@ikijs/editor 0.18.0 → 0.20.0

package/README.md

@@ -40,19 +40,19 @@ leaves the document untouched.
 
 ## API
 
-| Area               | Exports                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
-| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Document           | `EditorDocument`, `EditCommand`                                                                                                                                                                                   |
-| Part edits         | `AddPart`, `DeletePart`, `SetPartColor`, `SetPartWidth`, `SetPartHeight`, `SetPartOrder`, `SetPartTransform`, `SetPartBindings`, `SetPartMesh`, `SetPartDeformer`                                                 |
-| Deformer edits     | `AddDeformer`, `DeleteDeformer`, `SetDeformerParent`, `SetDeformerTransform`, `SetDeformerBindings`, `SetDeformerPivot` (+ `X`/`Y`), `CaptureGridKeyform`                                                         |
-| Physics edits      | `AddPhysicsRig`, `SetPhysicsRig`, `DeletePhysicsRig`                                                                                                                                                              |
-| Referential guards | `validateDeformerReparent`, `validateDeformerDelete`, `validatePartAttach`                                                                                                                                        |
-| Atlas              | `packAtlas`, `uvRectFor`, `ATLAS_PADDING`, `UV_INSET_PX`                                                                                                                                                          |
-| Grid keyforms      | `computeGridOffsets`, `interpolateGridOffsets`, `upsertGridKeyform`                                                                                                                                               |
-| Factories          | `createDefaultPart`, `createDefaultMatrixDeformer`, `createDefaultWarpDeformer`, `createGridMesh`                                                                                                                 |
-| Pixels             | `detectAlphaBbox`, `ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD`, `AlphaBbox`, `ALPHA_OPAQUE`, `HEAD_BAND`, `SPECK_CORE_FRACTION`, `denseCoreOf`, `isSpeckCore`, `foregroundSpan`, `headHalfOf`                                          |
-| Auto-rig           | `generateIkiFromLayerSet`, `parseLayerRoles`, `partIdsOfRole`, `createLayerSetMeasurer`, `armGeometry`, `ArmGeometry`, `TurnTargets`, `DEFAULT_TURN_TARGETS`, `TurnSolveReport`, `RigStyle`, `LayerGeometryError` |
-| Bindings           | `captureBindingEndpoint`                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| Area               | Exports                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
+| ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Document           | `EditorDocument`, `EditCommand`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| Part edits         | `AddPart`, `DeletePart`, `SetPartColor`, `SetPartWidth`, `SetPartHeight`, `SetPartOrder`, `SetPartTransform`, `SetPartBindings`, `SetPartMesh`, `SetPartDeformer`                                                                                               |
+| Deformer edits     | `AddDeformer`, `DeleteDeformer`, `SetDeformerParent`, `SetDeformerTransform`, `SetDeformerBindings`, `SetDeformerPivot` (+ `X`/`Y`), `CaptureGridKeyform`                                                                                                       |
+| Physics edits      | `AddPhysicsRig`, `SetPhysicsRig`, `DeletePhysicsRig`                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| Referential guards | `validateDeformerReparent`, `validateDeformerDelete`, `validatePartAttach`                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| Atlas              | `packAtlas`, `uvRectFor`, `ATLAS_PADDING`, `UV_INSET_PX`                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| Grid keyforms      | `computeGridOffsets`, `interpolateGridOffsets`, `upsertGridKeyform`                                                                                                                                                                                             |
+| Factories          | `createDefaultPart`, `createDefaultMatrixDeformer`, `createDefaultWarpDeformer`, `createGridMesh`                                                                                                                                                               |
+| Pixels             | `detectAlphaBbox`, `ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD`, `AlphaBbox`, `ALPHA_OPAQUE`, `HEAD_BAND`, `SPECK_CORE_FRACTION`, `denseCoreOf`, `isSpeckCore`, `foregroundSpan`, `headHalfOf`                                                                                        |
+| Auto-rig           | `generateIkiFromLayerSet`, `parseLayerRoles`, `partIdsOfRole`, `createLayerSetMeasurer`, `armGeometry`, `ArmGeometry`, `forearmPoseGeometry`, `ForearmPoseGeometry`, `TurnTargets`, `DEFAULT_TURN_TARGETS`, `TurnSolveReport`, `RigStyle`, `LayerGeometryError` |
+| Bindings           | `captureBindingEndpoint`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
 
 ## Auto-rig
 
@@ -82,9 +82,13 @@ it), the ears lag the face, the far one narrowing. AngleZ rolls the head 14° ab
 A `body` rides a body warp that breathes, follows the head's turn and tilt a
 little and turns on `ParamBodyAngleX/Y/Z`, its legs planted, and the head
 hangs from it. `arm_L` / `arm_R`, each a whole arm drawn hanging with its
-shoulder at the top, hang from it too: each becomes an upper arm and a
-forearm cut from the one crop, turning about the shoulder and the elbow on
-`ParamArmL/R` and `ParamElbowL/R`. An arm needs a `body`.
+shoulder at the top, hang from it too: each becomes an elbow cap, an upper
+arm and a forearm cut from the one crop, turning about the shoulder and the
+elbow on `ParamArmL/R` and `ParamElbowL/R`. An arm needs a `body`.
+`forearm_pose_L` / `forearm_pose_R`, a second forearm drawn raised, swap in for
+the hanging one at the elbow on `ParamArmPoseL/R` and rock on
+`ParamArmPoseAngleL/R`; a model with them also declares a `Wave` motion. A
+pose forearm needs its arm.
 
