@hydranium/protocol 1.0.0-next.23 → 1.0.0-next.230

package/src/client/data-session.ts

@@ -7,106 +7,359 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  ********************************************************************************/
 
-import type { MessageConnection } from 'vscode-jsonrpc';
-import { DATA_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_METHODS, DATA_SERVER_WIRE_PREFIX, type DataClientProtocol, type DataServerProtocol } from '../data';
-import { type RpcProxy, createRpcProxy } from '../rpc';
-import type { TransferDocument } from '../transfer-document';
+import { type Disposable, Emitter, type Event } from 'vscode-jsonrpc';
+import { type Clock, SystemClock } from '../clock';
+import type { DataServerProtocol, DiagnosticOf, TransferDocumentDirtyChangedEvent, TransferDocumentUpdatedEvent } from '../data';
+import { isConflictError, SessionClosedError } from '../errors';
+import { type BaseVersion, isModelVersion, type ModelVersion, type TextVersion, UNRECORDED_VERSION } from '../model-service/base-version';
+import { type ResolvedMessage, defineMessage, describeError, resolve } from '../messages/primitives';
+import type { OpenModelArgs } from '../model-server';
+import { randomUuid } from '../random-uuid';
+import type { MaybePromise } from '../util';
+import type { RpcProxy } from '../rpc';
+import type { TextState, TransferDocument, TransferSavedDocument } from '../transfer-document';
 import type { TransferElement } from '../transfer-element';
-import type { DataPort } from './data-port';
 
-/** Options for {@link DataSession}. */
-export interface DataSessionOptions {
+/**
+ * A session could not re-open a document it had open after its connection
+ * dropped, and forgot it; or could not write it again for another reason than
+ * a conflict, and keeps its unsaved edits for the next restore.
+ */
+export const DATA_SESSION_RESTORE_FAILED = defineMessage(
+   'hydranium/protocol/data-session-restore-failed',
+   'Could not restore {uri} after reconnecting to the data server: {detail}'
+);
+
+/** A write or open of `{uri}` that the data server answered without a model. */
+export const DATA_SESSION_ANSWER_WITHOUT_MODEL = defineMessage(
+   'hydranium/protocol/data-session-answer-without-model',
+   'The data server answered a write of {uri} without a model; the session counts that answer as older than every version.'
+);
+
+/**
+ * A session re-opened documents after its connection dropped and cannot put
+ * back what it wrote to them since their last save: another client changed
+ * them, even while the session was still connected; the session could not
+ * tell the text its writes started from, or lost another document written with
+ * them; or the write it sent again conflicted. The session's unsaved edits may
+ * be gone, and it no longer holds them.
+ */
+export const DATA_SESSION_UNSAVED_LOST = defineMessage(
+   'hydranium/protocol/data-session-unsaved-lost',
+   'Unsaved changes to {uris} may have been lost when the connection to the data server dropped.'
+);
+
+/**
+ * What one of `TServer`'s document methods takes, minus the `clientId` a
+ * {@link DataSession} stamps itself.
+ *
+ * Read off the SERVER's signature, not off the framework's own arg type: an
+ * adopter server widens these, and a wrapper declared against the narrow
+ * shape rejects the extra field on a fresh object literal, so that call
+ * cannot go through a session at all.
+ */
+export type DataSessionArgs<TMethod extends (args: never) => unknown> = Omit<Parameters<TMethod>[0], 'clientId'>;
+
+/**
+ * Open a document through a session; the session supplies `clientId`. Only the
+ * URI and the open's options: a session's open reads the file, and the server
+ * ignores the `languageId`, `version` and `text` seeds of `OpenModelArgs`, so
+ * accepting them here would let a caller believe they took effect.
+ */
+export type DataSessionOpenArgs<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   // oxlint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars -- TServer validates its own diagnostic constraint; Oxlint does not count that use.
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = Pick<OpenModelArgs, 'uri' | 'options'>;
+
+/** Create a document through a session; the session supplies `clientId`. */
+export type DataSessionCreateArgs<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = DataSessionArgs<TServer['createModelDocument']>;
+
+/** Close a document through a session; the session supplies `clientId`. */
+export type DataSessionCloseArgs<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = DataSessionArgs<TServer['closeModelDocument']>;
+
+/** Update a document through a session; the session supplies `clientId`. */
+export type DataSessionUpdateArgs<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = DataSessionArgs<TServer['updateModelDocument']>;
+
+/** Update several documents at once through a session; the session supplies `clientId`. */
+export type DataSessionUpdatesArgs<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = DataSessionArgs<TServer['updateModelDocuments']>;
+
+/** Persist a document through a session; the session supplies `clientId`. */
+export type DataSessionSaveArgs<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = DataSessionArgs<TServer['saveModelDocument']>;
+
+/** Persist the text the server holds through a session; the session supplies `clientId`. */
+export type DataSessionPersistArgs<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = DataSessionArgs<TServer['persistModelDocument']>;
+
+/** The document a session hands back, carrying its server's diagnostic shape. */
+export type DataSessionDocument<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> = TransferDocument<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>;
+
+/**
+ * What a {@link DataSession} keeps of a URI it wrote since the URI's last save,
+ * to write it again after a reconnect that lost it.
+ */
+export interface DataSessionUnsavedWrite<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> {
    /**
-    * Wire namespace the server is addressed under. Defaults to the
-    * framework's {@link DATA_SERVER_WIRE_PREFIX}, which is what an unmodified
-    * `DataServer` binds. Override only alongside the server's own
-    * `methodNamespace` option — a mismatch turns every request into
-    * "Unhandled method" rather than failing at wire-up.
+    * The `text.hash` of the text the first of these writes was based on.
+    * `undefined` when the session could not tell, for a write based on
+    * `'any'` or on a version it could not read back, and such a write is
+    * never sent again: the session cannot tell another client's text from the
+    * text it wrote over.
     */
-   readonly methodNamespace?: string;
+   readonly baseHash: string | undefined;
+   /**
+    * The model version the last of these writes was answered with, which
+    * orders its answers, and the `text.hash` of that answer.
