@invintusmedia/tomp4 1.1.1 → 1.2.1

package/src/fmp4/converter.js

@@ -1,143 +1,614 @@
 /**
  * fMP4 to Standard MP4 Converter
- * 
- * Converts a fragmented MP4 file to a standard MP4 container
- * by extracting samples from fragments and rebuilding the moov box.
- * 
+ *
+ * Converts fragmented MP4 data to standard MP4 and supports
+ * sample-level clipping for fMP4 inputs.
+ *
  * @module fmp4/converter
  */
 
 import {
-    parseBoxes, findBox, parseChildBoxes, createBox,
-    parseTfhd, parseTrun
+    parseBoxes,
+    findBox,
+    parseChildBoxes,
+    createBox,
+    parseTfhd,
+    parseTfdt,
+    parseTrun,
+    getMovieTimescale,
 } from './utils.js';
 
-// ============================================
-// Moov Rebuilding Functions
-// ============================================
+function createFullBox(type, version, flags, ...payloads) {
+    const header = new Uint8Array(4);
+    header[0] = version;
+    header[1] = (flags >> 16) & 0xff;
+    header[2] = (flags >> 8) & 0xff;
+    header[3] = flags & 0xff;
+    return createBox(type, header, ...payloads);
+}
+
+function sumSampleDurations(samples) {
+    let total = 0;
+    for (const sample of samples) total += sample.duration || 0;
+    return total;
+}
+
+function toMovieTimescale(value, trackTimescale, movieTimescale) {
+    if (!trackTimescale || !movieTimescale) return value;
+    return Math.round((value * movieTimescale) / trackTimescale);
+}
+
+function isSyncSample(sample) {
+    const flags = sample.flags;
+    if (flags === undefined || flags === null) return true;
+    return ((flags >> 16) & 0x1) === 0;
+}
+
+function parseTrex(trexData) {
+    const view = new DataView(trexData.buffer, trexData.byteOffset, trexData.byteLength);
+    return {
+        trackId: view.getUint32(12),
+        defaultSampleDuration: view.getUint32(20),
+        defaultSampleSize: view.getUint32(24),
+        defaultSampleFlags: view.getUint32(28),
+    };
+}
+
+function extractTrexDefaults(moovBox) {
+    const defaults = new Map();
+    const moovChildren = parseChildBoxes(moovBox);
+    const mvex = findBox(moovChildren, 'mvex');
+    if (!mvex) return defaults;
+
+    const mvexChildren = parseChildBoxes(mvex);
+    for (const child of mvexChildren) {
+        if (child.type !== 'trex') continue;
+        const trex = parseTrex(child.data);
+        defaults.set(trex.trackId, trex);
+    }
+    return defaults;
+}
+
+function extractTrackMetadata(moovBox) {
+    const trackMetadata = new Map();
+    const trackOrder = [];
+    const moovChildren = parseChildBoxes(moovBox);
+
+    for (const child of moovChildren) {
+        if (child.type !== 'trak') continue;
+        const trakChildren = parseChildBoxes(child);
+
+        let trackId = null;
+        let timescale = 0;
+        let handlerType = 'unknown';
+
+        for (const trakChild of trakChildren) {
+            if (trakChild.type === 'tkhd') {
+                const view = new DataView(trakChild.data.buffer, trakChild.data.byteOffset, trakChild.data.byteLength);
+                trackId = trakChild.data[8] === 0 ? view.getUint32(20) : view.getUint32(28);
+            } else if (trakChild.type === 'mdia') {
+                const mdiaChildren = parseChildBoxes(trakChild);
+                for (const mdiaChild of mdiaChildren) {
+                    if (mdiaChild.type === 'mdhd') {
+                        const view = new DataView(mdiaChild.data.buffer, mdiaChild.data.byteOffset, mdiaChild.data.byteLength);
+                        timescale = mdiaChild.data[8] === 0 ? view.getUint32(20) : view.getUint32(28);
+                    } else if (mdiaChild.type === 'hdlr' && mdiaChild.data.byteLength >= 20) {
+                        handlerType = String.fromCharCode(
+                            mdiaChild.data[16],
+                            mdiaChild.data[17],
+                            mdiaChild.data[18],
+                            mdiaChild.data[19],
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (trackId !== null) {
+            trackMetadata.set(trackId, {
+                trackId,
+                timescale: timescale || 90000,
+                handlerType,
+            });
+            trackOrder.push(trackId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return { trackMetadata, trackOrder };
+}
+
+function cloneSample(sample) {
+    return {
+        duration: sample.duration || 0,
+        size: sample.size || 0,
+        flags: sample.flags,
+        compositionTimeOffset: sample.compositionTimeOffset || 0,
+        dts: sample.dts || 0,
+        pts: sample.pts || 0,
+        byteOffset: sample.byteOffset || 0,
+    };
+}
+
+function normalizeSamples(samples, baseDts) {
+    return samples.map((sample) => {
+        const next = cloneSample(sample);
+        next.dts -= baseDts;
+        next.pts -= baseDts;
+        return next;
+    });
+}
+
+function clipVideoSamples(samples, startTick, endTick) {
+    if (!samples.length) {
+        return { samples: [], mediaTime: 0, playbackDuration: 0 };
+    }
+
+    let requestedStartIndex = samples.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < samples.length; i++) {
+        const sampleEnd = (samples[i].pts || 0) + (samples[i].duration || 0);
+        if (sampleEnd > startTick) {
