@hyperframes/engine 0.4.6 → 0.4.7

package/src/utils/alphaBlit.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,993 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { deflateSync } from "zlib";
+import {
+  decodePng,
+  decodePngToRgb48le,
+  blitRgba8OverRgb48le,
+  blitRgb48leRegion,
+  blitRgb48leAffine,
+  parseTransformMatrix,
+  roundedRectAlpha,
+} from "./alphaBlit.js";
+
+// ── PNG construction helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function uint32BE(n: number): Buffer {
+  const b = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4);
+  b.writeUInt32BE(n, 0);
+  return b;
+}
+
+function crc32(data: Buffer): number {
+  let crc = 0xffffffff;
+  const table = crc32Table();
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+    crc = (table[(crc ^ (data[i] ?? 0)) & 0xff] ?? 0) ^ (crc >>> 8);
+  }
+  return (crc ^ 0xffffffff) >>> 0;
+}
+
+let _crcTable: Uint32Array | undefined;
+function crc32Table(): Uint32Array {
+  if (_crcTable) return _crcTable;
+  const t = new Uint32Array(256);
+  for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+    let c = i;
+    for (let k = 0; k < 8; k++) c = c & 1 ? 0xedb88320 ^ (c >>> 1) : c >>> 1;
+    t[i] = c;
+  }
+  _crcTable = t;
+  return t;
+}
+
+function makeChunk(type: string, data: Buffer): Buffer {
+  const typeBuffer = Buffer.from(type, "ascii");
+  const crcInput = Buffer.concat([typeBuffer, data]);
+  const crcBuf = uint32BE(crc32(crcInput));
+  return Buffer.concat([uint32BE(data.length), typeBuffer, data, crcBuf]);
+}
+
+const PNG_SIG = Buffer.from([137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10]);
+
+/**
+ * Build a minimal RGBA PNG for testing.
+ * pixels: flat RGBA array (row-major, 8-bit per channel)
+ */
+function makePng(width: number, height: number, pixels: number[]): Buffer {
+  // IHDR
+  const ihdr = Buffer.allocUnsafe(13);
+  ihdr.writeUInt32BE(width, 0);
+  ihdr.writeUInt32BE(height, 4);
+  ihdr[8] = 8; // bit depth
+  ihdr[9] = 6; // color type RGBA
+  ihdr[10] = 0; // compression
+  ihdr[11] = 0; // filter method
+  ihdr[12] = 0; // interlace none
+
+  // Raw scanlines with filter byte 0 (None)
+  const scanlines: number[] = [];
+  for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    scanlines.push(0); // filter type None
+    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      const i = (y * width + x) * 4;
+      scanlines.push(pixels[i] ?? 0, pixels[i + 1] ?? 0, pixels[i + 2] ?? 0, pixels[i + 3] ?? 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const idatData = deflateSync(Buffer.from(scanlines));
+
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    PNG_SIG,
+    makeChunk("IHDR", ihdr),
+    makeChunk("IDAT", idatData),
+    makeChunk("IEND", Buffer.alloc(0)),
+  ]);
+}
+
+// ── decodePng tests ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("decodePng", () => {
+  it("decodes a 1x1 RGBA PNG correctly", () => {
+    // RGBA: red pixel, full opacity
+    const png = makePng(1, 1, [255, 0, 0, 255]);
+    const { width, height, data } = decodePng(png);
+    expect(width).toBe(1);
+    expect(height).toBe(1);
+    expect(data[0]).toBe(255); // R
+    expect(data[1]).toBe(0); // G
+    expect(data[2]).toBe(0); // B
+    expect(data[3]).toBe(255); // A
+  });
+
+  it("decodes a 2x2 RGBA PNG with multiple pixels", () => {
+    // TL=red, TR=green, BL=blue, BR=white (all full opacity)
+    const pixels = [
+      255,
+      0,
+      0,
+      255, // TL red
+      0,
+      255,
+      0,
+      255, // TR green
+      0,
+      0,
+      255,
+      255, // BL blue
+      255,
+      255,
+      255,
+      255, // BR white
+    ];
+    const png = makePng(2, 2, pixels);
+    const { width, height, data } = decodePng(png);
+    expect(width).toBe(2);
+    expect(height).toBe(2);
+
+    // Top-left: red
+    expect(data[0]).toBe(255);
+    expect(data[1]).toBe(0);
+    expect(data[2]).toBe(0);
+    expect(data[3]).toBe(255);
+
+    // Bottom-right: white
+    expect(data[12]).toBe(255);
+    expect(data[13]).toBe(255);
+    expect(data[14]).toBe(255);
+    expect(data[15]).toBe(255);
+  });
+
+  it("decodes a transparent pixel correctly", () => {
+    const png = makePng(1, 1, [128, 64, 32, 0]);
+    const { data } = decodePng(png);
+    expect(data[3]).toBe(0); // alpha = 0
+  });
+
+  it("decodes a semi-transparent pixel correctly", () => {
+    const png = makePng(1, 1, [100, 150, 200, 128]);
+    const { data } = decodePng(png);
+    expect(data[0]).toBe(100);
+    expect(data[1]).toBe(150);
+    expect(data[2]).toBe(200);
+    expect(data[3]).toBe(128);
+  });
+
+  it("throws on invalid PNG signature", () => {
+    const buf = Buffer.from([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
+    expect(() => decodePng(buf)).toThrow("not a PNG file");
+  });
+});
+
+// ── PNG filter coverage ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// `makePng` only exercises filter type 0 (None). libpng (and Chrome) pick
+// other filter types heuristically; these tests build raw IDAT bytes with each
+// filter type so the defilter logic gets actual coverage.