+    */
+   readonly answer: { readonly version: ModelVersion; readonly hash?: string };
+   /**
+    * The call that made the last write, and for an `updateDocuments` call this
+    * URI's index in it. Records whose `updates` is the same object were
+    * written together and are sent again together, so a restore never applies
+    * part of a set.
+    */
+   readonly call:
+      | { readonly update: DataSessionUpdateArgs<TTransfer, TServer> }
+      | { readonly updates: DataSessionUpdatesArgs<TTransfer, TServer>; readonly index: number };
 }
 
-/** One connection generation: its connection, its proxy, and its readiness. */
-interface Generation<TTransfer extends TransferElement> {
-   readonly connection: Promise<MessageConnection>;
-   readonly server: RpcProxy<DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>>;
-   /** Set on first use; the shared readiness gate for this generation. */
-   ready?: Promise<void>;
+/** Where `write` stands in the `updateDocuments` call it was last written by; `0` for a single update. */
+function indexOf(write: DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TransferElement, DataServerProtocol<TransferElement>>): number {
+   return 'index' in write.call ? write.call.index : 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * The host-invariant half of talking to the data head: everything above
- * {@link DataPort} that would otherwise be re-derived by every host
- * adapter.
+ * What a {@link DataSession} needs from the connection that minted it.
  *
- * Three jobs, and deliberately no fourth:
+ * Narrower than the connection itself so the dependency points one way:
+ * `DataConnection` constructs sessions, and nothing here imports it back.
+ */
+export interface DataSessionHost<TTransfer extends TransferElement, TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>> {
+   /** The connected, READY proxy of the current connection; a new object after each reconnect. */
+   connected(): Promise<RpcProxy<TServer>>;
+   /** Surface a failure no caller is waiting on, such as restoring a document after a reconnect. */
+   reportError?(error: unknown, reported: ResolvedMessage): void;
+   /**
+    * Tell the connection's client the dirty state a restore read, unless it
+    * is what the client was last told of the URI since the URI's last open.
+    */
+   restoreDirty?(event: TransferDocumentDirtyChangedEvent): void;
+   /**
+    * Forget what the client was told of `uri`'s dirty state: an open just
+    * made answered its caller afresh, and the client heard none of it, or a
+    * close leaves nothing to restore. Forgetting a URI another session still
+    * has open costs at most one repeat of a state the client already has.
+    */
+   forgetDirty?(uri: string): void;
+   /**
+    * Fires with each flip of a document's dirty state the server sends. A
+    * session drops the unsaved write it keeps of a document that turns
+    * clean; without this event it keeps it, and a restore after another
+    * client's save of the document can report the write lost.
+    */
+   readonly onDidChangeDirty?: Event<TransferDocumentDirtyChangedEvent>;
+   /**
+    * Fires with each update event the server sends. A session drops the
+    * unsaved write it keeps of a document another client wrote over; without
+    * this event it keeps it, and a restore reports the write lost.
+    */
+   readonly onDidUpdateDocument?: Event<TransferDocumentUpdatedEvent<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds the session `DataConnection.createSession` hands out, for an adopter
+ * that extends {@link DataSession}. The connection has minted `clientId` and
+ * checked it by then.
+ */
+export type DataSessionFactory<TTransfer extends TransferElement, TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>> = (
+   clientId: string,
+   host: DataSessionHost<TTransfer, TServer>,
+   label: string
+) => DataSession<TTransfer, TServer>;
+
+/**
+ * One participant on a data connection: a properties panel, a tree, a form
+ * editor. The client side of a server client session, registered over the
+ * wire under {@link clientId}.
+ *
+ * The session writes only what it has open: the server refuses its update or
+ * save of a document it has not opened with a `DocumentNotOpenError` code.
+ * Every call waits for the registration, so the first can be issued at once.
+ *
+ * Every document operation stamps {@link clientId} itself. A caller that
+ * passed its own could pass another participant's, and the server would
+ * attribute the write and close the document accordingly.
+ *
+ * {@link closeDocument} and {@link dispose} first wait, up to
+ * {@link settleBeforeCloseMs}, for this session's calls still in flight on the
+ * URI, or on any URI for `dispose`: a save sent just before its close would
+ * otherwise reach the server after it, and fail as not open.
  *
- * 1. **Build the typed proxy** over the port's connection, with the framework's
- *    wire prefix and its drift-proof client-method allowlist.
- * 2. **Own the readiness gate** — `waitForReady` once per connection, shared
- *    across concurrent callers. A socket client can connect before the
- *    workspace walk finishes, and an early request is then answered correctly
- *    from an empty registry, which reads as a broken project tier rather than
- *    as a race.
- * 3. **Own the reconnect policy**, by dropping its connection generation when
- *    the port disposes and building a fresh one on the next request.
+ * After the connection drops, the session registers again under the same id,
+ * re-opens and re-watches what it had open, tells the client of their dirty
+ * state where it changed, and reports the documents whose unsaved edits did
+ * not survive; see {@link restore}. The connection does this at
+ * once for a session with documents open, and again once any later connection
+ * is ready, so a reconnect that failed is not left to the session's own next
+ * call; any session's next call does it too.
  *
- * It does **not** wrap the protocol methods; callers reach them through
- * {@link connected}. The one exception is {@link openDocument}, which exists
- * because the open/watch *order* is silently wrong the other way round — see
- * its own doc.
+ * Generic over the transfer root so this file names no grammar.
  *
- * Generic over the transfer root so this file names no grammar. An adopter
- * binds the concrete root (or the union of them, for a multi-grammar head) at
- * its own edge.
+ * `TServer` is bound to a server answering with ITS OWN diagnostic shape, read
+ * back off the parameter being bound. Simplifying that to
+ * `DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>` compiles and costs the wrappers their
+ * return type: every call through `TServer` would resolve against that looser
+ * bound, so an adopter's diagnostics would come back as the framework's and
+ * the document would have to be cast on the way out.