+            requestedStartIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (requestedStartIndex >= samples.length) {
+        return { samples: [], mediaTime: 0, playbackDuration: 0 };
+    }
+
+    let decodeStartIndex = requestedStartIndex;
+    for (let i = requestedStartIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
+        if (isSyncSample(samples[i])) {
+            decodeStartIndex = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let endIndex = samples.length;
+    if (Number.isFinite(endTick)) {
+        for (let i = decodeStartIndex; i < samples.length; i++) {
+            if ((samples[i].pts || 0) >= endTick) {
+                endIndex = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (endIndex <= decodeStartIndex) {
+        return { samples: [], mediaTime: 0, playbackDuration: 0 };
+    }
+
+    const selected = samples.slice(decodeStartIndex, endIndex);
+    const decodeStartDts = selected[0].dts || 0;
+    const mediaTime = Math.max(0, startTick - decodeStartDts);
+    const normalized = normalizeSamples(selected, decodeStartDts);
+    const decodeDuration = sumSampleDurations(normalized);
+    const maxPlayable = Math.max(0, decodeDuration - mediaTime);
+    const requested = Number.isFinite(endTick) ? Math.max(0, endTick - startTick) : maxPlayable;
+    const playbackDuration = Math.min(requested, maxPlayable);
+
+    return {
+        samples: normalized,
+        mediaTime,
+        playbackDuration,
+    };
+}
+
+function clipNonVideoSamples(samples, startTick, endTick) {
+    if (!samples.length) {
+        return { samples: [], mediaTime: 0, playbackDuration: 0 };
+    }
+
+    let startIndex = 0;
+    while (startIndex < samples.length && (samples[startIndex].pts || 0) < startTick) {
+        startIndex++;
+    }
+    if (startIndex >= samples.length) {
+        return { samples: [], mediaTime: 0, playbackDuration: 0 };
+    }
+
+    let endIndex = samples.length;
+    if (Number.isFinite(endTick)) {
+        for (let i = startIndex; i < samples.length; i++) {
+            if ((samples[i].pts || 0) >= endTick) {
+                endIndex = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (endIndex <= startIndex) {
+        return { samples: [], mediaTime: 0, playbackDuration: 0 };
+    }
+
+    const selected = samples.slice(startIndex, endIndex);
+    const decodeStartDts = selected[0].dts || 0;
+    const normalized = normalizeSamples(selected, decodeStartDts);
+    const decodeDuration = sumSampleDurations(normalized);
+    const requested = Number.isFinite(endTick) ? Math.max(0, endTick - startTick) : decodeDuration;
+    const playbackDuration = Math.min(requested, decodeDuration);
+
+    return {
+        samples: normalized,
+        mediaTime: 0,
+        playbackDuration,
+    };
+}
+
+function applyClipToTracks(tracks, options = {}) {
+    const hasStart = Number.isFinite(options.startTime);
+    const hasEnd = Number.isFinite(options.endTime);
+    if (!hasStart && !hasEnd) {
+        for (const [, track] of tracks) {
+            if (!track.samples.length) continue;
+            const baseDts = track.samples[0].dts || 0;
+            track.samples = normalizeSamples(track.samples, baseDts);
+            track.mediaTime = 0;
+            track.playbackDuration = sumSampleDurations(track.samples);
+        }
+        return tracks;
+    }
+
+    const startSec = hasStart ? Math.max(0, options.startTime) : 0;
+    const endSec = hasEnd ? Math.max(startSec, options.endTime) : Infinity;
+
+    let videoTrackId = null;
+    for (const [trackId, track] of tracks) {
+        if (track.handlerType === 'vide' && track.samples.length > 0) {
+            videoTrackId = trackId;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const clipped = new Map();
+    for (const [trackId, track] of tracks) {
+        if (!track.samples.length) continue;
+
+        const startTick = Math.round(startSec * track.timescale);
+        const endTick = Number.isFinite(endSec) ? Math.round(endSec * track.timescale) : Infinity;
+        const clip = trackId === videoTrackId
+            ? clipVideoSamples(track.samples, startTick, endTick)
+            : clipNonVideoSamples(track.samples, startTick, endTick);
+
+        if (!clip.samples.length) continue;
+
+        clipped.set(trackId, {
+            ...track,
+            samples: clip.samples,
+            mediaTime: clip.mediaTime,
+            playbackDuration: clip.playbackDuration,
+            chunkOffsets: [],
+        });
+    }
+
+    return clipped;
+}
+
+function collectTrackSamples(boxes, trackMetadata, trexDefaults) {
+    const tracks = new Map();
+    const mdatChunks = [];
+    let combinedMdatOffset = 0;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < boxes.length; i++) {
+        const box = boxes[i];
+        if (box.type === 'moof') {
+            const moofChildren = parseChildBoxes(box);
+            const moofStart = box.offset;
+
+            let nextMdatOffset = -1;
+            for (let j = i + 1; j < boxes.length; j++) {
+                if (boxes[j].type === 'mdat') {
+                    nextMdatOffset = boxes[j].offset;
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (boxes[j].type === 'moof') break;
+            }
+            if (nextMdatOffset < 0) continue;
+
+            const mdatContentStartAbs = nextMdatOffset + 8;
+
+            for (const child of moofChildren) {
