@intlify/message-compiler 11.1.2 → 12.0.0-alpha.1

package/dist/{message-compiler.node.mjs → message-compiler.node.js}

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 /*!
-  * message-compiler v11.1.2
-  * (c) 2025 kazuya kawaguchi
+  * message-compiler v12.0.0-alpha.1
+  * (c) 2016-present kazuya kawaguchi and contributors
   * Released under the MIT License.
   */
-import { format, assign, join, isString } from '@intlify/shared';
+import { format, isString, join, assign } from '@intlify/shared';
 import { SourceMapGenerator } from 'source-map-js';
 
 const LOCATION_STUB = {
@@ -88,171 +88,536 @@ function defaultOnError(error) {
     throw error;
 }
 
-// eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
-const RE_HTML_TAG = /<\/?[\w\s="/.':;#-\/]+>/;
-const detectHtmlTag = (source) => RE_HTML_TAG.test(source);
-
-const CHAR_SP = ' ';
-const CHAR_CR = '\r';
-const CHAR_LF = '\n';
-const CHAR_LS = String.fromCharCode(0x2028);
-const CHAR_PS = String.fromCharCode(0x2029);
-function createScanner(str) {
-    const _buf = str;
-    let _index = 0;
-    let _line = 1;
-    let _column = 1;
-    let _peekOffset = 0;
-    const isCRLF = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_CR && _buf[index + 1] === CHAR_LF;
-    const isLF = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_LF;
-    const isPS = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_PS;
-    const isLS = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_LS;
-    const isLineEnd = (index) => isCRLF(index) || isLF(index) || isPS(index) || isLS(index);
-    const index = () => _index;
-    const line = () => _line;
-    const column = () => _column;
-    const peekOffset = () => _peekOffset;
-    const charAt = (offset) => isCRLF(offset) || isPS(offset) || isLS(offset) ? CHAR_LF : _buf[offset];
-    const currentChar = () => charAt(_index);
-    const currentPeek = () => charAt(_index + _peekOffset);
-    function next() {
-        _peekOffset = 0;
-        if (isLineEnd(_index)) {
-            _line++;
-            _column = 0;
-        }
-        if (isCRLF(_index)) {
-            _index++;
-        }
-        _index++;
-        _column++;
-        return _buf[_index];
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/triple-slash-reference
+/// <reference types="source-map-js" />
+const ERROR_DOMAIN$3 = 'parser';
+function createCodeGenerator(ast, options) {
+    const { sourceMap, filename, breakLineCode, needIndent: _needIndent } = options;
+    const location = options.location !== false;
+    const _context = {
+        filename,
+        code: '',
+        column: 1,
+        line: 1,
+        offset: 0,
+        map: undefined,
+        breakLineCode,
+        needIndent: _needIndent,
+        indentLevel: 0
+    };
+    if (location && ast.loc) {
+        _context.source = ast.loc.source;
     }
-    function peek() {
-        if (isCRLF(_index + _peekOffset)) {
-            _peekOffset++;
+    const context = () => _context;
+    function push(code, node) {
+        _context.code += code;
+        if (_context.map) {
+            if (node && node.loc && node.loc !== LOCATION_STUB) {
+                addMapping(node.loc.start, getMappingName(node));
+            }
+            advancePositionWithSource(_context, code);
         }
-        _peekOffset++;
-        return _buf[_index + _peekOffset];
     }
-    function reset() {
-        _index = 0;
-        _line = 1;
-        _column = 1;
-        _peekOffset = 0;
+    function _newline(n, withBreakLine = true) {
+        const _breakLineCode = withBreakLine ? breakLineCode : '';
+        push(_needIndent ? _breakLineCode + `  `.repeat(n) : _breakLineCode);
     }
-    function resetPeek(offset = 0) {
-        _peekOffset = offset;
+    function indent(withNewLine = true) {
+        const level = ++_context.indentLevel;
+        withNewLine && _newline(level);
     }
-    function skipToPeek() {
-        const target = _index + _peekOffset;
-        while (target !== _index) {
-            next();
-        }
-        _peekOffset = 0;
+    function deindent(withNewLine = true) {
+        const level = --_context.indentLevel;
+        withNewLine && _newline(level);
+    }
+    function newline() {
+        _newline(_context.indentLevel);
+    }
+    const helper = (key) => `_${key}`;
+    const needIndent = () => _context.needIndent;
+    function addMapping(loc, name) {
+        _context.map.addMapping({
+            name,
+            source: _context.filename,
+            original: {
+                line: loc.line,
+                column: loc.column - 1
+            },
+            generated: {
+                line: _context.line,
+                column: _context.column - 1
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    if (location && sourceMap) {
+        _context.map = new SourceMapGenerator();
+        _context.map.setSourceContent(filename, _context.source);
     }
     return {
-        index,
-        line,
-        column,
-        peekOffset,
-        charAt,
-        currentChar,
-        currentPeek,
-        next,
-        peek,
-        reset,
-        resetPeek,
-        skipToPeek
+        context,
+        push,
+        indent,
+        deindent,
+        newline,
+        helper,
+        needIndent
     };
 }
-
-const EOF = undefined;
-const DOT = '.';
-const LITERAL_DELIMITER = "'";
-const ERROR_DOMAIN$3 = 'tokenizer';
-function createTokenizer(source, options = {}) {
-    const location = options.location !== false;
-    const _scnr = createScanner(source);
-    const currentOffset = () => _scnr.index();
-    const currentPosition = () => createPosition(_scnr.line(), _scnr.column(), _scnr.index());
-    const _initLoc = currentPosition();
-    const _initOffset = currentOffset();
-    const _context = {
-        currentType: 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */,
-        offset: _initOffset,
-        startLoc: _initLoc,
-        endLoc: _initLoc,
-        lastType: 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */,
-        lastOffset: _initOffset,
-        lastStartLoc: _initLoc,
-        lastEndLoc: _initLoc,
-        braceNest: 0,
-        inLinked: false,
-        text: ''
-    };
-    const context = () => _context;
-    const { onError } = options;
-    function emitError(code, pos, offset, ...args) {
-        const ctx = context();
-        pos.column += offset;
-        pos.offset += offset;
-        if (onError) {
-            const loc = location ? createLocation(ctx.startLoc, pos) : null;
-            const err = createCompileError(code, loc, {
-                domain: ERROR_DOMAIN$3,
-                args
-            });
-            onError(err);
-        }
+function generateLinkedNode(generator, node) {
+    const { helper } = generator;
+    generator.push(`${helper("linked" /* HelperNameMap.LINKED */)}(`);
+    generateNode(generator, node.key);
+    if (node.modifier) {
+        generator.push(`, `);
+        generateNode(generator, node.modifier);
+        generator.push(`, _type`);
     }
-    function getToken(context, type, value) {
-        context.endLoc = currentPosition();
-        context.currentType = type;
-        const token = { type };
-        if (location) {
-            token.loc = createLocation(context.startLoc, context.endLoc);
-        }
-        if (value != null) {
-            token.value = value;
-        }
-        return token;
+    else {
+        generator.push(`, undefined, _type`);
     }
-    const getEndToken = (context) => getToken(context, 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */);
-    function eat(scnr, ch) {
-        if (scnr.currentChar() === ch) {
-            scnr.next();
-            return ch;
-        }
-        else {
-            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.EXPECTED_TOKEN, currentPosition(), 0, ch);
-            return '';
+    generator.push(`)`);
+}
+function generateMessageNode(generator, node) {
+    const { helper, needIndent } = generator;
+    generator.push(`${helper("normalize" /* HelperNameMap.NORMALIZE */)}([`);
+    generator.indent(needIndent());
+    const length = node.items.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        generateNode(generator, node.items[i]);
+        if (i === length - 1) {
+            break;
         }
+        generator.push(', ');
     }
-    function peekSpaces(scnr) {
-        let buf = '';
-        while (scnr.currentPeek() === CHAR_SP || scnr.currentPeek() === CHAR_LF) {
-            buf += scnr.currentPeek();
-            scnr.peek();
+    generator.deindent(needIndent());
+    generator.push('])');
+}
+function generatePluralNode(generator, node) {
+    const { helper, needIndent } = generator;
+    if (node.cases.length > 1) {
+        generator.push(`${helper("plural" /* HelperNameMap.PLURAL */)}([`);
+        generator.indent(needIndent());
+        const length = node.cases.length;
+        for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            generateNode(generator, node.cases[i]);
+            if (i === length - 1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            generator.push(', ');
         }
-        return buf;
+        generator.deindent(needIndent());
+        generator.push(`])`);
     }
-    function skipSpaces(scnr) {
-        const buf = peekSpaces(scnr);
-        scnr.skipToPeek();
-        return buf;
+}
+function generateResource(generator, node) {
+    if (node.body) {
+        generateNode(generator, node.body);
     }
-    function isIdentifierStart(ch) {
-        if (ch === EOF) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        const cc = ch.charCodeAt(0);
-        return ((cc >= 97 && cc <= 122) || // a-z
-            (cc >= 65 && cc <= 90) || // A-Z
-            cc === 95 // _
-        );
+    else {
+        generator.push('null');
     }
-    function isNumberStart(ch) {
+}
+function generateNode(generator, node) {
+    const { helper } = generator;
+    switch (node.type) {
+        case 0 /* NodeTypes.Resource */:
+            generateResource(generator, node);
+            break;
+        case 1 /* NodeTypes.Plural */:
+            generatePluralNode(generator, node);
+            break;
+        case 2 /* NodeTypes.Message */:
+            generateMessageNode(generator, node);
+            break;
+        case 6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */:
+            generateLinkedNode(generator, node);
+            break;
+        case 8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */:
+            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
+            break;
+        case 7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */:
+            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
+            break;
+        case 5 /* NodeTypes.List */:
+            generator.push(`${helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */)}(${helper("list" /* HelperNameMap.LIST */)}(${node.index}))`, node);
+            break;
+        case 4 /* NodeTypes.Named */:
+            generator.push(`${helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */)}(${helper("named" /* HelperNameMap.NAMED */)}(${JSON.stringify(node.key)}))`, node);
+            break;
+        case 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */:
+            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
+            break;
+        case 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */:
+            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
+            break;
+        default:
+            if ((process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production')) {
+                throw createCompileError(CompileErrorCodes.UNHANDLED_CODEGEN_NODE_TYPE, null, {
+                    domain: ERROR_DOMAIN$3,
+                    args: [node.type]
+                });
+            }
+    }
+}
+// generate code from AST
+const generate = (ast, options = {}) => {
+    const mode = isString(options.mode) ? options.mode : 'normal';