 On a layer set with a `nose`, `options.turnTargets` — the cues a 30° reference
 measures (how far the eye pair slides, how much the far eye foreshortens,

package/dist/index.d.mts

@@ -713,14 +713,15 @@ interface LayerInput {
     cropH: number;
     /** Face only: half the opaque span of each crop row, canvas px (0 = none). */
     rowHalfWidths?: number[];
-    /** `face` / `hair_front` / `hair_back` / `body` / `arm_L` / `arm_R` only:
+    /** `face` / `hair_front` / `hair_back` / `body` / `arm_L` / `arm_R` /
+     *  `forearm_pose_L` / `forearm_pose_R` only:
      *  per crop row, its opaque (alpha ≥ 128) runs as a flat list of canvas
      *  columns `[start0, end0, start1, end1, …]`, each end exclusive (`[]` for a
      *  row with none). The actual pixels, so a gap in the hair is a gap here:
      *  the turn and the nod read off it where back hair is painted behind the
      *  front hair, and the crown's turn reads the face's so it never bares skin.
      *  The body's place the hips (where it splits into legs), and an arm's place
-     *  its shoulder and elbow pivots. */
+     *  its shoulder and elbow pivots, a pose forearm's its elbow-end pivot. */
     rowRuns?: number[][];
     /** Nose only: the tight box of its alpha ≥ 128 pixels, canvas px. */
     denseCore?: {
@@ -857,31 +858,43 @@ interface GenerateOptions {
 
 /**
  * The arms. Each `arm_L` / `arm_R` layer is one drawing of the whole arm,
- * hanging, its shoulder at the top. It becomes two parts on two nested matrix
- * deformers hung from the body warp:
+ * hanging, its shoulder at the top. It becomes three parts on two nested
+ * matrix deformers hung from the body warp:
  * - the upper arm (the role's own id) on `armDeformer_X`, which turns about
  *   the shoulder, the deltoid cap's centre;
  * - the forearm (`forearm_X`) on `forearmDeformer_X`, a child of the arm's,
- *   which turns about the elbow.
+ *   which turns about the elbow;
+ * - the elbow cap (`elbow_X`), also on `forearmDeformer_X`, drawn behind the
+ *   upper arm.
  * The shoulder pivot rides an all-weight-1 cell of the body warp (`body.ts`),
  * so the arm breathes and turns with the chest rigidly, never sheared.
  *
- * Both parts are cut from the one crop: they share its box, transform and
- * texture rect, and their meshes meet on the seam, the elbow pivot's row. The
- * upper arm is the band above the seam. The forearm is the band below it plus
- * a half-disc fan above it, centred on the elbow pivot. Iki has no glue
- * between meshes, and two bands hinged at a seam open a wedge as wide as the
- * arm on a bend; the half-disc turns about its own centre, so it rotates into
- * itself and keeps the joint covered at any bend.
+ * All three parts are cut from the one crop: they share its box, transform
+ * and texture rect. The upper arm is the band above the seam, the elbow
+ * pivot's row; the forearm is the band below it. Iki has no glue between
+ * meshes, and two bands hinged at a seam open a wedge as wide as the arm on a
+ * bend. The cap fills it: a half-disc fan centred on the elbow pivot turns
+ * about its own centre, so it rotates into itself and keeps the joint covered
+ * at any bend.
  *
- * Draw order: hair_back < body < arm_L, forearm_L, arm_R, forearm_R < face …
- * < hair_front. The forearm draws over the upper arm, so its cap hides the
- * seam.
+ * Behind the upper arm, the cap shows only where the forearm's bend uncovers
+ * it, so it must lie inside the paint at rest, or its edge would show past
+ * the arm's. Its boundary is therefore the arm's own contour, not a circle:
+ * `armGeometry` walks each of the fan's 13 rays out from the elbow to the
+ * contour (`capRays`). A ring at the boundary, `CAP_RIM` wide, takes the UVs
+ * of the seam row's edge cross-section swept round the arc, so the exposed
+ * wedge carries the painted line, fading out in the antialias column as the
+ * painted edge does; the fan inside it is the crop's own pixels.
  *
- * Signs: ParamArmX + raises the arm outward on either side and ParamElbowX +
- * turns the forearm the same way, both in degrees 1:1. A rotation is
- * CCW-positive, so an arm whose shoulder lies right of the body's axis (+x,
- * the character's left) turns CCW for +, and one at −x turns CW.
+ * Draw order: hair_back < body < elbow_L, arm_L, forearm_L, elbow_R, arm_R,
+ * forearm_R < face … < hair_front. The forearm draws over the upper arm,
+ * which draws over the cap.
+ *
+ * Signs: ParamArmX + raises the arm outward on either side, in degrees 1:1.
+ * A rotation is CCW-positive, so an arm whose shoulder lies right of the
+ * body's axis (+x, the character's left) turns CCW for +, and one at −x turns
+ * CW. ParamElbowX + bends the forearm toward the body, the opposite turn to
+ * the shoulder's +: it turns CW on the +x side, CCW on the −x side.
  */
 