+                if (child.type !== 'traf') continue;
+
+                const trafChildren = parseChildBoxes(child);
+                const tfhdBox = findBox(trafChildren, 'tfhd');
+                if (!tfhdBox) continue;
+
+                const tfhdView = new DataView(tfhdBox.data.buffer, tfhdBox.data.byteOffset, tfhdBox.data.byteLength);
+                const trackId = tfhdView.getUint32(12);
+                const tfhd = parseTfhd(tfhdBox.data, trexDefaults.get(trackId) || {});
+                const tfdtBox = findBox(trafChildren, 'tfdt');
+                let decodeTime = tfdtBox ? parseTfdt(tfdtBox.data) : 0;
+                let runDataCursorAbs = null;
+
+                if (!tracks.has(trackId)) {
+                    const meta = trackMetadata.get(trackId) || {};
+                    tracks.set(trackId, {
+                        trackId,
+                        timescale: meta.timescale || 90000,
+                        handlerType: meta.handlerType || 'unknown',
+                        samples: [],
+                        chunkOffsets: [],
+                        mediaTime: 0,
+                        playbackDuration: 0,
+                    });
+                }
+                const track = tracks.get(trackId);
+
+                for (const trafChild of trafChildren) {
+                    if (trafChild.type !== 'trun') continue;
+                    const { samples, dataOffset, flags } = parseTrun(trafChild.data, tfhd);
+                    const runSize = samples.reduce((sum, sample) => sum + (sample.size || 0), 0);
+
+                    let dataStartAbs;
+                    if (flags & 0x1) {
+                        const baseAbs = (tfhd.flags & 0x1) ? tfhd.baseDataOffset : moofStart;
+                        dataStartAbs = baseAbs + dataOffset;
+                    } else if (runDataCursorAbs !== null) {
+                        dataStartAbs = runDataCursorAbs;
+                    } else {
+                        dataStartAbs = mdatContentStartAbs;
+                    }
+
+                    let sampleByteOffset = combinedMdatOffset + Math.max(0, dataStartAbs - mdatContentStartAbs);
+                    for (const sample of samples) {
+                        const dts = decodeTime;
+                        const pts = dts + (sample.compositionTimeOffset || 0);
+                        track.samples.push({
+                            ...sample,
+                            dts,
+                            pts,
+                            byteOffset: sampleByteOffset,
+                        });
+                        decodeTime += sample.duration || 0;
+                        sampleByteOffset += sample.size || 0;
+                    }
+
+                    runDataCursorAbs = dataStartAbs + runSize;
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (box.type === 'mdat') {
+            const data = box.data.subarray(8);
+            mdatChunks.push({ data, offset: combinedMdatOffset });
+            combinedMdatOffset += data.byteLength;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const combinedMdat = new Uint8Array(combinedMdatOffset);
+    for (const chunk of mdatChunks) {
+        combinedMdat.set(chunk.data, chunk.offset);
+    }
+
+    return { tracks, combinedMdat };
+}
+
+function rebuildMdatContent(tracks, trackOrder, sourceMdat) {
+    const orderedTrackIds = trackOrder.filter((trackId) => tracks.has(trackId));
+    for (const trackId of tracks.keys()) {
+        if (!orderedTrackIds.includes(trackId)) orderedTrackIds.push(trackId);
+    }
+
+    let totalSize = 0;
+    for (const trackId of orderedTrackIds) {
+        const track = tracks.get(trackId);
+        for (const sample of track.samples) totalSize += sample.size || 0;
+    }
+
+    const mdatData = new Uint8Array(totalSize);
+    let writeOffset = 0;
+
+    for (const trackId of orderedTrackIds) {
+        const track = tracks.get(trackId);
+        if (!track || !track.samples.length) {
+            if (track) track.chunkOffsets = [];
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        track.chunkOffsets = [{ offset: writeOffset, sampleCount: track.samples.length }];
+        for (const sample of track.samples) {
+            const start = sample.byteOffset || 0;
+            const end = start + (sample.size || 0);
+            if (start < 0 || end > sourceMdat.byteLength) {
+                throw new Error(`Invalid sample byte range for track ${trackId}: ${start}-${end}`);
+            }
+            mdatData.set(sourceMdat.subarray(start, end), writeOffset);
+            sample.byteOffset = writeOffset;
+            writeOffset += sample.size || 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return mdatData;
+}
+
+function calculateMovieDuration(tracks, movieTimescale) {
+    let maxDuration = 0;
+    for (const [, track] of tracks) {
+        const fallback = Math.max(0, sumSampleDurations(track.samples) - (track.mediaTime || 0));
+        const playbackDuration = track.playbackDuration > 0 ? track.playbackDuration : fallback;
+        track.playbackDuration = playbackDuration;
+        track.movieDuration = toMovieTimescale(playbackDuration, track.timescale, movieTimescale);
+        maxDuration = Math.max(maxDuration, track.movieDuration);
+    }
+    return maxDuration;
+}
 