+    const filename = isString(options.filename)
+        ? options.filename
+        : 'message.intl';
+    const sourceMap = !!options.sourceMap;
+    // prettier-ignore
+    const breakLineCode = options.breakLineCode != null
+        ? options.breakLineCode
+        : mode === 'arrow'
+            ? ';'
+            : '\n';
+    const needIndent = options.needIndent ? options.needIndent : mode !== 'arrow';
+    const helpers = ast.helpers || [];
+    const generator = createCodeGenerator(ast, {
+        mode,
+        filename,
+        sourceMap,
+        breakLineCode,
+        needIndent
+    });
+    generator.push(mode === 'normal' ? `function __msg__ (ctx) {` : `(ctx) => {`);
+    generator.indent(needIndent);
+    if (helpers.length > 0) {
+        generator.push(`const { ${join(helpers.map(s => `${s}: _${s}`), ', ')} } = ctx`);
+        generator.newline();
+    }
+    generator.push(`return `);
+    generateNode(generator, ast);
+    generator.deindent(needIndent);
+    generator.push(`}`);
+    delete ast.helpers;
+    const { code, map } = generator.context();
+    return {
+        ast,
+        code,
+        map: map ? map.toJSON() : undefined // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    };
+};
+function getMappingName(node) {
+    switch (node.type) {
+        case 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */:
+        case 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */:
+        case 8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */:
+        case 7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */:
+            return node.value;
+        case 5 /* NodeTypes.List */:
+            return node.index.toString();
+        case 4 /* NodeTypes.Named */:
+            return node.key;
+        default:
+            return undefined;
+    }
+}
+function advancePositionWithSource(pos, source, numberOfCharacters = source.length) {
+    let linesCount = 0;
+    let lastNewLinePos = -1;
+    for (let i = 0; i < numberOfCharacters; i++) {
+        if (source.charCodeAt(i) === 10 /* newline char code */) {
+            linesCount++;
+            lastNewLinePos = i;
+        }
+    }
+    pos.offset += numberOfCharacters;
+    pos.line += linesCount;
+    pos.column =
+        lastNewLinePos === -1
+            ? pos.column + numberOfCharacters
+            : numberOfCharacters - lastNewLinePos;
+    return pos;
+}
+
+const ERROR_DOMAIN$2 = 'minifier';
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+function mangle(node) {
+    node.t = node.type;
+    switch (node.type) {
+        case 0 /* NodeTypes.Resource */: {
+            const resource = node;
+            mangle(resource.body);
+            resource.b = resource.body;
+            delete resource.body;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 1 /* NodeTypes.Plural */: {
+            const plural = node;
+            const cases = plural.cases;
+            for (let i = 0; i < cases.length; i++) {
+                mangle(cases[i]);
+            }
+            plural.c = cases;
+            delete plural.cases;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 2 /* NodeTypes.Message */: {
+            const message = node;
+            const items = message.items;
+            for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+                mangle(items[i]);
+            }
+            message.i = items;
+            delete message.items;
+            if (message.static) {
+                message.s = message.static;
+                delete message.static;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */:
+        case 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */:
+        case 8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */:
+        case 7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */: {
+            const valueNode = node;
+            if (valueNode.value) {
+                valueNode.v = valueNode.value;
+                delete valueNode.value;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */: {
+            const linked = node;
+            mangle(linked.key);
+            linked.k = linked.key;
+            delete linked.key;
+            if (linked.modifier) {
+                mangle(linked.modifier);
+                linked.m = linked.modifier;
+                delete linked.modifier;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 5 /* NodeTypes.List */: {
+            const list = node;
+            list.i = list.index;
+            delete list.index;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 4 /* NodeTypes.Named */: {
+            const named = node;
+            named.k = named.key;
+            delete named.key;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            if ((process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production')) {
+                throw createCompileError(CompileErrorCodes.UNHANDLED_MINIFIER_NODE_TYPE, null, {
+                    domain: ERROR_DOMAIN$2,
+                    args: [node.type]
+                });
+            }
+    }
+    delete node.type;
+}
+/* eslint-enable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+function optimize(ast) {
+    const body = ast.body;
+    if (body.type === 2 /* NodeTypes.Message */) {
+        optimizeMessageNode(body);
+    }
+    else {
+        body.cases.forEach(c => optimizeMessageNode(c));
+    }
+    return ast;
+}
+function optimizeMessageNode(message) {
+    if (message.items.length === 1) {
+        const item = message.items[0];
+        if (item.type === 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */ || item.type === 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */) {
+            message.static = item.value;
+            delete item.value; // optimization for size
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        const values = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < message.items.length; i++) {
+            const item = message.items[i];
+            if (!(item.type === 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */ || item.type === 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (item.value == null) {
+                break;
+            }
+            values.push(item.value);
+        }
+        if (values.length === message.items.length) {
+            message.static = join(values);
+            for (let i = 0; i < message.items.length; i++) {
+                const item = message.items[i];
+                if (item.type === 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */ || item.type === 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */) {
+                    delete item.value; // optimization for size
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const CHAR_SP = ' ';
+const CHAR_CR = '\r';
+const CHAR_LF = '\n';
+const CHAR_LS = String.fromCharCode(0x2028);
+const CHAR_PS = String.fromCharCode(0x2029);
+function createScanner(str) {
+    const _buf = str;
+    let _index = 0;
+    let _line = 1;
+    let _column = 1;
+    let _peekOffset = 0;
+    const isCRLF = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_CR && _buf[index + 1] === CHAR_LF;
+    const isLF = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_LF;
+    const isPS = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_PS;
+    const isLS = (index) => _buf[index] === CHAR_LS;
+    const isLineEnd = (index) => isCRLF(index) || isLF(index) || isPS(index) || isLS(index);
+    const index = () => _index;
+    const line = () => _line;
+    const column = () => _column;
+    const peekOffset = () => _peekOffset;
+    const charAt = (offset) => isCRLF(offset) || isPS(offset) || isLS(offset) ? CHAR_LF : _buf[offset];
+    const currentChar = () => charAt(_index);
+    const currentPeek = () => charAt(_index + _peekOffset);
+    function next() {
+        _peekOffset = 0;
+        if (isLineEnd(_index)) {
+            _line++;
+            _column = 0;
+        }
+        if (isCRLF(_index)) {
+            _index++;
+        }
+        _index++;
+        _column++;
+        return _buf[_index];
+    }
+    function peek() {
+        if (isCRLF(_index + _peekOffset)) {
+            _peekOffset++;
+        }
+        _peekOffset++;
+        return _buf[_index + _peekOffset];
+    }
+    function reset() {
+        _index = 0;
+        _line = 1;
+        _column = 1;
+        _peekOffset = 0;
+    }
+    function resetPeek(offset = 0) {
+        _peekOffset = offset;
+    }
+    function skipToPeek() {
+        const target = _index + _peekOffset;
+        while (target !== _index) {
+            next();
+        }
+        _peekOffset = 0;
+    }
+    return {
+        index,
+        line,
+        column,
+        peekOffset,
+        charAt,
+        currentChar,
+        currentPeek,
+        next,
+        peek,
+        reset,
+        resetPeek,
+        skipToPeek
+    };
+}
+
+const EOF = undefined;
+const DOT = '.';
+const LITERAL_DELIMITER = "'";
+const ERROR_DOMAIN$1 = 'tokenizer';
+function createTokenizer(source, options = {}) {
+    const location = options.location !== false;
+    const _scnr = createScanner(source);
+    const currentOffset = () => _scnr.index();
+    const currentPosition = () => createPosition(_scnr.line(), _scnr.column(), _scnr.index());
+    const _initLoc = currentPosition();
+    const _initOffset = currentOffset();
+    const _context = {
+        currentType: 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */,
+        offset: _initOffset,
+        startLoc: _initLoc,
+        endLoc: _initLoc,
+        lastType: 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */,
+        lastOffset: _initOffset,
+        lastStartLoc: _initLoc,
+        lastEndLoc: _initLoc,
+        braceNest: 0,
+        inLinked: false,
+        text: ''
+    };
+    const context = () => _context;
+    const { onError } = options;
+    function emitError(code, pos, offset, ...args) {
+        const ctx = context();
+        pos.column += offset;
+        pos.offset += offset;
+        if (onError) {
+            const loc = location ? createLocation(ctx.startLoc, pos) : null;
+            const err = createCompileError(code, loc, {
+                domain: ERROR_DOMAIN$1,
+                args
+            });
+            onError(err);
+        }
+    }
+    function getToken(context, type, value) {
+        context.endLoc = currentPosition();
+        context.currentType = type;
+        const token = { type };
+        if (location) {
+            token.loc = createLocation(context.startLoc, context.endLoc);
+        }
+        if (value != null) {
+            token.value = value;
+        }
+        return token;
+    }
+    const getEndToken = (context) => getToken(context, 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */);
+    function eat(scnr, ch) {
+        if (scnr.currentChar() === ch) {
+            scnr.next();
+            return ch;
+        }
+        else {
+            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.EXPECTED_TOKEN, currentPosition(), 0, ch);
+            return '';
+        }
+    }
+    function peekSpaces(scnr) {
+        let buf = '';
+        while (scnr.currentPeek() === CHAR_SP || scnr.currentPeek() === CHAR_LF) {
+            buf += scnr.currentPeek();
+            scnr.peek();
+        }
+        return buf;
+    }
+    function skipSpaces(scnr) {
+        const buf = peekSpaces(scnr);
+        scnr.skipToPeek();
+        return buf;
+    }
+    function isIdentifierStart(ch) {
+        if (ch === EOF) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const cc = ch.charCodeAt(0);
+        return ((cc >= 97 && cc <= 122) || // a-z
+            (cc >= 65 && cc <= 90) || // A-Z
+            cc === 95 // _
+        );
+    }
+    function isNumberStart(ch) {
         if (ch === EOF) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -422,1140 +787,773 @@ function createTokenizer(source, options = {}) {
     function takeNamedIdentifierChar(scnr) {
         return takeChar(scnr, isNamedIdentifier);
     }
-    function isDigit(ch) {