  */
-export class DataSession<TTransfer extends TransferElement> {
-   protected readonly methodNamespace: string;
-   /** The current generation, or `undefined` before the first request / after a teardown. */
-   protected generation?: Generation<TTransfer>;
+export class DataSession<
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement,
+   TServer extends DataServerProtocol<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>> = DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>
+> implements Disposable {
+   /**
+    * How long {@link closeDocument} and {@link dispose} wait for this session's
+    * calls in flight before closing anyway. Long, because the wait only runs
+    * out when a call hangs, and a close sent while a save is still running
+    * fails that save.
+    */
+   protected readonly settleBeforeCloseMs: number = 10_000;
+   /**
+    * The clock {@link settleBeforeCloseMs} runs on. {@link DataSessionHost}
+    * carries no {@link Clock}, so a subclass replaces this field as it
+    * replaces the bound.
+    */
+   protected readonly clock: Clock = new SystemClock();
+   /** URIs this session has open, re-opened after a reconnect. */
+   protected readonly openUris = new Set<string>();
+   /**
+    * Per URI in {@link openUris}, the URI the server's last answer to its open
+    * or re-open named. The server keys its notifications by it, and so does
+    * the host's record of what its client was told.
+    */
+   protected readonly serverUris = new Map<string, string>();
+   /**
+    * Per URI, how many opens of it this session has under way. Such a URI
+    * counts as open for {@link withOpenDocument}, which would otherwise close
+    * it under the open that is still being made.
+    */
+   protected readonly openingUris = new Map<string, number>();
+   /** Per URI written since its last save, what {@link restore} needs to write it again. */
+   protected readonly unsavedWrites = new Map<string, DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TTransfer, TServer>>();
+   /**
+    * Per URI this session has open, the text of the last document one of its
+    * own calls was answered with, which spares the read a first unsaved write
+    * otherwise makes for its base; see {@link baseHashOf}.
+    */
+   protected readonly lastAnswers = new Map<string, TextState>();
+   /**
+    * Per URI this session has open, the text version its last save or persist
+    * of it wrote, as its answer's `persisted` says; see {@link recordWrite}.
+    * Not the answer's model version, which can carry a write that landed
+    * after the text was taken. Only those set it: an open answers at the
+    * version of a write still in flight as well, and that write is not saved.
+    */
+   protected readonly savedVersions = new Map<string, TextVersion>();
+   /** Per URI, this session's calls still in flight on it, which a close waits for. */
+   protected readonly inFlight = new Map<string, Set<Promise<unknown>>>();
+   /** This session's saves still in flight, which a host's exit waits for; see {@link hasSavesInFlight}. */
+   protected readonly savesInFlight = new Set<Promise<unknown>>();
+   protected readonly disposeEmitter = new Emitter<void>();
+   /**
+    * Fires once when the session ends, by {@link dispose} or {@link detach}, as
+    * soon as it rejects further calls and before any close is sent. For a
+    * session its connection created, the connection's listener runs first, so
+    * the id is free again on that connection by the time any other listener
+    * runs; the server still holds it until the close arrives, and refuses a new
+    * session under it until then.
+    *
+    * A listener subscribed once the session has ended is never called, so a
+    * late subscriber checks {@link isDisposed} first.
+    */
+   readonly onDidDispose: Event<void> = this.disposeEmitter.event;
+   /**
+    * Sent with every registration, so the server lets this session register
+    * its id again while the dropped connection's session is still live there:
+    * a server that has not yet noticed the drop would otherwise refuse the id
+    * as a duplicate until it does.
+    */
+   protected readonly resumeToken: string = randomUuid();
+   /** The proxy the session is registered on; another one means the connection was replaced. */
+   protected registeredOn?: RpcProxy<TServer>;
+   protected registration?: Promise<void>;
    protected disposed = false;
-   protected readonly portDisposeListener: { dispose(): void };
+   /**
+    * Disposed through {@link detach} rather than {@link dispose}, so nothing may
+    * be sent. Folding it into {@link disposed} would send the session's close
+    * over a connection that is going away.
+    */
+   protected detached = false;
+   /** The subscription to the host's `onDidChangeDirty`, disposed with the session. */
+   protected readonly dirtySubscription?: Disposable;
+   /** The subscription to the host's `onDidUpdateDocument`, disposed with the session. */
+   protected readonly updateSubscription?: Disposable;
 
    constructor(
-      protected readonly port: DataPort,
-      protected readonly client: DataClientProtocol<TTransfer>,
-      options: DataSessionOptions = {}
+      readonly clientId: string,
+      protected readonly host: DataSessionHost<TTransfer, TServer>,
+      readonly label: string
    ) {
-      this.methodNamespace = options.methodNamespace ?? DATA_SERVER_WIRE_PREFIX;
-      this.portDisposeListener = this.port.onDispose(() => this.dropGeneration());
-   }
-
-   /** The identity every request is made under — the port's, not a second one. */
-   get clientId(): string {
-      return this.port.clientId;
+      this.dirtySubscription = host.onDidChangeDirty?.(event => this.forgetSavedWrite(event));
+      this.updateSubscription = host.onDidUpdateDocument?.(event => this.forgetSupersededWrite(event));
    }
 
    /**
-    * The connected, READY server proxy.
-    *
-    * Returns the proxy rather than `void` on purpose. A reconnect replaces the
-    * proxy, so a caller that cached one from an earlier call would go on
-    * addressing a dead connection with no error — handing it back per call
-    * makes the stale reference unrepresentable.
-    *
-    * Concurrent callers share one readiness promise, so `waitForReady` is
-    * awaited once per generation and not once per caller.
+    * The connected, READY server proxy once this session is registered on it,
+    * for protocol methods this session does not wrap. The proxy stamps
+    * nothing: pass this session's {@link clientId} to any method that carries
+    * one.
     */
-   async connected(): Promise<RpcProxy<DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>>> {
-      if (this.disposed) {
-         throw new Error('DataSession is disposed');
+   async connected(): Promise<RpcProxy<TServer>> {
+      // `async` so a disposed session REJECTS rather than throwing
+      // synchronously: the connection's own `connected` rejects, and a caller
+      // reaching for `.catch` on one of them would not catch the other.