 function rebuildMvhd(mvhdBox, duration) {
     const data = new Uint8Array(mvhdBox.data);
     const view = new DataView(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength);
     const version = data[8];
     const durationOffset = version === 0 ? 24 : 32;
-    if (version === 0) view.setUint32(durationOffset, duration);
-    else { view.setUint32(durationOffset, 0); view.setUint32(durationOffset + 4, duration); }
+    if (version === 0) {
+        view.setUint32(durationOffset, duration);
+    } else {
+        view.setUint32(durationOffset, 0);
+        view.setUint32(durationOffset + 4, duration);
+    }
     return data;
 }
 
-function rebuildTkhd(tkhdBox, trackInfo, maxDuration) {
+function rebuildTkhd(tkhdBox, trackInfo, maxMovieDuration) {
     const data = new Uint8Array(tkhdBox.data);
     const view = new DataView(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength);
     const version = data[8];
-    let trackDuration = maxDuration;
-    if (trackInfo) { trackDuration = 0; for (const s of trackInfo.samples) trackDuration += s.duration || 0; }
-    if (version === 0) view.setUint32(28, trackDuration);
-    else { view.setUint32(36, 0); view.setUint32(40, trackDuration); }
+    const duration = trackInfo?.movieDuration ?? maxMovieDuration;
+    if (version === 0) view.setUint32(28, duration);
+    else {
+        view.setUint32(36, 0);
+        view.setUint32(40, duration);
+    }
     return data;
 }
 
-function rebuildMdhd(mdhdBox, trackInfo, maxDuration) {
+function rebuildMdhd(mdhdBox, trackInfo) {
     const data = new Uint8Array(mdhdBox.data);
     const view = new DataView(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength);
     const version = data[8];
-    let trackDuration = 0;
-    if (trackInfo) for (const s of trackInfo.samples) trackDuration += s.duration || 0;
+    const duration = sumSampleDurations(trackInfo?.samples || []);
     const durationOffset = version === 0 ? 24 : 32;
-    if (version === 0) view.setUint32(durationOffset, trackDuration);
-    else { view.setUint32(durationOffset, 0); view.setUint32(durationOffset + 4, trackDuration); }
+    if (version === 0) {
+        view.setUint32(durationOffset, duration);
+    } else {
+        view.setUint32(durationOffset, 0);
+        view.setUint32(durationOffset + 4, duration);
+    }
     return data;
 }
 
 function rebuildStbl(stblBox, trackInfo) {
     const stblChildren = parseChildBoxes(stblBox);
     const newParts = [];
-    for (const child of stblChildren) if (child.type === 'stsd') { newParts.push(child.data); break; }
+    for (const child of stblChildren) {
+        if (child.type === 'stsd') {
+            newParts.push(child.data);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
     const samples = trackInfo?.samples || [];
     const chunkOffsets = trackInfo?.chunkOffsets || [];
 