-        const cc = ch.charCodeAt(0);
-        return cc >= 48 && cc <= 57; // 0-9
-    }
-    function takeDigit(scnr) {
-        return takeChar(scnr, isDigit);
-    }
-    function isHexDigit(ch) {
-        const cc = ch.charCodeAt(0);
-        return ((cc >= 48 && cc <= 57) || // 0-9
-            (cc >= 65 && cc <= 70) || // A-F
-            (cc >= 97 && cc <= 102)); // a-f
-    }
-    function takeHexDigit(scnr) {
-        return takeChar(scnr, isHexDigit);
-    }
-    function getDigits(scnr) {
-        let ch = '';
-        let num = '';
-        while ((ch = takeDigit(scnr))) {
-            num += ch;
-        }
-        return num;
-    }
-    function readText(scnr) {
-        let buf = '';
-        while (true) {
-            const ch = scnr.currentChar();
-            if (ch === "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */ ||
-                ch === "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */ ||
-                ch === "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */ ||
-                ch === "|" /* TokenChars.Pipe */ ||
-                !ch) {
-                break;
-            }
-            else if (ch === CHAR_SP || ch === CHAR_LF) {
-                if (isTextStart(scnr)) {
-                    buf += ch;
-                    scnr.next();
-                }
-                else if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                else {
-                    buf += ch;
-                    scnr.next();
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                buf += ch;
-                scnr.next();
-            }
-        }
-        return buf;
-    }
-    function readNamedIdentifier(scnr) {
-        skipSpaces(scnr);
-        let ch = '';
-        let name = '';
-        while ((ch = takeNamedIdentifierChar(scnr))) {
-            name += ch;
-        }
-        if (scnr.currentChar() === EOF) {
-            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
-        }
-        return name;
-    }
-    function readListIdentifier(scnr) {
-        skipSpaces(scnr);
-        let value = '';
-        if (scnr.currentChar() === '-') {
-            scnr.next();
-            value += `-${getDigits(scnr)}`;
-        }
-        else {
-            value += getDigits(scnr);
-        }
-        if (scnr.currentChar() === EOF) {
-            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
-        }
-        return value;
-    }
-    function isLiteral(ch) {
-        return ch !== LITERAL_DELIMITER && ch !== CHAR_LF;
-    }
-    function readLiteral(scnr) {
-        skipSpaces(scnr);
-        // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
-        eat(scnr, `\'`);
-        let ch = '';
-        let literal = '';
-        while ((ch = takeChar(scnr, isLiteral))) {
-            if (ch === '\\') {
-                literal += readEscapeSequence(scnr);
-            }
-            else {
-                literal += ch;
-            }
-        }
-        const current = scnr.currentChar();
-        if (current === CHAR_LF || current === EOF) {
-            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_SINGLE_QUOTE_IN_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0);
-            // TODO: Is it correct really?
-            if (current === CHAR_LF) {
-                scnr.next();
-                // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
-                eat(scnr, `\'`);
-            }
-            return literal;
-        }
-        // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
-        eat(scnr, `\'`);
-        return literal;
-    }
-    function readEscapeSequence(scnr) {
-        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
-        switch (ch) {
-            case '\\':
-            case `\'`: // eslint-disable-line no-useless-escape
-                scnr.next();
-                return `\\${ch}`;
-            case 'u':
-                return readUnicodeEscapeSequence(scnr, ch, 4);
-            case 'U':
-                return readUnicodeEscapeSequence(scnr, ch, 6);
-            default:
-                emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNKNOWN_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE, currentPosition(), 0, ch);
-                return '';
-        }
-    }
-    function readUnicodeEscapeSequence(scnr, unicode, digits) {
-        eat(scnr, unicode);
-        let sequence = '';
-        for (let i = 0; i < digits; i++) {
-            const ch = takeHexDigit(scnr);
-            if (!ch) {
-                emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_UNICODE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE, currentPosition(), 0, `\\${unicode}${sequence}${scnr.currentChar()}`);
-                break;
-            }
-            sequence += ch;
-        }
-        return `\\${unicode}${sequence}`;
-    }
-    function isInvalidIdentifier(ch) {
-        return (ch !== "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */ &&
-            ch !== "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */ &&
-            ch !== CHAR_SP &&
-            ch !== CHAR_LF);
+    function isDigit(ch) {
+        const cc = ch.charCodeAt(0);
+        return cc >= 48 && cc <= 57; // 0-9
     }
-    function readInvalidIdentifier(scnr) {
-        skipSpaces(scnr);
-        let ch = '';
-        let identifiers = '';
-        while ((ch = takeChar(scnr, isInvalidIdentifier))) {
-            identifiers += ch;
-        }
-        return identifiers;
+    function takeDigit(scnr) {
+        return takeChar(scnr, isDigit);
     }
-    function readLinkedModifier(scnr) {
+    function isHexDigit(ch) {
+        const cc = ch.charCodeAt(0);
+        return ((cc >= 48 && cc <= 57) || // 0-9
+            (cc >= 65 && cc <= 70) || // A-F
+            (cc >= 97 && cc <= 102)); // a-f
+    }
+    function takeHexDigit(scnr) {
+        return takeChar(scnr, isHexDigit);
+    }
+    function getDigits(scnr) {
         let ch = '';
-        let name = '';
-        while ((ch = takeIdentifierChar(scnr))) {
-            name += ch;
+        let num = '';
+        while ((ch = takeDigit(scnr))) {
+            num += ch;
         }
-        return name;
+        return num;
     }
-    function readLinkedRefer(scnr) {
-        const fn = (buf) => {
+    function readText(scnr) {
+        let buf = '';
+        while (true) {
             const ch = scnr.currentChar();
             if (ch === "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */ ||
+                ch === "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */ ||
                 ch === "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */ ||
                 ch === "|" /* TokenChars.Pipe */ ||
-                ch === "(" /* TokenChars.ParenLeft */ ||
-                ch === ")" /* TokenChars.ParenRight */ ||
                 !ch) {
-                return buf;
-            }
-            else if (ch === CHAR_SP) {
-                return buf;
-            }
-            else if (ch === CHAR_LF || ch === DOT) {
-                buf += ch;
-                scnr.next();
-                return fn(buf);
-            }
-            else {
-                buf += ch;
-                scnr.next();
-                return fn(buf);
+                break;
             }
-        };
-        return fn('');
-    }
-    function readPlural(scnr) {
-        skipSpaces(scnr);
-        const plural = eat(scnr, "|" /* TokenChars.Pipe */);
-        skipSpaces(scnr);
-        return plural;
-    }
-    // TODO: We need refactoring of token parsing ...
-    function readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) {
-        let token = null;
-        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
-        switch (ch) {
-            case "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */:
-                if (context.braceNest >= 1) {
-                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.NOT_ALLOW_NEST_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0);
-                }
-                scnr.next();
-                token = getToken(context, 2 /* TokenTypes.BraceLeft */, "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */);
-                skipSpaces(scnr);
-                context.braceNest++;
-                return token;
-            case "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */:
-                if (context.braceNest > 0 &&
-                    context.currentType === 2 /* TokenTypes.BraceLeft */) {
-                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.EMPTY_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0);
-                }
-                scnr.next();
-                token = getToken(context, 3 /* TokenTypes.BraceRight */, "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */);
-                context.braceNest--;
-                context.braceNest > 0 && skipSpaces(scnr);
-                if (context.inLinked && context.braceNest === 0) {
-                    context.inLinked = false;
-                }
-                return token;
-            case "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */:
-                if (context.braceNest > 0) {
-                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
-                }
-                token = readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
-                context.braceNest = 0;
-                return token;
-            default: {
-                let validNamedIdentifier = true;
-                let validListIdentifier = true;
-                let validLiteral = true;
-                if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
-                    if (context.braceNest > 0) {
-                        emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
-                    }
-                    token = getToken(context, 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */, readPlural(scnr));
-                    // reset
-                    context.braceNest = 0;
-                    context.inLinked = false;
-                    return token;
-                }
-                if (context.braceNest > 0 &&
-                    (context.currentType === 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */ ||
-                        context.currentType === 5 /* TokenTypes.List */ ||
-                        context.currentType === 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */)) {
-                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
-                    context.braceNest = 0;
-                    return readToken(scnr, context);
-                }
-                if ((validNamedIdentifier = isNamedIdentifierStart(scnr, context))) {
-                    token = getToken(context, 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */, readNamedIdentifier(scnr));
-                    skipSpaces(scnr);
-                    return token;
-                }
-                if ((validListIdentifier = isListIdentifierStart(scnr, context))) {
-                    token = getToken(context, 5 /* TokenTypes.List */, readListIdentifier(scnr));
-                    skipSpaces(scnr);
-                    return token;
+            else if (ch === CHAR_SP || ch === CHAR_LF) {
+                if (isTextStart(scnr)) {
+                    buf += ch;
+                    scnr.next();
                 }
-                if ((validLiteral = isLiteralStart(scnr, context))) {
-                    token = getToken(context, 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */, readLiteral(scnr));
-                    skipSpaces(scnr);
-                    return token;
+                else if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
+                    break;
                 }
-                if (!validNamedIdentifier && !validListIdentifier && !validLiteral) {
-                    // TODO: we should be re-designed invalid cases, when we will extend message syntax near the future ...
