radians.\r\n   * @return a new Angle\r\n   */\r\n  public static fromJSON(json?: AngleProps, defaultValRadians?: number): Angle {\r\n    const val = new Angle();\r\n    val.setFromJSON(json, defaultValRadians);\r\n    return val;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Convert an Angle to a JSON object as a number in degrees */\r\n  public toJSON(): AngleProps {\r\n    return this.degrees;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a json object with radians keyword, e.g. `{ radians: 0.10}` */\r\n  public toJSONRadians(): AngleProps {\r\n    return { radians: this.radians };\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in radians. */\r\n  public get radians(): number {\r\n    return this._radians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the angle measured in degrees. */\r\n  public get degrees(): number {\r\n    return this._degrees !== undefined ? this._degrees : Angle.radiansToDegrees(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in degrees to radians.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in degrees\r\n   */\r\n  public static degreesToRadians(degrees: number): number {\r\n    return degrees * Math.PI / 180;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Convert an angle in radians to degrees.\r\n   * @param degrees angle in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansToDegrees(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians < 0)\r\n      return -Angle.radiansToDegrees(-radians);\r\n    // Now radians is positive ...\r\n    const pi = Math.PI;\r\n    const factor = 180.0 / pi;\r\n    /* the following if statements are for round-off reasons. The problem is that no IEEE number is\r\n      * an exact hit for any primary multiple of pi (90, 180, etc). The following is supposed to have\r\n      * a better chance that if the input was computed by direct assignment from 90, 180, etc degrees\r\n      * it will return exactly 90,180 etc.\r\n      */\r\n    if (radians <= 0.25 * pi)\r\n      return factor * radians;\r\n    if (radians < 0.75 * pi)\r\n      return 90.0 + 180 * ((radians - 0.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.25 * pi)\r\n      return 180.0 + 180 * ((radians - pi) / pi);\r\n    if (radians <= 1.75 * pi)\r\n      return 270.0 + 180 * ((radians - 1.5 * pi) / pi);\r\n    // all larger radians reference from 360 degrees (2PI)\r\n    return 360.0 + 180 * ((radians - 2.0 * pi) / pi);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the cosine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public cos(): number {\r\n    return Math.cos(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the sine of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public sin(): number {\r\n    return Math.sin(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return the tangent of this Angle object's angle */\r\n  public tan(): number {\r\n    return Math.tan(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if a radians (absolute) value is nearly 2PI or larger! */\r\n  public static isFullCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radians) >= Geometry.fullCircleRadiansMinusSmallAngle;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the radians value is a half circle */\r\n  public static isHalfCircleRadians(radians: number): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(Math.abs(radians) - Math.PI) <= Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a full circle */\r\n  public get isFullCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isFullCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is a half circle (in either direction) */\r\n  public get isHalfCircle(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this._radians);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..360 */\r\n  public static adjustDegrees0To360(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      if (degrees < period)\r\n        return degrees;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(degrees / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      const radians = Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(-degrees);\r\n      return 360.0 - radians;\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for Nan (disaster) !!!\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is in -180..180 */\r\n  public static adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(degrees) <= 180.0)\r\n      return degrees;\r\n    if (degrees >= 0) {\r\n      const period = 360.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((degrees - 180.0) / period);\r\n      return degrees - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (degrees < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(-degrees);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in 0..2Pi */\r\n  public static adjustRadians0To2Pi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      if (radians < period)\r\n        return radians;\r\n      const numPeriods = Math.floor(radians / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return Math.PI * 2.0 - Angle.adjustRadians0To2Pi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Adjust a radians value so it is positive in -PI..PI */\r\n  public static adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(radians: number): number {\r\n    if (Math.abs(radians) <= Math.PI)\r\n      return radians;\r\n    if (radians >= 0) {\r\n      const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n      const numPeriods = 1 + Math.floor((radians - Math.PI) / period);\r\n      return radians - numPeriods * period;\r\n    } else if (radians < 0) {\r\n      // negative angle ...\r\n      return -Angle.adjustRadiansMinusPiPlusPi(-radians);\r\n    }\r\n    // fall through for NaN disaster.