     // stts
     const sttsEntries = [];
-    let curDur = null, count = 0;
-    for (const s of samples) {
-        const d = s.duration || 0;
-        if (d === curDur) count++;
-        else { if (curDur !== null) sttsEntries.push({ count, duration: curDur }); curDur = d; count = 1; }
+    let currentDuration = null;
+    let currentCount = 0;
+    for (const sample of samples) {
+        const duration = sample.duration || 0;
+        if (duration === currentDuration) currentCount++;
+        else {
+            if (currentDuration !== null) {
+                sttsEntries.push({ count: currentCount, duration: currentDuration });
+            }
+            currentDuration = duration;
+            currentCount = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (currentDuration !== null) {
+        sttsEntries.push({ count: currentCount, duration: currentDuration });
     }
-    if (curDur !== null) sttsEntries.push({ count, duration: curDur });
     const sttsData = new Uint8Array(8 + sttsEntries.length * 8);
     const sttsView = new DataView(sttsData.buffer);
     sttsView.setUint32(4, sttsEntries.length);
-    let off = 8;
-    for (const e of sttsEntries) { sttsView.setUint32(off, e.count); sttsView.setUint32(off + 4, e.duration); off += 8; }
+    let offset = 8;
+    for (const entry of sttsEntries) {
+        sttsView.setUint32(offset, entry.count);
+        sttsView.setUint32(offset + 4, entry.duration);
+        offset += 8;
+    }
     newParts.push(createBox('stts', sttsData));
 
     // stsc
     const stscEntries = [];
     if (chunkOffsets.length > 0) {
-        let currentSampleCount = chunkOffsets[0].sampleCount, firstChunk = 1;
+        let currentSampleCount = chunkOffsets[0].sampleCount;
+        let firstChunk = 1;
         for (let i = 1; i <= chunkOffsets.length; i++) {
             const sampleCount = i < chunkOffsets.length ? chunkOffsets[i].sampleCount : -1;
             if (sampleCount !== currentSampleCount) {
-                stscEntries.push({ firstChunk, samplesPerChunk: currentSampleCount, sampleDescriptionIndex: 1 });
-                firstChunk = i + 1; currentSampleCount = sampleCount;
+                stscEntries.push({
+                    firstChunk,
+                    samplesPerChunk: currentSampleCount,
+                    sampleDescriptionIndex: 1,
+                });
+                firstChunk = i + 1;
+                currentSampleCount = sampleCount;
             }
         }
-    } else stscEntries.push({ firstChunk: 1, samplesPerChunk: samples.length, sampleDescriptionIndex: 1 });
+    }
     const stscData = new Uint8Array(8 + stscEntries.length * 12);
     const stscView = new DataView(stscData.buffer);
     stscView.setUint32(4, stscEntries.length);
-    off = 8;
-    for (const e of stscEntries) { stscView.setUint32(off, e.firstChunk); stscView.setUint32(off + 4, e.samplesPerChunk); stscView.setUint32(off + 8, e.sampleDescriptionIndex); off += 12; }
+    offset = 8;
+    for (const entry of stscEntries) {
+        stscView.setUint32(offset, entry.firstChunk);
+        stscView.setUint32(offset + 4, entry.samplesPerChunk);
+        stscView.setUint32(offset + 8, entry.sampleDescriptionIndex);
+        offset += 12;
+    }
     newParts.push(createBox('stsc', stscData));
 
     // stsz
     const stszData = new Uint8Array(12 + samples.length * 4);
     const stszView = new DataView(stszData.buffer);
     stszView.setUint32(8, samples.length);
-    off = 12;
-    for (const s of samples) { stszView.setUint32(off, s.size || 0); off += 4; }
+    offset = 12;
+    for (const sample of samples) {
+        stszView.setUint32(offset, sample.size || 0);
+        offset += 4;
+    }
     newParts.push(createBox('stsz', stszData));
 
     // stco
-    const numChunks = chunkOffsets.length || 1;
-    const stcoData = new Uint8Array(8 + numChunks * 4);
+    const stcoData = new Uint8Array(8 + chunkOffsets.length * 4);
     const stcoView = new DataView(stcoData.buffer);
-    stcoView.setUint32(4, numChunks);
-    for (let i = 0; i < numChunks; i++) stcoView.setUint32(8 + i * 4, chunkOffsets[i]?.offset || 0);
+    stcoView.setUint32(4, chunkOffsets.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < chunkOffsets.length; i++) {
+        stcoView.setUint32(8 + i * 4, chunkOffsets[i].offset || 0);
+    }
     newParts.push(createBox('stco', stcoData));
 