 type Point = {
@@ -895,8 +908,14 @@ interface ArmGeometry {
     shoulderRadius: number;
     /** The elbow pivot, model space. Its y is the seam the two meshes meet on. */
     elbow: Point;
-    /** The forearm's half-disc radius, px. */
+    /** The elbow cap's largest radius, px. */
     capRadius: number;
+    /** The cap's radius on each of its `CAP_SEGMENTS + 1` rays, from the elbow
+     *  at angles 0..π, px: the walk out to the contour, less `capInset`, at
+     *  most `capRadius`. */
+    capRays: number[];
+    /** The seam row's widest run, crop columns [start, end). */
+    seamRun: [number, number];
     /** +1 for a shoulder right of the body's axis (+ turns CCW), −1 left of it
      *  (+ turns CW). */
     side: 1 | -1;
@@ -905,12 +924,17 @@ interface ArmGeometry {
  * The arm's pivots, read off the widest opaque run of each crop row
  * (`rowRuns`); a row without one, or a layer without runs, reads as the
  * crop:
- * - r_u is half the median width over the `CAP_ROWS` rows;
- * - the shoulder pivot lies r_u under the first painted row's centre, at the
- *   run centre of the row it lands in;
+ * - the shoulder pivot and r_u are `endPivot(layer, "top")`: r_u is half the
+ *   median width over the `CAP_ROWS` rows, the pivot lies r_u under the first
+ *   painted row's centre, at the run centre of the row it lands in;
  * - the elbow is the centre of the row `ELBOW_AT` of the way from there to
  *   the last painted row, at its run centre;
- * - the cap radius is half the elbow's run + 1 px, kept inside the crop.
+ * - the cap radius is half the elbow's run + 1 px, kept inside the crop;
+ * - each cap ray walks 1 px at a time from the elbow until it leaves the
+ *   widest run of the crop row it is in (strictly inside: `start < x < end`,
+ *   on canvas columns, the row the floor of the canvas y), then stops
+ *   `capInset(i)` short of that exit (none on the two seam-end rays, 2 px on
+ *   the next, `CAP_INSET` on the rest), and at `capRadius`.
  * Pivots are on the 0.01 grid, as the written model is. `bodyAxisX` is the
  * body's axis, model x: the shoulder's side of it sets the sign. An arm too
  * short for its width to put the elbow under the shoulder would rig
@@ -918,13 +942,59 @@ interface ArmGeometry {
  */
 declare function armGeometry(layer: LayerInput, bodyAxisX: number): ArmGeometry;
 