\r\n    return 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Return a (newly allocated) Angle object with value 0 radians */\r\n  public static zero(): Angle {\r\n    return new Angle(0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is exactly zero. */\r\n  public get isExactZero(): boolean {\r\n    return this.radians === 0;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost zero (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostZero(): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians;\r\n  }\r\n  /** Test if the angle is almost a north or south pole (within tolerance `Geometry.smallAngleRadians`) */\r\n  public get isAlmostNorthOrSouthPole(): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isHalfCircleRadians(this.radians * 2.0);\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into 0..360. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustPositive(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegrees0To360(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /** Create an angle object with degrees adjusted into -180..180. */\r\n  public static createDegreesAdjustSigned180(degrees: number): Angle {\r\n    return Angle.createDegrees(Angle.adjustDegreesSigned180(degrees));\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two radians values are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e. by a multiple of `2*PI`)\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    const delta = Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB);\r\n    if (delta <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const period = Math.PI * 2.0;\r\n    if (Math.abs(delta - period) <= radianTol)\r\n      return true;\r\n    const numPeriod = Math.round(delta / period);\r\n    const delta1 = delta - numPeriod * period;\r\n    return Math.abs(delta1) <= radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n * Test if this angle has magnitude no greater than that of `other`.\r\n * @param other the other angle\r\n */\r\n  public isMagnitudeLessThanOrEqual(other: Angle): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(this.radians) <= Math.abs(other.radians);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if this angle and other are equivalent, allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualAllowPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two angle (in radians)  almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param radiansA first radians value\r\n   * @param radiansB second radians value\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public static isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(radiansA: number, radiansB: number,\r\n    radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Math.abs(radiansA - radiansB) < radianTol;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift(this._radians, other._radians, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if two this angle and other are almost equal, NOT allowing shift by full circle (i.e., multiples of `2 * PI`).\r\n   * * This function is same as isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift. Please use isAlmostEqualRadiansNoPeriodShift.\r\n   * @param other the other angle\r\n   * @param radianTol radian tolerance with default value of Geometry.smallAngleRadians\r\n   */\r\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Angle, radianTol: number = Geometry.smallAngleRadians): boolean {\r\n    return this.isAlmostEqualNoPeriodShift(other, radianTol);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Test if dot product values indicate non-zero length perpendicular vectors.\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   */\r\n  public static isPerpendicularDotSet(dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number): boolean {\r\n    return dotUU > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotVV > Geometry.smallMetricDistanceSquared\r\n      && dotUV * dotUV <= Geometry.smallAngleRadiansSquared * dotUU * dotVV;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Compute the angle A given r*cos(2A) and r*sin(2A) for some nonnegative scalar r.\r\n   * * This function assumes the input arguments are related to an angle between -PI and PI.\r\n   * * This function returns an angle between -PI and PI.\r\n   * @param rCos2A scaled cosine value of twice the angle A.\r\n   * @param rSin2A scaled sine value of twice the angle A.\r\n   * @return cos(A), sin(A) and A in radians\r\n   */\r\n  public static trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(rCos2A: number, rSin2A: number): TrigValues {\r\n    const r = Geometry.hypotenuseXY(rCos2A, rSin2A);\r\n    if (r < Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 }; // angle = 0\r\n    } else {\r\n      /* If the caller really gave you sine and cosine values, r should be 1.  However,\r\n       * to allow scaled values -- e.g. the x and y components of any vector -- we normalize\r\n       * right here. This adds an extra sqrt and two divisions, but improves\r\n       * both the usefulness and robustness of the computation.