     // ctts
-    const hasCtts = samples.some(s => s.compositionTimeOffset);
+    const hasCtts = samples.some((sample) => sample.compositionTimeOffset);
     if (hasCtts) {
         const cttsEntries = [];
-        let curOff = null; count = 0;
-        for (const s of samples) {
-            const o = s.compositionTimeOffset || 0;
-            if (o === curOff) count++;
-            else { if (curOff !== null) cttsEntries.push({ count, offset: curOff }); curOff = o; count = 1; }
+        let currentOffset = null;
+        currentCount = 0;
+        for (const sample of samples) {
+            const compositionOffset = sample.compositionTimeOffset || 0;
+            if (compositionOffset === currentOffset) currentCount++;
+            else {
+                if (currentOffset !== null) {
+                    cttsEntries.push({ count: currentCount, offset: currentOffset });
+                }
+                currentOffset = compositionOffset;
+                currentCount = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (currentOffset !== null) {
+            cttsEntries.push({ count: currentCount, offset: currentOffset });
         }
-        if (curOff !== null) cttsEntries.push({ count, offset: curOff });
         const cttsData = new Uint8Array(8 + cttsEntries.length * 8);
         const cttsView = new DataView(cttsData.buffer);
         cttsView.setUint32(4, cttsEntries.length);
-        off = 8;
-        for (const e of cttsEntries) { cttsView.setUint32(off, e.count); cttsView.setInt32(off + 4, e.offset); off += 8; }
+        offset = 8;
+        for (const entry of cttsEntries) {
+            cttsView.setUint32(offset, entry.count);
+            cttsView.setInt32(offset + 4, entry.offset);
+            offset += 8;
+        }
         newParts.push(createBox('ctts', cttsData));
     }
 
-    // stss
+    // stss (video sync samples)
     const syncSamples = [];
     for (let i = 0; i < samples.length; i++) {
-        const flags = samples[i].flags;
-        if (flags !== undefined) { if (!((flags >> 16) & 0x1)) syncSamples.push(i + 1); }
+        if (isSyncSample(samples[i])) syncSamples.push(i + 1);
     }
     if (syncSamples.length > 0 && syncSamples.length < samples.length) {
         const stssData = new Uint8Array(8 + syncSamples.length * 4);
         const stssView = new DataView(stssData.buffer);
         stssView.setUint32(4, syncSamples.length);
-        off = 8;
-        for (const n of syncSamples) { stssView.setUint32(off, n); off += 4; }
+        offset = 8;
+        for (const sampleNumber of syncSamples) {
+            stssView.setUint32(offset, sampleNumber);
+            offset += 4;
+        }
         newParts.push(createBox('stss', stssData));
     }
 
@@ -154,169 +625,141 @@ function rebuildMinf(minfBox, trackInfo) {
     return createBox('minf', ...newParts);
 }
 
-function rebuildMdia(mdiaBox, trackInfo, maxDuration) {
+function rebuildMdia(mdiaBox, trackInfo) {
     const mdiaChildren = parseChildBoxes(mdiaBox);
     const newParts = [];
     for (const child of mdiaChildren) {
         if (child.type === 'minf') newParts.push(rebuildMinf(child, trackInfo));
-        else if (child.type === 'mdhd') newParts.push(rebuildMdhd(child, trackInfo, maxDuration));
+        else if (child.type === 'mdhd') newParts.push(rebuildMdhd(child, trackInfo));
         else newParts.push(child.data);
     }
     return createBox('mdia', ...newParts);
 }
 