+/**
+ * The pose forearm. A second drawn forearm per side (`forearm_pose_L` /
+ * `forearm_pose_R`), drawn raised: it hangs from the arm's elbow and is
+ * swapped in for the hanging forearm by a switch.
+ * - One part, the role's own id, over its crop's box on `armPoseDeformer_X`,
+ *   a child of `armDeformer_X` pivoting at the arm's elbow. It is not a child
+ *   of `forearmDeformer_X`, so `ParamElbowX` never moves it, and the shoulder
+ *   still carries it.
+ * - `ParamArmPoseX` (0..1) swaps: the hanging forearm and the elbow cap fade
+ *   out on it, 1 to 0 (`armParts`), the pose forearm fades in, 0 to 1. The
+ *   pair is exclusive by construction, and between the ends both show at
+ *   partial opacity. The part has no mesh: the engine draws a meshless part
+ *   as its full-box quad with its texture rect, and a rigid part needs no
+ *   more.
+ * - `ParamArmPoseAngleX` rocks it about the elbow, in degrees over
+ *   `POSE_ANGLE_RANGE`. + tips the raised hand outward, away from the body,
+ *   mirrored per side. The part points up from its pivot where the hanging
+ *   forearm points down, so its rotate binding takes −side × the value; the
+ *   elbow's multiplier is the same −side, which gives the shoulder's reading.
+ * The composer puts the drawing's elbow end on the pivot (`measure` warns
+ * when it is off), so the rig does not use the crop's own pivot
+ * (`forearmPoseGeometry`).
+ *
+ * It draws after the hair, above the face and the front hair: a raised hand
+ * passes them (`ROLE_TABLE`).
+ */
+
+interface ForearmPoseGeometry {
+    /** The elbow end's pivot, model space: where the drawing's elbow end is
+     *  centred. */
+    pivot: {
+        x: number;
+        y: number;
+    };
+    /** r_e: half the elbow end's width, px. */
+    radius: number;
+    /** The first painted row's model y: the raised hand's top. */
+    top: number;
+}
+/**
+ * The pose forearm's own geometry: the shoulder rule run from the bottom
+ * (`endPivot`), since it is drawn standing up from its elbow, plus the top of
+ * the paint.
+ */
+declare function forearmPoseGeometry(layer: LayerInput): ForearmPoseGeometry;
+
 /** The part ids a `role`'s layer becomes, back to front: every one of them
  *  takes its texture from the layer's crop. Throws on an unknown role. */
 declare function partIdsOfRole(role: string): readonly string[];
 /**
  * Map file names to roles. Throws on an unknown role, a role named twice, a
- * required role (`face`, `eye_L`, `eye_R`, `mouth`) missing, or an arm
- * without a body.
+ * required role (`face`, `eye_L`, `eye_R`, `mouth`) missing, an arm without a
+ * body, or a pose forearm without its arm.
  */
 declare function parseLayerRoles(fileNames: string[]): {
     role: string;
@@ -938,16 +1008,17 @@ declare function parseLayerRoles(fileNames: string[]): {
  * (`body.ts`) that breathes, follows the head's turn and tilt a little and
  * turns on BodyAngleX/Y/Z, its legs planted; a head deformer hung from it
  * that rolls about the chin and breathes; each arm hung from it too, as an
- * upper arm and a forearm turning about the shoulder and the elbow
- * (`arms.ts`); one small warp grid per feature
+ * upper arm, a forearm and an elbow cap turning about the shoulder and the
+ * elbow (`arms.ts`), and with a drawn pose forearm a switch that swaps it in
+ * for the hanging one (`forearm-pose.ts`); one small warp grid per feature
  * (each eye, each brow, the nose, the mouth), translating and foreshortening
  * it by its own lead over the plate; and the plate, the hair and the blush
  * moved by per-vertex keyforms of their own — the plate as up to four
  * islands of one drawing: a head that slides, a neck that stays on the torso
  * and two ears that lag. Blink, gaze, brows, mouth, breath and
  * hair sway are part warps and bindings under those. The model also declares
- * the default expressions and the Nod, Shake and Tilt motions
- * (`animations.ts`).
+ * the default expressions and the Nod, Shake and Tilt motions, and
+ * with a pose forearm the Wave (`animations.ts`).
  */
 
 declare function generateIkiFromLayerSet(layers: LayerInput[], canvas: {
@@ -1083,11 +1154,12 @@ interface RgbaLayer {
 interface LayerSetMeasurer {
     /**
      * Measure one layer while its `rgba` is in memory, keeping no reference to
-     * it: only the set's opaque union, this layer's per-row opaque extent and
+     * it: only the set's opaque union (a pose forearm, hidden at rest, stays out
+     * of it and of the per-role edges), this layer's per-row opaque extent and
      * the `LayerInput` it returns outlive the call, so the host may drop `rgba`
      * as soon as it returns. Returns the layer's `LayerInput` — its crop
-     * box, the face's `rowHalfWidths`, the face's, hair layers', body's and
-     * arms' `rowRuns`, the nose's
+     * box, the face's `rowHalfWidths`, the face's, hair layers', body's, arms'
+     * and pose forearms' `rowRuns`, the nose's
      * `denseCore` unless that is a speck of its crop (`isSpeckCore`) — or
      * `null` for an empty layer, one with no pixel at or above
      * `ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD`, which it records nothing for: the host reports
@@ -1344,4 +1416,4 @@ declare function createGridMesh(cols: number, rows: number): IkiMesh;
  */
 declare function createDefaultWarpDeformer(model: IkiModel): IkiWarpDeformer;
 
