@interstellar-tools/equations 0.14.0 → 0.16.0

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/gravity-assist-turning-angle.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import type { Radians } from '@interstellar-tools/types';
+/**
+ * Compute **gravity-assist turning angle** (flyby deflection) for a hyperbolic encounter.
+ *
+ * Equation:
+ * $$
+ * \delta = 2\arcsin\!\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{r_p v_{\infty}^2}{\mu}}\right)
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Where:
+ * - $ r_p $ is periapsis radius from the body's center (m or km)
+ * - $ v_{\infty} $ is hyperbolic excess speed (m/s or km/s)
+ * - $ \mu $ is the standard gravitational parameter (m³/s² or km³/s²)
+ *
+ * Unit consistency is required:
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in m³/s², then $ r_p $ must be in m and $ v_{\infty} $ in m/s.
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in km³/s², then $ r_p $ must be in km and $ v_{\infty} $ in km/s.
+ *
+ * @param {number} rp Periapsis radius $ r_p $ (finite, > 0).
+ * @param {number} vInfinity Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (finite, >= 0).
+ * @param {number} mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (finite, > 0).
+ * @returns {Radians} Turning angle $ \delta $ in **radians** (range: 0 to π).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not finite.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `rp <= 0`, `mu <= 0`, or `vInfinity < 0`.
+ * @group Manoeuvres
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Example (km-based):
+ * // rp = 7000 km, v∞ = 8 km/s, mu(Earth) = 398600.4418 km³/s²
+ * const delta = gravityAssistTurningAngle(7000, 8, 398600.4418);
+ * // delta is in radians
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare const gravityAssistTurningAngle: (rp: number, vInfinity: number, mu: number) => Radians;
+//# sourceMappingURL=gravity-assist-turning-angle.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/gravity-assist-turning-angle.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/gravity-assist-turning-angle.js

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **gravity-assist turning angle** (flyby deflection) for a hyperbolic encounter.
+ *
+ * Equation:
+ * $$
+ * \delta = 2\arcsin\!\left(\frac{1}{1+\frac{r_p v_{\infty}^2}{\mu}}\right)
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Where:
+ * - $ r_p $ is periapsis radius from the body's center (m or km)
+ * - $ v_{\infty} $ is hyperbolic excess speed (m/s or km/s)
+ * - $ \mu $ is the standard gravitational parameter (m³/s² or km³/s²)
+ *
+ * Unit consistency is required:
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in m³/s², then $ r_p $ must be in m and $ v_{\infty} $ in m/s.
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in km³/s², then $ r_p $ must be in km and $ v_{\infty} $ in km/s.
+ *
+ * @param {number} rp Periapsis radius $ r_p $ (finite, > 0).
+ * @param {number} vInfinity Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (finite, >= 0).
+ * @param {number} mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (finite, > 0).
+ * @returns {Radians} Turning angle $ \delta $ in **radians** (range: 0 to π).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not finite.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `rp <= 0`, `mu <= 0`, or `vInfinity < 0`.
+ * @group Manoeuvres
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Example (km-based):
+ * // rp = 7000 km, v∞ = 8 km/s, mu(Earth) = 398600.4418 km³/s²
+ * const delta = gravityAssistTurningAngle(7000, 8, 398600.4418);
+ * // delta is in radians
+ * ```
+ */
+export const gravityAssistTurningAngle = (rp, vInfinity, mu) => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(rp)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`rp must be a finite number. Received: ${rp}`);
+    }
+    if (!Number.isFinite(vInfinity)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`vInfinity must be a finite number. Received: ${vInfinity}`);
+    }
+    if (!Number.isFinite(mu)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`mu must be a finite number. Received: ${mu}`);
+    }
+    if (rp <= 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`rp must be > 0. Received: ${rp}`);
+    }
+    if (vInfinity < 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`vInfinity must be >= 0. Received: ${vInfinity}`);
+    }
+    if (mu <= 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`mu must be > 0. Received: ${mu}`);
+    }
+    // x = 1 / (1 + rp*vInf²/mu)
+    const denom = 1 + (rp * vInfinity * vInfinity) / mu;
+    const x = 1 / denom;
+    // numerical guard: due to rounding x can slightly exceed 1
+    const clamped = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, x));
+    return (2 * Math.asin(clamped));
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=gravity-assist-turning-angle.js.map