\r\n       */\r\n      let cosA;\r\n      let sinA = 0.0;\r\n      const cos2A = rCos2A / r;\r\n      const sin2A = rSin2A / r;\r\n      if (cos2A >= 0.0) { // 2A is in NE and SE quadrants, A in same quadrant\r\n        cosA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 + cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since cosA >= 0\r\n        sinA = sin2A / (2.0 * cosA); // double angle formula\r\n      } else {\r\n        if (sin2A > 0.0) { // 2A in NW quadrant. A in NE quadrant\r\n          sinA = Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use +root since sinA > 0\r\n        } else { // 2A in SW quadrant. A in SE quadrant\r\n          sinA = -Math.sqrt(0.5 * (1.0 - cos2A)); // half angle formula. Use -root since sinA <= 0\r\n        }\r\n        cosA = sin2A / (2.0 * sinA); // double angle formula\r\n      }\r\n      return { c: cosA, s: sinA, radians: Math.atan2(sinA, cosA) };\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /** If value is close to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, adjust it to the exact value. */\r\n  public static cleanupTrigValue(value: number, tolerance: number = Geometry.smallFloatingPoint): number {\r\n    const absValue = Math.abs(value);\r\n    if (absValue <= tolerance)\r\n      return 0;\r\n    let a = Math.abs(absValue - 0.5);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -0.5 : 0.5;\r\n    a = Math.abs(absValue - 1.0);\r\n    if (a <= tolerance)\r\n      return value < 0.0 ? -1.0 : 1.0;\r\n    return value;\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Return the half angle cosine, sine, and radians for the given vector dot products.\r\n   * * These values arise e.g. in the computation performed in `Arc3d.toScaledMatrix3d`.\r\n   * * Let vectors U and V define the ellipse x(t) = c + U cos(t) + V sin(t). We seek an angle t0\r\n   * such that the radial vector W(t0) := x(t0) - c is perpendicular to the ellipse.\r\n   * * Then 0 = W(t0).x'(t0) = (U cos(t0) + V sin(t0)).(V cos(t0) - U sin(t0)) = U.V cos(2t0) + 0.5 (V.V - U.U) sin(2t0)\r\n   * implies tan(2t0) = sin(2t0) / cos(2t0) = 2 U.V / (U.U - V.V), i.e., t0 can be computed given the input dot products.\r\n   * Math details can be found at docs/learning/geometry/Angle.md\r\n   * @param dotUU dot product of vectorU with itself\r\n   * @param dotVV dot product of vectorV with itself\r\n   * @param dotUV dot product of vectorU with vectorV\r\n   * @param favorZero whether to allow a tight tolerance for returning t0 = 0 (default true).\r\n   * When dotUV is near zero, U and V are nearly perpendicular, and the returned angle is near zero.\r\n   * @return the angle t0 and its cosine and sine.\r\n   */\r\n  public static dotProductsToHalfAngleTrigValues(\r\n    dotUU: number, dotVV: number, dotUV: number, favorZero: boolean = true,\r\n  ): TrigValues {\r\n    const cos2t0 = dotUU - dotVV;\r\n    const sin2t0 = 2.0 * dotUV;\r\n    if (favorZero && Math.abs(sin2t0) < Geometry.smallAngleRadians * (Math.abs(dotUU) + Math.abs(dotVV)))\r\n      return { c: 1.0, s: 0.0, radians: 0.0 };\r\n    return Angle.trigValuesToHalfAngleTrigValues(cos2t0, sin2t0);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components\r\n   * * The returned angle is between 0 and PI\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   */\r\n  public static radiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number, vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    return Math.atan2(Geometry.crossProductMagnitude(ux, uy, uz, vx, vy, vz), uDotV);\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Returns the angle between two vectors, with the vectors given as xyz components, and an up vector to resolve\r\n   * angle to a full 2PI range.\r\n   * * The returned angle is (-PI < radians <= PI) or (0 <= radians < 2 * PI)\r\n   * * The angle is in the plane of the U and V vectors.\r\n   * * The upVector determines a positive side of the plane but need not be strictly perpendicular to the plane.\r\n   * @param ux x component of vector u\r\n   * @param uy y component of vector u\r\n   * @param uz z component of vector u\r\n   * @param vx x component of vector v\r\n   * @param vy y component of vector v\r\n   * @param vz z component of vector v\r\n   * @param upVectorX x component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorY y component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param upVectorZ z component of vector to positive side of plane.\r\n   * @param adjustToAllPositive if true, return strictly non-negative sweep (0 <= radians < 2*PI). If false, return\r\n   * signed (-PI < radians <= PI)\r\n   */\r\n  public static orientedRadiansBetweenVectorsXYZ(\r\n    ux: number, uy: number, uz: number,\r\n    vx: number, vy: number, vz: number,\r\n    upVectorX: number, upVectorY: number, upVectorZ: number,\r\n    adjustToPositive: boolean = false,\r\n  ): number {\r\n    const uDotV = ux * vx + uy * vy + uz * vz;\r\n    const wx = uy * vz - uz * vy;\r\n    const wy = uz * vx - ux * vz;\r\n    const wz = ux * vy - uy * vx;\r\n    const upDotW = upVectorX * wx + upVectorY * wy + upVectorZ * wz;\r\n    const crossMagnitude = Geometry.hypotenuseXYZ(wx, wy, wz);\r\n    if (upDotW < 0.0) {\r\n      if (adjustToPositive) {\r\n        // The turn is greater than 180 degrees.  Take a peculiarly oriented atan2 to get the excess-180 part as\r\n        // addition to PI. This gives the smoothest numerical transition passing PI.\r\n        return Math.PI + Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, -uDotV);\r\n      } else {\r\n        return -Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n      }\r\n    } else {\r\n      return Math.atan2(crossMagnitude, uDotV);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  /**\r\n   * Add a multiple of a full circle angle (360 degrees, 2PI) in place.\r\n   * @param multiple multiplier factor\r\n   */\r\n  public addMultipleOf2PiInPlace(multiple: number) {\r\n    if (this._degrees !== undefined) {\r\n      this._degrees += multiple * 360.0;\r\n      this._radians = Angle.degreesToRadians(this._degrees);\r\n    } else {\r\n      this._radians += multiple * Angle.pi2Radians;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n"]}

package/lib/cjs/solid/TorusPipe.d.ts

@@ -13,23 +13,27 @@ import { Range3d } from "../geometry3d/Range";
 import { Transform } from "../geometry3d/Transform";
 import { SolidPrimitive } from "./SolidPrimitive";
 /**
- * A torus pipe is a partial torus (donut).  In a local coordinate system
- * * The z axis passes through the hole.