-                    token = getToken(context, 12 /* TokenTypes.InvalidPlace */, readInvalidIdentifier(scnr));
-                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_TOKEN_IN_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0, token.value);
-                    skipSpaces(scnr);
-                    return token;
+                else {
+                    buf += ch;
+                    scnr.next();
                 }
-                break;
             }
-        }
-        return token;
-    }
-    // TODO: We need refactoring of token parsing ...
-    function readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) {
-        const { currentType } = context;
-        let token = null;
-        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
-        if ((currentType === 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */ ||
-            currentType === 8 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDot */ ||
-            currentType === 11 /* TokenTypes.LinkedModifier */ ||
-            currentType === 9 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDelimiter */) &&
-            (ch === CHAR_LF || ch === CHAR_SP)) {
-            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_LINKED_FORMAT, currentPosition(), 0);
-        }
-        switch (ch) {
-            case "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */:
-                scnr.next();
-                token = getToken(context, 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */, "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */);
-                context.inLinked = true;
-                return token;
-            case "." /* TokenChars.LinkedDot */:
-                skipSpaces(scnr);
-                scnr.next();
-                return getToken(context, 8 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDot */, "." /* TokenChars.LinkedDot */);
-            case ":" /* TokenChars.LinkedDelimiter */:
-                skipSpaces(scnr);
+            else {
+                buf += ch;
                 scnr.next();
-                return getToken(context, 9 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDelimiter */, ":" /* TokenChars.LinkedDelimiter */);
-            default:
-                if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
-                    token = getToken(context, 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */, readPlural(scnr));
-                    // reset
-                    context.braceNest = 0;
-                    context.inLinked = false;
-                    return token;
-                }
-                if (isLinkedDotStart(scnr, context) ||
-                    isLinkedDelimiterStart(scnr, context)) {
-                    skipSpaces(scnr);
-                    return readTokenInLinked(scnr, context);
-                }
-                if (isLinkedModifierStart(scnr, context)) {
-                    skipSpaces(scnr);
-                    return getToken(context, 11 /* TokenTypes.LinkedModifier */, readLinkedModifier(scnr));
-                }
-                if (isLinkedReferStart(scnr, context)) {
-                    skipSpaces(scnr);
-                    if (ch === "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */) {
-                        // scan the placeholder
-                        return readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) || token;
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        return getToken(context, 10 /* TokenTypes.LinkedKey */, readLinkedRefer(scnr));
-                    }
-                }
-                if (currentType === 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */) {
-                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_LINKED_FORMAT, currentPosition(), 0);
-                }
-                context.braceNest = 0;
-                context.inLinked = false;
-                return readToken(scnr, context);
+            }
         }
+        return buf;
     }
-    // TODO: We need refactoring of token parsing ...
-    function readToken(scnr, context) {
-        let token = { type: 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */ };
-        if (context.braceNest > 0) {
-            return readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
-        }
-        if (context.inLinked) {
-            return readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
+    function readNamedIdentifier(scnr) {
+        skipSpaces(scnr);
+        let ch = '';
+        let name = '';
+        while ((ch = takeNamedIdentifierChar(scnr))) {
+            name += ch;
         }
-        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
-        switch (ch) {
-            case "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */:
-                return readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
-            case "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */:
-                emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNBALANCED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
-                scnr.next();
-                return getToken(context, 3 /* TokenTypes.BraceRight */, "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */);
-            case "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */:
-                return readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
-            default: {
-                if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
-                    token = getToken(context, 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */, readPlural(scnr));
-                    // reset
-                    context.braceNest = 0;
-                    context.inLinked = false;
-                    return token;
-                }
-                if (isTextStart(scnr)) {
-                    return getToken(context, 0 /* TokenTypes.Text */, readText(scnr));
-                }
-                break;
-            }
+        if (scnr.currentChar() === EOF) {
+            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
         }
-        return token;
+        return name;
     }
-    function nextToken() {
-        const { currentType, offset, startLoc, endLoc } = _context;
-        _context.lastType = currentType;
-        _context.lastOffset = offset;
-        _context.lastStartLoc = startLoc;
-        _context.lastEndLoc = endLoc;
-        _context.offset = currentOffset();
-        _context.startLoc = currentPosition();
-        if (_scnr.currentChar() === EOF) {
-            return getToken(_context, 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */);
+    function readListIdentifier(scnr) {
+        skipSpaces(scnr);
+        let value = '';
+        if (scnr.currentChar() === '-') {
+            scnr.next();
+            value += `-${getDigits(scnr)}`;
         }
-        return readToken(_scnr, _context);
+        else {
+            value += getDigits(scnr);
+        }
+        if (scnr.currentChar() === EOF) {
+            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
+        }
+        return value;
     }
-    return {
-        nextToken,
-        currentOffset,
-        currentPosition,
-        context
-    };
-}
-
-const ERROR_DOMAIN$2 = 'parser';
-// Backslash backslash, backslash quote, uHHHH, UHHHHHH.
-const KNOWN_ESCAPES = /(?:\\\\|\\'|\\u([0-9a-fA-F]{4})|\\U([0-9a-fA-F]{6}))/g;
-function fromEscapeSequence(match, codePoint4, codePoint6) {
-    switch (match) {
-        case `\\\\`:
-            return `\\`;
+    function isLiteral(ch) {
+        return ch !== LITERAL_DELIMITER && ch !== CHAR_LF;
+    }
+    function readLiteral(scnr) {
+        skipSpaces(scnr);
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
-        case `\\\'`:
-            // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
-            return `\'`;
-        default: {
-            const codePoint = parseInt(codePoint4 || codePoint6, 16);
-            if (codePoint <= 0xd7ff || codePoint >= 0xe000) {
-                return String.fromCodePoint(codePoint);
+        eat(scnr, `\'`);
+        let ch = '';
+        let literal = '';
+        while ((ch = takeChar(scnr, isLiteral))) {
+            if (ch === '\\') {
+                literal += readEscapeSequence(scnr);
+            }
+            else {
+                literal += ch;
             }
-            // invalid ...
-            // Replace them with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
-            return '�';
         }
-    }
-}
-function createParser(options = {}) {
-    const location = options.location !== false;
-    const { onError } = options;
-    function emitError(tokenzer, code, start, offset, ...args) {
-        const end = tokenzer.currentPosition();
-        end.offset += offset;
-        end.column += offset;
-        if (onError) {
-            const loc = location ? createLocation(start, end) : null;
-            const err = createCompileError(code, loc, {
-                domain: ERROR_DOMAIN$2,
-                args
-            });
-            onError(err);
+        const current = scnr.currentChar();
+        if (current === CHAR_LF || current === EOF) {
+            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_SINGLE_QUOTE_IN_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0);
+            // TODO: Is it correct really?