-function rebuildTrak(trakBox, trackIdMap, maxDuration) {
+function rebuildTrak(trakBox, trackInfoMap, maxMovieDuration) {
     const trakChildren = parseChildBoxes(trakBox);
-    let trackId = 1;
+    let trackId = null;
     for (const child of trakChildren) {
-        if (child.type === 'tkhd') {
-            const view = new DataView(child.data.buffer, child.data.byteOffset, child.data.byteLength);
-            trackId = child.data[8] === 0 ? view.getUint32(20) : view.getUint32(28);
-        }
+        if (child.type !== 'tkhd') continue;
+        const view = new DataView(child.data.buffer, child.data.byteOffset, child.data.byteLength);
+        trackId = child.data[8] === 0 ? view.getUint32(20) : view.getUint32(28);
     }
-    const trackInfo = trackIdMap.get(trackId);
+    if (trackId === null) return null;
+
+    const trackInfo = trackInfoMap.get(trackId);
+    if (!trackInfo || !trackInfo.samples.length) return null;
+
     const newParts = [];
-    let hasEdts = false;
     for (const child of trakChildren) {
-        if (child.type === 'edts') { hasEdts = true; newParts.push(child.data); }
-        else if (child.type === 'mdia') newParts.push(rebuildMdia(child, trackInfo, maxDuration));
-        else if (child.type === 'tkhd') newParts.push(rebuildTkhd(child, trackInfo, maxDuration));
+        if (child.type === 'edts') continue;
+        if (child.type === 'mdia') newParts.push(rebuildMdia(child, trackInfo));
+        else if (child.type === 'tkhd') newParts.push(rebuildTkhd(child, trackInfo, maxMovieDuration));
         else newParts.push(child.data);
     }
-    if (!hasEdts && trackInfo) {
-        let trackDuration = 0;
-        for (const s of trackInfo.samples) trackDuration += s.duration || 0;
-        const elstData = new Uint8Array(20);
-        const elstView = new DataView(elstData.buffer);
-        elstView.setUint32(4, 1); elstView.setUint32(8, maxDuration); elstView.setInt32(12, 0); elstView.setInt16(16, 1);
-        const elst = createBox('elst', elstData);
-        const edts = createBox('edts', elst);
-        const tkhdIndex = newParts.findIndex(p => p.length >= 8 && String.fromCharCode(p[4], p[5], p[6], p[7]) === 'tkhd');
-        if (tkhdIndex >= 0) newParts.splice(tkhdIndex + 1, 0, edts);
-    }
+
+    const elstPayload = new Uint8Array(16);
+    const elstView = new DataView(elstPayload.buffer);
+    elstView.setUint32(0, 1);
+    elstView.setUint32(4, trackInfo.movieDuration ?? maxMovieDuration);
+    elstView.setInt32(8, Math.max(0, Math.round(trackInfo.mediaTime || 0)));
+    elstView.setUint16(12, 1);
+    elstView.setUint16(14, 0);
+    const elst = createFullBox('elst', 0, 0, elstPayload);
+    const edts = createBox('edts', elst);
+
+    const tkhdIndex = newParts.findIndex((part) =>
+        part.length >= 8 && String.fromCharCode(part[4], part[5], part[6], part[7]) === 'tkhd',
+    );
+    if (tkhdIndex >= 0) newParts.splice(tkhdIndex + 1, 0, edts);
+    else newParts.unshift(edts);
+
     return createBox('trak', ...newParts);
 }
 
 function updateStcoOffsets(output, ftypSize, moovSize) {
     const mdatContentOffset = ftypSize + moovSize + 8;
     const view = new DataView(output.buffer, output.byteOffset, output.byteLength);
+
     function scan(start, end) {
-        let pos = start;
-        while (pos + 8 <= end) {
-            const size = view.getUint32(pos);
+        let position = start;
+        while (position + 8 <= end) {
+            const size = view.getUint32(position);
             if (size < 8) break;
-            const type = String.fromCharCode(output[pos + 4], output[pos + 5], output[pos + 6], output[pos + 7]);
+            const type = String.fromCharCode(
+                output[position + 4],
+                output[position + 5],
+                output[position + 6],
+                output[position + 7],
+            );
+
             if (type === 'stco') {
-                const entryCount = view.getUint32(pos + 12);
+                const entryCount = view.getUint32(position + 12);
                 for (let i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
-                    const entryPos = pos + 16 + i * 4;
-                    view.setUint32(entryPos, mdatContentOffset + view.getUint32(entryPos));
+                    const entryPos = position + 16 + i * 4;
+                    const relativeOffset = view.getUint32(entryPos);
+                    view.setUint32(entryPos, mdatContentOffset + relativeOffset);
                 }
-            } else if (['moov', 'trak', 'mdia', 'minf', 'stbl'].includes(type)) scan(pos + 8, pos + size);
-            pos += size;
+            } else if (['moov', 'trak', 'mdia', 'minf', 'stbl'].includes(type)) {
+                scan(position + 8, position + size);
+            }
+
+            position += size;
         }
     }
+
     scan(0, output.byteLength);
 }
 
-// ============================================
-// Main Converter Function
-// ============================================
-
 /**
  * Convert fragmented MP4 to standard MP4
  * @param {Uint8Array} fmp4Data - fMP4 data
+ * @param {object} [options] - Optional clip settings
+ * @param {number} [options.startTime] - Clip start time (seconds)
+ * @param {number} [options.endTime] - Clip end time (seconds)
  * @returns {Uint8Array} Standard MP4 data
  */
-export function convertFmp4ToMp4(fmp4Data) {
+export function convertFmp4ToMp4(fmp4Data, options = {}) {
     const boxes = parseBoxes(fmp4Data);
     const ftyp = findBox(boxes, 'ftyp');
     const moov = findBox(boxes, 'moov');
     if (!ftyp || !moov) throw new Error('Invalid fMP4: missing ftyp or moov');
 
-    const moovChildren = parseChildBoxes(moov);
-    const originalTrackIds = [];
-    for (const child of moovChildren) {
-        if (child.type === 'trak') {
-            const trakChildren = parseChildBoxes(child);
-            for (const tc of trakChildren) {
-                if (tc.type === 'tkhd') {
-                    const view = new DataView(tc.data.buffer, tc.data.byteOffset, tc.data.byteLength);
-                    originalTrackIds.push(tc.data[8] === 0 ? view.getUint32(20) : view.getUint32(28));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    const movieTimescale = getMovieTimescale(moov);
+    const { trackMetadata, trackOrder } = extractTrackMetadata(moov);
+    const trexDefaults = extractTrexDefaults(moov);
+    const { tracks, combinedMdat } = collectTrackSamples(boxes, trackMetadata, trexDefaults);
 