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/gravity-assist-turning-angle.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/hohmann-transfer.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"hohmann-transfer.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/manoeuvres/hohmann-transfer.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAM,MAAM,yBAAyB,GAAG;IACtC,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACX,GAAG,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACZ,GAAG,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACZ,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAChB,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAClB,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,YAAY,GAAG,MAAM,CAAC;IACzC,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,YAAY,GAAG,MAAM,CAAC;CAC1C,CAAC;AAEF;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAqCG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,eAAe,GAC1B,IAAI,MAAM,EACV,IAAI,MAAM,EACV,IAAI,MAAM,KACT,yBAgDF,CAAC;AAEF;;;;;;;;;;GAUG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,oBAAoB,GAAI,IAAI,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,MAAM,KAAG,MAU7D,CAAC;AAEF;;;;;;;;;;;GAWG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,mBAAmB,GAC9B,IAAI,MAAM,EACV,IAAI,MAAM,EACV,IAAI,MAAM,KACT,MASF,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/hohmann-transfer.js

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export const hohmannTransfer = (r1, r2, mu) => {
         throw new RangeError('r1, r2, and mu must be finite.');
     }
     if (r1 <= 0 || r2 <= 0 || mu <= 0) {
-        throw new RangeError('r1 and r2 must be > 0 (m), mu must be > 0 (m^3/s^2).');
+        throw new RangeError('r1 and r2 must be > 0 (m), mu must be > 0 (m³/s²).');
     }
     const at = 0.5 * (r1 + r2);
     // Circular speeds at the endpoints
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ export const hohmannTransferTime = (r1, r2, mu) => {
     if (typeof mu !== 'number')
         throw new TypeError('mu must be a number.');
     if (!Number.isFinite(mu) || mu <= 0)
-        throw new RangeError('mu must be finite and > 0 (m^3/s^2).');
+        throw new RangeError('mu must be finite and > 0 (m³/s²).');
     return Math.PI * Math.sqrt((at * at * at) / mu);
 };
 //# sourceMappingURL=hohmann-transfer.js.map

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/hohmann-transfer.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/oberth-energy-gain.d.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
  * ```ts
  * import { oberthEnergyGain, circularSpeed } from "@interstellar-tools/equations";
  *
- * // Earth's GM (μ) in m^3/s^2
+ * // Earth's GM (μ) in m³/s²
  * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;
  *
  * // Example: small prograde burn at LEO periapsis (~400 km altitude)
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@
  * // Suppose guidance commands a small impulsive burn Δv = 50 m/s at periapsis
  * const dv = 50; // m/s
  *
- * // Oberth approximation: Δε ≈ v · Δv  (specific energy gain, J/kg ≡ m^2/s^2)
+ * // Oberth approximation: Δε ≈ v · Δv  (specific energy gain, J/kg ≡ m²/s²)
  * const deltaEps = oberthEnergyGain(vLEO, dv);
  *
  * // For intuition, translate Δε to an approximate change in semi-major axis (elliptic case):
- * // ε = -μ/(2a)  ⇒  Δa ≈ (a^2 / μ) · Δε (valid for small changes around circular LEO)
+ * // ε = -μ/(2a)  ⇒  Δa ≈ (a² / μ) · Δε (valid for small changes around circular LEO)
  * const aLEO = rLEO; // circular → a = r
  * const deltaA = (aLEO * aLEO / muEarth) * deltaEps; // meters
  *

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/oberth-energy-gain.js

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
  * ```ts
  * import { oberthEnergyGain, circularSpeed } from "@interstellar-tools/equations";
  *
- * // Earth's GM (μ) in m^3/s^2
+ * // Earth's GM (μ) in m³/s²
  * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;
  *
  * // Example: small prograde burn at LEO periapsis (~400 km altitude)
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@
  * // Suppose guidance commands a small impulsive burn Δv = 50 m/s at periapsis
  * const dv = 50; // m/s
  *
- * // Oberth approximation: Δε ≈ v · Δv  (specific energy gain, J/kg ≡ m^2/s^2)
+ * // Oberth approximation: Δε ≈ v · Δv  (specific energy gain, J/kg ≡ m²/s²)
  * const deltaEps = oberthEnergyGain(vLEO, dv);
  *
  * // For intuition, translate Δε to an approximate change in semi-major axis (elliptic case):
- * // ε = -μ/(2a)  ⇒  Δa ≈ (a^2 / μ) · Δε (valid for small changes around circular LEO)
+ * // ε = -μ/(2a)  ⇒  Δa ≈ (a² / μ) · Δε (valid for small changes around circular LEO)
  * const aLEO = rLEO; // circular → a = r
  * const deltaA = (aLEO * aLEO / muEarth) * deltaEps; // meters
  *