+
+const paethRef = (a: number, b: number, c: number): number => {
+  const p = a + b - c;
+  const pa = Math.abs(p - a);
+  const pb = Math.abs(p - b);
+  const pc = Math.abs(p - c);
+  if (pa <= pb && pa <= pc) return a;
+  if (pb <= pc) return b;
+  return c;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Build a PNG with a specific filter type applied to every row. Encodes a
+ * 3×2 RGBA image with unique per-channel values so any cross-channel mistake
+ * in the defilter loop shows up as an assertion failure.
+ *
+ * @param filterType  0=None, 1=Sub, 2=Up, 3=Average, 4=Paeth
+ */
+function makePngWithFilter(filterType: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4): {
+  png: Buffer;
+  expectedPixels: number[];
+} {
+  const width = 3;
+  const height = 2;
+  const bpp = 4; // RGBA, 8-bit
+  const stride = width * bpp;
+
+  // Unique pixels so any defilter bug is observable
+  const expectedPixels = [
+    10, 20, 30, 255, 50, 60, 70, 255, 90, 100, 110, 255, 130, 140, 150, 255, 170, 180, 190, 255,
+    210, 220, 230, 255,
+  ];
+
+  const filtered: number[] = [];
+  const prev = new Uint8Array(stride);
+  for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    filtered.push(filterType);
+    const rowStart = y * stride;
+    const curr = new Uint8Array(stride);
+    for (let x = 0; x < stride; x++) curr[x] = expectedPixels[rowStart + x] ?? 0;
+
+    const out = new Uint8Array(stride);
+    for (let x = 0; x < stride; x++) {
+      const a = x >= bpp ? (curr[x - bpp] ?? 0) : 0;
+      const b = prev[x] ?? 0;
+      const c = x >= bpp ? (prev[x - bpp] ?? 0) : 0;
+      const cv = curr[x] ?? 0;
+      switch (filterType) {
+        case 0:
+          out[x] = cv;
+          break;
+        case 1:
+          out[x] = (cv - a) & 0xff;
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          out[x] = (cv - b) & 0xff;
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          out[x] = (cv - Math.floor((a + b) / 2)) & 0xff;
+          break;
+        case 4:
+          out[x] = (cv - paethRef(a, b, c)) & 0xff;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+    for (let x = 0; x < stride; x++) filtered.push(out[x] ?? 0);
+    prev.set(curr);
+  }
+
+  const ihdr = Buffer.allocUnsafe(13);
+  ihdr.writeUInt32BE(width, 0);
+  ihdr.writeUInt32BE(height, 4);
+  ihdr[8] = 8;
+  ihdr[9] = 6;
+  ihdr[10] = 0;
+  ihdr[11] = 0;
+  ihdr[12] = 0;
+
+  const idat = deflateSync(Buffer.from(filtered));
+
+  return {
+    png: Buffer.concat([
+      PNG_SIG,
+      makeChunk("IHDR", ihdr),
+      makeChunk("IDAT", idat),
+      makeChunk("IEND", Buffer.alloc(0)),
+    ]),
+    expectedPixels,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("decodePng filter coverage", () => {
+  it.each([
+    [0, "None"],
+    [1, "Sub"],
+    [2, "Up"],
+    [3, "Average"],
+    [4, "Paeth"],
+  ] as const)("round-trips a 3×2 PNG with filter type %d (%s)", (filterType) => {
+    const { png, expectedPixels } = makePngWithFilter(filterType);
+    const { width, height, data } = decodePng(png);
+    expect(width).toBe(3);
+    expect(height).toBe(2);
+    for (let i = 0; i < expectedPixels.length; i++) {
+      expect(data[i]).toBe(expectedPixels[i]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("decodes a PNG split across multiple IDAT chunks", () => {
+    // Build a normal single-IDAT PNG, then split its IDAT payload in half.