+      this.assertLive();
+      const server = await this.host.connected();
+      // Again after the wait: a session disposed meanwhile must not register,
+      // since its dispose found nothing registered to end.
+      this.assertLive();
+      if (this.registeredOn !== server) {
+         const reconnected = this.registeredOn !== undefined;
+         this.registeredOn = server;
+         this.registration = this.register(server, reconnected);
       }
-      const generation = this.currentGeneration();
-      if (!generation.ready) {
-         generation.ready = this.awaitReady(generation);
-      }
-      await generation.ready;
-      return generation.server;
+      await this.registration;
+      // And after the registration: a call waiting on it has not reached the
+      // wire, and sent now it would land after the session's close.
+      this.assertLive();
+      return server;
    }
 
    /**
-    * Open `uri` for editing and start watching it, in that order, returning
-    * the opened snapshot.
+    * Open `args.uri` for editing and start watching it, in that order,
+    * returning the opened snapshot.
     *
     * **The order is the whole reason this method exists.**
     * `watchModelDocument` baselines its dedup fingerprint from the *current*
@@ -114,32 +367,200 @@ export class DataSession<TTransfer extends TransferElement> {
     * baseline, and the first phase event after the open arrives as a spurious
     * `'changed'` — which a widget that resets its in-memory root to the server
     * view misreads as a concurrent third-party write, losing whatever the user
-    * had typed. Nothing about the wrong order fails loudly, so it is encoded
-    * here rather than documented and re-derived.
+    * had typed.
     *
-    * Note that the returned snapshot's empty `diagnostics` does not mean
-    * valid: `open` settles at the integrity landmark, not at validation.
+    * Note that the returned snapshot's model usually has no `diagnostics`:
+    * `open` settles at the integrity landmark, not at validation.
     * Validity arrives asynchronously on `onDocumentUpdated`, or synchronously
     * from `getModelDocument({ includeDiagnostics: true })`.
     */
-   async openDocument(uri: string): Promise<TransferDocument<TTransfer>> {
-      const server = await this.connected();
-      const document = await server.openModelDocument({ uri, clientId: this.clientId });
-      await server.watchModelDocument({ uri, clientId: this.clientId });
+   openDocument(args: DataSessionOpenArgs<TTransfer, TServer>): Promise<DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>> {
+      return this.trackOpen(args.uri, async () => {
+         const server = await this.connected();
+         return this.watchOpened(server, args.uri, await server.openModelDocument({ ...args, clientId: this.clientId }));
+      });
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Create a document that exists nowhere yet, open and watched for this
+    * session; it reaches disk with the first {@link saveDocument}. The server
+    * refuses a URI that exists on disk or that any client has open.
+    */
+   createDocument(args: DataSessionCreateArgs<TTransfer, TServer>): Promise<DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>> {
+      return this.trackOpen(args.uri, async () => {
+         const server = await this.connected();
+         return this.watchOpened(server, args.uri, await server.createModelDocument({ ...args, clientId: this.clientId }));
+      });
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Watch a document this session just opened, and record it as open. A
+    * failed watch closes it again: the caller sees a failed open and so would
+    * never close it.
+    */
+   protected async watchOpened(
+      server: RpcProxy<TServer>,
+      uri: string,
+      document: DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>
+   ): Promise<DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>> {
+      try {
+         await server.watchModelDocument({ uri, clientId: this.clientId });
+      } catch (error: unknown) {
+         await server.closeModelDocument({ uri, clientId: this.clientId }).catch(() => undefined);
+         throw error;
+      }
+      this.openUris.add(uri);
+      this.serverUris.set(uri, document.uri);
+      this.recordText(uri, document);
+      // Keyed as the server keys its notifications, which may not be how the
+      // caller spelled the URI.
+      this.host.forgetDirty?.(document.uri);
       return document;
    }
 
    /**
-    * Close `uri`. The server unwatches implicitly, so this is the dual of
-    * {@link openDocument} and needs no separate unwatch.
+    * Close `args.uri`, once this session's calls on it have settled or
+    * {@link settleBeforeCloseMs} has passed. The server unwatches implicitly,
+    * so this is the dual of {@link openDocument} and needs no separate unwatch.
     */
-   async closeDocument(uri: string): Promise<void> {
+   async closeDocument(args: DataSessionCloseArgs<TTransfer, TServer>): Promise<void> {
+      this.assertLive();
+      await this.settle(this.inFlight.get(args.uri));
+      // Forgotten before the close is sent, so a reconnect in between does not
+      // re-open a document the caller has closed; after the wait, so an open
+      // of it that was still in flight does not record it again.
+      const serverUri = this.serverUris.get(args.uri) ?? args.uri;
+      this.openUris.delete(args.uri);
+      this.serverUris.delete(args.uri);
+      this.unsavedWrites.delete(args.uri);
+      this.lastAnswers.delete(args.uri);
+      this.savedVersions.delete(args.uri);
+      this.host.forgetDirty?.(serverUri);
       const server = await this.connected();
-      await server.closeModelDocument({ uri, clientId: this.clientId });
+      await server.closeModelDocument({ ...args, clientId: this.clientId });
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Open `args.uri`, run `fn` with the opened snapshot, and close it once
+    * `fn` settles, whether it returned or threw. A URI this session already
+    * had open, or is still opening through another call, stays open: the close
+    * undoes only the open this call made.
+    */
+   async withOpenDocument<T>(
+      args: DataSessionOpenArgs<TTransfer, TServer>,
+      fn: (document: DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>) => MaybePromise<T>
+   ): Promise<T> {
+      const alreadyOpen = this.openUris.has(args.uri) || this.openingUris.has(args.uri);
+      const document = await this.openDocument(args);
+      try {
+         return await fn(document);
+      } finally {
+         if (!alreadyOpen && !this.disposed) {
+            await this.closeDocument({ uri: args.uri } as DataSessionCloseArgs<TTransfer, TServer>);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /** Write `args.model` back as this session. The session must have `args.uri` open. */
+   updateDocument(args: DataSessionUpdateArgs<TTransfer, TServer>): Promise<DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>> {
+      return this.track([args.uri], async () => {
+         const server = await this.connected();
+         const update = { ...args };
+         const baseHash = await this.baseHashOf(server, args.uri, args.baseVersion);
+         const document = await server.updateModelDocument({ ...args, clientId: this.clientId });
+         this.recordWrite(args.uri, document, baseHash, { update });
+         return document;
+      });
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Write several documents this session has open, all or none: the server
+    * refuses the whole set, before any text applies, when one is stale or not
+    * open. Resolves to the documents in the order given.