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/plane-change-delta-v.d.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import type { Radians } from '@interstellar-tools/types';
  * // Helper: degrees → radians (branded)
  * const toRadians = (deg: number): Radians => ((deg * Math.PI) / 180) as Radians;
  *
- * // Earth’s GM (μ) in m^3/s^2
+ * // Earth’s GM (μ) in m³/s²
  * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;
  *
  * // Example: instantaneous plane change at LEO (~400 km altitude)

package/dist/categories/manoeuvres/plane-change-delta-v.js

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
  * // Helper: degrees → radians (branded)
  * const toRadians = (deg: number): Radians => ((deg * Math.PI) / 180) as Radians;
  *
- * // Earth’s GM (μ) in m^3/s^2
+ * // Earth’s GM (μ) in m³/s²
  * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;
  *
  * // Example: instantaneous plane change at LEO (~400 km altitude)

package/dist/categories/orbits/characteristic-energy-c3.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **characteristic energy** (C3) from hyperbolic excess speed.
+ *
+ * Characteristic energy is defined as the square of the hyperbolic excess velocity:
+ *
+ * $$
+ * C_3 = v_{\infty}^2
+ * $$
+ *
+ * - If `vInfinity` is in **km/s**, `C3` is in **(km/s)²**.
+ * - If `vInfinity` is in **m/s**, `C3` is in **(m/s)²**.
+ *
+ * Common usage: preliminary interplanetary mission design and launch performance
+ * comparisons (e.g., "available C3" from a launch vehicle).
+ *
+ * @param vInfinity - Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (must be a finite number).
+ * @returns Characteristic energy $ C_3 $ in squared speed units (e.g., (km/s)² or (m/s)²).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `vInfinity` is not a finite number.
+ * @group Orbits
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // v∞ in km/s
+ * const vInf = 3.2;
+ * const c3 = characteristicEnergyC3(vInf);
+ * // c3 === 10.24  // (km/s)²
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_energy
+ */
+export declare const characteristicEnergyC3: (vInfinity: number) => number;
+//# sourceMappingURL=characteristic-energy-c3.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/characteristic-energy-c3.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"characteristic-energy-c3.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/characteristic-energy-c3.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA6BG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,sBAAsB,GAAI,WAAW,MAAM,KAAG,MAQ1D,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/characteristic-energy-c3.js

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **characteristic energy** (C3) from hyperbolic excess speed.
+ *
+ * Characteristic energy is defined as the square of the hyperbolic excess velocity:
+ *
+ * $$
+ * C_3 = v_{\infty}^2
+ * $$
+ *
+ * - If `vInfinity` is in **km/s**, `C3` is in **(km/s)²**.
+ * - If `vInfinity` is in **m/s**, `C3` is in **(m/s)²**.
+ *
+ * Common usage: preliminary interplanetary mission design and launch performance
+ * comparisons (e.g., "available C3" from a launch vehicle).
+ *
+ * @param vInfinity - Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (must be a finite number).
+ * @returns Characteristic energy $ C_3 $ in squared speed units (e.g., (km/s)² or (m/s)²).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `vInfinity` is not a finite number.
+ * @group Orbits
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // v∞ in km/s
+ * const vInf = 3.2;
+ * const c3 = characteristicEnergyC3(vInf);
+ * // c3 === 10.24  // (km/s)²
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_energy
+ */
+export const characteristicEnergyC3 = (vInfinity) => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(vInfinity)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`vInfinity must be a finite number. Received: ${vInfinity}`);
+    }
+    return vInfinity * vInfinity;
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=characteristic-energy-c3.js.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/characteristic-energy-c3.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"characteristic-energy-c3.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/characteristic-energy-c3.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA6BG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,sBAAsB,GAAG,CAAC,SAAiB,EAAU,EAAE;IAClE,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAChC,MAAM,IAAI,SAAS,CACjB,gDAAgD,SAAS,EAAE,CAC5D,CAAC;IACJ,CAAC;IAED,OAAO,SAAS,GAAG,SAAS,CAAC;AAC/B,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/circular-speed.d.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * @example
  * ```ts
  * // LEO ~400 km altitude around Earth
- * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14; // m^3/s^2
+ * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14; // m³/s²
  * const r = 6378e3 + 400e3;       // m
  * const v = circularSpeed(r, muEarth); // ≈ 7670 m/s
  * ```