- * * The "major hoop" arc has
- *   * vectorTheta0 = (radiusA, 0, 0)
- *   * vectorTheta90 = (0, radiusA, 0)
- *   * The major arc point at angle theta is `C(theta) = vectorTheta0 * cos(theta) + vectorTheta90 * sin(theta)
- * * The minor hoop at theta various with phi "around the minor hoop"
- *    * (x,y,z) = C(theta) + (radiusB * cos(theta), radiusB * sin(theta), 0) * cos(phi) + (0, 0, radiusB) * sin(phi)
+ * A torus pipe is a partial torus (donut).
+ * * In its local coordinate system, the z-axis passes through the donut hole.
+ * * The "major hoop" circular arc is defined for theta in the angular sweep. Its formula in local coordinates:
+ *   * `vectorTheta0 = (radiusA, 0, 0)`
+ *   * `vectorTheta90 = (0, radiusA, 0)`
+ *   * `M(theta) = vectorTheta0 * cos(theta) + vectorTheta90 * sin(theta)`
+ * * The "minor hoop" circular arc is defined for phi in [0,2pi]. Its formula, centered at the origin:
+ *   * `vectorPhi0 = (radiusB * cos(theta), radiusB * sin(theta), 0)`
+ *   * `vectorPhi90 = (0, 0, radiusB)`
+ *   * `m(phi) = vectorPhi0 * cos(phi) + vectorPhi90 * sin(phi)`
+ * * Thus the torus pipe in local coordinates has the formula:
+ *   * `T(theta, phi) = M(theta) + m(phi)`
  * * The stored form of the torus pipe is oriented for positive volume:
  *   * Both radii are positive, with radiusA >= radiusB > 0
  *   * The sweep is positive
  *   * The coordinate system has positive determinant.
  * * For uv parameterization,
- *   * u is around the minor hoop, with (0..1) mapping to phi of (0 degrees ..360 degrees)
- *   * v is along the major hoop with (0..1) mapping to theta of (0 .. sweep)
+ *   * u is around the minor hoop, with u in [0,1] mapping to phi in [0, 2pi]
+ *   * v is along the major hoop, with v in [0,1] mapping to theta in the angular sweep
  *   * a constant v section is a full circle
- *   * a constant u section is an arc with sweep angle matching the torusPipe sweep angle.
+ *   * a constant u section is an arc with the same angular sweep as the torusPipe
  * @public
  */
 export declare class TorusPipe extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface, UVSurfaceIsoParametricDistance {
@@ -57,7 +61,10 @@ export declare class TorusPipe extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface, UVSu
     static createInFrame(frame: Transform, majorRadius: number, minorRadius: number, sweep: Angle, capped: boolean): TorusPipe | undefined;
     /** Create a TorusPipe from the typical parameters of the Dgn file */
     static createDgnTorusPipe(center: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorY: Vector3d, majorRadius: number, minorRadius: number, sweep: Angle, capped: boolean): TorusPipe | undefined;
-    /** Create a TorusPipe from its primary arc and minor radius */
+    /**
+     * Create a TorusPipe from major arc and minor radius.
+     * For best results, `arc` should be circular; otherwise, circularity is coerced.