+    // Chrome routinely emits multi-chunk IDATs (default ~8KB segment size).
+    const { png: singleIdatPng, expectedPixels } = makePngWithFilter(0);
+
+    // Walk chunks to find IDAT
+    let pos = 8;
+    let ihdrChunk: Buffer | null = null;
+    let idatPayload: Buffer | null = null;
+    while (pos + 12 <= singleIdatPng.length) {
+      const len = singleIdatPng.readUInt32BE(pos);
+      const type = singleIdatPng.toString("ascii", pos + 4, pos + 8);
+      const data = singleIdatPng.subarray(pos + 8, pos + 8 + len);
+      const fullChunk = singleIdatPng.subarray(pos, pos + 12 + len);
+      if (type === "IHDR") ihdrChunk = Buffer.from(fullChunk);
+      if (type === "IDAT") idatPayload = Buffer.from(data);
+      if (type === "IEND") break;
+      pos += 12 + len;
+    }
+    expect(ihdrChunk).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(idatPayload).not.toBeNull();
+    if (!ihdrChunk || !idatPayload) return;
+
+    // Split the IDAT payload roughly in half across two IDAT chunks
+    const split = Math.floor(idatPayload.length / 2);
+    const part1 = idatPayload.subarray(0, split);
+    const part2 = idatPayload.subarray(split);
+
+    const multiIdatPng = Buffer.concat([
+      PNG_SIG,
+      ihdrChunk,
+      makeChunk("IDAT", Buffer.from(part1)),
+      makeChunk("IDAT", Buffer.from(part2)),
+      makeChunk("IEND", Buffer.alloc(0)),
+    ]);
+
+    const { data } = decodePng(multiIdatPng);
+    for (let i = 0; i < expectedPixels.length; i++) {
+      expect(data[i]).toBe(expectedPixels[i]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("throws on Adam7-interlaced PNGs", () => {
+    const ihdr = Buffer.allocUnsafe(13);
+    ihdr.writeUInt32BE(1, 0);
+    ihdr.writeUInt32BE(1, 4);
+    ihdr[8] = 8;
+    ihdr[9] = 6;
+    ihdr[10] = 0;
+    ihdr[11] = 0;
+    ihdr[12] = 1; // Adam7 interlace
+    const idat = deflateSync(Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 255]));
+    const png = Buffer.concat([
+      PNG_SIG,
+      makeChunk("IHDR", ihdr),
+      makeChunk("IDAT", idat),
+      makeChunk("IEND", Buffer.alloc(0)),
+    ]);
+    expect(() => decodePng(png)).toThrow("interlace");
+  });
+
+  it("throws on PNGs missing the IHDR chunk", () => {
+    const idat = deflateSync(Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 255]));
+    const png = Buffer.concat([
+      PNG_SIG,
+      makeChunk("IDAT", idat),
+      makeChunk("IEND", Buffer.alloc(0)),
+    ]);
+    expect(() => decodePng(png)).toThrow("IHDR");
+  });
+});
+
+// ── decodePngToRgb48le tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// FFmpeg emits 16-bit RGB PNGs (big-endian on the wire). The decoder swaps to
+// little-endian for the streaming HDR encoder. These tests cover the byte-order
+// swap, precision preservation, and multi-pixel row-major layout that the
+// 8-bit suite cannot exercise.
+
+/**
+ * Build a 16-bit RGB PNG (colorType 2, bitDepth 16). PNG stores each 16-bit
+ * sample as two big-endian bytes; the decoder must swap them to LE.
+ *
+ * @param pixels  Flat array of [r16, g16, b16, r16, g16, b16, ...] values
+ *                (one entry per channel sample, 0–65535).