-export { ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD, ALPHA_OPAQUE, ATLAS_PADDING, AddDeformer, AddPart, AddPhysicsRig, type AlphaBbox, type ApplyAtlasInput, type ArmGeometry, type AtlasAssignment, type AtlasLayout, type AtlasPlacement, type AtlasSource, CaptureGridKeyform, DEFAULT_TURN_TARGETS, type DeformerTransformChannel, DeleteDeformer, DeletePart, DeletePhysicsRig, type EditCommand, type EditTransformChannel, EditorDocument, HEAD_BAND, type IrisStrand, LayerGeometryError, type LayerInput, type LayerSetMeasurement, type LayerSetMeasurer, type RgbaLayer, type RigStyle, SPECK_CORE_FRACTION, SetDeformerBindings, SetDeformerParent, SetDeformerPivot, SetDeformerPivotX, SetDeformerPivotY, SetDeformerTransform, SetPartBindings, SetPartColor, SetPartDeformer, SetPartHeight, SetPartMesh, SetPartOrder, SetPartTransform, SetPartWidth, SetPhysicsRig, type StrandOverlap, type TurnDepths, type TurnSolveReport, TurnTargetError, type TurnTargets, UV_INSET_PX, armGeometry, captureBindingEndpoint, computeGridOffsets, createDefaultMatrixDeformer, createDefaultPart, createDefaultWarpDeformer, createGridMesh, createLayerSetMeasurer, denseCoreOf, detectAlphaBbox, foregroundSpan, generateIkiFromLayerSet, headHalfOf, interpolateGridOffsets, isSpeckCore, packAtlas, parseLayerRoles, partIdsOfRole, upsertGridKeyform, uvRectFor, validateDeformerDelete, validateDeformerReparent, validatePartAttach };
+export { ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD, ALPHA_OPAQUE, ATLAS_PADDING, AddDeformer, AddPart, AddPhysicsRig, type AlphaBbox, type ApplyAtlasInput, type ArmGeometry, type AtlasAssignment, type AtlasLayout, type AtlasPlacement, type AtlasSource, CaptureGridKeyform, DEFAULT_TURN_TARGETS, type DeformerTransformChannel, DeleteDeformer, DeletePart, DeletePhysicsRig, type EditCommand, type EditTransformChannel, EditorDocument, type ForearmPoseGeometry, HEAD_BAND, type IrisStrand, LayerGeometryError, type LayerInput, type LayerSetMeasurement, type LayerSetMeasurer, type RgbaLayer, type RigStyle, SPECK_CORE_FRACTION, SetDeformerBindings, SetDeformerParent, SetDeformerPivot, SetDeformerPivotX, SetDeformerPivotY, SetDeformerTransform, SetPartBindings, SetPartColor, SetPartDeformer, SetPartHeight, SetPartMesh, SetPartOrder, SetPartTransform, SetPartWidth, SetPhysicsRig, type StrandOverlap, type TurnDepths, type TurnSolveReport, TurnTargetError, type TurnTargets, UV_INSET_PX, armGeometry, captureBindingEndpoint, computeGridOffsets, createDefaultMatrixDeformer, createDefaultPart, createDefaultWarpDeformer, createGridMesh, createLayerSetMeasurer, denseCoreOf, detectAlphaBbox, forearmPoseGeometry, foregroundSpan, generateIkiFromLayerSet, headHalfOf, interpolateGridOffsets, isSpeckCore, packAtlas, parseLayerRoles, partIdsOfRole, upsertGridKeyform, uvRectFor, validateDeformerDelete, validateDeformerReparent, validatePartAttach };

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -713,14 +713,15 @@ interface LayerInput {
     cropH: number;
     /** Face only: half the opaque span of each crop row, canvas px (0 = none). */
     rowHalfWidths?: number[];
-    /** `face` / `hair_front` / `hair_back` / `body` / `arm_L` / `arm_R` only:
+    /** `face` / `hair_front` / `hair_back` / `body` / `arm_L` / `arm_R` /
+     *  `forearm_pose_L` / `forearm_pose_R` only:
      *  per crop row, its opaque (alpha ≥ 128) runs as a flat list of canvas
      *  columns `[start0, end0, start1, end1, …]`, each end exclusive (`[]` for a
      *  row with none). The actual pixels, so a gap in the hair is a gap here:
      *  the turn and the nod read off it where back hair is painted behind the
      *  front hair, and the crown's turn reads the face's so it never bares skin.
      *  The body's place the hips (where it splits into legs), and an arm's place
-     *  its shoulder and elbow pivots. */
+     *  its shoulder and elbow pivots, a pose forearm's its elbow-end pivot. */
     rowRuns?: number[][];
     /** Nose only: the tight box of its alpha ≥ 128 pixels, canvas px. */
     denseCore?: {
@@ -857,31 +858,43 @@ interface GenerateOptions {
 
