@interstellar-tools/equations 0.61.0 → 0.62.0

package/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Alexander Vassbotn Røyne-Helgesen
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/dist/categories/orbits/circular-speed.d.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,20 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice The International Space Station
+ *
+ * **7.66 km/s**
+ *
+ * _Circular speed at 420 km altitude_
+ *
+ * That's about 27 600 km/h, fast enough to circle Earth every 93 minutes.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * circularSpeed(6.371e6 + 420e3, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 7661 m/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} r  Orbital radius ($ r $) (m), must be finite and **> 0**.
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²), must be finite and **≥ 0**.
  * @returns {number} Circular speed ($ v_c $) (m/s).

package/dist/categories/orbits/circular-speed.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"circular-speed.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/circular-speed.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAuCG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,aAAa,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,MAAM,KAAG,MAUrD,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"circular-speed.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/circular-speed.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAqDG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,aAAa,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,MAAM,KAAG,MAUrD,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/circular-speed.js

@@ -21,6 +21,20 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice The International Space Station
+ *
+ * **7.66 km/s**
+ *
+ * _Circular speed at 420 km altitude_
+ *
+ * That's about 27 600 km/h, fast enough to circle Earth every 93 minutes.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * circularSpeed(6.371e6 + 420e3, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 7661 m/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} r  Orbital radius ($ r $) (m), must be finite and **> 0**.
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²), must be finite and **≥ 0**.
  * @returns {number} Circular speed ($ v_c $) (m/s).

package/dist/categories/orbits/circular-speed.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"circular-speed.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/circular-speed.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAqDG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,CAAC,CAAS,EAAE,EAAU,EAAU,EAAE;IAC7D,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAClC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,0CAA0C,CAAC,CAAC;IAC9D,CAAC;IAED,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACnC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,mDAAmD,CAAC,CAAC;IACvE,CAAC;IAED,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AAC3B,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/cw-hill-derivatives.d.ts

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ import { CwState, CwStateDerivative } from '@interstellar-tools/types';
  *
  * const mu = 398600.4418;  // km³/s²
  * const a  = 7000;         // km
- * const n  = meanMotion(mu, a); // rad/s
+ * const n  = meanMotion(a, mu); // rad/s
  *
  * const s: CwState = [100, 0, 0, 0, 0.01, 0];
  * const ds = cwHillDerivatives(s, n);

package/dist/categories/orbits/cw-hill-derivatives.js

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
  *
  * const mu = 398600.4418;  // km³/s²
  * const a  = 7000;         // km
- * const n  = meanMotion(mu, a); // rad/s
+ * const n  = meanMotion(a, mu); // rad/s
  *
  * const s: CwState = [100, 0, 0, 0, 0.01, 0];
  * const ds = cwHillDerivatives(s, n);

package/dist/categories/orbits/escape-speed.d.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,22 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Leaving Earth
+ *
+ * **11.19 km/s**
+ *
+ * _Escape speed at Earth's surface_
+ *
+ * That's √2 times the 7.91 km/s it takes to orbit just above the surface, which
+ * is why a rocket for the Moon or Mars is so much bigger than one for low Earth
+ * orbit.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * escapeSpeed(6.371e6, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 11 186 m/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} r  Radius ($ r $) (m), distance from the central body’s center (must be finite and **> 0**).
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²), must be finite and **≥ 0**.
  * @returns {number} Escape speed ($ v_{\text{esc}} $) (m/s).

package/dist/categories/orbits/escape-speed.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"escape-speed.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/escape-speed.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA+DG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,WAAW,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,MAAM,KAAG,MAUnD,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/escape-speed.js

@@ -22,6 +22,22 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Leaving Earth
+ *
+ * **11.19 km/s**
+ *
+ * _Escape speed at Earth's surface_
+ *
+ * That's √2 times the 7.91 km/s it takes to orbit just above the surface, which
+ * is why a rocket for the Moon or Mars is so much bigger than one for low Earth
+ * orbit.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * escapeSpeed(6.371e6, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 11 186 m/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} r  Radius ($ r $) (m), distance from the central body’s center (must be finite and **> 0**).
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²), must be finite and **≥ 0**.
  * @returns {number} Escape speed ($ v_{\text{esc}} $) (m/s).