+ */
+function makePng16(width: number, height: number, pixels: number[]): Buffer {
+  const ihdr = Buffer.allocUnsafe(13);
+  ihdr.writeUInt32BE(width, 0);
+  ihdr.writeUInt32BE(height, 4);
+  ihdr[8] = 16; // bit depth
+  ihdr[9] = 2; // color type RGB
+  ihdr[10] = 0;
+  ihdr[11] = 0;
+  ihdr[12] = 0;
+
+  const stride = width * 6; // 3 channels × 2 bytes
+  const filtered: number[] = [];
+  for (let y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    filtered.push(0); // filter type None
+    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      const baseSample = (y * width + x) * 3;
+      for (let ch = 0; ch < 3; ch++) {
+        const v = pixels[baseSample + ch] ?? 0;
+        filtered.push((v >> 8) & 0xff); // high byte (BE on wire)
+        filtered.push(v & 0xff); // low byte
+      }
+    }
+    void stride;
+  }
+
+  const idat = deflateSync(Buffer.from(filtered));
+  return Buffer.concat([
+    PNG_SIG,
+    makeChunk("IHDR", ihdr),
+    makeChunk("IDAT", idat),
+    makeChunk("IEND", Buffer.alloc(0)),
+  ]);
+}
+
+describe("decodePngToRgb48le", () => {
+  it("swaps PNG big-endian samples to little-endian rgb48le", () => {
+    // Pick a value where high and low bytes differ so a missed swap is observable
+    const v = 0x1234;
+    const png = makePng16(1, 1, [v, v, v]);
+    const { width, height, data } = decodePngToRgb48le(png);
+    expect(width).toBe(1);
+    expect(height).toBe(1);
+    expect(data.length).toBe(6);
+    expect(data.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(v);
+    expect(data.readUInt16LE(2)).toBe(v);
+    expect(data.readUInt16LE(4)).toBe(v);
+    // Spot-check raw byte order: low byte first, then high
+    expect(data[0]).toBe(0x34);
+    expect(data[1]).toBe(0x12);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves full 16-bit precision (no 8-bit truncation)", () => {
+    // A value whose low byte alone would be misleading — proves both bytes survive
+    const r = 0xabcd;
+    const g = 0xfedc;
+    const b = 0x0102;
+    const png = makePng16(1, 1, [r, g, b]);
+    const { data } = decodePngToRgb48le(png);
+    expect(data.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(r);
+    expect(data.readUInt16LE(2)).toBe(g);
+    expect(data.readUInt16LE(4)).toBe(b);
+  });
+
+  it("decodes a 2×2 image with row-major layout", () => {
+    const pixels = [
+      // row 0
+      1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000,
+      // row 1
+      7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000,
+    ];
+    const png = makePng16(2, 2, pixels);
+    const { width, height, data } = decodePngToRgb48le(png);
+    expect(width).toBe(2);
+    expect(height).toBe(2);
+    expect(data.length).toBe(2 * 2 * 6);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      expect(data.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 0)).toBe(pixels[i * 3 + 0]);
+      expect(data.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 2)).toBe(pixels[i * 3 + 1]);
+      expect(data.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 4)).toBe(pixels[i * 3 + 2]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("rejects 8-bit PNGs with a clear error", () => {
+    const png = makePng(1, 1, [255, 0, 0, 255]); // 8-bit RGBA
+    expect(() => decodePngToRgb48le(png)).toThrow(/bit depth/);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── blitRgba8OverRgb48le tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/** Build an rgb48le buffer with a single solid color (16-bit per channel) */
+function makeHdrFrame(
+  width: number,
+  height: number,
+  r16: number,
+  g16: number,
+  b16: number,
+): Buffer {
+  const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(width * height * 6);
+  for (let i = 0; i < width * height; i++) {
+    buf.writeUInt16LE(r16, i * 6);
+    buf.writeUInt16LE(g16, i * 6 + 2);
+    buf.writeUInt16LE(b16, i * 6 + 4);
+  }
+  return buf;
+}
+
+/** Build a raw RGBA array (Uint8Array) with a single solid color */
+function makeDomRgba(
+  width: number,
+  height: number,
+  r: number,
+  g: number,
+  b: number,
+  a: number,
+): Uint8Array {
+  const arr = new Uint8Array(width * height * 4);
+  for (let i = 0; i < width * height; i++) {
+    arr[i * 4 + 0] = r;
+    arr[i * 4 + 1] = g;
+    arr[i * 4 + 2] = b;
+    arr[i * 4 + 3] = a;
+  }
+  return arr;
+}
+
+describe("blitRgba8OverRgb48le", () => {
+  it("fully transparent DOM: canvas unchanged", () => {
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 32000, 40000, 50000);
+    const dom = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 255, 0, 0, 0); // red but alpha=0