+            if (current === CHAR_LF) {
+                scnr.next();
+                // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+                eat(scnr, `\'`);
+            }
+            return literal;
         }
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+        eat(scnr, `\'`);
+        return literal;
     }
-    function startNode(type, offset, loc) {
-        const node = { type };
-        if (location) {
-            node.start = offset;
-            node.end = offset;
-            node.loc = { start: loc, end: loc };
+    function readEscapeSequence(scnr) {
+        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
+        switch (ch) {
+            case '\\':
+            case `\'`: // eslint-disable-line no-useless-escape
+                scnr.next();
+                return `\\${ch}`;
+            case 'u':
+                return readUnicodeEscapeSequence(scnr, ch, 4);
+            case 'U':
+                return readUnicodeEscapeSequence(scnr, ch, 6);
+            default:
+                emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNKNOWN_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE, currentPosition(), 0, ch);
+                return '';
         }
-        return node;
     }
-    function endNode(node, offset, pos, type) {
-        if (location) {
-            node.end = offset;
-            if (node.loc) {
-                node.loc.end = pos;
+    function readUnicodeEscapeSequence(scnr, unicode, digits) {
+        eat(scnr, unicode);
+        let sequence = '';
+        for (let i = 0; i < digits; i++) {
+            const ch = takeHexDigit(scnr);
+            if (!ch) {
+                emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_UNICODE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCE, currentPosition(), 0, `\\${unicode}${sequence}${scnr.currentChar()}`);
+                break;
             }
+            sequence += ch;
         }
+        return `\\${unicode}${sequence}`;
     }
-    function parseText(tokenizer, value) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const node = startNode(3 /* NodeTypes.Text */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
-        node.value = value;
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return node;
-    }
-    function parseList(tokenizer, index) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get brace left loc
-        const node = startNode(5 /* NodeTypes.List */, offset, loc);
-        node.index = parseInt(index, 10);
-        tokenizer.nextToken(); // skip brach right
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return node;
-    }
-    function parseNamed(tokenizer, key) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get brace left loc
-        const node = startNode(4 /* NodeTypes.Named */, offset, loc);
-        node.key = key;
-        tokenizer.nextToken(); // skip brach right
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return node;
-    }
-    function parseLiteral(tokenizer, value) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get brace left loc
-        const node = startNode(9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */, offset, loc);
-        node.value = value.replace(KNOWN_ESCAPES, fromEscapeSequence);
-        tokenizer.nextToken(); // skip brach right
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return node;
+    function isInvalidIdentifier(ch) {
+        return (ch !== "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */ &&
+            ch !== "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */ &&
+            ch !== CHAR_SP &&
+            ch !== CHAR_LF);
     }
-    function parseLinkedModifier(tokenizer) {
-        const token = tokenizer.nextToken();
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get linked dot loc
-        const node = startNode(8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */, offset, loc);
-        if (token.type !== 11 /* TokenTypes.LinkedModifier */) {
-            // empty modifier
-            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_EMPTY_LINKED_MODIFIER, context.lastStartLoc, 0);
-            node.value = '';
-            endNode(node, offset, loc);
-            return {
-                nextConsumeToken: token,
-                node
-            };
-        }
-        // check token
-        if (token.value == null) {
-            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+    function readInvalidIdentifier(scnr) {
+        skipSpaces(scnr);
+        let ch = '';
+        let identifiers = '';
+        while ((ch = takeChar(scnr, isInvalidIdentifier))) {
+            identifiers += ch;
         }
-        node.value = token.value || '';
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return {
-            node
-        };
-    }
-    function parseLinkedKey(tokenizer, value) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const node = startNode(7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
-        node.value = value;
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return node;
+        return identifiers;
     }
-    function parseLinked(tokenizer) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const linkedNode = startNode(6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
-        let token = tokenizer.nextToken();
-        if (token.type === 8 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDot */) {
-            const parsed = parseLinkedModifier(tokenizer);
-            linkedNode.modifier = parsed.node;
-            token = parsed.nextConsumeToken || tokenizer.nextToken();
-        }
-        // asset check token
-        if (token.type !== 9 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDelimiter */) {
-            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
-        }
-        token = tokenizer.nextToken();
-        // skip brace left
-        if (token.type === 2 /* TokenTypes.BraceLeft */) {
-            token = tokenizer.nextToken();
+    function readLinkedModifier(scnr) {
+        let ch = '';
+        let name = '';
+        while ((ch = takeIdentifierChar(scnr))) {
+            name += ch;
         }
-        switch (token.type) {
-            case 10 /* TokenTypes.LinkedKey */:
-                if (token.value == null) {
-                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+        return name;
+    }
+    function readLinkedRefer(scnr) {
+        const fn = (buf) => {
+            const ch = scnr.currentChar();
+            if (ch === "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */ ||
+                ch === "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */ ||
+                ch === "|" /* TokenChars.Pipe */ ||
+                ch === "(" /* TokenChars.ParenLeft */ ||
+                ch === ")" /* TokenChars.ParenRight */ ||
+                !ch) {
+                return buf;
+            }
+            else if (ch === CHAR_SP) {
+                return buf;
+            }
+            else if (ch === CHAR_LF || ch === DOT) {
+                buf += ch;
+                scnr.next();
+                return fn(buf);
+            }
+            else {
+                buf += ch;
+                scnr.next();
+                return fn(buf);
+            }
+        };
+        return fn('');
+    }
+    function readPlural(scnr) {
+        skipSpaces(scnr);
+        const plural = eat(scnr, "|" /* TokenChars.Pipe */);
+        skipSpaces(scnr);
+        return plural;
+    }
+    // TODO: We need refactoring of token parsing ...
+    function readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) {
+        let token = null;
+        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
+        switch (ch) {
+            case "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */:
+                if (context.braceNest >= 1) {
+                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.NOT_ALLOW_NEST_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0);
                 }
-                linkedNode.key = parseLinkedKey(tokenizer, token.value || '');
-                break;
-            case 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */:
-                if (token.value == null) {
-                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                scnr.next();
+                token = getToken(context, 2 /* TokenTypes.BraceLeft */, "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */);
+                skipSpaces(scnr);
+                context.braceNest++;
+                return token;
+            case "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */:
+                if (context.braceNest > 0 &&
+                    context.currentType === 2 /* TokenTypes.BraceLeft */) {
+                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.EMPTY_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0);
                 }
-                linkedNode.key = parseNamed(tokenizer, token.value || '');
-                break;
-            case 5 /* TokenTypes.List */:
-                if (token.value == null) {
-                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                scnr.next();
+                token = getToken(context, 3 /* TokenTypes.BraceRight */, "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */);
+                context.braceNest--;
+                context.braceNest > 0 && skipSpaces(scnr);
+                if (context.inLinked && context.braceNest === 0) {
+                    context.inLinked = false;
                 }
-                linkedNode.key = parseList(tokenizer, token.value || '');
-                break;
-            case 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */:
-                if (token.value == null) {
-                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                return token;
+            case "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */:
+                if (context.braceNest > 0) {
+                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
                 }
-                linkedNode.key = parseLiteral(tokenizer, token.value || '');
-                break;
+                token = readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
+                context.braceNest = 0;
+                return token;
             default: {
-                // empty key
-                emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_EMPTY_LINKED_KEY, context.lastStartLoc, 0);
-                const nextContext = tokenizer.context();
-                const emptyLinkedKeyNode = startNode(7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */, nextContext.offset, nextContext.startLoc);
-                emptyLinkedKeyNode.value = '';
-                endNode(emptyLinkedKeyNode, nextContext.offset, nextContext.startLoc);
-                linkedNode.key = emptyLinkedKeyNode;
-                endNode(linkedNode, nextContext.offset, nextContext.startLoc);
-                return {
-                    nextConsumeToken: token,
-                    node: linkedNode
-                };
-            }
-        }
-        endNode(linkedNode, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return {
-            node: linkedNode
-        };
-    }
-    function parseMessage(tokenizer) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const startOffset = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
-            ? tokenizer.currentOffset()
-            : context.offset;
-        const startLoc = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
-            ? context.endLoc
-            : context.startLoc;
-        const node = startNode(2 /* NodeTypes.Message */, startOffset, startLoc);
-        node.items = [];
-        let nextToken = null;
-        do {
-            const token = nextToken || tokenizer.nextToken();
-            nextToken = null;
-            switch (token.type) {
-                case 0 /* TokenTypes.Text */:
-                    if (token.value == null) {
-                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
-                    }
-                    node.items.push(parseText(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
-                    break;
-                case 5 /* TokenTypes.List */:
-                    if (token.value == null) {
-                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
-                    }
-                    node.items.push(parseList(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
-                    break;
-                case 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */:
-                    if (token.value == null) {
-                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
-                    }
-                    node.items.push(parseNamed(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
-                    break;
-                case 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */:
-                    if (token.value == null) {
-                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                let validNamedIdentifier = true;
+                let validListIdentifier = true;
+                let validLiteral = true;
+                if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
+                    if (context.braceNest > 0) {
+                        emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
                     }
-                    node.items.push(parseLiteral(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
-                    break;
-                case 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */: {
-                    const parsed = parseLinked(tokenizer);
-                    node.items.push(parsed.node);
-                    nextToken = parsed.nextConsumeToken || null;
-                    break;
+                    token = getToken(context, 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */, readPlural(scnr));
+                    // reset
+                    context.braceNest = 0;
+                    context.inLinked = false;
+                    return token;
                 }
+                if (context.braceNest > 0 &&
+                    (context.currentType === 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */ ||
+                        context.currentType === 5 /* TokenTypes.List */ ||
+                        context.currentType === 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */)) {
+                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNTERMINATED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
+                    context.braceNest = 0;
+                    return readToken(scnr, context);
+                }
+                if ((validNamedIdentifier = isNamedIdentifierStart(scnr, context))) {
+                    token = getToken(context, 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */, readNamedIdentifier(scnr));
+                    skipSpaces(scnr);
+                    return token;
+                }
+                if ((validListIdentifier = isListIdentifierStart(scnr, context))) {
+                    token = getToken(context, 5 /* TokenTypes.List */, readListIdentifier(scnr));
+                    skipSpaces(scnr);
+                    return token;
+                }
+                if ((validLiteral = isLiteralStart(scnr, context))) {
+                    token = getToken(context, 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */, readLiteral(scnr));
+                    skipSpaces(scnr);
+                    return token;
+                }
+                if (!validNamedIdentifier && !validListIdentifier && !validLiteral) {
+                    // TODO: we should be re-designed invalid cases, when we will extend message syntax near the future ...
+                    token = getToken(context, 12 /* TokenTypes.InvalidPlace */, readInvalidIdentifier(scnr));
+                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_TOKEN_IN_PLACEHOLDER, currentPosition(), 0, token.value);
+                    skipSpaces(scnr);
+                    return token;
+                }
+                break;
             }
-        } while (context.currentType !== 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */ &&
-            context.currentType !== 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */);
-        // adjust message node loc
-        const endOffset = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
-            ? context.lastOffset
-            : tokenizer.currentOffset();
-        const endLoc = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
-            ? context.lastEndLoc
-            : tokenizer.currentPosition();
-        endNode(node, endOffset, endLoc);
-        return node;
-    }
-    function parsePlural(tokenizer, offset, loc, msgNode) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        let hasEmptyMessage = msgNode.items.length === 0;
-        const node = startNode(1 /* NodeTypes.Plural */, offset, loc);
-        node.cases = [];
-        node.cases.push(msgNode);
-        do {
-            const msg = parseMessage(tokenizer);
-            if (!hasEmptyMessage) {
-                hasEmptyMessage = msg.items.length === 0;
-            }
-            node.cases.push(msg);
-        } while (context.currentType !== 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */);
-        if (hasEmptyMessage) {
-            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.MUST_HAVE_MESSAGES_IN_PLURAL, loc, 0);
         }
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return node;
+        return token;
     }
-    function parseResource(tokenizer) {
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const { offset, startLoc } = context;
-        const msgNode = parseMessage(tokenizer);
-        if (context.currentType === 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */) {
-            return msgNode;
+    // TODO: We need refactoring of token parsing ...