package/dist/categories/orbits/escape-speed.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"escape-speed.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/escape-speed.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA+DG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,WAAW,GAAG,CAAC,CAAS,EAAE,EAAU,EAAU,EAAE;IAC3D,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAClC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,0CAA0C,CAAC,CAAC;IAC9D,CAAC;IAED,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACnC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,mDAAmD,CAAC,CAAC;IACvE,CAAC;IAED,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AACjC,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.d.ts

@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@
  * - If $ \mu $ is in km³/s², then $r_p$ must be in km and speeds are in km/s.
  *
  * @param vInfinity Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (must be finite, >= 0).
- * @param mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (must be finite, > 0).
  * @param rp Periapsis radius $ r_p $ from the central body's center (must be finite, > 0).
+ * @param mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (must be finite, > 0).
  * @returns Periapsis speed $ v_p $ in the same speed units as `vInfinity`.
  * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not finite.
- * @throws {RangeError} If `vInfinity < 0`, `mu <= 0`, or `rp <= 0`.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `vInfinity < 0`, `rp <= 0`, or `mu <= 0`.
  * @group Orbits
  *
  * @example
  * ```ts
  * // Earth example (km-based):
  * // mu = 398600.4418 km³/s², rp ~ 6678 km (LEO-ish), v∞ = 3.2 km/s
- * const vp = hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed(3.2, 398600.4418, 6678);
+ * const vp = hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed(3.2, 6678, 398600.4418);
  * ```
  */
-export declare const hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed: (vInfinity: number, mu: number, rp: number) => number;
+export declare const hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed: (vInfinity: number, rp: number, mu: number) => number;
 //# sourceMappingURL=hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.js

@@ -17,40 +17,40 @@
  * - If $ \mu $ is in km³/s², then $r_p$ must be in km and speeds are in km/s.
  *
  * @param vInfinity Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (must be finite, >= 0).
- * @param mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (must be finite, > 0).
  * @param rp Periapsis radius $ r_p $ from the central body's center (must be finite, > 0).
+ * @param mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (must be finite, > 0).
  * @returns Periapsis speed $ v_p $ in the same speed units as `vInfinity`.
  * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not finite.
- * @throws {RangeError} If `vInfinity < 0`, `mu <= 0`, or `rp <= 0`.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `vInfinity < 0`, `rp <= 0`, or `mu <= 0`.
  * @group Orbits
  *
  * @example
  * ```ts
  * // Earth example (km-based):
  * // mu = 398600.4418 km³/s², rp ~ 6678 km (LEO-ish), v∞ = 3.2 km/s
- * const vp = hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed(3.2, 398600.4418, 6678);
+ * const vp = hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed(3.2, 6678, 398600.4418);
  * ```
  */
 /* node:coverage enable */
-export const hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed = (vInfinity, mu, rp) => {
+export const hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed = (vInfinity, rp, mu) => {
     if (!Number.isFinite(vInfinity)) {
         throw new TypeError(`vInfinity must be a finite number. Received: ${vInfinity}`);
     }
-    if (!Number.isFinite(mu)) {
-        throw new TypeError(`mu must be a finite number. Received: ${mu}`);
-    }
     if (!Number.isFinite(rp)) {
         throw new TypeError(`rp must be a finite number. Received: ${rp}`);
     }
+    if (!Number.isFinite(mu)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`mu must be a finite number. Received: ${mu}`);
+    }
     if (vInfinity < 0) {
         throw new RangeError(`vInfinity must be >= 0. Received: ${vInfinity}`);
     }
-    if (mu <= 0) {
-        throw new RangeError(`mu must be > 0. Received: ${mu}`);
-    }
     if (rp <= 0) {
         throw new RangeError(`rp must be > 0. Received: ${rp}`);
     }
+    if (mu <= 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`mu must be > 0. Received: ${mu}`);
+    }
     const term = vInfinity * vInfinity + (2 * mu) / rp;
     // With valid ranges above, term should be positive, but guard anyway.
     if (term < 0) {