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(dom, canvas, 1, 1);
+
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(32000);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(2)).toBe(40000);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(4)).toBe(50000);
+  });
+
+  it("fully opaque DOM: sRGB→HLG converted values overwrite canvas", () => {
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 10000, 20000, 30000);
+    const dom = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 255, 128, 0, 255); // R=255, G=128, B=0, full opaque
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(dom, canvas, 1, 1);
+
+    // sRGB 255 → HLG 65535 (white maps to white)
+    // sRGB 128 → HLG ~46484 (mid-gray maps higher due to HLG OETF)
+    // sRGB 0 → HLG 0
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(65535);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(2)).toBeGreaterThan(40000); // HLG mid-gray > sRGB mid-gray
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(2)).toBeLessThan(50000);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(4)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("sRGB→HLG: black stays black, white stays white", () => {
+    const canvasBlack = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const domBlack = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 255);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domBlack, canvasBlack, 1, 1);
+    expect(canvasBlack.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+
+    const canvasWhite = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const domWhite = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 255, 255, 255, 255);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domWhite, canvasWhite, 1, 1);
+    expect(canvasWhite.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(65535);
+  });
+
+  it("50% alpha: HLG-converted DOM blended with canvas", () => {
+    // DOM: white (255, 255, 255) at alpha=128 (~50%)
+    // Canvas: black (0, 0, 0)
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const dom = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 255, 255, 255, 128);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(dom, canvas, 1, 1);
+
+    // sRGB 255 → HLG 65535, blended 50/50 with black
+    const alpha = 128 / 255;
+    const expectedR = Math.round(65535 * alpha);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBeCloseTo(expectedR, -1);
+  });
+
+  it("50% alpha blends with non-zero canvas", () => {
+    // DOM: 8-bit red=200, canvas: 16-bit red=32000, alpha=128
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 32000, 0, 0);
+    const dom = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 200, 0, 0, 128);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(dom, canvas, 1, 1);
+
+    // sRGB 200 → HLG value, blended ~50/50 with canvas red=32000
+    // Result should be higher than 32000 (pulled up by the HLG-converted DOM value)
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBeGreaterThan(32000);
+  });
+
+  it("α=254 still blends (no fast-path overwrite at the opaque boundary)", () => {
+    // Reviewer feedback: confirm the alpha branch is taken for any α < 255.
+    // α=254 should *almost* match α=255 but still leave a sliver of the canvas
+    // value visible — proving we didn't accidentally fast-path α >= 254.
+    const canvasOpaque = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const domOpaque = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 255, 255, 255, 255);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domOpaque, canvasOpaque, 1, 1);
+    const opaqueR = canvasOpaque.readUInt16LE(0);
+
+    const canvasNear = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 1000, 1000, 1000);
+    const domNear = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 255, 255, 255, 254);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domNear, canvasNear, 1, 1);
+    const nearR = canvasNear.readUInt16LE(0);
+
+    // α=255 over black gave us the pure HLG-of-white value
+    expect(opaqueR).toBe(65535);
+    // α=254 over (1000, 1000, 1000) must be *strictly less* than α=255 over black —
+    // if the implementation short-circuits at α >= 254 it would also return 65535.
+    expect(nearR).toBeLessThan(opaqueR);
+    // …but it should still be very close (within ~1% of full white)
+    expect(nearR).toBeGreaterThan(64000);
+  });
+
+  it("handles a 2x2 frame correctly pixel-by-pixel", () => {
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(2, 2, 0, 0, 0);
+    // First pixel: fully opaque white. Others: fully transparent.