package/dist/categories/orbits/circular-speed.js

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * @example
  * ```ts
  * // LEO ~400 km altitude around Earth
- * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14; // m^3/s^2
+ * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14; // m³/s²
  * const r = 6378e3 + 400e3;       // m
  * const v = circularSpeed(r, muEarth); // ≈ 7670 m/s
  * ```
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export const circularSpeed = (r, mu) => {
         throw new Error('r must be a finite, positive number (m).');
     }
     if (!Number.isFinite(mu) || mu < 0) {
-        throw new Error('mu must be a finite, non-negative number (m^3/s^2).');
+        throw new Error('mu must be a finite, non-negative number (m³/s²).');
     }
     return Math.sqrt(mu / r);
 };

package/dist/categories/orbits/circular-speed.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"circular-speed.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/orbits/circular-speed.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAuCG;AACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG,CAAC,CAAS,EAAE,EAAU,EAAU,EAAE;IAC7D,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAClC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,0CAA0C,CAAC,CAAC;IAC9D,CAAC;IAED,IAAI,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QACnC,MAAM,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,mDAAmD,CAAC,CAAC;IACvE,CAAC;IAED,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,EAAE,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;AAC3B,CAAC,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/orbits/cw-hill-derivatives.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { CwState, CwStateDerivative } from '@interstellar-tools/types';
+/**
+ * Compute the **time-derivative** of a Clohessy–Wiltshire / Hill relative-motion state
+ * (right-hand side for ODE integration).
+ *
+ * This function is intended to be used with a numerical integrator (RK4, Dormand–Prince, etc.)
+ * to propagate the relative motion of a deputy spacecraft about a chief on a **near-circular**
+ * reference orbit, expressed in the **LVLH** frame:
+ *
+ * - `x`: radial (outward from the central body)
+ * - `y`: along-track (tangential / direction of motion)
+ * - `z`: cross-track (orbit-normal)
+ *
+ * Governing equations (CW/Hill):
+ *
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{x}-2n\dot{y}-3n^2x=0
+ * $$
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{y}+2n\dot{x}=0
+ * $$
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{z}+n^2z=0
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Rearranged into explicit accelerations:
+ *
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{x}=2n\dot{y}+3n^2x,\quad
+ * \ddot{y}=-2n\dot{x},\quad
+ * \ddot{z}=-n^2z
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Input state:
+ * `state = [x, y, z, xDot, yDot, zDot]`
+ *
+ * Output derivative:
+ * `dstate/dt = [xDot, yDot, zDot, xDDot, yDDot, zDDot]`
+ *
+ * Units (consistent):
+ * - Position: m or km
+ * - Velocity: m/s or km/s
+ * - Mean motion `n`: rad/s
+ * - Acceleration: m/s² or km/s²
+ *
+ * @param {CwState} state - CW/Hill state `[x, y, z, xDot, yDot, zDot]` (all finite).
+ * @param {number} n - Mean motion `n` of the reference orbit (finite, >= 0), in **rad/s**.
+ * @returns {CwStateDerivative} Time derivative of `state` as `[xDot, yDot, zDot, xDDot, yDDot, zDDot]`.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `n` or any state component is not finite.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `n < 0`.
+ * @group Orbits
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * import { meanMotion, cwHillDerivatives, type CwState } from "...";
+ *
+ * const mu = 398600.4418;  // km³/s²
+ * const a  = 7000;         // km
+ * const n  = meanMotion(mu, a); // rad/s
+ *
+ * const s: CwState = [100, 0, 0, 0, 0.01, 0];
+ * const ds = cwHillDerivatives(s, n);
+ * // feed ds into your integrator (RK4, etc.)
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare const cwHillDerivatives: (state: CwState, n: number) => CwStateDerivative;
+//# sourceMappingURL=cw-hill-derivatives.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/cw-hill-derivatives.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/cw-hill-derivatives.js