+    */
+   updateDocuments(args: DataSessionUpdatesArgs<TTransfer, TServer>): Promise<DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>[]> {
+      return this.track(
+         args.updates.map(update => update.uri),
+         async () => {
+            // One copy for the whole call: the copy's identity is what ties its
+            // records together.
+            const updates = { ...args, updates: args.updates.map(update => ({ ...update })) };
+            const server = await this.connected();
+            const baseHashes = await Promise.all(args.updates.map(update => this.baseHashOf(server, update.uri, update.baseVersion)));
+            const documents = await server.updateModelDocuments({ ...args, clientId: this.clientId });
+            args.updates.forEach((update, index) => this.recordWrite(update.uri, documents[index], baseHashes[index], { updates, index }));
+            return documents;
+         }
+      );
+   }
+
+   /** Persist `args.model` to disk as this session. The session must have `args.uri` open. */
+   saveDocument(args: DataSessionSaveArgs<TTransfer, TServer>): Promise<TransferSavedDocument<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>> {
+      return this.trackSave(args.uri, server => server.saveModelDocument({ ...args, clientId: this.clientId }));
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Persist the text the server holds for `args.uri` as this session, with no
+    * model of its own. The session must have `args.uri` open.
+    */
+   persistDocument(args: DataSessionPersistArgs<TTransfer, TServer>): Promise<TransferSavedDocument<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>> {
+      return this.trackSave(args.uri, server => server.persistModelDocument({ ...args, clientId: this.clientId }));
+   }
+
+   /** Run a save or persist of `uri` and record what it answered as saved. */
+   protected trackSave(
+      uri: string,
+      send: (server: RpcProxy<TServer>) => Promise<TransferSavedDocument<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>>
+   ): Promise<TransferSavedDocument<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>> {
+      const saving = this.track([uri], async () => {
+         const server = await this.connected();
+         const document = await send(server);
+         // Kept only when its last answer is newer than the text written. Kept
+         // whenever it changed while the save ran, a record the save covered
+         // survives, and a restore then reports it lost.
+         const unsaved = this.unsavedWrites.get(uri);
+         if (unsaved && unsaved.answer.version <= document.persisted.version) {
+            this.unsavedWrites.delete(uri);
+         }
+         this.recordText(uri, document);
+         // The higher of two saves' answers, which may arrive out of order.
+         const saved = this.savedVersions.get(uri);
+         if (saved === undefined || document.persisted.version > saved) {
+            this.savedVersions.set(uri, document.persisted.version);
+         }
+         return document;
+      });
+      this.savesInFlight.add(saving);
+      const done = (): boolean => this.savesInFlight.delete(saving);
+      saving.then(done, done);
+      return saving;
+   }
+
+   /** Whether the session has ended, by {@link dispose} or {@link detach}. */
+   get isDisposed(): boolean {
+      return this.disposed;
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Whether a save of this session has not answered yet. Synchronous, for a
+    * host whose exit veto must decide within the tick, such as Theia's
+    * `onWillStop`.
+    */
+   get hasSavesInFlight(): boolean {
+      return this.savesInFlight.size > 0;
    }
 
    /**
-    * Whether `event.sourceClientId` identifies this session's own write.
+    * Resolves once the saves in flight now have answered, or
+    * {@link settleBeforeCloseMs} has passed. Never rejects: a failed save has
+    * answered too.
+    */
+   whenSavesSettled(): Promise<void> {
+      return this.settle(this.savesInFlight);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Whether `sourceClientId` identifies this session's own write.
     *
     * Every watcher needs this and the check is one comparison, so getting it
     * wrong is cheap to do and expensive to find: an unfiltered echo looks
@@ -149,61 +570,465 @@ export class DataSession<TTransfer extends TransferElement> {
       return sourceClientId === this.clientId;
    }
 
-   /** Tear down the current connection and stop tracking the port. Idempotent. */
+   /**
+    * End the session: detach it from the connection at once, and once its
+    * calls in flight have settled or {@link settleBeforeCloseMs} has passed,
+    * end it on the server, which closes everything it has open. Idempotent,
+    * and leaves the connection usable by its other sessions.
+    *
+    * Every later call rejects, and so does a call made earlier in the same
+    * tick, which has not reached the wire yet and is never sent. The server
+    * close is not awaited, because a `Disposable` cannot be; a close that fails
+    * leaves the session to the server's connection-close cleanup.
+    */
    dispose(): void {
       if (this.disposed) {
          return;
       }
       this.disposed = true;
-      this.portDisposeListener.dispose();
-      this.dropGeneration();
-   }
-
-   /** The live generation, building one if there is none. */
-   protected currentGeneration(): Generation<TTransfer> {
-      if (this.generation) {
-         return this.generation;
-      }
-      const connection = this.port.connect();
-      // Rejection is reported here rather than left to float: an unhandled
-      // rejection on a connection promise is the failure mode that reads as
-      // "the model is empty" instead of "the transport never opened".
-      connection.catch((error: unknown) => this.port.reportError(error, 'connecting to the data server'));
-      const server = createRpcProxy<DataServerProtocol<TTransfer>, DataClientProtocol<TTransfer>>(connection, {
-         methodNamespace: this.methodNamespace,
-         localTarget: this.client,
-         localMethods: DATA_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_METHODS
-      });
-      this.generation = { connection, server };
-      return this.generation;
+      this.fireDispose();
+      const pending = [...this.inFlight.values()].flatMap(calls => [...calls]);
+      void (async () => {
+         await this.settle(pending);
+         await this.registration;
+         // The proxy the session registered on, never a fresh connection: a
+         // connection that dropped already ended the session on the server.