+    const dom = new Uint8Array(2 * 2 * 4);
+    dom[0] = 255;
+    dom[1] = 255;
+    dom[2] = 255;
+    dom[3] = 255; // pixel 0: opaque white
+    // pixels 1-3: alpha=0 (transparent)
+
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(dom, canvas, 2, 2);
+
+    // Pixel 0: sRGB white → HLG white (65535)
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(65535);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(2)).toBe(65535);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(4)).toBe(65535);
+
+    // Pixel 1: transparent DOM → canvas black (0, 0, 0) unchanged
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(6)).toBe(0);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(8)).toBe(0);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(10)).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("blitRgba8OverRgb48le with PQ transfer", () => {
+  it("PQ: black stays black, white maps to PQ white", () => {
+    const canvasBlack = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const domBlack = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 255);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domBlack, canvasBlack, 1, 1, "pq");
+    expect(canvasBlack.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+
+    const canvasWhite = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const domWhite = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 255, 255, 255, 255);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domWhite, canvasWhite, 1, 1, "pq");
+    // PQ white at SDR 203 nits is NOT 65535 (that's 10000 nits)
+    // SDR white in PQ ≈ 58% signal → ~38000
+    const pqWhite = canvasWhite.readUInt16LE(0);
+    expect(pqWhite).toBeGreaterThan(30000);
+    expect(pqWhite).toBeLessThan(45000);
+  });
+
+  it("PQ mid-gray differs from HLG mid-gray", () => {
+    const canvasHlg = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const canvasPq = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    const dom = makeDomRgba(1, 1, 128, 128, 128, 255);
+
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(dom, canvasHlg, 1, 1, "hlg");
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(dom, canvasPq, 1, 1, "pq");
+
+    const hlgVal = canvasHlg.readUInt16LE(0);
+    const pqVal = canvasPq.readUInt16LE(0);
+    // PQ and HLG encode mid-gray differently
+    expect(hlgVal).not.toBe(pqVal);
+    // Both should be non-zero
+    expect(hlgVal).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(pqVal).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── blitRgb48leRegion tests ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("blitRgb48leRegion", () => {
+  it("copies a region at position (0,0) — full overlap", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6); // 4x4 black
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(2, 2, 10000, 20000, 30000);
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas, source, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(10000);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(2)).toBe(20000);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(4)).toBe(30000);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(2 * 6)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("copies a region at offset position", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(2, 2, 50000, 40000, 30000);
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas, source, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+    const off = (1 * 4 + 1) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(off)).toBe(50000);
+  });
+
+  it("clips when region extends beyond canvas edge", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(3, 3, 10000, 20000, 30000);
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas, source, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4);
+    const off = (2 * 4 + 2) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(off)).toBe(10000);
+    const off2 = (3 * 4 + 3) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(off2)).toBe(10000);
+    expect(canvas.length).toBe(4 * 4 * 6);
+  });
+
+  it("applies opacity when provided", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(1 * 1 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 40000, 40000, 40000);
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas, source, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0.5);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(20000);
+  });
+
+  it("no-op for zero-size region", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(2, 2, 10000, 20000, 30000);
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas, source, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── parseTransformMatrix tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("parseTransformMatrix", () => {
+  it("returns null for 'none'", () => {
+    expect(parseTransformMatrix("none")).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("parses identity matrix", () => {
+    const m = parseTransformMatrix("matrix(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0)");
+    expect(m).toEqual([1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]);
+  });
+
+  it("parses scale + translate", () => {
+    const m = parseTransformMatrix("matrix(0.85, 0, 0, 0.85, 100, 50)");
+    expect(m).toEqual([0.85, 0, 0, 0.85, 100, 50]);
+  });
+
+  it("parses rotation (45 degrees)", () => {
+    const cos = Math.cos(Math.PI / 4);
+    const sin = Math.sin(Math.PI / 4);
+    const m = parseTransformMatrix(`matrix(${cos}, ${sin}, ${-sin}, ${cos}, 0, 0)`);
+    expect(m).not.toBeNull();
+    if (!m) return;
+    expect(m[0]).toBeCloseTo(cos, 10);
+    expect(m[1]).toBeCloseTo(sin, 10);
+  });
+
+  it("parses negative values", () => {
+    const m = parseTransformMatrix("matrix(-1, 0, 0, -1, -50, -100)");
+    expect(m).toEqual([-1, 0, 0, -1, -50, -100]);
+  });
+
+  it("returns null for empty string", () => {
+    expect(parseTransformMatrix("")).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("returns null for unsupported 3d matrix", () => {
+    expect(parseTransformMatrix("matrix3d(1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1)")).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+// ── blitRgb48leAffine tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("blitRgb48leAffine", () => {