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Compute the **time-derivative** of a Clohessy–Wiltshire / Hill relative-motion state
+ * (right-hand side for ODE integration).
+ *
+ * This function is intended to be used with a numerical integrator (RK4, Dormand–Prince, etc.)
+ * to propagate the relative motion of a deputy spacecraft about a chief on a **near-circular**
+ * reference orbit, expressed in the **LVLH** frame:
+ *
+ * - `x`: radial (outward from the central body)
+ * - `y`: along-track (tangential / direction of motion)
+ * - `z`: cross-track (orbit-normal)
+ *
+ * Governing equations (CW/Hill):
+ *
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{x}-2n\dot{y}-3n^2x=0
+ * $$
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{y}+2n\dot{x}=0
+ * $$
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{z}+n^2z=0
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Rearranged into explicit accelerations:
+ *
+ * $$
+ * \ddot{x}=2n\dot{y}+3n^2x,\quad
+ * \ddot{y}=-2n\dot{x},\quad
+ * \ddot{z}=-n^2z
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Input state:
+ * `state = [x, y, z, xDot, yDot, zDot]`
+ *
+ * Output derivative:
+ * `dstate/dt = [xDot, yDot, zDot, xDDot, yDDot, zDDot]`
+ *
+ * Units (consistent):
+ * - Position: m or km
+ * - Velocity: m/s or km/s
+ * - Mean motion `n`: rad/s
+ * - Acceleration: m/s² or km/s²
+ *
+ * @param {CwState} state - CW/Hill state `[x, y, z, xDot, yDot, zDot]` (all finite).
+ * @param {number} n - Mean motion `n` of the reference orbit (finite, >= 0), in **rad/s**.
+ * @returns {CwStateDerivative} Time derivative of `state` as `[xDot, yDot, zDot, xDDot, yDDot, zDDot]`.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `n` or any state component is not finite.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `n < 0`.
+ * @group Orbits
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * import { meanMotion, cwHillDerivatives, type CwState } from "...";
+ *
+ * const mu = 398600.4418;  // km³/s²
+ * const a  = 7000;         // km
+ * const n  = meanMotion(mu, a); // rad/s
+ *
+ * const s: CwState = [100, 0, 0, 0, 0.01, 0];
+ * const ds = cwHillDerivatives(s, n);
+ * // feed ds into your integrator (RK4, etc.)
+ * ```
+ */
+export const cwHillDerivatives = (state, n) => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(n))
+        throw new TypeError(`n must be finite. Received: ${n}`);
+    if (n < 0)
+        throw new RangeError(`n must be >= 0. Received: ${n}`);
+    const [x, y, z, xDot, yDot, zDot] = state;
+    for (const [name, v] of [
+        ['x', x],
+        ['y', y],
+        ['z', z],
+        ['xDot', xDot],
+        ['yDot', yDot],
+        ['zDot', zDot]
+    ]) {
+        if (!Number.isFinite(v)) {
+            throw new TypeError(`${name} must be finite. Received: ${v}`);
+        }
+    }
+    const n2 = n * n;
+    const xDDot = 2 * n * yDot + 3 * n2 * x;
+    const yDDot = -2 * n * xDot;
+    const zDDot = -n2 * z;
+    return [xDot, yDot, zDot, xDDot, yDDot, zDDot];
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=cw-hill-derivatives.js.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/cw-hill-derivatives.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/escape-speed.d.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * @example
  * ```ts
  * // Near Earth's surface (approx.)
- * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;     // m^3/s^2
+ * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;     // m³/s²
  * const rSurface = 6378e3;            // m
  * const vEsc = escapeSpeed(rSurface, muEarth); // ≈ 11186 m/s
  * ```

package/dist/categories/orbits/escape-speed.js

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * @example
  * ```ts
  * // Near Earth's surface (approx.)
- * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;     // m^3/s^2
+ * const muEarth = 3.986004418e14;     // m³/s²
  * const rSurface = 6378e3;            // m
  * const vEsc = escapeSpeed(rSurface, muEarth); // ≈ 11186 m/s
  * ```
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export const escapeSpeed = (r, mu) => {
         throw new Error('r must be a finite, positive number (m).');
     }
     if (!Number.isFinite(mu) || mu < 0) {
-        throw new Error('mu must be a finite, non-negative number (m^3/s^2).');
+        throw new Error('mu must be a finite, non-negative number (m³/s²).');
     }
     return Math.sqrt((2 * mu) / r);
 };