+         if (!this.detached && this.registeredOn) {
+            await this.registeredOn.closeSession({ clientId: this.clientId });
+         }
+      })().catch(() => undefined);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Come off the connection because it is going away.
+    *
+    * Sends nothing, unlike {@link dispose}: the server ends every session on a
+    * connection it sees close, and the close would travel over the very
+    * connection being disposed.
+    *
+    * Public because the connection calls it; anyone else ends a session with
+    * {@link dispose}. It fires {@link onDidDispose} only if the session has not
+    * already ended, and after {@link dispose} it still cancels the close that
+    * dispose has not sent yet.
+    */
+   detach(): void {
+      this.detached = true;
+      this.openUris.clear();
+      this.serverUris.clear();
+      this.unsavedWrites.clear();
+      this.lastAnswers.clear();
+      this.savedVersions.clear();
+      if (!this.disposed) {
+         this.disposed = true;
+         this.fireDispose();
+      }
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Dispose {@link dirtySubscription} and {@link updateSubscription}, fire
+    * {@link onDidDispose} and dispose its emitter, so a second call fires
+    * nothing.
+    */
+   protected fireDispose(): void {
+      this.dirtySubscription?.dispose();
+      this.updateSubscription?.dispose();
+      this.disposeEmitter.fire(undefined);
+      this.disposeEmitter.dispose();
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Register again and restore now, after the connection dropped, instead of
+    * on the next call. A no-op for a session with nothing open, which the next
+    * call restores anyway, and for one already registered on the current
+    * connection. A failure is retried on the connection's next ready
+    * generation; a call before then meets it again.
+    */
+   reconnect(): void {
+      if (!this.disposed && this.openUris.size > 0) {
+         this.connected().catch(() => undefined);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Drop the record in {@link unsavedWrites} of a document this session has
+    * open once the server says it turned clean: it holds no unsaved text
+    * then, and a record kept would have a restore report the write lost once
+    * another client's save changed the file.
+    *
+    * The server sends a flip only for a document someone watches, so a
+    * document the session writes without watching it keeps its record, and
+    * can still be reported lost that way.
+    */
+   protected forgetSavedWrite(event: TransferDocumentDirtyChangedEvent): void {
+      if (event.text?.dirty) {
+         return;
+      }
+      // The flip names the server's key, which is not always the caller's
+      // spelling that the records are kept under.
+      for (const [uri, serverUri] of this.serverUris) {
+         if (serverUri === event.uri) {
+            this.unsavedWrites.delete(uri);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Drop the record in {@link unsavedWrites} of a document another client
+    * wrote over while the connection held: its write replaced the session's,
+    * so a restore has nothing of the session's to put back, and a record kept
+    * would have it report the write lost to the reconnect. A write superseded
+    * before its answer needs nothing: the answer names the other client's
+    * text, which the record then holds.
+    *
+    * Only a `'changed'` event from another client counts, and only where the
+    * document no longer holds the write: the session's own echo, and an
+    * integrity repair already in the write's answer, replaced nothing, and a
+    * `'rebuilt'` event carries no new text. Like {@link forgetSavedWrite}, it
+    * depends on the server sending the event, which it does only for a
+    * document someone watches.
+    */
+   protected forgetSupersededWrite(event: TransferDocumentUpdatedEvent<TTransfer, DiagnosticOf<TServer>>): void {
+      if (event.reason !== 'changed' || this.isOwnEcho(event.sourceClientId)) {
+         return;
+      }
+      for (const [uri, serverUri] of this.serverUris) {
+         const write = this.unsavedWrites.get(uri);
+         if (serverUri === event.document.uri && write && this.restoreOutcome(write, event.document) !== 'kept') {
+            this.unsavedWrites.delete(uri);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Register on `server`, and after a reconnect restore what the ended session
+    * had. Calls issued meanwhile wait for this.
+    */
+   protected async register(server: RpcProxy<TServer>, reconnected: boolean): Promise<void> {
+      await server.createSession({ clientId: this.clientId, label: this.label, resumeToken: this.resumeToken });
+      if (reconnected) {
+         await this.restore(server);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Re-open and re-watch every document the session had open, write again
+    * what it wrote since their last save where the re-open lost it, and tell
+    * the host which of them lost it for good.
+    *
+    * Decided per document by the re-opened document's `text.hash`,
+    * in {@link restoreOutcome}. Versions cannot decide a write: a revert moves
+    * the version on and a restarted server numbers afresh, so the version the
+    * last write was answered with never matches where a write is needed, and
+    * any other version may be another client's edit, which a write would
+    * overwrite.
+    *
+    * Only what the drop cost is reported: a write another client wrote over
+    * while the connection held has no record left by then, see
+    * {@link forgetSupersededWrite}.
+    *
+    * A write is sent again based on the re-opened version, as an ordinary
+    * write, so an edit arriving in between conflicts, and a conflict is not
+    * retried. Documents last written by one {@link updateDocuments} are sent
+    * again by one, and only when every one of them may be; a document that
+    * could not be re-opened blocks its set.
+    *
+    * No caller is waiting, so the outcomes go through the host: one report
+    * naming every document whose unsaved text is gone, whose record is then
+    * dropped, and one per document that could not be re-opened or written
+    * again for another reason than a conflict. A document that could not be
+    * re-opened is forgotten; a failed write keeps its record, for the next
+    * restore to decide again.
+    *
+    * Each document's dirty state goes to the host too, read once the watch is
+    * in place and any write is sent: a flip while the connection was down, or
+    * between the re-open and the watch, reached no one, and the re-open's own
+    * answer misses the second. Read before the write, it would tell the client
+    * a document is clean that the write is about to make dirty again.
+    */
+   protected async restore(server: RpcProxy<TServer>): Promise<void> {
+      const writes = [...this.unsavedWrites];
+      // No write sent before the drop answers any more, and a restarted
+      // server numbers afresh, below the versions saved before it.