+  it("identity matrix produces same result as blitRgb48leRegion", () => {
+    const canvas1 = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const canvas2 = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(2, 2, 10000, 20000, 30000);
+    const identity = [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0];
+
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas1, source, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4);
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas2, source, identity, 2, 2, 4, 4);
+
+    expect(Buffer.compare(canvas1, canvas2)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("translation moves pixels", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 50000, 40000, 30000);
+    const translate = [1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1];
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas, source, translate, 1, 1, 4, 4);
+
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+    const off = (1 * 4 + 2) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(off)).toBe(50000);
+  });
+
+  it("scale down by 0.5 shrinks the output", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(4, 4, 40000, 30000, 20000);
+    const scale = [0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, 0];
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas, source, scale, 4, 4, 4, 4);
+
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE((1 * 4 + 1) * 6)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(2 * 6)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("scale up by 2 enlarges the output", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(2, 2, 40000, 30000, 20000);
+    const scale = [2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0];
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas, source, scale, 2, 2, 4, 4);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+      expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(i * 6)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("opacity blends with canvas", () => {
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 20000, 20000, 20000);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 60000, 60000, 60000);
+    const identity = [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0];
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas, source, identity, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0.5);
+
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(40000);
+  });
+
+  it("out-of-bounds source coordinates are clipped", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(2 * 2 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(1, 1, 50000, 40000, 30000);
+    const translate = [1, 0, 0, 1, 10, 10];
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas, source, translate, 1, 1, 2, 2);
+
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(6)).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── Round-trip test: decodePng → blitRgba8OverRgb48le ────────────────────────
+
+describe("decodePng + blitRgba8OverRgb48le integration", () => {
+  it("transparent PNG overlay leaves canvas untouched", () => {
+    const width = 2;
+    const height = 2;
+
+    // Build a fully transparent PNG
+    const pixels = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; // all alpha=0
+    const png = makePng(width, height, pixels);
+    const { data: domRgba } = decodePng(png);
+
+    // Canvas pre-filled with known HDR values
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(width, height, 10000, 20000, 30000);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domRgba, canvas, width, height);
+
+    // All pixels should be unchanged
+    for (let i = 0; i < width * height; i++) {
+      expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 0)).toBe(10000);
+      expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 2)).toBe(20000);
+      expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 4)).toBe(30000);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("fully opaque PNG overlay overwrites all canvas pixels (sRGB→HLG)", () => {
+    const width = 2;
+    const height = 2;
+
+    // Build a fully opaque blue PNG (sRGB blue = 0,0,255)
+    const pixels = Array(width * height)
+      .fill(null)
+      .flatMap(() => [0, 0, 255, 255]);
+    const png = makePng(width, height, pixels);
+    const { data: domRgba } = decodePng(png);
+
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(width, height, 50000, 40000, 30000);
+    blitRgba8OverRgb48le(domRgba, canvas, width, height);
+
+    // sRGB blue (0,0,255) → HLG (0, 0, 65535) — black/white map identically
+    for (let i = 0; i < width * height; i++) {
+      expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 0)).toBe(0);
+      expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 2)).toBe(0);
+      expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(i * 6 + 4)).toBe(65535);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ── roundedRectAlpha tests ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("roundedRectAlpha", () => {
+  const uniform20: [number, number, number, number] = [20, 20, 20, 20];
+
+  it("returns 1 for center pixel", () => {
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(50, 50, 100, 100, uniform20)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("returns 1 for pixel well inside edge (not in corner zone)", () => {
+    // On top edge but past the corner zone (x >= radius)
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(50, 5, 100, 100, uniform20)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("returns 0 for pixel at the extreme corner (outside rounded area)", () => {
+    // Top-left corner: (0, 0) is far from circle center at (20, 20)
+    // dist = sqrt(400 + 400) = 28.28, well beyond radius 20
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(0, 0, 100, 100, uniform20)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("returns 1 for pixel well inside corner circle", () => {
+    // Pixel at (15, 15): dist from center (20, 20) = sqrt(25+25) = 7.07 << 20
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(15, 15, 100, 100, uniform20)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("returns fractional alpha at corner edge (anti-aliasing)", () => {
+    // Find a point near the circle edge. radius = 20, center at (20, 20).