package/dist/categories/orbits/escape-speed.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **hyperbolic periapsis speed** for a flyby/escape hyperbola.
+ *
+ * Equation:
+ * $$
+ * v_p = \sqrt{v_{\infty}^2 + \frac{2\mu}{r_p}}
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Where:
+ * - $ v_{\infty} $ is the hyperbolic excess speed (m/s or km/s)
+ * - $ \mu $ is the standard gravitational parameter of the central body (m³/s² or km³/s²)
+ * - $ r_p $ is the periapsis radius measured from the body's center (m or km)
+ *
+ * Unit consistency is required:
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in m³/s², then $r_p$ must be in m and speeds are in m/s.
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in km³/s², then $r_p$ must be in km and speeds are in km/s.
+ *
+ * @param vInfinity Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (must be finite, >= 0).
+ * @param mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (must be finite, > 0).
+ * @param rp Periapsis radius $ r_p $ from the central body's center (must be finite, > 0).
+ * @returns Periapsis speed $ v_p $ in the same speed units as `vInfinity`.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not finite.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `vInfinity < 0`, `mu <= 0`, or `rp <= 0`.
+ * @group Orbits
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Earth example (km-based):
+ * // mu = 398600.4418 km³/s², rp ~ 6678 km (LEO-ish), v∞ = 3.2 km/s
+ * const vp = hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed(3.2, 398600.4418, 6678);
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare const hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed: (vInfinity: number, mu: number, rp: number) => number;
+//# sourceMappingURL=hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/orbits/hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* node:coverage disable */
+/**
+ * Compute **hyperbolic periapsis speed** for a flyby/escape hyperbola.
+ *
+ * Equation:
+ * $$
+ * v_p = \sqrt{v_{\infty}^2 + \frac{2\mu}{r_p}}
+ * $$
+ *
+ * Where:
+ * - $ v_{\infty} $ is the hyperbolic excess speed (m/s or km/s)
+ * - $ \mu $ is the standard gravitational parameter of the central body (m³/s² or km³/s²)
+ * - $ r_p $ is the periapsis radius measured from the body's center (m or km)
+ *
+ * Unit consistency is required:
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in m³/s², then $r_p$ must be in m and speeds are in m/s.
+ * - If $ \mu $ is in km³/s², then $r_p$ must be in km and speeds are in km/s.
+ *
+ * @param vInfinity Hyperbolic excess speed $ v_{\infty} $ (must be finite, >= 0).
+ * @param mu Standard gravitational parameter $ \mu $ (must be finite, > 0).
+ * @param rp Periapsis radius $ r_p $ from the central body's center (must be finite, > 0).
+ * @returns Periapsis speed $ v_p $ in the same speed units as `vInfinity`.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not finite.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `vInfinity < 0`, `mu <= 0`, or `rp <= 0`.
+ * @group Orbits
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Earth example (km-based):
+ * // mu = 398600.4418 km³/s², rp ~ 6678 km (LEO-ish), v∞ = 3.2 km/s
+ * const vp = hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed(3.2, 398600.4418, 6678);
+ * ```
+ */
+/* node:coverage enable */
+export const hyperbolicPeriapsisSpeed = (vInfinity, mu, rp) => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(vInfinity)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`vInfinity must be a finite number. Received: ${vInfinity}`);
+    }
+    if (!Number.isFinite(mu)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`mu must be a finite number. Received: ${mu}`);
+    }
+    if (!Number.isFinite(rp)) {
+        throw new TypeError(`rp must be a finite number. Received: ${rp}`);
+    }
+    if (vInfinity < 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`vInfinity must be >= 0. Received: ${vInfinity}`);
+    }
+    if (mu <= 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`mu must be > 0. Received: ${mu}`);
+    }
+    if (rp <= 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`rp must be > 0. Received: ${rp}`);
+    }
+    const term = vInfinity * vInfinity + (2 * mu) / rp;
+    // With valid ranges above, term should be positive, but guard anyway.
+    if (term < 0) {
+        throw new RangeError(`Expression under square root must be >= 0. Computed: ${term}`);
+    }
+    return Math.sqrt(term);
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.js.map

package/dist/categories/orbits/hyperbolic-periapsis-speed.js.map

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