+      this.savedVersions.clear();
+      const reopened = new Map<string, DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>>();
+      for (const uri of [...this.openUris]) {
+         try {
+            const document = await server.openModelDocument({ uri, clientId: this.clientId });
+            await server.watchModelDocument({ uri, clientId: this.clientId });
+            if (this.openUris.has(uri)) {
+               this.serverUris.set(uri, document.uri);
+               this.recordText(uri, document);
+            }
+            reopened.set(uri, document);
+         } catch (error: unknown) {
+            // Its record goes with its set's, in `reapply`, which it blocks.
+            this.openUris.delete(uri);
+            this.serverUris.delete(uri);
+            this.lastAnswers.delete(uri);
+            this.savedVersions.delete(uri);
+            this.host.reportError?.(error, resolve(DATA_SESSION_RESTORE_FAILED, { uri, detail: describeError(error) }));
+         }
+      }
+      const sets = new Map<object, [string, DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TTransfer, TServer>][]>();
+      for (const [uri, write] of writes) {
+         const call = 'update' in write.call ? write.call.update : write.call.updates;
+         sets.set(call, [...(sets.get(call) ?? []), [uri, write]]);
+      }
+      const lost: string[] = [];
+      for (const members of sets.values()) {
+         lost.push(...(await this.reapply(server, members, reopened)));
+      }
+      for (const uri of reopened.keys()) {
+         if (!this.openUris.has(uri)) {
+            continue;
+         }
+         // A failed read, or one without text, leaves the client's dirty
+         // state as it was; the document is restored all the same.
+         const current = await server.getModelDocument({ uri }).catch(() => undefined);
+         if (current?.text !== undefined) {
+            try {
+               this.host.restoreDirty?.({ uri: current.uri, text: current.text });
+            } catch {
+               // The client's listener failed, not the restore: the server
+               // has the document open and watched, so it stays restored.
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      if (lost.length > 0) {
+         const reported = resolve(DATA_SESSION_UNSAVED_LOST, { uris: lost.join(', ') });
+         this.host.reportError?.(new Error(reported.text), reported);
+      }
    }
 
-   /** Await the connection and the server's startup gate for one generation. */
-   protected async awaitReady(generation: Generation<TTransfer>): Promise<void> {
+   /**
+    * Whether the re-opened `document` still holds the session's unsaved
+    * `write` (`'kept'`), holds the text the write started from, so the write
+    * can be sent again (`'resend'`), or holds something else (`'lost'`).
+    *
+    * A document without `text` comes from a server that sends none, and
+    * counts as kept only at the version the write was answered with. One
+    * without a model has no version to send the write again on.
+    */
+   protected restoreOutcome(
+      write: DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TTransfer, TServer>,
+      document: DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>
+   ): 'kept' | 'resend' | 'lost' {
+      if (document.text === undefined) {
+         return document.model?.version === write.answer.version ? 'kept' : 'lost';
+      }
+      if (document.text.hash === write.answer.hash) {
+         return 'kept';
+      }
+      return document.model && write.baseHash !== undefined && document.text.hash === write.baseHash ? 'resend' : 'lost';
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Write again, in one call and based on their `reopened` versions, the
+    * `members` of one write call that the re-open lost, all or none. Returns
+    * the URIs whose unsaved text is gone, and drops their records, and the
+    * record of a member that could not be re-opened.
+    *
+    * A member whose record is no longer the one the restore started with was
+    * closed, saved or disposed meanwhile, and is left out: writing it would
+    * put back text its caller discarded.
+    */
+   protected async reapply(
+      server: RpcProxy<TServer>,
+      members: readonly [string, DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TTransfer, TServer>][],
+      reopened: ReadonlyMap<string, DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>>
+   ): Promise<string[]> {
+      const current = (uri: string, write: DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TTransfer, TServer>): boolean =>
+         !this.disposed && this.unsavedWrites.get(uri) === write;
+      const outcomes = members
+         .filter(([uri, write]) => current(uri, write))
+         .map(([uri, write]) => {
+            const document = reopened.get(uri);
+            return { uri, write, document, outcome: document ? this.restoreOutcome(write, document) : 'failed' };
+         });
+      // A restarted server numbers afresh: the answers to later writes follow
+      // on from the re-opened version, not from the one the record holds.
+      for (const { uri, write, document, outcome } of outcomes) {
+         if (outcome === 'kept' && document) {
+            this.unsavedWrites.set(uri, { ...write, answer: this.answerOf(uri, document) });
+         }
+      }
+      // A document that could not be re-opened is forgotten, and was reported
+      // as such.
+      const lose = (): string[] => {
+         outcomes.filter(member => member.outcome !== 'kept').forEach(member => this.unsavedWrites.delete(member.uri));
+         return outcomes.filter(member => member.outcome === 'lost' || member.outcome === 'resend').map(member => member.uri);
+      };
+      if (outcomes.some(member => member.outcome === 'lost' || member.outcome === 'failed')) {
+         return lose();
+      }
+      // In the order of the call's updates, which is the order of its answers.
+      const resend = outcomes
+         .flatMap(({ uri, write, document, outcome }) =>
+            outcome === 'resend' && document?.model ? [{ uri, write, baseVersion: document.model.version }] : []
+         )
+         .sort((left, right) => indexOf(left.write) - indexOf(right.write));
+      if (resend.length === 0) {
+         return [];
+      }
+      let documents: DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>[];
       try {
-         await generation.connection;
-         await generation.server.waitForReady();
+         const { call } = resend[0].write;
+         if ('update' in call) {
+            documents = [await server.updateModelDocument({ ...call.update, baseVersion: resend[0].baseVersion, clientId: this.clientId })];
+         } else {
+            const baseVersion = new Map(resend.map(member => [indexOf(member.write), member.baseVersion]));
+            documents = await server.updateModelDocuments({
+               ...call.updates,
+               clientId: this.clientId,
+               updates: call.updates.updates.flatMap((update, index) => {
+                  const version = baseVersion.get(index);
+                  return version === undefined ? [] : [{ ...update, baseVersion: version }];
+               })
+            });
+         }
       } catch (error: unknown) {
-         // Drop the generation so the next request retries rather than
-         // re-awaiting a settled rejection forever.