+    function readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) {
+        const { currentType } = context;
+        let token = null;
+        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
+        if ((currentType === 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */ ||
+            currentType === 8 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDot */ ||
+            currentType === 11 /* TokenTypes.LinkedModifier */ ||
+            currentType === 9 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDelimiter */) &&
+            (ch === CHAR_LF || ch === CHAR_SP)) {
+            emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_LINKED_FORMAT, currentPosition(), 0);
         }
-        else {
-            return parsePlural(tokenizer, offset, startLoc, msgNode);
+        switch (ch) {
+            case "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */:
+                scnr.next();
+                token = getToken(context, 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */, "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */);
+                context.inLinked = true;
+                return token;
+            case "." /* TokenChars.LinkedDot */:
+                skipSpaces(scnr);
+                scnr.next();
+                return getToken(context, 8 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDot */, "." /* TokenChars.LinkedDot */);
+            case ":" /* TokenChars.LinkedDelimiter */:
+                skipSpaces(scnr);
+                scnr.next();
+                return getToken(context, 9 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDelimiter */, ":" /* TokenChars.LinkedDelimiter */);
+            default:
+                if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
+                    token = getToken(context, 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */, readPlural(scnr));
+                    // reset
+                    context.braceNest = 0;
+                    context.inLinked = false;
+                    return token;
+                }
+                if (isLinkedDotStart(scnr, context) ||
+                    isLinkedDelimiterStart(scnr, context)) {
+                    skipSpaces(scnr);
+                    return readTokenInLinked(scnr, context);
+                }
+                if (isLinkedModifierStart(scnr, context)) {
+                    skipSpaces(scnr);
+                    return getToken(context, 11 /* TokenTypes.LinkedModifier */, readLinkedModifier(scnr));
+                }
+                if (isLinkedReferStart(scnr, context)) {
+                    skipSpaces(scnr);
+                    if (ch === "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */) {
+                        // scan the placeholder
+                        return readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) || token;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        return getToken(context, 10 /* TokenTypes.LinkedKey */, readLinkedRefer(scnr));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (currentType === 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */) {
+                    emitError(CompileErrorCodes.INVALID_LINKED_FORMAT, currentPosition(), 0);
+                }
+                context.braceNest = 0;
+                context.inLinked = false;
+                return readToken(scnr, context);
         }
     }
-    function parse(source) {
-        const tokenizer = createTokenizer(source, assign({}, options));
-        const context = tokenizer.context();
-        const node = startNode(0 /* NodeTypes.Resource */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
-        if (location && node.loc) {
-            node.loc.source = source;
+    // TODO: We need refactoring of token parsing ...
+    function readToken(scnr, context) {
+        let token = { type: 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */ };
+        if (context.braceNest > 0) {
+            return readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
         }
-        node.body = parseResource(tokenizer);
-        if (options.onCacheKey) {
-            node.cacheKey = options.onCacheKey(source);
+        if (context.inLinked) {
+            return readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
         }
-        // assert whether achieved to EOF
-        if (context.currentType !== 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */) {
-            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, source[context.offset] || '');
+        const ch = scnr.currentChar();
+        switch (ch) {
+            case "{" /* TokenChars.BraceLeft */:
+                return readTokenInPlaceholder(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
+            case "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */:
+                emitError(CompileErrorCodes.UNBALANCED_CLOSING_BRACE, currentPosition(), 0);
+                scnr.next();
+                return getToken(context, 3 /* TokenTypes.BraceRight */, "}" /* TokenChars.BraceRight */);
+            case "@" /* TokenChars.LinkedAlias */:
+                return readTokenInLinked(scnr, context) || getEndToken(context);
+            default: {
+                if (isPluralStart(scnr)) {
+                    token = getToken(context, 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */, readPlural(scnr));
+                    // reset
+                    context.braceNest = 0;
+                    context.inLinked = false;
+                    return token;
+                }
+                if (isTextStart(scnr)) {
+                    return getToken(context, 0 /* TokenTypes.Text */, readText(scnr));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
         }
-        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
-        return node;
-    }
-    return { parse };
-}
-function getTokenCaption(token) {
-    if (token.type === 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */) {
-        return 'EOF';
-    }
-    const name = (token.value || '').replace(/\r?\n/gu, '\\n');
-    return name.length > 10 ? name.slice(0, 9) + '…' : name;
-}
-
-function createTransformer(ast, options = {} // eslint-disable-line
-) {
-    const _context = {
-        ast,
-        helpers: new Set()
-    };
-    const context = () => _context;
-    const helper = (name) => {
-        _context.helpers.add(name);
-        return name;
-    };
-    return { context, helper };
-}
-function traverseNodes(nodes, transformer) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
-        traverseNode(nodes[i], transformer);
+        return token;
     }
-}
-function traverseNode(node, transformer) {
-    // TODO: if we need pre-hook of transform, should be implemented to here
-    switch (node.type) {
-        case 1 /* NodeTypes.Plural */:
-            traverseNodes(node.cases, transformer);
-            transformer.helper("plural" /* HelperNameMap.PLURAL */);
-            break;
-        case 2 /* NodeTypes.Message */:
-            traverseNodes(node.items, transformer);
-            break;
-        case 6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */: {
-            const linked = node;
-            traverseNode(linked.key, transformer);
-            transformer.helper("linked" /* HelperNameMap.LINKED */);
-            transformer.helper("type" /* HelperNameMap.TYPE */);
-            break;
+    function nextToken() {
+        const { currentType, offset, startLoc, endLoc } = _context;
+        _context.lastType = currentType;
+        _context.lastOffset = offset;
+        _context.lastStartLoc = startLoc;
+        _context.lastEndLoc = endLoc;
+        _context.offset = currentOffset();
+        _context.startLoc = currentPosition();
+        if (_scnr.currentChar() === EOF) {
+            return getToken(_context, 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */);
         }
-        case 5 /* NodeTypes.List */:
-            transformer.helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */);
-            transformer.helper("list" /* HelperNameMap.LIST */);
-            break;
-        case 4 /* NodeTypes.Named */:
-            transformer.helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */);
-            transformer.helper("named" /* HelperNameMap.NAMED */);
-            break;
+        return readToken(_scnr, _context);
     }
-    // TODO: if we need post-hook of transform, should be implemented to here
-}
-// transform AST
-function transform(ast, options = {} // eslint-disable-line
-) {
-    const transformer = createTransformer(ast);
-    transformer.helper("normalize" /* HelperNameMap.NORMALIZE */);
-    // traverse
-    ast.body && traverseNode(ast.body, transformer);
-    // set meta information
-    const context = transformer.context();
-    ast.helpers = Array.from(context.helpers);
+    return {
+        nextToken,
+        currentOffset,
+        currentPosition,
+        context
+    };
 }
 
-function optimize(ast) {
-    const body = ast.body;
-    if (body.type === 2 /* NodeTypes.Message */) {
-        optimizeMessageNode(body);
-    }
-    else {
-        body.cases.forEach(c => optimizeMessageNode(c));
-    }
-    return ast;
-}
-function optimizeMessageNode(message) {
-    if (message.items.length === 1) {
-        const item = message.items[0];
-        if (item.type === 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */ || item.type === 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */) {
-            message.static = item.value;
-            delete item.value; // optimization for size
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        const values = [];
-        for (let i = 0; i < message.items.length; i++) {
-            const item = message.items[i];
-            if (!(item.type === 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */ || item.type === 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */)) {
-                break;
-            }
-            if (item.value == null) {
-                break;
-            }
-            values.push(item.value);
-        }
-        if (values.length === message.items.length) {
-            message.static = join(values);
-            for (let i = 0; i < message.items.length; i++) {
-                const item = message.items[i];
-                if (item.type === 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */ || item.type === 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */) {
-                    delete item.value; // optimization for size
-                }
+const ERROR_DOMAIN = 'parser';
+// Backslash backslash, backslash quote, uHHHH, UHHHHHH.
+const KNOWN_ESCAPES = /(?:\\\\|\\'|\\u([0-9a-fA-F]{4})|\\U([0-9a-fA-F]{6}))/g;
+function fromEscapeSequence(match, codePoint4, codePoint6) {
+    switch (match) {
+        case `\\\\`:
+            return `\\`;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+        case `\\\'`:
+            // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+            return `\'`;
+        default: {
+            const codePoint = parseInt(codePoint4 || codePoint6, 16);
+            if (codePoint <= 0xd7ff || codePoint >= 0xe000) {
+                return String.fromCodePoint(codePoint);
             }
+            // invalid ...