+     */
     static createAlongArc(arc: Arc3d, minorRadius: number, capped: boolean): TorusPipe | undefined;
     /** Return a coordinate frame (right handed, unit axes)
      * * origin at center of major circle

package/lib/cjs/solid/TorusPipe.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/lib/cjs/solid/TorusPipe.js

@@ -19,23 +19,27 @@ const Point2dVector2d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Point2dVector2d");
 const Transform_1 = require("../geometry3d/Transform");
 const SolidPrimitive_1 = require("./SolidPrimitive");
 /**
- * A torus pipe is a partial torus (donut).  In a local coordinate system
- * * The z axis passes through the hole.
- * * The "major hoop" arc has
- *   * vectorTheta0 = (radiusA, 0, 0)
- *   * vectorTheta90 = (0, radiusA, 0)
- *   * The major arc point at angle theta is `C(theta) = vectorTheta0 * cos(theta) + vectorTheta90 * sin(theta)
- * * The minor hoop at theta various with phi "around the minor hoop"
- *    * (x,y,z) = C(theta) + (radiusB * cos(theta), radiusB * sin(theta), 0) * cos(phi) + (0, 0, radiusB) * sin(phi)
+ * A torus pipe is a partial torus (donut).
+ * * In its local coordinate system, the z-axis passes through the donut hole.
+ * * The "major hoop" circular arc is defined for theta in the angular sweep. Its formula in local coordinates:
+ *   * `vectorTheta0 = (radiusA, 0, 0)`
+ *   * `vectorTheta90 = (0, radiusA, 0)`
+ *   * `M(theta) = vectorTheta0 * cos(theta) + vectorTheta90 * sin(theta)`
+ * * The "minor hoop" circular arc is defined for phi in [0,2pi]. Its formula, centered at the origin:
+ *   * `vectorPhi0 = (radiusB * cos(theta), radiusB * sin(theta), 0)`
+ *   * `vectorPhi90 = (0, 0, radiusB)`
+ *   * `m(phi) = vectorPhi0 * cos(phi) + vectorPhi90 * sin(phi)`
+ * * Thus the torus pipe in local coordinates has the formula:
+ *   * `T(theta, phi) = M(theta) + m(phi)`
  * * The stored form of the torus pipe is oriented for positive volume:
  *   * Both radii are positive, with radiusA >= radiusB > 0
  *   * The sweep is positive
  *   * The coordinate system has positive determinant.
  * * For uv parameterization,
- *   * u is around the minor hoop, with (0..1) mapping to phi of (0 degrees ..360 degrees)
- *   * v is along the major hoop with (0..1) mapping to theta of (0 .. sweep)
+ *   * u is around the minor hoop, with u in [0,1] mapping to phi in [0, 2pi]
+ *   * v is along the major hoop, with v in [0,1] mapping to theta in the angular sweep
  *   * a constant v section is a full circle
- *   * a constant u section is an arc with sweep angle matching the torusPipe sweep angle.
+ *   * a constant u section is an arc with the same angular sweep as the torusPipe
  * @public
  */
 class TorusPipe extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
@@ -114,14 +118,22 @@ class TorusPipe extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
         const frame = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrixColumns(center, vectorX, vectorY, vectorZ);
         return TorusPipe.createInFrame(frame, majorRadius, minorRadius, sweep, capped);
     }
-    /** Create a TorusPipe from its primary arc and minor radius */
+    /**
+     * Create a TorusPipe from major arc and minor radius.
+     * For best results, `arc` should be circular; otherwise, circularity is coerced.
+     */
     static createAlongArc(arc, minorRadius, capped) {
         if (!Angle_1.Angle.isAlmostEqualRadiansAllowPeriodShift(0.0, arc.sweep.startRadians))
             arc = arc.cloneInRotatedBasis(arc.sweep.startAngle);
-        const sweepRadians = arc.sweep.sweepRadians;
+        if (!arc.isCircular) { // ensure circularity by squaring the axes and equating their lengths
+            const perpVector90 = arc.perpendicularVector.sizedCrossProduct(arc.vector0, arc.matrixRef.columnXMagnitude());
+            if (!perpVector90)
+                return undefined;
+            arc = Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(arc.center, arc.vector0, perpVector90, arc.sweep);
+        }
         const data = arc.toScaledMatrix3d();
-        const frame = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(data.center, data.axes);
-        return TorusPipe.createInFrame(frame, data.r0, minorRadius, Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(sweepRadians), capped);
+        const rigidFrame = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(arc.center, data.axes);
+        return TorusPipe.createInFrame(rigidFrame, data.r0, minorRadius, Angle_1.Angle.createRadians(arc.sweep.sweepRadians), capped);
     }
     /** Return a coordinate frame (right handed, unit axes)
      * * origin at center of major circle