 /**
  * The arms. Each `arm_L` / `arm_R` layer is one drawing of the whole arm,
- * hanging, its shoulder at the top. It becomes two parts on two nested matrix
- * deformers hung from the body warp:
+ * hanging, its shoulder at the top. It becomes three parts on two nested
+ * matrix deformers hung from the body warp:
  * - the upper arm (the role's own id) on `armDeformer_X`, which turns about
  *   the shoulder, the deltoid cap's centre;
  * - the forearm (`forearm_X`) on `forearmDeformer_X`, a child of the arm's,
- *   which turns about the elbow.
+ *   which turns about the elbow;
+ * - the elbow cap (`elbow_X`), also on `forearmDeformer_X`, drawn behind the
+ *   upper arm.
  * The shoulder pivot rides an all-weight-1 cell of the body warp (`body.ts`),
  * so the arm breathes and turns with the chest rigidly, never sheared.
  *
- * Both parts are cut from the one crop: they share its box, transform and
- * texture rect, and their meshes meet on the seam, the elbow pivot's row. The
- * upper arm is the band above the seam. The forearm is the band below it plus
- * a half-disc fan above it, centred on the elbow pivot. Iki has no glue
- * between meshes, and two bands hinged at a seam open a wedge as wide as the
- * arm on a bend; the half-disc turns about its own centre, so it rotates into
- * itself and keeps the joint covered at any bend.
+ * All three parts are cut from the one crop: they share its box, transform
+ * and texture rect. The upper arm is the band above the seam, the elbow
+ * pivot's row; the forearm is the band below it. Iki has no glue between
+ * meshes, and two bands hinged at a seam open a wedge as wide as the arm on a
+ * bend. The cap fills it: a half-disc fan centred on the elbow pivot turns
+ * about its own centre, so it rotates into itself and keeps the joint covered
+ * at any bend.
  *
- * Draw order: hair_back < body < arm_L, forearm_L, arm_R, forearm_R < face …
- * < hair_front. The forearm draws over the upper arm, so its cap hides the
- * seam.
+ * Behind the upper arm, the cap shows only where the forearm's bend uncovers
+ * it, so it must lie inside the paint at rest, or its edge would show past
+ * the arm's. Its boundary is therefore the arm's own contour, not a circle:
+ * `armGeometry` walks each of the fan's 13 rays out from the elbow to the
+ * contour (`capRays`). A ring at the boundary, `CAP_RIM` wide, takes the UVs
+ * of the seam row's edge cross-section swept round the arc, so the exposed
+ * wedge carries the painted line, fading out in the antialias column as the
+ * painted edge does; the fan inside it is the crop's own pixels.
  *
- * Signs: ParamArmX + raises the arm outward on either side and ParamElbowX +
- * turns the forearm the same way, both in degrees 1:1. A rotation is
- * CCW-positive, so an arm whose shoulder lies right of the body's axis (+x,
- * the character's left) turns CCW for +, and one at −x turns CW.
+ * Draw order: hair_back < body < elbow_L, arm_L, forearm_L, elbow_R, arm_R,
+ * forearm_R < face … < hair_front. The forearm draws over the upper arm,
+ * which draws over the cap.
+ *
+ * Signs: ParamArmX + raises the arm outward on either side, in degrees 1:1.
+ * A rotation is CCW-positive, so an arm whose shoulder lies right of the
+ * body's axis (+x, the character's left) turns CCW for +, and one at −x turns
+ * CW. ParamElbowX + bends the forearm toward the body, the opposite turn to
+ * the shoulder's +: it turns CW on the +x side, CCW on the −x side.
  */
 
 type Point = {
@@ -895,8 +908,14 @@ interface ArmGeometry {
     shoulderRadius: number;
     /** The elbow pivot, model space. Its y is the seam the two meshes meet on. */
     elbow: Point;
-    /** The forearm's half-disc radius, px. */
+    /** The elbow cap's largest radius, px. */
     capRadius: number;
+    /** The cap's radius on each of its `CAP_SEGMENTS + 1` rays, from the elbow
+     *  at angles 0..π, px: the walk out to the contour, less `capInset`, at
+     *  most `capRadius`. */
+    capRays: number[];
+    /** The seam row's widest run, crop columns [start, end). */
+    seamRun: [number, number];
     /** +1 for a shoulder right of the body's axis (+ turns CCW), −1 left of it
      *  (+ turns CW). */
     side: 1 | -1;
@@ -905,12 +924,17 @@ interface ArmGeometry {
  * The arm's pivots, read off the widest opaque run of each crop row
  * (`rowRuns`); a row without one, or a layer without runs, reads as the
  * crop:
- * - r_u is half the median width over the `CAP_ROWS` rows;
- * - the shoulder pivot lies r_u under the first painted row's centre, at the
- *   run centre of the row it lands in;
+ * - the shoulder pivot and r_u are `endPivot(layer, "top")`: r_u is half the
+ *   median width over the `CAP_ROWS` rows, the pivot lies r_u under the first
+ *   painted row's centre, at the run centre of the row it lands in;
  * - the elbow is the centre of the row `ELBOW_AT` of the way from there to
  *   the last painted row, at its run centre;
- * - the cap radius is half the elbow's run + 1 px, kept inside the crop.
+ * - the cap radius is half the elbow's run + 1 px, kept inside the crop;
+ * - each cap ray walks 1 px at a time from the elbow until it leaves the
+ *   widest run of the crop row it is in (strictly inside: `start < x < end`,
+ *   on canvas columns, the row the floor of the canvas y), then stops
+ *   `capInset(i)` short of that exit (none on the two seam-end rays, 2 px on
+ *   the next, `CAP_INSET` on the rest), and at `capRadius`.
  * Pivots are on the 0.01 grid, as the written model is. `bodyAxisX` is the
  * body's axis, model x: the shoulder's side of it sets the sign. An arm too
  * short for its width to put the elbow under the shoulder would rig
@@ -918,13 +942,59 @@ interface ArmGeometry {
  */
 declare function armGeometry(layer: LayerInput, bodyAxisX: number): ArmGeometry;
 