-         if (this.generation === generation) {
-            this.generation = undefined;
+         if (isConflictError(error)) {
+            return lose();
          }
-         this.port.reportError(error, 'waiting for the data server to become ready');
-         throw error;
+         for (const { uri, write, baseVersion } of resend) {
+            this.host.reportError?.(error, resolve(DATA_SESSION_RESTORE_FAILED, { uri, detail: describeError(error) }));
+            // Kept for the next restore, and numbered from the re-opened
+            // version, as the kept records are: a record numbered by a server
+            // that has since restarted would have later answers ignored.
+            if (current(uri, write)) {
+               this.unsavedWrites.set(uri, { ...write, answer: { ...write.answer, version: baseVersion } });
+            }
+         }
+         return [];
+      }
+      resend.forEach((member, index) => {
+         if (current(member.uri, member.write)) {
+            // Recorded afresh, since the answer of a restarted server may be
+            // numbered below the one it replaces.
+            this.unsavedWrites.delete(member.uri);
+            this.recordWrite(member.uri, documents[index], member.write.baseHash, member.write.call);
+         }
+      });
+      return [];
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * The text hash of the version `baseVersion` names for `uri`, for a write that
+    * starts the URI's record in {@link unsavedWrites}; `undefined` for any
+    * other write, whose record keeps the base it has.
+    *
+    * Taken from {@link lastAnswers} when that is at the version, otherwise
+    * read, and kept only when the read answers that version: a server's text
+    * changes only with its version, so the text at a version is the text the
+    * write, once it passes the gate, was applied to.
+    */
+   protected async baseHashOf(server: RpcProxy<TServer>, uri: string, baseVersion: BaseVersion): Promise<string | undefined> {
+      if (this.unsavedWrites.has(uri) || !isModelVersion(baseVersion)) {
+         return undefined;
+      }
+      const known = this.lastAnswers.get(uri);
+      if (known?.version === baseVersion) {
+         return known.hash;
       }
+      const read = await server.getModelDocument({ uri }).catch(() => undefined);
+      return read?.text?.version === baseVersion ? read.text.hash : undefined;
    }
 
    /**
-    * Discard the current generation, disposing its connection if it opened.
-    * The next {@link connected} builds a fresh one.
+    * Record `document` as the answer to a write of `uri`, keeping the base of
+    * the URI's record if it has one. An answer numbered below the record's is
+    * ignored: two writes of `uri` in flight at once may answer out of order,
+    * and the record holds the one applied last.
+    *
+    * So is one numbered at or below the URI's entry in {@link savedVersions}.
+    * The save came after that write was applied, so the save persisted its
+    * text or a later write replaced it, and its answer carries the text as it
+    * was when sent, which a restore would report as lost.
     */
-   protected dropGeneration(): void {
-      const generation = this.generation;
-      this.generation = undefined;
-      if (!generation) {
+   protected recordWrite(
+      uri: string,
+      document: DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>,
+      baseHash: string | undefined,
+      call: DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TTransfer, TServer>['call']
+   ): void {
+      const answer = this.answerOf(uri, document);
+      const kept = this.unsavedWrites.get(uri);
+      if (kept && answer.version < kept.answer.version) {
+         return;
+      }
+      const saved = this.savedVersions.get(uri);
+      if (saved !== undefined && answer.version <= saved) {
          return;
       }
-      generation.connection.then(connection => connection.dispose()).catch(() => undefined);
+      this.unsavedWrites.set(uri, { baseHash: kept ? kept.baseHash : baseHash, answer, call });
+      this.recordText(uri, document);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * What {@link DataSessionUnsavedWrite.answer} keeps of `document`. Every write
+    * and open answers with a model; one without is reported and counted older
+    * than every version, so it never replaces a real answer.
+    */
+   protected answerOf(
+      uri: string,
+      document: DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>
+   ): DataSessionUnsavedWrite<TTransfer, TServer>['answer'] {
+      if (!document.model) {
+         const reported = resolve(DATA_SESSION_ANSWER_WITHOUT_MODEL, { uri });
+         this.host.reportError?.(new Error(reported.text), reported);
+         return { version: UNRECORDED_VERSION, hash: document.text?.hash };
+      }
+      return { version: document.model.version, hash: document.text?.hash };
+   }
+
+   /** Keep `document`'s text in {@link lastAnswers}, or forget it for a server that sends none. */
+   protected recordText(uri: string, document: DataSessionDocument<TTransfer, TServer>): void {
+      if (document.text) {
+         this.lastAnswers.set(uri, document.text);
+      } else {
+         this.lastAnswers.delete(uri);
+      }
+   }
+
+   /** Run `call`, counted as in flight on each of `uris` until it settles. */
+   protected track<T>(uris: readonly string[], call: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+      const running = call();
+      for (const uri of uris) {
+         this.inFlight.set(uri, (this.inFlight.get(uri) ?? new Set<Promise<unknown>>()).add(running));
+      }
+      const done = (): void => uris.forEach(uri => this.inFlight.get(uri)?.delete(running));
+      running.then(done, done);
+      return running;
+   }
+
+   /** {@link track} an open of `uri`, counted in {@link openingUris} until it settles. */
+   protected trackOpen<T>(uri: string, call: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+      this.openingUris.set(uri, (this.openingUris.get(uri) ?? 0) + 1);
+      const done = (): void => {
+         const remaining = (this.openingUris.get(uri) ?? 1) - 1;
+         if (remaining > 0) {
+            this.openingUris.set(uri, remaining);
+         } else {
+            this.openingUris.delete(uri);
+         }
+      };
+      const running = this.track([uri], call);
+      running.then(done, done);
+      return running;
+   }
+
+   /** Wait until `calls` have settled, or {@link settleBeforeCloseMs} has passed. */
+   protected async settle(calls: Iterable<Promise<unknown>> | undefined): Promise<void> {
+      const pending = [...(calls ?? [])];
+      if (pending.length === 0) {
+         return;
+      }
+      await this.clock.raceTimer(Promise.allSettled(pending), this.settleBeforeCloseMs);
+   }
+
+   protected assertLive(): void {
+      if (this.disposed) {
+         throw new SessionClosedError(this.clientId);
+      }
    }
 }