+    // Point on the circle: (20 - 20*cos(45°), 20 - 20*sin(45°)) ≈ (5.86, 5.86)
+    // Shift slightly inward for fractional alpha
+    const edgePx = 20 - 20 * Math.cos(Math.PI / 4); // ~5.86
+    const alpha = roundedRectAlpha(edgePx, edgePx, 100, 100, uniform20);
+    expect(alpha).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(alpha).toBeLessThan(1);
+  });
+
+  it("handles all four corners symmetrically", () => {
+    // Test top-right corner (x near w, y near 0)
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(100, 0, 100, 100, uniform20)).toBe(0);
+    // Test bottom-right corner
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(100, 100, 100, 100, uniform20)).toBe(0);
+    // Test bottom-left corner
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(0, 100, 100, 100, uniform20)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("returns 1 everywhere for zero radii", () => {
+    const zero: [number, number, number, number] = [0, 0, 0, 0];
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(0, 0, 100, 100, zero)).toBe(1);
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(99, 0, 100, 100, zero)).toBe(1);
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(0, 99, 100, 100, zero)).toBe(1);
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(99, 99, 100, 100, zero)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("supports per-corner radii", () => {
+    const mixed: [number, number, number, number] = [20, 0, 10, 0];
+    // Top-left has radius 20 — corner pixel outside
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(0, 0, 100, 100, mixed)).toBe(0);
+    // Top-right has radius 0 — corner pixel inside
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(99, 0, 100, 100, mixed)).toBe(1);
+    // Bottom-right has radius 10 — extreme corner outside
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(100, 100, 100, 100, mixed)).toBe(0);
+    // Bottom-left has radius 0 — corner pixel inside
+    expect(roundedRectAlpha(0, 99, 100, 100, mixed)).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── blitRgb48leRegion with borderRadius ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("blitRgb48leRegion with borderRadius", () => {
+  it("clips corner pixels when borderRadius is set", () => {
+    // 10x10 source placed at origin on a 10x10 canvas, radius 5
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(10 * 10 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(10, 10, 40000, 30000, 20000);
+    const br: [number, number, number, number] = [5, 5, 5, 5];
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas, source, 0, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, undefined, br);
+
+    // Center pixel should be written
+    const centerOff = (5 * 10 + 5) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(centerOff)).toBe(40000);
+
+    // Corner pixel (0,0) should be clipped (remain 0)
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("no effect when borderRadius is all zeros", () => {
+    const canvas1 = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const canvas2 = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(4, 4, 40000, 30000, 20000);
+
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas1, source, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4);
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas2, source, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, undefined, [0, 0, 0, 0]);
+
+    expect(Buffer.compare(canvas1, canvas2)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("combines opacity and borderRadius", () => {
+    // Canvas with known background, source with known values
+    const canvas = makeHdrFrame(10, 10, 20000, 20000, 20000);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(10, 10, 60000, 60000, 60000);
+    const br: [number, number, number, number] = [3, 3, 3, 3];
+
+    blitRgb48leRegion(canvas, source, 0, 0, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0.5, br);
+
+    // Center pixel: opacity 0.5, mask 1.0 → effective 0.5
+    // Result: 60000 * 0.5 + 20000 * 0.5 = 40000
+    const centerOff = (5 * 10 + 5) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(centerOff)).toBe(40000);
+
+    // Corner pixel (0,0): mask 0.0 → skipped, canvas unchanged
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(20000);
+  });
+});
+
+// ── blitRgb48leAffine with borderRadius ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("blitRgb48leAffine with borderRadius", () => {
+  it("clips corner pixels with identity transform", () => {
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(10 * 10 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(10, 10, 40000, 30000, 20000);
+    const identity = [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0];
+    const br: [number, number, number, number] = [5, 5, 5, 5];
+
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas, source, identity, 10, 10, 10, 10, undefined, br);
+
+    // Center pixel should be written
+    const centerOff = (5 * 10 + 5) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(centerOff)).toBe(40000);
+
+    // Corner pixel (0,0) should be clipped
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("mask follows transform (scaled output has rounded corners)", () => {
+    // 4x4 source scaled up 2× on an 8×8 canvas, radius 2 in source space
+    const canvas = Buffer.alloc(8 * 8 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(4, 4, 50000, 40000, 30000);
+    const scale2x = [2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0];
+    const br: [number, number, number, number] = [2, 2, 2, 2];
+
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas, source, scale2x, 4, 4, 8, 8, undefined, br);
+
+    // Canvas center (4,4) maps to source (2,2) — inside, should be written
+    const centerOff = (4 * 8 + 4) * 6;
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(centerOff)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // Canvas corner (0,0) maps to source (0,0) — outside radius, should be clipped
+    expect(canvas.readUInt16LE(0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("no effect when borderRadius is undefined", () => {
+    const canvas1 = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const canvas2 = Buffer.alloc(4 * 4 * 6);
+    const source = makeHdrFrame(4, 4, 40000, 30000, 20000);
+    const identity = [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0];
+
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas1, source, identity, 4, 4, 4, 4);
+    blitRgb48leAffine(canvas2, source, identity, 4, 4, 4, 4, undefined, undefined);
+
+    expect(Buffer.compare(canvas1, canvas2)).toBe(0);
+  });
+});