-    const tracks = new Map();
-    const mdatChunks = [];
-    let combinedMdatOffset = 0;
+    if (tracks.size === 0) throw new Error('Invalid fMP4: no track fragments found');
 
-    for (let i = 0; i < boxes.length; i++) {
-        const box = boxes[i];
-        if (box.type === 'moof') {
-            const moofChildren = parseChildBoxes(box);
-            const moofStart = box.offset;
-            let nextMdatOffset = 0;
-            for (let j = i + 1; j < boxes.length; j++) {
-                if (boxes[j].type === 'mdat') { nextMdatOffset = boxes[j].offset; break; }
-                if (boxes[j].type === 'moof') break;
-            }
-            for (const child of moofChildren) {
-                if (child.type === 'traf') {
-                    const trafChildren = parseChildBoxes(child);
-                    const tfhd = findBox(trafChildren, 'tfhd');
-                    const trun = findBox(trafChildren, 'trun');
-                    if (tfhd && trun) {
-                        const tfhdInfo = parseTfhd(tfhd.data);
-                        const { samples, dataOffset } = parseTrun(trun.data, tfhdInfo);
-                        if (!tracks.has(tfhdInfo.trackId)) tracks.set(tfhdInfo.trackId, { samples: [], chunkOffsets: [] });
-                        const track = tracks.get(tfhdInfo.trackId);
-                        const chunkOffset = combinedMdatOffset + (moofStart + dataOffset) - (nextMdatOffset + 8);
-                        track.chunkOffsets.push({ offset: chunkOffset, sampleCount: samples.length });
-                        track.samples.push(...samples);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (box.type === 'mdat') {
-            mdatChunks.push({ data: box.data.subarray(8), offset: combinedMdatOffset });
-            combinedMdatOffset += box.data.subarray(8).byteLength;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const totalMdatSize = mdatChunks.reduce((sum, c) => sum + c.data.byteLength, 0);
-    const combinedMdat = new Uint8Array(totalMdatSize);
-    for (const chunk of mdatChunks) combinedMdat.set(chunk.data, chunk.offset);
-
-    const trackIdMap = new Map();
-    const fmp4TrackIds = Array.from(tracks.keys()).sort((a, b) => a - b);
-    for (let i = 0; i < fmp4TrackIds.length && i < originalTrackIds.length; i++) {
-        trackIdMap.set(originalTrackIds[i], tracks.get(fmp4TrackIds[i]));
+    const clippedTracks = applyClipToTracks(tracks, options);
+    if (clippedTracks.size === 0) {
+        throw new Error('Clip range produced no samples');
     }
 
-    let maxDuration = 0;
-    for (const [, track] of tracks) {
-        let dur = 0;
-        for (const s of track.samples) dur += s.duration || 0;
-        maxDuration = Math.max(maxDuration, dur);
-    }
+    const rebuiltMdat = rebuildMdatContent(clippedTracks, trackOrder, combinedMdat);
+    const maxMovieDuration = calculateMovieDuration(clippedTracks, movieTimescale);
 
+    const moovChildren = parseChildBoxes(moov);
     const newMoovParts = [];
     for (const child of moovChildren) {
         if (child.type === 'mvex') continue;
-        if (child.type === 'trak') newMoovParts.push(rebuildTrak(child, trackIdMap, maxDuration));
-        else if (child.type === 'mvhd') newMoovParts.push(rebuildMvhd(child, maxDuration));
-        else newMoovParts.push(child.data);
+        if (child.type === 'trak') {
+            const trak = rebuildTrak(child, clippedTracks, maxMovieDuration);
+            if (trak) newMoovParts.push(trak);
+        } else if (child.type === 'mvhd') {
+            newMoovParts.push(rebuildMvhd(child, maxMovieDuration));
+        } else {
+            newMoovParts.push(child.data);
+        }
     }
 
     const newMoov = createBox('moov', ...newMoovParts);
-    const newMdat = createBox('mdat', combinedMdat);
+    const newMdat = createBox('mdat', rebuiltMdat);
     const output = new Uint8Array(ftyp.size + newMoov.byteLength + newMdat.byteLength);
     output.set(ftyp.data, 0);
     output.set(newMoov, ftyp.size);
     output.set(newMdat, ftyp.size + newMoov.byteLength);
     updateStcoOffsets(output, ftyp.size, newMoov.byteLength);
-
     return output;
 }