package/dist/categories/orbits/kepler-period.d.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,21 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Geostationary orbit
+ *
+ * **23.93 h**
+ *
+ * _Orbital period 42 164 km from Earth's centre_
+ *
+ * That's one sidereal day, the time Earth takes to turn once relative to the
+ * stars, so a satellite there stays over the same spot on the equator.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * keplerPeriod(42164e3, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 86 164 s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} a  Semi-major axis (m), must be finite and **> 0**.
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter (m³/s²), must be finite and **> 0**.
  * @returns {number} Orbital period ($ T $) (s).

package/dist/categories/orbits/kepler-period.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"kepler-period.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/kepler-period.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAyDG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,YAAY,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,MAAM,KAAG,MAYpD,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/kepler-period.js

@@ -18,6 +18,21 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Geostationary orbit
+ *
+ * **23.93 h**
+ *
+ * _Orbital period 42 164 km from Earth's centre_
+ *
+ * That's one sidereal day, the time Earth takes to turn once relative to the
+ * stars, so a satellite there stays over the same spot on the equator.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * keplerPeriod(42164e3, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 86 164 s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} a  Semi-major axis (m), must be finite and **> 0**.
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter (m³/s²), must be finite and **> 0**.
  * @returns {number} Orbital period ($ T $) (s).

package/dist/categories/orbits/kepler-period.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"kepler-period.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/kepler-period.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAyDG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,YAAY,GAAG,CAAC,CAAS,EAAE,EAAU,EAAU,EAAE;IAC5D,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAClC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,+CAA+C,CAAC,CAAC;IACnE,CAAC;IAED,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACpC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,+CAA+C,CAAC,CAAC;IACnE,CAAC;IAED,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,MAAM;IAE5B,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;AAC1C,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/mean-motion.d.ts