+/**
+ * The pose forearm. A second drawn forearm per side (`forearm_pose_L` /
+ * `forearm_pose_R`), drawn raised: it hangs from the arm's elbow and is
+ * swapped in for the hanging forearm by a switch.
+ * - One part, the role's own id, over its crop's box on `armPoseDeformer_X`,
+ *   a child of `armDeformer_X` pivoting at the arm's elbow. It is not a child
+ *   of `forearmDeformer_X`, so `ParamElbowX` never moves it, and the shoulder
+ *   still carries it.
+ * - `ParamArmPoseX` (0..1) swaps: the hanging forearm and the elbow cap fade
+ *   out on it, 1 to 0 (`armParts`), the pose forearm fades in, 0 to 1. The
+ *   pair is exclusive by construction, and between the ends both show at
+ *   partial opacity. The part has no mesh: the engine draws a meshless part
+ *   as its full-box quad with its texture rect, and a rigid part needs no
+ *   more.
+ * - `ParamArmPoseAngleX` rocks it about the elbow, in degrees over
+ *   `POSE_ANGLE_RANGE`. + tips the raised hand outward, away from the body,
+ *   mirrored per side. The part points up from its pivot where the hanging
+ *   forearm points down, so its rotate binding takes −side × the value; the
+ *   elbow's multiplier is the same −side, which gives the shoulder's reading.
+ * The composer puts the drawing's elbow end on the pivot (`measure` warns
+ * when it is off), so the rig does not use the crop's own pivot
+ * (`forearmPoseGeometry`).
+ *
+ * It draws after the hair, above the face and the front hair: a raised hand
+ * passes them (`ROLE_TABLE`).
+ */
+
+interface ForearmPoseGeometry {
+    /** The elbow end's pivot, model space: where the drawing's elbow end is
+     *  centred. */
+    pivot: {
+        x: number;
+        y: number;
+    };
+    /** r_e: half the elbow end's width, px. */
+    radius: number;
+    /** The first painted row's model y: the raised hand's top. */
+    top: number;
+}
+/**
+ * The pose forearm's own geometry: the shoulder rule run from the bottom
+ * (`endPivot`), since it is drawn standing up from its elbow, plus the top of
+ * the paint.
+ */
+declare function forearmPoseGeometry(layer: LayerInput): ForearmPoseGeometry;
+
 /** The part ids a `role`'s layer becomes, back to front: every one of them
  *  takes its texture from the layer's crop. Throws on an unknown role. */
 declare function partIdsOfRole(role: string): readonly string[];
 /**
  * Map file names to roles. Throws on an unknown role, a role named twice, a
- * required role (`face`, `eye_L`, `eye_R`, `mouth`) missing, or an arm
- * without a body.
+ * required role (`face`, `eye_L`, `eye_R`, `mouth`) missing, an arm without a
+ * body, or a pose forearm without its arm.
  */
 declare function parseLayerRoles(fileNames: string[]): {
     role: string;
@@ -938,16 +1008,17 @@ declare function parseLayerRoles(fileNames: string[]): {
  * (`body.ts`) that breathes, follows the head's turn and tilt a little and
  * turns on BodyAngleX/Y/Z, its legs planted; a head deformer hung from it
  * that rolls about the chin and breathes; each arm hung from it too, as an
- * upper arm and a forearm turning about the shoulder and the elbow
- * (`arms.ts`); one small warp grid per feature
+ * upper arm, a forearm and an elbow cap turning about the shoulder and the
+ * elbow (`arms.ts`), and with a drawn pose forearm a switch that swaps it in
+ * for the hanging one (`forearm-pose.ts`); one small warp grid per feature
  * (each eye, each brow, the nose, the mouth), translating and foreshortening
  * it by its own lead over the plate; and the plate, the hair and the blush
  * moved by per-vertex keyforms of their own — the plate as up to four
  * islands of one drawing: a head that slides, a neck that stays on the torso
  * and two ears that lag. Blink, gaze, brows, mouth, breath and
  * hair sway are part warps and bindings under those. The model also declares
- * the default expressions and the Nod, Shake and Tilt motions
- * (`animations.ts`).
+ * the default expressions and the Nod, Shake and Tilt motions, and
+ * with a pose forearm the Wave (`animations.ts`).
  */
 