+            // Replace them with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
+            return '�';
         }
     }
 }
-
-const ERROR_DOMAIN$1 = 'minifier';
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
-function minify(node) {
-    node.t = node.type;
-    switch (node.type) {
-        case 0 /* NodeTypes.Resource */: {
-            const resource = node;
-            minify(resource.body);
-            resource.b = resource.body;
-            delete resource.body;
-            break;
-        }
-        case 1 /* NodeTypes.Plural */: {
-            const plural = node;
-            const cases = plural.cases;
-            for (let i = 0; i < cases.length; i++) {
-                minify(cases[i]);
-            }
-            plural.c = cases;
-            delete plural.cases;
-            break;
-        }
-        case 2 /* NodeTypes.Message */: {
-            const message = node;
-            const items = message.items;
-            for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
-                minify(items[i]);
-            }
-            message.i = items;
-            delete message.items;
-            if (message.static) {
-                message.s = message.static;
-                delete message.static;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */:
-        case 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */:
-        case 8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */:
-        case 7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */: {
-            const valueNode = node;
-            if (valueNode.value) {
-                valueNode.v = valueNode.value;
-                delete valueNode.value;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */: {
-            const linked = node;
-            minify(linked.key);
-            linked.k = linked.key;
-            delete linked.key;
-            if (linked.modifier) {
-                minify(linked.modifier);
-                linked.m = linked.modifier;
-                delete linked.modifier;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 5 /* NodeTypes.List */: {
-            const list = node;
-            list.i = list.index;
-            delete list.index;
-            break;
-        }
-        case 4 /* NodeTypes.Named */: {
-            const named = node;
-            named.k = named.key;
-            delete named.key;
-            break;
+function createParser(options = {}) {
+    const location = options.location !== false;
+    const { onError } = options;
+    function emitError(tokenzer, code, start, offset, ...args) {
+        const end = tokenzer.currentPosition();
+        end.offset += offset;
+        end.column += offset;
+        if (onError) {
+            const loc = location ? createLocation(start, end) : null;
+            const err = createCompileError(code, loc, {
+                domain: ERROR_DOMAIN,
+                args
+            });
+            onError(err);
         }
-        default:
-            if ((process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production')) {
-                throw createCompileError(CompileErrorCodes.UNHANDLED_MINIFIER_NODE_TYPE, null, {
-                    domain: ERROR_DOMAIN$1,
-                    args: [node.type]
-                });
-            }
     }
-    delete node.type;
-}
-/* eslint-enable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
-
-// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/triple-slash-reference
-/// <reference types="source-map-js" />
-const ERROR_DOMAIN = 'parser';
-function createCodeGenerator(ast, options) {
-    const { sourceMap, filename, breakLineCode, needIndent: _needIndent } = options;
-    const location = options.location !== false;
-    const _context = {
-        filename,
-        code: '',
-        column: 1,
-        line: 1,
-        offset: 0,
-        map: undefined,
-        breakLineCode,
-        needIndent: _needIndent,
-        indentLevel: 0
-    };
-    if (location && ast.loc) {
-        _context.source = ast.loc.source;
+    function startNode(type, offset, loc) {
+        const node = { type };
+        if (location) {
+            node.start = offset;
+            node.end = offset;
+            node.loc = { start: loc, end: loc };
+        }
+        return node;
     }
-    const context = () => _context;
-    function push(code, node) {
-        _context.code += code;
-        if (_context.map) {
-            if (node && node.loc && node.loc !== LOCATION_STUB) {
-                addMapping(node.loc.start, getMappingName(node));
+    function endNode(node, offset, pos, type) {
+        if (location) {
+            node.end = offset;
+            if (node.loc) {
+                node.loc.end = pos;
             }
-            advancePositionWithSource(_context, code);
         }
     }
-    function _newline(n, withBreakLine = true) {
-        const _breakLineCode = withBreakLine ? breakLineCode : '';
-        push(_needIndent ? _breakLineCode + `  `.repeat(n) : _breakLineCode);
+    function parseText(tokenizer, value) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const node = startNode(3 /* NodeTypes.Text */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
+        node.value = value;
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return node;
     }
-    function indent(withNewLine = true) {
-        const level = ++_context.indentLevel;
-        withNewLine && _newline(level);
+    function parseList(tokenizer, index) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get brace left loc
+        const node = startNode(5 /* NodeTypes.List */, offset, loc);
+        node.index = parseInt(index, 10);
+        tokenizer.nextToken(); // skip brach right
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return node;
     }
-    function deindent(withNewLine = true) {
-        const level = --_context.indentLevel;
-        withNewLine && _newline(level);
+    function parseNamed(tokenizer, key) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get brace left loc
+        const node = startNode(4 /* NodeTypes.Named */, offset, loc);
+        node.key = key;
+        tokenizer.nextToken(); // skip brach right
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return node;
     }
-    function newline() {
-        _newline(_context.indentLevel);
+    function parseLiteral(tokenizer, value) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get brace left loc
+        const node = startNode(9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */, offset, loc);
+        node.value = value.replace(KNOWN_ESCAPES, fromEscapeSequence);
+        tokenizer.nextToken(); // skip brach right
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return node;
     }
-    const helper = (key) => `_${key}`;
-    const needIndent = () => _context.needIndent;
-    function addMapping(loc, name) {
-        _context.map.addMapping({
-            name,
-            source: _context.filename,
-            original: {
-                line: loc.line,
-                column: loc.column - 1
-            },
-            generated: {
-                line: _context.line,
-                column: _context.column - 1
-            }
-        });
+    function parseLinkedModifier(tokenizer) {
+        const token = tokenizer.nextToken();
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const { lastOffset: offset, lastStartLoc: loc } = context; // get linked dot loc
+        const node = startNode(8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */, offset, loc);
+        if (token.type !== 11 /* TokenTypes.LinkedModifier */) {
+            // empty modifier
+            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_EMPTY_LINKED_MODIFIER, context.lastStartLoc, 0);
+            node.value = '';
+            endNode(node, offset, loc);
+            return {
+                nextConsumeToken: token,
+                node
+            };
+        }
+        // check token
+        if (token.value == null) {
+            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+        }
+        node.value = token.value || '';
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return {
+            node
+        };
     }
-    if (location && sourceMap) {
-        _context.map = new SourceMapGenerator();
-        _context.map.setSourceContent(filename, _context.source);
+    function parseLinkedKey(tokenizer, value) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const node = startNode(7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
+        node.value = value;
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return node;
     }
-    return {
-        context,
-        push,
-        indent,
-        deindent,
-        newline,
-        helper,
-        needIndent
-    };
-}
-function generateLinkedNode(generator, node) {
-    const { helper } = generator;
-    generator.push(`${helper("linked" /* HelperNameMap.LINKED */)}(`);
-    generateNode(generator, node.key);
-    if (node.modifier) {
-        generator.push(`, `);
-        generateNode(generator, node.modifier);
-        generator.push(`, _type`);
+    function parseLinked(tokenizer) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const linkedNode = startNode(6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
+        let token = tokenizer.nextToken();
+        if (token.type === 8 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDot */) {
+            const parsed = parseLinkedModifier(tokenizer);
+            linkedNode.modifier = parsed.node;
+            token = parsed.nextConsumeToken || tokenizer.nextToken();
+        }
+        // asset check token
+        if (token.type !== 9 /* TokenTypes.LinkedDelimiter */) {
+            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+        }
+        token = tokenizer.nextToken();
+        // skip brace left
+        if (token.type === 2 /* TokenTypes.BraceLeft */) {
+            token = tokenizer.nextToken();
+        }
+        switch (token.type) {
+            case 10 /* TokenTypes.LinkedKey */:
+                if (token.value == null) {
+                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                }
+                linkedNode.key = parseLinkedKey(tokenizer, token.value || '');
+                break;
+            case 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */:
+                if (token.value == null) {
+                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                }
+                linkedNode.key = parseNamed(tokenizer, token.value || '');
+                break;
+            case 5 /* TokenTypes.List */:
+                if (token.value == null) {
+                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                }
+                linkedNode.key = parseList(tokenizer, token.value || '');
+                break;
+            case 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */:
+                if (token.value == null) {
+                    emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                }
+                linkedNode.key = parseLiteral(tokenizer, token.value || '');
+                break;
+            default: {
+                // empty key
+                emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_EMPTY_LINKED_KEY, context.lastStartLoc, 0);
+                const nextContext = tokenizer.context();
+                const emptyLinkedKeyNode = startNode(7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */, nextContext.offset, nextContext.startLoc);
+                emptyLinkedKeyNode.value = '';
+                endNode(emptyLinkedKeyNode, nextContext.offset, nextContext.startLoc);
+                linkedNode.key = emptyLinkedKeyNode;
+                endNode(linkedNode, nextContext.offset, nextContext.startLoc);
+                return {
+                    nextConsumeToken: token,
+                    node: linkedNode
+                };
+            }
+        }
+        endNode(linkedNode, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return {
+            node: linkedNode
+        };
+    }
+    function parseMessage(tokenizer) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const startOffset = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
+            ? tokenizer.currentOffset()
+            : context.offset;
+        const startLoc = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
+            ? context.endLoc
+            : context.startLoc;
+        const node = startNode(2 /* NodeTypes.Message */, startOffset, startLoc);
+        node.items = [];
+        let nextToken = null;
+        do {
+            const token = nextToken || tokenizer.nextToken();
+            nextToken = null;
+            switch (token.type) {
+                case 0 /* TokenTypes.Text */:
+                    if (token.value == null) {
+                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                    }
+                    node.items.push(parseText(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
+                    break;
+                case 5 /* TokenTypes.List */:
+                    if (token.value == null) {
+                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                    }
+                    node.items.push(parseList(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