@@ -18,11 +18,26 @@
  * Common usage: reference rate for relative motion models (e.g., Clohessy–Wiltshire / Hill),
  * orbital period estimates, and circular-orbit dynamics.
  *
- * @param mu - Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (finite, > 0).
+ * ::: practice The ISS, orbit by orbit
+ *
+ * **15.51 orbits/day**
+ *
+ * _Mean motion at 420 km altitude_
+ *
+ * The function returns 0.001128 rad/s. Multiply by 86 400 s and divide by 2π for
+ * orbits per day, the unit used in a satellite's two-line elements (TLEs).
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * meanMotion(6.371e6 + 420e3, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 0.001128 rad/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param a - Semi-major axis $ a $ (finite, > 0).
+ * @param mu - Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (finite, > 0).
  * @returns Mean motion $ n $ in **rad/s**.
- * @throws {TypeError} If `mu` or `a` is not a finite number.
- * @throws {RangeError} If `mu <= 0` or `a <= 0`.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `a` or `mu` is not a finite number.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `a <= 0` or `mu <= 0`.
  * @group Orbits
  *
  * @example
@@ -30,8 +45,8 @@
  * // Earth example (km-based):
  * const mu = 398600.4418; // km³/s²
  * const a = 7000;         // km
- * const n = meanMotion(mu, a); // rad/s
+ * const n = meanMotion(a, mu); // rad/s
  * ```
  */
-export declare const meanMotion: (mu: number, a: number) => number;
+export declare const meanMotion: (a: number, mu: number) => number;
 //# sourceMappingURL=mean-motion.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/mean-motion.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"mean-motion.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/mean-motion.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAkCG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,UAAU,GAAI,IAAI,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,MAAM,KAAG,MAYlD,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"mean-motion.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/mean-motion.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAiDG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,UAAU,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,MAAM,KAAG,MAYlD,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/mean-motion.js

@@ -18,11 +18,26 @@
  * Common usage: reference rate for relative motion models (e.g., Clohessy–Wiltshire / Hill),
  * orbital period estimates, and circular-orbit dynamics.
  *
- * @param mu - Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (finite, > 0).
+ * ::: practice The ISS, orbit by orbit
+ *
+ * **15.51 orbits/day**
+ *
+ * _Mean motion at 420 km altitude_
+ *
+ * The function returns 0.001128 rad/s. Multiply by 86 400 s and divide by 2π for
+ * orbits per day, the unit used in a satellite's two-line elements (TLEs).
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * meanMotion(6.371e6 + 420e3, 3.986004418e14); // ≈ 0.001128 rad/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param a - Semi-major axis $ a $ (finite, > 0).
+ * @param mu - Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (finite, > 0).
  * @returns Mean motion $ n $ in **rad/s**.
- * @throws {TypeError} If `mu` or `a` is not a finite number.
- * @throws {RangeError} If `mu <= 0` or `a <= 0`.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `a` or `mu` is not a finite number.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `a <= 0` or `mu <= 0`.
  * @group Orbits
  *
  * @example
@@ -30,18 +45,18 @@
  * // Earth example (km-based):
  * const mu = 398600.4418; // km³/s²
  * const a = 7000;         // km
- * const n = meanMotion(mu, a); // rad/s
+ * const n = meanMotion(a, mu); // rad/s
  * ```
  */
-export const meanMotion = (mu, a) => {
-    if (!Number.isFinite(mu))
-        throw new TypeError(`mu must be finite. Received: ${mu}`);
+export const meanMotion = (a, mu) => {
     if (!Number.isFinite(a))
         throw new TypeError(`a must be finite. Received: ${a}`);
-    if (mu <= 0)
-        throw new RangeError(`mu must be > 0. Received: ${mu}`);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(mu))
+        throw new TypeError(`mu must be finite. Received: ${mu}`);
     if (a <= 0)
         throw new RangeError(`a must be > 0. Received: ${a}`);
+    if (mu <= 0)
+        throw new RangeError(`mu must be > 0. Received: ${mu}`);
     return Math.sqrt(mu / (a * a * a));
 };
 //# sourceMappingURL=mean-motion.js.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/mean-motion.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"mean-motion.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/mean-motion.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAiDG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,UAAU,GAAG,CAAC,CAAS,EAAE,EAAU,EAAU,EAAE;IAC1D,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;QACrB,MAAM,IAAI,SAAS,CAAC,+BAA+B,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IAE1D,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACtB,MAAM,IAAI,SAAS,CAAC,gCAAgC,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IAE5D,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;QAAE,MAAM,IAAI,UAAU,CAAC,4BAA4B,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IAElE,IAAI,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC;QAAE,MAAM,IAAI,UAAU,CAAC,6BAA6B,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IAErE,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AACrC,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/peri-apoapsis-radii.d.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,23 @@ import { PeriApoRadiiType } from '@interstellar-tools/types';
  * - Inputs: ($ a $) in **meters (m)**, ($ e $) dimensionless.
  * - Output: ($ r_p, r_a $) in **meters (m)**.
  *
+ * ::: practice Molniya orbit
+ *
+ * **545 km / 39 913 km**
+ *
+ * _Altitude at perigee and apogee_
+ *
+ * With e = 0.74, a Molniya satellite races through perigee and spends most of its
+ * 12 hour orbit slowly crossing apogee, high above the northern latitudes it
+ * serves.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * periApoapsisRadii(26600e3, 0.74);
+ * // rp = 6 916 km, ra = 46 284 km from Earth's centre
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} a Semi-major axis ($ a $) (m). Must be finite and **≠ 0**.
  * @param {number} e Eccentricity ($ e $) (dimensionless). Must be finite and **≥ 0**.
  * @returns {{ rp: number; ra: number | null }} Object with periapsis `rp` and apoapsis `ra` (or `null` if undefined for hyperbolic).