 declare function generateIkiFromLayerSet(layers: LayerInput[], canvas: {
@@ -1083,11 +1154,12 @@ interface RgbaLayer {
 interface LayerSetMeasurer {
     /**
      * Measure one layer while its `rgba` is in memory, keeping no reference to
-     * it: only the set's opaque union, this layer's per-row opaque extent and
+     * it: only the set's opaque union (a pose forearm, hidden at rest, stays out
+     * of it and of the per-role edges), this layer's per-row opaque extent and
      * the `LayerInput` it returns outlive the call, so the host may drop `rgba`
      * as soon as it returns. Returns the layer's `LayerInput` — its crop
-     * box, the face's `rowHalfWidths`, the face's, hair layers', body's and
-     * arms' `rowRuns`, the nose's
+     * box, the face's `rowHalfWidths`, the face's, hair layers', body's, arms'
+     * and pose forearms' `rowRuns`, the nose's
      * `denseCore` unless that is a speck of its crop (`isSpeckCore`) — or
      * `null` for an empty layer, one with no pixel at or above
      * `ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD`, which it records nothing for: the host reports
@@ -1344,4 +1416,4 @@ declare function createGridMesh(cols: number, rows: number): IkiMesh;
  */
 declare function createDefaultWarpDeformer(model: IkiModel): IkiWarpDeformer;
 
-export { ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD, ALPHA_OPAQUE, ATLAS_PADDING, AddDeformer, AddPart, AddPhysicsRig, type AlphaBbox, type ApplyAtlasInput, type ArmGeometry, type AtlasAssignment, type AtlasLayout, type AtlasPlacement, type AtlasSource, CaptureGridKeyform, DEFAULT_TURN_TARGETS, type DeformerTransformChannel, DeleteDeformer, DeletePart, DeletePhysicsRig, type EditCommand, type EditTransformChannel, EditorDocument, HEAD_BAND, type IrisStrand, LayerGeometryError, type LayerInput, type LayerSetMeasurement, type LayerSetMeasurer, type RgbaLayer, type RigStyle, SPECK_CORE_FRACTION, SetDeformerBindings, SetDeformerParent, SetDeformerPivot, SetDeformerPivotX, SetDeformerPivotY, SetDeformerTransform, SetPartBindings, SetPartColor, SetPartDeformer, SetPartHeight, SetPartMesh, SetPartOrder, SetPartTransform, SetPartWidth, SetPhysicsRig, type StrandOverlap, type TurnDepths, type TurnSolveReport, TurnTargetError, type TurnTargets, UV_INSET_PX, armGeometry, captureBindingEndpoint, computeGridOffsets, createDefaultMatrixDeformer, createDefaultPart, createDefaultWarpDeformer, createGridMesh, createLayerSetMeasurer, denseCoreOf, detectAlphaBbox, foregroundSpan, generateIkiFromLayerSet, headHalfOf, interpolateGridOffsets, isSpeckCore, packAtlas, parseLayerRoles, partIdsOfRole, upsertGridKeyform, uvRectFor, validateDeformerDelete, validateDeformerReparent, validatePartAttach };
+export { ALPHA_BBOX_THRESHOLD, ALPHA_OPAQUE, ATLAS_PADDING, AddDeformer, AddPart, AddPhysicsRig, type AlphaBbox, type ApplyAtlasInput, type ArmGeometry, type AtlasAssignment, type AtlasLayout, type AtlasPlacement, type AtlasSource, CaptureGridKeyform, DEFAULT_TURN_TARGETS, type DeformerTransformChannel, DeleteDeformer, DeletePart, DeletePhysicsRig, type EditCommand, type EditTransformChannel, EditorDocument, type ForearmPoseGeometry, HEAD_BAND, type IrisStrand, LayerGeometryError, type LayerInput, type LayerSetMeasurement, type LayerSetMeasurer, type RgbaLayer, type RigStyle, SPECK_CORE_FRACTION, SetDeformerBindings, SetDeformerParent, SetDeformerPivot, SetDeformerPivotX, SetDeformerPivotY, SetDeformerTransform, SetPartBindings, SetPartColor, SetPartDeformer, SetPartHeight, SetPartMesh, SetPartOrder, SetPartTransform, SetPartWidth, SetPhysicsRig, type StrandOverlap, type TurnDepths, type TurnSolveReport, TurnTargetError, type TurnTargets, UV_INSET_PX, armGeometry, captureBindingEndpoint, computeGridOffsets, createDefaultMatrixDeformer, createDefaultPart, createDefaultWarpDeformer, createGridMesh, createLayerSetMeasurer, denseCoreOf, detectAlphaBbox, forearmPoseGeometry, foregroundSpan, generateIkiFromLayerSet, headHalfOf, interpolateGridOffsets, isSpeckCore, packAtlas, parseLayerRoles, partIdsOfRole, upsertGridKeyform, uvRectFor, validateDeformerDelete, validateDeformerReparent, validatePartAttach };