+                    break;
+                case 4 /* TokenTypes.Named */:
+                    if (token.value == null) {
+                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                    }
+                    node.items.push(parseNamed(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
+                    break;
+                case 6 /* TokenTypes.Literal */:
+                    if (token.value == null) {
+                        emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, getTokenCaption(token));
+                    }
+                    node.items.push(parseLiteral(tokenizer, token.value || ''));
+                    break;
+                case 7 /* TokenTypes.LinkedAlias */: {
+                    const parsed = parseLinked(tokenizer);
+                    node.items.push(parsed.node);
+                    nextToken = parsed.nextConsumeToken || null;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } while (context.currentType !== 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */ &&
+            context.currentType !== 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */);
+        // adjust message node loc
+        const endOffset = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
+            ? context.lastOffset
+            : tokenizer.currentOffset();
+        const endLoc = context.currentType === 1 /* TokenTypes.Pipe */
+            ? context.lastEndLoc
+            : tokenizer.currentPosition();
+        endNode(node, endOffset, endLoc);
+        return node;
     }
-    else {
-        generator.push(`, undefined, _type`);
+    function parsePlural(tokenizer, offset, loc, msgNode) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        let hasEmptyMessage = msgNode.items.length === 0;
+        const node = startNode(1 /* NodeTypes.Plural */, offset, loc);
+        node.cases = [];
+        node.cases.push(msgNode);
+        do {
+            const msg = parseMessage(tokenizer);
+            if (!hasEmptyMessage) {
+                hasEmptyMessage = msg.items.length === 0;
+            }
+            node.cases.push(msg);
+        } while (context.currentType !== 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */);
+        if (hasEmptyMessage) {
+            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.MUST_HAVE_MESSAGES_IN_PLURAL, loc, 0);
+        }
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return node;
     }
-    generator.push(`)`);
-}
-function generateMessageNode(generator, node) {
-    const { helper, needIndent } = generator;
-    generator.push(`${helper("normalize" /* HelperNameMap.NORMALIZE */)}([`);
-    generator.indent(needIndent());
-    const length = node.items.length;
-    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        generateNode(generator, node.items[i]);
-        if (i === length - 1) {
-            break;
+    function parseResource(tokenizer) {
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const { offset, startLoc } = context;
+        const msgNode = parseMessage(tokenizer);
+        if (context.currentType === 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */) {
+            return msgNode;
+        }
+        else {
+            return parsePlural(tokenizer, offset, startLoc, msgNode);
         }
-        generator.push(', ');
     }
-    generator.deindent(needIndent());
-    generator.push('])');
-}
-function generatePluralNode(generator, node) {
-    const { helper, needIndent } = generator;
-    if (node.cases.length > 1) {
-        generator.push(`${helper("plural" /* HelperNameMap.PLURAL */)}([`);
-        generator.indent(needIndent());
-        const length = node.cases.length;
-        for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-            generateNode(generator, node.cases[i]);
-            if (i === length - 1) {
-                break;
-            }
-            generator.push(', ');
+    function parse(source) {
+        const tokenizer = createTokenizer(source, assign({}, options));
+        const context = tokenizer.context();
+        const node = startNode(0 /* NodeTypes.Resource */, context.offset, context.startLoc);
+        if (location && node.loc) {
+            node.loc.source = source;
         }
-        generator.deindent(needIndent());
-        generator.push(`])`);
+        node.body = parseResource(tokenizer);
+        if (options.onCacheKey) {
+            node.cacheKey = options.onCacheKey(source);
+        }
+        // assert whether achieved to EOF
+        if (context.currentType !== 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */) {
+            emitError(tokenizer, CompileErrorCodes.UNEXPECTED_LEXICAL_ANALYSIS, context.lastStartLoc, 0, source[context.offset] || '');
+        }
+        endNode(node, tokenizer.currentOffset(), tokenizer.currentPosition());
+        return node;
     }
+    return { parse };
 }
-function generateResource(generator, node) {
-    if (node.body) {
-        generateNode(generator, node.body);
+function getTokenCaption(token) {
+    if (token.type === 13 /* TokenTypes.EOF */) {
+        return 'EOF';
     }
-    else {
-        generator.push('null');
+    const name = (token.value || '').replace(/\r?\n/gu, '\\n');
+    return name.length > 10 ? name.slice(0, 9) + '…' : name;
+}
+
+function createTransformer(ast, options = {} // eslint-disable-line
+) {
+    const _context = {
+        ast,
+        helpers: new Set()
+    };
+    const context = () => _context;
+    const helper = (name) => {
+        _context.helpers.add(name);
+        return name;
+    };
+    return { context, helper };
+}
+function traverseNodes(nodes, transformer) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+        traverseNode(nodes[i], transformer);
     }
 }
-function generateNode(generator, node) {
-    const { helper } = generator;
+function traverseNode(node, transformer) {
+    // TODO: if we need pre-hook of transform, should be implemented to here
     switch (node.type) {
-        case 0 /* NodeTypes.Resource */:
-            generateResource(generator, node);
-            break;
         case 1 /* NodeTypes.Plural */:
-            generatePluralNode(generator, node);
+            traverseNodes(node.cases, transformer);
+            transformer.helper("plural" /* HelperNameMap.PLURAL */);
             break;
         case 2 /* NodeTypes.Message */:
-            generateMessageNode(generator, node);
-            break;
-        case 6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */:
-            generateLinkedNode(generator, node);
-            break;
-        case 8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */:
-            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
+            traverseNodes(node.items, transformer);
             break;
-        case 7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */:
-            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
+        case 6 /* NodeTypes.Linked */: {
+            const linked = node;
+            traverseNode(linked.key, transformer);
+            transformer.helper("linked" /* HelperNameMap.LINKED */);
+            transformer.helper("type" /* HelperNameMap.TYPE */);
             break;
+        }
         case 5 /* NodeTypes.List */:
-            generator.push(`${helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */)}(${helper("list" /* HelperNameMap.LIST */)}(${node.index}))`, node);
+            transformer.helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */);
+            transformer.helper("list" /* HelperNameMap.LIST */);
             break;
         case 4 /* NodeTypes.Named */:
-            generator.push(`${helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */)}(${helper("named" /* HelperNameMap.NAMED */)}(${JSON.stringify(node.key)}))`, node);
-            break;
-        case 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */:
-            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
-            break;
-        case 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */:
-            generator.push(JSON.stringify(node.value), node);
+            transformer.helper("interpolate" /* HelperNameMap.INTERPOLATE */);
+            transformer.helper("named" /* HelperNameMap.NAMED */);
             break;
-        default:
-            if ((process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production')) {
-                throw createCompileError(CompileErrorCodes.UNHANDLED_CODEGEN_NODE_TYPE, null, {
-                    domain: ERROR_DOMAIN,
-                    args: [node.type]
-                });
-            }
-    }
-}
-// generate code from AST
-const generate = (ast, options = {}) => {
-    const mode = isString(options.mode) ? options.mode : 'normal';
-    const filename = isString(options.filename)
-        ? options.filename
-        : 'message.intl';
-    const sourceMap = !!options.sourceMap;
-    // prettier-ignore
-    const breakLineCode = options.breakLineCode != null
-        ? options.breakLineCode
-        : mode === 'arrow'
-            ? ';'
-            : '\n';
-    const needIndent = options.needIndent ? options.needIndent : mode !== 'arrow';
-    const helpers = ast.helpers || [];
-    const generator = createCodeGenerator(ast, {
-        mode,
-        filename,
-        sourceMap,
-        breakLineCode,
-        needIndent
-    });
-    generator.push(mode === 'normal' ? `function __msg__ (ctx) {` : `(ctx) => {`);
-    generator.indent(needIndent);
-    if (helpers.length > 0) {
-        generator.push(`const { ${join(helpers.map(s => `${s}: _${s}`), ', ')} } = ctx`);
-        generator.newline();
-    }
-    generator.push(`return `);
-    generateNode(generator, ast);
-    generator.deindent(needIndent);
-    generator.push(`}`);
-    delete ast.helpers;
-    const { code, map } = generator.context();
-    return {
-        ast,
-        code,
-        map: map ? map.toJSON() : undefined // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
-    };
-};
-function getMappingName(node) {
-    switch (node.type) {
-        case 3 /* NodeTypes.Text */:
-        case 9 /* NodeTypes.Literal */:
-        case 8 /* NodeTypes.LinkedModifier */:
-        case 7 /* NodeTypes.LinkedKey */:
-            return node.value;
-        case 5 /* NodeTypes.List */:
-            return node.index.toString();
-        case 4 /* NodeTypes.Named */:
-            return node.key;
-        default:
-            return undefined;
     }
+    // TODO: if we need post-hook of transform, should be implemented to here
 }
-function advancePositionWithSource(pos, source, numberOfCharacters = source.length) {
-    let linesCount = 0;
-    let lastNewLinePos = -1;
-    for (let i = 0; i < numberOfCharacters; i++) {
-        if (source.charCodeAt(i) === 10 /* newline char code */) {
-            linesCount++;
-            lastNewLinePos = i;
-        }
-    }
-    pos.offset += numberOfCharacters;
-    pos.line += linesCount;
-    pos.column =
-        lastNewLinePos === -1
-            ? pos.column + numberOfCharacters
-            : numberOfCharacters - lastNewLinePos;
-    return pos;
+// transform AST
+function transform(ast, options = {} // eslint-disable-line
+) {
+    const transformer = createTransformer(ast);
+    transformer.helper("normalize" /* HelperNameMap.NORMALIZE */);
+    // traverse
+    ast.body && traverseNode(ast.body, transformer);
+    // set meta information
+    const context = transformer.context();
+    ast.helpers = Array.from(context.helpers);
 }
 
 function baseCompile(source, options = {}) {
     const assignedOptions = assign({}, options);
     const jit = !!assignedOptions.jit;
-    const enalbeMinify = !!assignedOptions.minify;
-    const enambeOptimize = assignedOptions.optimize == null ? true : assignedOptions.optimize;
+    const enableMangle = !!assignedOptions.mangle;
+    const enableOptimize = assignedOptions.optimize == null ? true : assignedOptions.optimize;
     // parse source codes
     const parser = createParser(assignedOptions);
     const ast = parser.parse(source);
+    // TODO:
+    // With the introduction of Jit compilation, code generation is no longer necessary. This function may no longer be needed since tree-shaking is not possible.
     if (!jit) {
         // transform ASTs
         transform(ast, assignedOptions);
@@ -1564,12 +1562,16 @@ function baseCompile(source, options = {}) {
     }
     else {
         // optimize ASTs
-        enambeOptimize && optimize(ast);
+        enableOptimize && optimize(ast);
         // minimize ASTs
-        enalbeMinify && minify(ast);
+        enableMangle && mangle(ast);
         // In JIT mode, no ast transform, no code generation.
         return { ast, code: '' };
     }
 }
 
-export { COMPILE_ERROR_CODES_EXTEND_POINT, CompileErrorCodes, ERROR_DOMAIN$2 as ERROR_DOMAIN, LOCATION_STUB, baseCompile, createCompileError, createLocation, createParser, createPosition, defaultOnError, detectHtmlTag, errorMessages };
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape
+const RE_HTML_TAG = /<\/?[\w\s="/.':;#-\/]+>/;
+const detectHtmlTag = (source) => RE_HTML_TAG.test(source);
+
+export { COMPILE_ERROR_CODES_EXTEND_POINT, CompileErrorCodes, ERROR_DOMAIN, LOCATION_STUB, baseCompile, createCompileError, createLocation, createParser, createPosition, defaultOnError, detectHtmlTag, errorMessages, mangle, optimize };