package/dist/categories/orbits/peri-apoapsis-radii.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"peri-apoapsis-radii.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/peri-apoapsis-radii.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,OAAO,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,2BAA2B,CAAC;AAG7D;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA0CG;AAEH,eAAO,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,MAAM,KAAG,gBAsDxD,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"peri-apoapsis-radii.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/peri-apoapsis-radii.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,OAAO,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,2BAA2B,CAAC;AAG7D;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA2DG;AAEH,eAAO,MAAM,iBAAiB,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,MAAM,KAAG,gBAsDxD,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/peri-apoapsis-radii.js

@@ -17,6 +17,23 @@
  * - Inputs: ($ a $) in **meters (m)**, ($ e $) dimensionless.
  * - Output: ($ r_p, r_a $) in **meters (m)**.
  *
+ * ::: practice Molniya orbit
+ *
+ * **545 km / 39 913 km**
+ *
+ * _Altitude at perigee and apogee_
+ *
+ * With e = 0.74, a Molniya satellite races through perigee and spends most of its
+ * 12 hour orbit slowly crossing apogee, high above the northern latitudes it
+ * serves.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * periApoapsisRadii(26600e3, 0.74);
+ * // rp = 6 916 km, ra = 46 284 km from Earth's centre
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} a Semi-major axis ($ a $) (m). Must be finite and **≠ 0**.
  * @param {number} e Eccentricity ($ e $) (dimensionless). Must be finite and **≥ 0**.
  * @returns {{ rp: number; ra: number | null }} Object with periapsis `rp` and apoapsis `ra` (or `null` if undefined for hyperbolic).

package/dist/categories/orbits/peri-apoapsis-radii.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/specific-mechanical-energy.d.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,26 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Energy of the ISS orbit
+ *
+ * **-29.35 MJ/kg**
+ *
+ * _Specific orbital energy at 420 km altitude_
+ *
+ * Negative means the orbit is bound. Escaping Earth from there takes 29.35 MJ
+ * more for every kilogram, which brings the energy up to zero.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * const mu = 3.986004418e14;
+ * const r = 6.371e6 + 420e3;
+ *
+ * const v = circularSpeed(r, mu);
+ *
+ * specificMechanicalEnergy(v, r, mu); // ≈ -2.935e7 J/kg
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} v  Speed magnitude ($ v $) (m/s).
  * @param {number} r  Radius ($ r=\|\mathbf r\| $) from the central body (m).
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²).

package/dist/categories/orbits/specific-mechanical-energy.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"specific-mechanical-energy.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/specific-mechanical-energy.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAkEG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,wBAAwB,GACnC,GAAG,MAAM,EACT,GAAG,MAAM,EACT,IAAI,MAAM,KACT,MAWF,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/specific-mechanical-energy.js

@@ -25,6 +25,26 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Energy of the ISS orbit
+ *
+ * **-29.35 MJ/kg**
+ *
+ * _Specific orbital energy at 420 km altitude_
+ *
+ * Negative means the orbit is bound. Escaping Earth from there takes 29.35 MJ
+ * more for every kilogram, which brings the energy up to zero.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * const mu = 3.986004418e14;
+ * const r = 6.371e6 + 420e3;
+ *
+ * const v = circularSpeed(r, mu);
+ *
+ * specificMechanicalEnergy(v, r, mu); // ≈ -2.935e7 J/kg
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} v  Speed magnitude ($ v $) (m/s).
  * @param {number} r  Radius ($ r=\|\mathbf r\| $) from the central body (m).
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²).

package/dist/categories/orbits/specific-mechanical-energy.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/sphere-of-influence-radius.d.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,23 @@
  * Units:
  * - Output `rSOI` has the same distance unit as `a` (since the mass ratio is dimensionless).
  *
+ * ::: practice Earth's sphere of influence
+ *
+ * **925 000 km**
+ *
+ * _Where Earth's gravity outweighs the Sun's_
+ *
+ * The Moon, at 384 400 km, is well inside it. Beyond this distance, a
+ * spacecraft's path is best described as an orbit around the Sun.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * const au = 1.495978707e11; // m
+ *
+ * sphereOfInfluenceRadius(au, 5.972e24, 1.989e30); // ≈ 9.245e8 m
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} a Semi-major axis `a` of the secondary around the primary (finite, > 0).
  * @param {number} m Mass of the secondary body `m` (finite, > 0).
  * @param {number} M Mass of the primary body `M` (finite, > 0).

package/dist/categories/orbits/sphere-of-influence-radius.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/sphere-of-influence-radius.js

@@ -14,6 +14,23 @@
  * Units:
  * - Output `rSOI` has the same distance unit as `a` (since the mass ratio is dimensionless).
  *
+ * ::: practice Earth's sphere of influence
+ *
+ * **925 000 km**
+ *
+ * _Where Earth's gravity outweighs the Sun's_
+ *
+ * The Moon, at 384 400 km, is well inside it. Beyond this distance, a
+ * spacecraft's path is best described as an orbit around the Sun.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * const au = 1.495978707e11; // m
+ *
+ * sphereOfInfluenceRadius(au, 5.972e24, 1.989e30); // ≈ 9.245e8 m
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} a Semi-major axis `a` of the secondary around the primary (finite, > 0).
  * @param {number} m Mass of the secondary body `m` (finite, > 0).
  * @param {number} M Mass of the primary body `M` (finite, > 0).

package/dist/categories/orbits/sphere-of-influence-radius.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/vis-viva-speed.d.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,25 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Departing for Mars
+ *
+ * **32.73 km/s**
+ *
+ * _Speed at the start of a Hohmann transfer to Mars_
+ *
+ * Earth moves around the Sun at 29.78 km/s, so a spacecraft leaving on the
+ * transfer orbit needs 2.95 km/s on top of Earth's own speed.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * const au = 1.495978707e11; // m
+ * const muSun = 1.32712440018e20; // m³/s²
+ * const a = ((1 + 1.524) / 2) * au; // transfer orbit
+ *
+ * visVivaSpeed(au, a, muSun); // ≈ 32 731 m/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} r  Radius ($ r $) (m), distance to the attracting body.
  * @param {number} a  Semi-major axis ($ a $) (m). Use `Infinity` for parabolic, negative for hyperbolic.
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²).

package/dist/categories/orbits/vis-viva-speed.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"vis-viva-speed.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/vis-viva-speed.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA0DG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,YAAY,GAAI,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,GAAG,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,MAAM,KAAG,MAsC/D,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/vis-viva-speed.js

@@ -22,6 +22,25 @@
  *
  * :::
  *
+ * ::: practice Departing for Mars
+ *
+ * **32.73 km/s**
+ *
+ * _Speed at the start of a Hohmann transfer to Mars_
+ *
+ * Earth moves around the Sun at 29.78 km/s, so a spacecraft leaving on the
+ * transfer orbit needs 2.95 km/s on top of Earth's own speed.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * const au = 1.495978707e11; // m
+ * const muSun = 1.32712440018e20; // m³/s²
+ * const a = ((1 + 1.524) / 2) * au; // transfer orbit
+ *
+ * visVivaSpeed(au, a, muSun); // ≈ 32 731 m/s
+ * ```
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
  * @param {number} r  Radius ($ r $) (m), distance to the attracting body.
  * @param {number} a  Semi-major axis ($ a $) (m). Use `Infinity` for parabolic, negative for hyperbolic.
  * @param {number} mu Gravitational parameter ($ \mu $) (m³/s²).

package/dist/categories/orbits/vis-viva-speed.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@interstellar-tools/equations",
-  "version": "0.61.0",
+  "version": "0.62.0",
   "description": "Curated, well-tested orbital mechanics and dynamics formulas (e.g., Newtonian gravity, vis-viva, Kepler's 3rd law, escape/circular speeds, specific energy, specific angular momentum, peri/apoapsis radii).",
   "keywords": [
     "interstellar",